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Hill KL, Haddad JA, Ali RO, Zhang GY, Quinn GM, Townsend E, Everson GT, Helmke SM, Bagheri M, Schoenfeld M, Yang S, Koh C, Levy EB, Kleiner DE, Sacks DB, Etzion O, Heller T. Dynamic Elevation of Aromatic Amino Acids in Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Cirrhosis After a Standard Meal. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00666. [PMID: 38088382 PMCID: PMC10962898 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perturbations in aromatic (AAAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are seen in decompensated liver disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic, postprandial relationship between hepatitis C virus-induced liver disease and amino acid concentrations in patients with compensated liver disease. METHODS Patients infected with hepatitis C virus underwent a baseline liver biopsy to determine Ishak Fibrosis Score and evaluate the liver transcriptome. Patients ate a standard meal and underwent peripheral vein sampling at defined intervals. Quantitative analysis of amino acids was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS At baseline, there was no difference in AAA and BCAA concentrations between patients with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic patients. After a standard meal, AAAs, but not BCAAs, were elevated in patients with cirrhosis compared with non-cirrhotic patients at every time point. The HepQuant SHUNT fraction was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis and positively correlated with AAA concentration at all time points, but not BCAA. Analysis of the hepatic transcriptome demonstrated greater downregulation of the AAA degradation pathways than the BCAA degradation pathways. DISCUSSION At baseline, cirrhotic patients with compensated liver disease have adequate reserve liver function to metabolize AAAs and BCAAs. When faced with a metabolic stressor, such as a standard meal, patients with cirrhosis are less able to metabolize the increased load of AAAs. This impairment correlates with portosystemic shunting. Further evaluation of AAA levels in compensated liver disease might further the understanding of the liver-muscle axis and the role it may play in the development of sarcopenia in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareen L. Hill
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James A. Haddad
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rabab O. Ali
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Grace Y. Zhang
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriella M. Quinn
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Townsend
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory T. Everson
- Section of Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- HepQuant LLC, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA
| | - Steve M. Helmke
- Section of Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- HepQuant LLC, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA
| | - Mohammadhadi Bagheri
- Clinical Image Processing Service, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan Schoenfeld
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanna Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Koh
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elliot B. Levy
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David B. Sacks
- Clinical Chemistry Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ohad Etzion
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Cioffi I, Di Vincenzo O, Imperatore N, Fisco M, Testa A, Scialò F, Castiglione F, Ruoppolo M, Pasanisi F, Santarpia L. Amino acid profiles, disease activity, and protein intake in adult patients with Crohn's disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1245574. [PMID: 37854352 PMCID: PMC10579601 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1245574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crohn's disease (CD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a relapsing-remitting course. Amino acids (AAs) may play critical roles in the intestinal manifestations of disease, due to their involvement in many metabolic and immune functions. The present study aimed to explore serum AA concentrations in adult patients with CD, looking into their variations due to disease activity, surgery and protein content of diet. Eventually, the link between AAs and inflammatory markers was also assessed. Methods Consecutive adult patients aged 18-65 years with diagnosis of CD were recruited. All participants underwent anthropometry and were instructed to fill in a 3-day food record to assess protein intake. Disease activity was clinically defined using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), while blood samples were taken to analyze serum AA profile and inflammatory markers. Results A total of 103 patients with CD (61 men and 42 women; age:39.9 ± 13.9 years, BMI: 23.4 ± 3.51 kg/m2) were included. Tryptophan levels were found to be remarkably decreased in most subjects, unrelated to disease activity. On the contrary, concentration of lysine, leucine, valine and glutamine decreased in active versus quiescent CD patients, while aspartic acid, glutamate and glycine increased. The latter AAs were also directly correlated with CDAI and serum interleukin (IL)- 1β concentration. Considering the total protein intake, expressed as g/kg/body weight, we observed a reduction in some essential AAs in patients with unmet protein requirements compared to patients who met the recommendation. Discussion In conclusion, specific AAs varied according to disease activity and protein intake, adjusted to body weight and disease status. Glu and Asp concentrations raised with increasing IL-1β. However, extensive research is needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning the link between variation in serum AAs, disease activity and protein intake in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Cioffi
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences - DEFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Olivia Di Vincenzo
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Imperatore
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Fisco
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Scialò
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate F. Salvatore, s.c.ar.l, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Santarpia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Williamson E, Kato H, Volterman KA, Suzuki K, Moore DR. Greater plasma essential amino acids and lower 3-methylhistidine with higher protein intake during endurance training: a randomised control trial. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1285-1291. [PMID: 36477889 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise alters amino acid (AA) metabolism that necessitates greater AA intake in the post exercise recovery period to support recovery. Thus, daily AA ingestion during a period of endurance training may affect the metabolically active plasma free AA pool, which is otherwise maintained during periods of inadequate protein intake by the breakdown of skeletal muscle proteins. Nine endurance-trained males completed a 4-day running protocol (20 km, 5 km, 10 km and 20 km on days 1-4, respectively) on three occasions with a controlled diet providing different protein intakes [0.94(LOW), 1.20(MOD) or 1.83gprotein kgbody mass-1 day-1 (HIGH)]. Urine collected over 24 h on day-4 and plasma collected after an overnight fast on day-5 were analyzed for free AA (plasma) and 3-methylhistidine (3MH; plasma and urine), a marker of myofibrillar protein breakdown. There was an effect of protein intake (HIGH > MOD/LOW; P < 0.05) on fasted plasma essential AA, branched chain AA and 3MH but no effect on 24-h urinary 3-MH excretion. Consuming a previously determined optimal daily protein intake of 1.83 g kg-1 day-1 during endurance training maintains fasted plasma free AA and may attenuate myofibrillar protein catabolism, although this latter effect was not detected in 24-h urinary excretion. The maintenance of the metabolically active free plasma AA pool may support greater recovery from exercise and contribute to the previously determined greater whole-body net protein balance in this athletic population. TRN: NCT02801344 (June 15, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Williamson
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 100 Devonshire Place, Toronto, ON, M5S2C9, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 100 Devonshire Place, Toronto, ON, M5S2C9, Canada
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimberly A Volterman
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 100 Devonshire Place, Toronto, ON, M5S2C9, Canada
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daniel R Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 100 Devonshire Place, Toronto, ON, M5S2C9, Canada.
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Zhang A, Wang R, Liu Q, Yang Z, Lin X, Pang J, Li X, Wang D, He J, Li J, Zhang M, Yu Y, Cao XC, Chen X, Tang NJ. Breast adipose metabolites mediates the association of tetrabromobisphenol a with breast cancer: A case-control study in Chinese population. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120701. [PMID: 36423888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies exploring the association of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) with breast cancer and related mechanisms are limited. To investigate the relationship between TBBPA levels in breast adipose and breast cancer, we carried out case-control research. As well as further examine the mediating role of adipose metabolites between TBBPA and breast cancer using the metabolomics approach. In this study, the concentration of TBBPA was determined utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) after a solid phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment. High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to analyze adipose metabolomics. Evaluation of metabolites linked to TBBPA exposure and breast cancer was performed utilizing mediation analysis. With an estimated OR (95%CI) of 1.153 (1.023, 1.299), TBBPA was firmly linked with breast cancer. We also used propensity score matching analysis and sensitivity analysis to reduce the effect of confounding factors on the results. Metabolomics of adipose suggested significant perturbation in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, for PC (16:0/16:0) as phospholipids, a mediation effect on the associations of TBBPA exposure with breast cancer risks was observed (estimated mediation percentage: 56.58%). Understanding the relationship between TBBPA exposure and the risk of breast cancer may be facilitated by the findings, which point to potential mediation metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Health Inspection and Testing Institute Integrated Operations Section, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Qianfeng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhengjun Yang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital: Tianjin Tumor Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Health Inspection and Testing Institute Physical and Chemical Section, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jiayu He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Health Inspection and Testing Institute Physical and Chemical Section, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital: Tianjin Tumor Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital: Tianjin Tumor Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Nai-Jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Baghal Behyar M, Hasanzadeh M, Seidi F, Shadjou N. Sensing of Amino Acids: Critical role of nanomaterials for the efficient biomedical analysis. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Wang X, Zhao X, Zhao J, Yang T, Zhang F, Liu L. Serum metabolite signatures of epithelial ovarian cancer based on targeted metabolomics. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:59-69. [PMID: 33746017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a common gynecological cancer with high mortality rates. The main objective of this study was to investigate the serum amino acid and organic acid profiles to distinguish key metabolites for screening EOC patients. METHODS In total, 39 patients with EOC and 31 healthy controls were selected as the training set. Serum amino acid and organic acid profiles were determined using the targeted metabolomics approach. Metabolite profiles were processed via multivariate analysis to identify potential metabolites and construct a metabolic network. Finally, a test dataset derived from 29 patients and 28 healthy controls was constructed to validate the potential metabolites. RESULTS Distinct amino acid and organic acid profiles were obtained between EOC and healthy control groups. Methionine, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid and glycolic acid were identified as potential metabolites to distinguish EOC from control samples. The areas under the curve for methionine, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid and glycolic acid were 0.775, 0 778, 0.955, 0.874 and 0.897, respectively, in the validation study. Metabolic network analysis of the training set indicated key roles of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism as well as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism in the pathogenesis of EOC. CONCLUSIONS Amino acid and organic acid profiles may serve as potential screening tools for EOC. Data from this study provide useful information to bridge gaps in the understanding of the amino acid and organic acid alterations associated with epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhao
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tongshu Yang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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MIYANO H, NAKAYAMA A. Development of Precolumn Derivatization–LC/MS for Amino-Acid-Focused Metabolomics. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2021. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2020.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nagao K, Kimura T. Use of plasma-free amino acids as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:79-85. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reviews developments regarding the use of plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. This work was initiated and first published in 2006 and was subsequently developed by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. After commercialization in 2011, PFAA-based tests were adopted in over 1500 clinics and hospitals in Japan, and numerous clinician-led studies have been performed to validate these tests. Evidence is accumulating that PFAA profiles can be used for diabetes prediction and evaluation of frailty; in particular, decreased plasma essential amino acids could contribute to the pathophysiology of severe frailty. Integration of PFAA evaluation as a biomarker and effective essential amino acid supplementation, which improves physical and mental functions in the elderly, could facilitate the development of precision nutrition, including personalized solutions. This present review provides the background for the technology as well as more recent clinical findings, and offers future possibilities regarding the implementation of precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nagao
- the Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hou Y, Hu S, Li X, He W, Wu G. Amino Acid Metabolism in the Liver: Nutritional and Physiological Significance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:21-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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A multicentre clinical validation of AminoIndex Cancer Screening (AICS). Sci Rep 2019; 9:13831. [PMID: 31554861 PMCID: PMC6761170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AminoIndex Cancer Screening (AICS) is a novel cancer screening test based on plasma free amino acid (PFAA) levels. This system categorises subjects as rank A, B, or C in order of increasing probability of each cancer incidence. The current study aimed to validate the potential of AICS for cancer detection. AICS values were determined from the PFAA levels in subjects examined at Chiba Cancer Center Cohort, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, and Saihaku Hospital, and the cancer incidence was investigated. The sensitivities of rank C for cancer diagnosis within 1 year after AICS examination were 83.3% (10/12) for gastric, 50.0% (2/4) for lung, 46.2% (6/13) for colorectal, 50.0% (8/16) for prostate, 43.8% (7/16) for breast, and 50.0% (1/2) for uterine/ovarian cancer. The total cancer detection rate via AICS was 0.33% (34/10,245). The sensitivities during the maximum follow-up period of 6.2 years were 51.7% (15/29) for gastric, 18.2% (2/11) for lung, 28.6% (8/28) for colorectal, 36.4% (8/22) for prostate, 29.0% (9/31) for breast, and 33.3% (2/6) for uterine/ovarian cancers. In conclusion, AICS is a more useful method for evaluating the probability of cancer incidence than for predicting onset, suggesting that annual AICS should be recommended to detect any malignancy.
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Celik M, Şen A, Koyuncu İ, Gönel A. Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiling of Nasal Polyposis Patients. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 22:657-662. [PMID: 31538890 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190920110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanisms present in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyposis. It is not clear whether amino acids contribute in a causal way to the development of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the plasma-free amino acid profile in patients with nasal polyposis and to compare the results with a healthy control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective controlled study that took place in the Otolaryngology Department at the Harran University Faculty of Medicine between April 2017 and April 2018. Plasmafree amino acid profile levels were studied in serum samples taken from a patient group and a healthy control group. Patients who were diagnosed with bilateral diffuse nasal polyposis and were scheduled for surgical interventions were included in this study. Individuals whose age, gender, and body mass index values were compatible with that of the patient group and who did not have any health problems were included in the control group. All the participants whose levels of plasma-free amino acid were thought to be affected by one or more of the following factors were excluded from the study: smoking and alcohol use, allergic rhinitis presence, the presence of acute or chronic sinusitis, a history of endoscopic sinus surgery, unilateral nasal masses, a history of chronic drug use, systemic or topical steroid use in the last three months for any reason, and liver, kidney, hematological, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, or psychiatric disorders or malignancies. RESULTS In patients with nasal polyposis, 3-methyl histidine (3-MHIS: nasal polyposis group (ng) = 3.22 (1.92 - 6.07); control group (cg) = 1.21 (0.77 - 1.68); p = 0.001); arginine (arg: ng = 98.95 (70.81 - 117.75); cg = 75.10 (54.49 - 79.88); p = 0.005); asparagine (asn: ng = 79.84 (57.50 - 101.44); cg = 60.66 (46.39 - 74.62); p = 0.021); citrulline (cit: ng = 51.83 (43.81 - 59.78); cg = 38.33 (27.81 - 53.73); p = 0.038); cystine (cys: ng = 4.29 (2.43 - 6.66); cg = 2.41 (1.51 - 4.16); p = 0.019); glutamic acid (glu: ng = 234.86 (128.75 - 286.66); cg = 152.37 (122.51 - 188.34); p = 0.045); histidine (his: ng = 94.19 (79.34 - 113.99); cg = 74.80 (62.76 - 98.91); p = 0.018); lysine (lys: ng = 297.22 (206.55 - 371.25); cg = 179.50 (151.58 - 238.02); p = 0.001); ornithine (ng = 160.62 (128.36 - 189.32); cg = 115.91 (97.03 - 159.91); p = 0.019); serine (ser: ng = 195.15 (151.58 - 253.07); cg = 83.07 (67.44 - 92.44); p = 0.001); taurine (tau: ng = 74.69 (47.00 - 112.13); cg = 53.14 (33.57 - 67.31); p = 0.006); tryptophan (trp: ng = 52.31 (33.81 - 80.11); cg = 34.44 (25.94 - 43.07); p = 0.005), homocitrulline (ng = 1.75 (1.27 - 2.59); cg = 0.00 (0.00 - 0.53); p = 0.001); norvaline (ng = 6.90 (5.61 - 9.18); cg = 4.93 (3.74 - 7.13); p = 0.021); argininosuccinic acid (ng = 14.33 (10.06 - 25.65); cg = 12.22 (5.77 - 16.87) p = 0.046); and plasma concentrations were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p <0.05). However, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba: ng = 0.16 (0.10 - 0.24); cg = 0.21 (0.19 - 0.29); p = 0.010) plasma concentration was significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. CONCLUSION In this study, plasma levels of 15 free amino acids were significantly higher in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. A plasma level of 1 free amino acid was found to be significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group compared to the healthy control group. Therefore, it is important to determine the possibility of using the information obtained to prevent the recurrence of the condition and to develop effective treatment strategies. This study may be a milestone for studies of this subject. However, this study needs to be confirmed by further studies conducted in a larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Celik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University Medical Faculty, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Alper Şen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Harran University Medical Faculty, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University Medical Faculty, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ataman Gönel
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University Medical Faculty, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Wang X, Zhao X, Chou J, Yu J, Yang T, Liu L, Zhang F. Taurine, glutamic acid and ethylmalonic acid as important metabolites for detecting human breast cancer based on the targeted metabolomics. Cancer Biomark 2018; 23:255-268. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinshu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Chou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tongshu Yang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
- Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
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Butorov EV. Plasma L-Carnitine and L-Lysine Concentrations in HIV-Infected Patients. Open Biochem J 2017; 11:119-131. [PMID: 29387270 PMCID: PMC5750727 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01711010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Virus infections are associated with significant alterations in host cells amino acids profiles that support biosynthetic demands necessary for production of viral progeny. Amino acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of all virus-related infections both as basic substrates for protein synthesis and as regulators in many metabolic pathways. Objective: Our aim was to determine the changes in plasma L-carnitine levels and its amino acid precursor (L-lysine) in HIV-infected patients. Methods: We performed a case-control study of 430 HIV-1 infected males (non-vegetarians) without any restriction in the
nourishment, before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 125 HIV-1 subjects after the introduction of
HAART who were periodically monitored in the Municipal Center of HIV/AIDS prophylaxis, Surgut, Russian
Federation Results: The plasma total (TC) and free (FC) L-carnitine concentrations markedly decreased with the clinical stages of HIV infection. The mean plasma TC, FC and L-lysine levels were significantly lower in asymptomatic stage (A) and advanced CDC stages (B, C) HIV-infected patients compared with our reference values. The total and free L-carnitine and its amino acid precursor concentrations mild increased in HIV-infected subjects after the introduction of HAART. Our data revealed that L-lysine amino acid and its derivative (TC) levels were negatively correlated with viral load and inversely with CD4 count lymphocytes in the total cohort. Conclusion: The study results show that there was evidence for an association between plasma L-carnitine, L-lysine and HIV-1 RNA levels, immunological markers and clinical stages of HIV infection. The obtained data indicate that level changes of these host essential nutritional elements can play an important role in the HIV life cycle. These findings are important for understanding the pathophysiology of HIV infection and must be considered in further research for the development of new approaches in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Butorov
- The Municipal Center of HIV/AIDS prophylaxis, Surgut, Russian Federation
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Recovery of pan-genotypic and genotype-specific amino acid alterations in chronic hepatitis C after viral clearance: transition at the crossroad of metabolism and immunity. Amino Acids 2016; 49:291-302. [PMID: 27830380 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of amino acid (AA) metabolism and the associated clinical implications in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with sustained virological response (SVR) following anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy remains elusive. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 222 CHC patients with SVR. Eighty-two age-matched male genotype 1 (G1) and G2 patients underwent paired serum metabolomics analyses with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to examine AAs before and 24 weeks after anti-HCV therapy. Before anti-HCV therapy, G1 patients had a higher HCV RNA level than G2 patients. Twenty-four weeks post-therapy versus pre-therapy, repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the levels of alanine aminotransferase and most AAs decreased while those of lipids, glutamine and putrescine increased in CHC patients. The methionine sulfoxide/methionine ratio decreased, while the asymmetric dimethylarginine/arginine, glutamine/glutamate, citrulline/arginine, ornithine/arginine, kynurenine/tryptophan, tyrosine/phenylalanine and Fisher's ratios increased. Genotype-specific subgroup analyses showed that valine and serotonin/tyrosine increased in G1 and that kynurenine and tyrosine/phenylalanine increased and sarcosine decreased in G2 patients. Viral clearance in CHC patients pan-genotypically restored fuel utilization by decelerating the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Following improvement in liver function, the urea, nitric oxide, methionine, and polyamine cycles were accelerated. The cardiometabolic risk attenuated, but the augmented kynurenine pathway activity could increase the oncogenesis risk. The trends in neurotransmitter formation differed between G1 and G2 patients after SVR. Moreover, the HCV-suppressing effect of valine was evident in G1 patients; with the exception of prostate cancer, the oncogenesis risk increased, particularly in G2 patients, at least within 24 weeks post-anti-HCV therapy.
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The effects of pre-analysis sample handling on human plasma amino acid concentrations. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kim HJ, Jang SH, Ryu JS, Lee JE, Kim YC, Lee MK, Jang TW, Lee SY, Nakamura H, Nishikata N, Mori M, Noguchi Y, Miyano H, Lee KY. The performance of a novel amino acid multivariate index for detecting lung cancer: A case control study in Korea. Lung Cancer 2015; 90:522-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nakamura H, Nishikata N, Kawai N, Imaizumi A, Miyano H, Mori M, Yamamoto H, Noguchi Y. Plasma amino acid profiles in healthy East Asian subpopulations living in Japan. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:236-9. [PMID: 26407660 PMCID: PMC5054856 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Profiles of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) have been utilized as biomarkers to detect various diseases. However, few studies have investigated whether ethnicity or specific subpopulations within East Asia influence PFAA concentrations. METHODS A total of 95 healthy volunteers living in Japan, including 31 Japanese individuals, 36 Korean individuals and 28 Chinese individuals, were enrolled. Participants' PFAA levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the effects of factors such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and subpopulation on PFAA profiles were analyzed. RESULTS With the exception of glutamine and α-aminobutyric acid, there were no significant differences among the three examined subpopulations with respect to either the means or the distributions of PFAA concentrations. A multiple regression analysis revealed that most of the PFAA concentrations were significantly related to sex. Ornithine concentrations, glutamate concentrations, and glutamine and α-aminobutyric acid concentrations were significantly associated with age, BMI, and Chinese subpopulation, respectively. CONCLUSION The study results indicate that the contributions of subpopulation within East Asia to PFAA profiles are small, particularly relative to the contributions provided by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nobuhiro Kawai
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Mori
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Noguchi
- Department of R&D Planning, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Tokyo, Japan
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Fukutake N, Ueno M, Hiraoka N, Shimada K, Shiraishi K, Saruki N, Ito T, Yamakado M, Ono N, Imaizumi A, Kikuchi S, Yamamoto H, Katayama K. A Novel Multivariate Index for Pancreatic Cancer Detection Based On the Plasma Free Amino Acid Profile. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132223. [PMID: 26133769 PMCID: PMC4489861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to increase in the world, while most patients are diagnosed with advanced stages and survive <12 months. This poor prognosis is attributable to difficulty of early detection. Here we developed and evaluated a multivariate index composed of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) for early detection of PC. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in multi-institutions in Japan. Fasting plasma samples from PC patients (n = 360), chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients (n = 28), and healthy control (HC) subjects (n = 8372) without apparent cancers who were undergoing comprehensive medical examinations were collected. Concentrations of 19 PFAAs were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We generated an index consisting of the following six PFAAs: serine, asparagine, isoleucine, alanine, histidine, and tryptophan as variables for discrimination in a training set (120 PC and matching 600 HC) and evaluation in a validation set (240 PC, 28 CP, and 7772 HC). Results Several amino acid concentrations in plasma were significantly altered in PC. Plasma tryptophan and histidine concentrations in PC were particularly low, while serine was particularly higher than that of HC. The area under curve (AUC) based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the resulting index to discriminate PC from HC were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.93] in the training set. In the validation set, AUCs based on ROC curve analysis of the PFAA index were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84–0.89) for all PC patients versus HC subjects, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75–0.86) for PC patients from stage IIA to IIB versus HC subjects, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80–0.93) for all PC patients versus CP patients. Conclusions These findings suggest that the PFAA profile of PC was significantly different from that of HC. The PFAA index is a promising biomarker for screening and diagnosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Fukutake
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka Medical Center of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Shiraishi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University Oiso Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Saruki
- Department of Anesthesia, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamakado
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Ono
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (NO); (KK)
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Kikuchi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka Medical Center of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (NO); (KK)
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Okame R, Nakahara K, Murakami N. Plasma amino acid profiles at various reproductive stages in female rats. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:815-21. [PMID: 25787929 PMCID: PMC4527503 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured the plasma levels of amino acids at various reproductive stages in female
rats, including the estrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation, and compared the resulting
amino acid profiles using two- or three-dimensional figures. These figures revealed that
the amino acid profiles of pregnant and lactating dams differed considerably from those
during the estrous cycle or in male rats. The plasma levels of individual amino acids were
almost the same between proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, and their profiles did
not differ significantly. However, the amino acid profiles changed during pregnancy and
lactation in dams. The plasma Ser level decreased significantly in mid and late pregnancy,
whereas Tyr, Gly and His decreased significantly in the late and end stages of pregnancy,
and Trp and Lys significantly decreased and increased at the end of pregnancy,
respectively. Much larger changes in amino acid profiles were observed during lactation,
when the levels of many amino acids increased significantly, and none showed a significant
decrease. Plasma Pro, Ser and Gly levels increased continuously from day 1 until day 15 of
lactation, whereas Asn and Met increased significantly from days 1 and 5 respectively
until the end of lactation. These results suggest that the profiles of plasma amino acids
show characteristic changes according to reproductive stage and that it may be necessary
to consider such differences when performing amino acid-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Okame
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Okame R, Nakahara K, Kato Y, Bannai M, Murakami N. Comparison of amino acid profiles between rats subjected to forced running and voluntary running exercises. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:661-8. [PMID: 25715957 PMCID: PMC4488402 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suspected that in comparison with glucose or fatty acids, the levels of amino
acids may readily change with different forms of exercise. In the present study, we
measured the concentrations of amino acids, glucose, triglycerides, total protein and
total cholesterol in the blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats subjected to
forced running exercise on a treadmill, and voluntary running exercise using a wheel, with
a constant running distance of 440 m. Rats that performed no running and rats subjected to
immobilization stress were used as controls. We observed a few significant changes in the
levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, total protein and total cholesterol in all
groups. Whereas, plasma amino acid levels were significantly changed by exercise and
stress, especially during the light period. The plasma levels of many amino acids were
specifically increased by forced running; some were decreased by immobilization stress.
Few amino acids showed similar changes in their levels as a result of voluntary running.
In addition, there was a significant difference in the degree of amino acid imbalance
between blood and CSF. These results provide the first information on changes in levels of
amino acids in plasma and CSF resulting from forced and voluntary exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Okame
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Plasma amino acid profiling of cancer patients with abnormal savda based on high-performance liquid chromatography. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2014; 34:560-5. [PMID: 25417406 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate metabolic signatures in plasma of cancer patients with abnormal Savda using plasma-free amino acid profiles, and to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these profiles for the detection and explanation of the mechanisms of different symptoms in traditional Uyghur medicine. METHODS Plasma samples from cancer patients with abnormal Savda (n = 85) or non-abnormal Savda (n = 105) and a healthy control group (n = 65) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Orthogonal projection to latent structures with discriminant analysis was used for the classification and prediction of abnormal Savda, and spectral profiles were subjected to Student's t-tests to assess statistical significance. RESULTS Compared with the healthy group, the levels of aspartic acid, glutamate, glycine, histidine, arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine decreased significantly in plasma of cancer patients with abnormal Savda (all P < 0.05). Serine, cystine, tyrosine, valine and lysine levels showed no significant differences (all P > 0.05). Compared with non-abnormal Savda syndrome patients, abnormal Savda syndrome patients showed high concentrations of glutamate, serine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine (all P < 0.05). The remaining plasma amino acids showed no significant differences (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Plasma-free amino acid profiling has the potential to assist in understanding and determining abnormal Savda. A HPLC-based metabonomic platform could be a powerful tool for the classification of symptoms in traditional medicine.
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Hasim A, Aili A, Maimaiti A, Mamtimin B, Abudula A, Upur H. Plasma-free amino acid profiling of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients and its application for early detection. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5853-9. [PMID: 24068431 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, plasma-free amino acid profiles were used to investigate pre-cancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) metabolic signatures in plasma. Additionally, the diagnostic potential of these profiles was assessed, as well as their ability to provide novel insight into CSCC metabolism and systemic effects. Plasma samples from CIN patients (n = 26), CSCC patients (n = 22), and a control healthy group (n = 35) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their spectral profiles were subjected to the t test for statistical significance. Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified using database comparisons that examine the significance of metabolites. Compared with healthy controls, patients with CIN and CSCC demonstrated lower levels of plasma amino acids; plasma levels of arginine and threonine were increased in CIN patients but were decreased in cervical cancer patients. Additionally, the levels of a larger group of amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, serine, glycine, histidine, taurine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine) were gradually reduced from CIN to invasive cancer. These findings suggest that plasma-free amino acid profiling has great potential for improving cancer screening and diagnosis and for understanding disease pathogenesis. Plasma-free amino acid profiles may have the potential be used to determine cancer diagnoses in the early stage from a single blood sample and may enhance our understanding of its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayshamgul Hasim
- Department of Pathology of Medical University of Xinjiang, Ürümqi, China,
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Kubota K, Mizukoshi T, Miyano H. A new approach for quantitative analysis of L-phenylalanine using a novel semi-sandwich immunometric assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8093-103. [PMID: 23736350 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel method for L-phenylalanine analysis using a sandwich-type immunometric assay approach for use as a new method for amino acid analysis. To overcome difficulties of the preparation of high-affinity and selectivity monoclonal antibodies against L-phenylalanine and the inability to use sandwich-type immunometric assays due to their small molecular weight, three procedures were examined. First, amino groups of L-phenylalanine were modified by "N-Fmoc-L-cysteine" (FC) residues and the derivative (FC-Phe) was used as a hapten. Immunization of mice with bovine serum albumin/FC-Phe conjugate successfully yielded specific monoclonal anti-FC-Phe antibodies. Second, a new derivatization reagent, "biotin linker conjugate of FC-Phe N-succinimidyl ester" (FC(Biotin)-NHS), was synthesized to convert L-phenylalanine to FC-(Biotin)-Phe as a hapten structure. The biotin moiety linked to the thiol group of cysteine formed a second binding site for streptavidin/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates for optical detection. Third, a new semi-sandwich-type immunometric assay was established using pre-derivatized L-phenylalanine, the monoclonal anti-FC-Phe antibody, and streptavidin/HRP conjugate (without second antibody). Using the new "semi-sandwich" immunometric assay system, a detection limit of 35 nM (60 amol per analysis) and a detection range of 0.1-20 μM were attained using a standard L-phenylalanine solution. Rat plasma samples were analyzed to test reliability. Intra-day assay precision was within 6% of the coefficient of variation; inter-day variation was 0.1%. The recovery rates were from 92.4 to 123.7%. This is the first report of the quantitative determination of L-phenylalanine using a reliable semi-sandwich immunometric assay approach and will be applicable to the quantitative determination of other amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kubota
- Quality Management Department, Tokai Plant Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1730, Hinaga-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie, 510-0885, Japan
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Yang J, He J, Cao H, Zhao X, Fu S, Lu H, Chen Y, Pan X, Li L. Correlation between plasma amino acid profiles and the various stages of hepatitis B infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:2045-52. [PMID: 22294098 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid metabolism in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is significantly changed. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the amino acid profiles and varying clinical stages of HBV infection, and investigated their significance. The plasma amino acid concentrations in 115 patients with HBV infection and 32 healthy donors were detected and analyzed, and the main indicators of liver function were measured. Correlation analysis was performed between the amino acid profiles (Fischer's ratio, branched-chain amino acid to tyrosine ratio [BTR]) and the key indicators of liver function in patients with HBV infection. Fisher's ratio and the BTR of patients with HBV infection was found to differ from that of the healthy controls, and was also found to significantly correlate with the stage of HBV infection. Changes in the BTR were closely related to the level of key indicators of liver function, and a significant relationship was detected between the Fischer's ratio and the BTR (r=0.928, p<0.001). These results suggest that Fischer's ratio and the BTR can indirectly reflect the degree of liver cell injury. Determining and tracking the plasma amino acid profiles could, therefore, be used for the diagnosis, treatment selection, and prognosis of patients with varying stages of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China
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Hisamatsu T, Okamoto S, Hashimoto M, Muramatsu T, Andou A, Uo M, Kitazume MT, Matsuoka K, Yajima T, Inoue N, Kanai T, Ogata H, Iwao Y, Yamakado M, Sakai R, Ono N, Ando T, Suzuki M, Hibi T. Novel, objective, multivariate biomarkers composed of plasma amino acid profiles for the diagnosis and assessment of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31131. [PMID: 22303484 PMCID: PMC3269436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder that is associated with a limited number of clinical biomarkers. In order to facilitate the diagnosis of IBD and assess its disease activity, we investigated the potential of novel multivariate indexes using statistical modeling of plasma amino acid concentrations (aminogram). Methodology and Principal Findings We measured fasting plasma aminograms in 387 IBD patients (Crohn's disease (CD), n = 165; ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 222) and 210 healthy controls. Based on Fisher linear classifiers, multivariate indexes were developed from the aminogram in discovery samples (CD, n = 102; UC, n = 102; age and sex-matched healthy controls, n = 102) and internally validated. The indexes were used to discriminate between CD or UC patients and healthy controls, as well as between patients with active disease and those in remission. We assessed index performances using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC AUC). We observed significant alterations to the plasma aminogram, including histidine and tryptophan. The multivariate indexes established from plasma aminograms were able to distinguish CD or UC patients from healthy controls with ROC AUCs of 0.940 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.898–0.983) and 0.894 (95%CI: 0.853–0.935), respectively in validation samples (CD, n = 63; UC, n = 120; healthy controls, n = 108). In addition, other indexes appeared to be a measure of disease activity. These indexes distinguished active CD or UC patients from each remission patients with ROC AUCs of 0.894 (95%CI: 0.853–0.935) and 0.849 (95%CI: 0.770–0.928), and correlated with clinical disease activity indexes for CD (rs = 0.592, 95%CI: 0.385–0.742, p<0.001) or UC (rs = 0.598, 95%CI: 0.452–0.713, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusions and Significance In this study, we demonstrated that established multivariate indexes composed of plasma amino acid profiles can serve as novel, non-invasive, objective biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of IBD, providing us with new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T.Hisamatsu); (T.Hibi)
| | - Susumu Okamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashimoto
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiko Muramatsu
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ayatoshi Andou
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Michihide Uo
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mina T. Kitazume
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yajima
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagamu Inoue
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwao
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamakado
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosei Sakai
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Ono
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ando
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Suzuki
- Institute of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (T.Hisamatsu); (T.Hibi)
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Miyagi Y, Higashiyama M, Gochi A, Akaike M, Ishikawa T, Miura T, Saruki N, Bando E, Kimura H, Imamura F, Moriyama M, Ikeda I, Chiba A, Oshita F, Imaizumi A, Yamamoto H, Miyano H, Horimoto K, Tochikubo O, Mitsushima T, Yamakado M, Okamoto N. Plasma free amino acid profiling of five types of cancer patients and its application for early detection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24143. [PMID: 21915291 PMCID: PMC3168486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, rapid advances have been made in metabolomics-based, easy-to-use early cancer detection methods using blood samples. Among metabolites, profiling of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) is a promising approach because PFAAs link all organ systems and have important roles in metabolism. Furthermore, PFAA profiles are known to be influenced by specific diseases, including cancers. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the PFAA profiles in cancer patients and the possibility of using this information for early detection. Methods and Findings Plasma samples were collected from approximately 200 patients from multiple institutes, each diagnosed with one of the following five types of cancer: lung, gastric, colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer. Patients were compared to gender- and age- matched controls also used in this study. The PFAA levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–electrospray ionization (ESI)–mass spectrometry (MS). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the PFAA profiles between the controls and the patients with any of the five types of cancer listed above, even those with asymptomatic early-stage disease. Furthermore, multivariate analysis clearly discriminated the cancer patients from the controls in terms of the area under the receiver-operator characteristics curve (AUC of ROC >0.75 for each cancer), regardless of cancer stage. Because this study was designed as case-control study, further investigations, including model construction and validation using cohorts with larger sample sizes, are necessary to determine the usefulness of PFAA profiling. Conclusions These findings suggest that PFAA profiling has great potential for improving cancer screening and diagnosis and understanding disease pathogenesis. PFAA profiles can also be used to determine various disease diagnoses from a single blood sample, which involves a relatively simple plasma assay and imposes a lower physical burden on subjects when compared to existing screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (AI)
| | - Masahiko Higashiyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Gochi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Akaike
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Saruki
- Department of Anesthesia, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Ohta, Japan
| | - Etsuro Bando
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Shizuoka Prefectural Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Division of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Prefectural Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Moriyama
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Chiba
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Oshita
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto, Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (AI)
| | | | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto, Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toru Mitsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kameda Medical Center Makuhari, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamakado
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Nakatsukasa M, Sotozono C, Shimbo K, Ono N, Miyano H, Okano A, Hamuro J, Kinoshita S. Amino Acid profiles in human tear fluids analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Am J Ophthalmol 2011; 151:799-808.e1. [PMID: 21310375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the 23 amino acid profiles in human tear fluids, and to evaluate whether the ocular disease conditions reflect the amino acid profiles. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. METHODS We evaluated the concentrations and relative composition of 23 amino acids in tear fluids obtained from 31 healthy volunteers using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and compared them with those in plasma and aqueous humor. We also evaluated the tear-fluid amino acid profiles from 33 affected subjects. RESULTS The amino acid profiles of the basal tear and reflex tear were found to be similar, and 4 distinct groups of healthy volunteers (male, female, young, and elderly) showed similar profiles. Absolute concentrations of taurine (Tau) and L-glutamine were significantly dominant in these tear fluids. The relative compositions of Tau, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine (Arg), and citrulline in the tear fluid were significantly higher than those in the plasma and aqueous humor. Analysis of the hierarchical clustering of the amino acid profiles clearly distinguished severe ocular surface diseases from non-ocular surface diseases. The relative compositions of Tau, L-methionine, and Arg decreased in severe ocular surface disease subjects compared with non-ocular surface disease subjects. CONCLUSIONS Tear-fluid amino acid profiles differ from those in plasma and aqueous humor. Steady-state tear-fluid amino acid profiles might reflect ocular-surface homeostasis and the observed changes of amino acids might have a close relation with the disease conditions on the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nakatsukasa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Miyaji K, Nagao K, Bannai M, Asakawa H, Kohyama K, Ohtsu D, Terasawa F, Ito S, Iwao H, Ohtani N, Ohta M. Characteristic metabolism of free amino acids in cetacean plasma: cluster analysis and comparison with mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13808. [PMID: 21072195 PMCID: PMC2970564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From an evolutionary perspective, the ancestors of cetaceans first lived in terrestrial environments prior to adapting to aquatic environments. Whereas anatomical and morphological adaptations to aquatic environments have been well studied, few studies have focused on physiological changes. We focused on plasma amino acid concentrations (aminograms) since they show distinct patterns under various physiological conditions. Plasma and urine aminograms were obtained from bottlenose dolphins, pacific white-sided dolphins, Risso's dolphins, false-killer whales and C57BL/6J and ICR mice. Hierarchical cluster analyses were employed to uncover a multitude of amino acid relationships among different species, which can help us understand the complex interrelations comprising metabolic adaptations. The cetacean aminograms formed a cluster that was markedly distinguishable from the mouse cluster, indicating that cetaceans and terrestrial mammals have quite different metabolic machinery for amino acids. Levels of carnosine and 3-methylhistidine, both of which are antioxidants, were substantially higher in cetaceans. Urea was markedly elevated in cetaceans, whereas the level of urea cycle-related amino acids was lower. Because diving mammals must cope with high rates of reactive oxygen species generation due to alterations in apnea/reoxygenation and ischemia-reperfusion processes, high concentrations of antioxidative amino acids are advantageous. Moreover, shifting the set point of urea cycle may be an adaption used for body water conservation in the hyperosmotic sea water environment, because urea functions as a major blood osmolyte. Furthermore, since dolphins are kept in many aquariums for observation, the evaluation of these aminograms may provide useful diagnostic indices for the assessment of cetacean health in artificial environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miyaji
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Bannai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Asakawa
- Department of Animal Care, Shimoda Floating Aquarium, Shimoda, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kohyama
- Department of Animal Care and Management, Izu-Mito Sea Paradise, Numazu, Japan
| | - Dai Ohtsu
- Aqua Resorts, Yokohama-Hakkeijima Sea Paradise, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Shu Ito
- Veterinary Hospital, Adventure World, Nishimuro, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwao
- Exhibition Division, Niigata City Aquarium Marinepia Nihonkai, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Ohtani
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ohta
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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30
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Determining important regulatory relations of amino acids from dynamic network analysis of plasma amino acids. Amino Acids 2009; 38:179-87. [PMID: 19122975 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the concentrations of plasma amino acids do not always follow the flow-based metabolic pathway network. We have previously shown that there is a control-based network structure among plasma amino acids besides the metabolic pathway map. Based on this network structure, in this study, we performed dynamic analysis using time-course data of the plasma samples of rats fed single essential amino acid deficient diet. Using S-system model (conceptual mathematical model represented by power-law formalism), we inferred the dynamic network structure which reproduces the actual time-courses within the error allowance of 13.17%. By performing sensitivity analysis, three of the most dominant relations in this network were selected; the control paths from leucine to valine, from methionine to threonine, and from leucine to isoleucine. This result is in good agreement with the biological knowledge regarding branched-chain amino acids, and suggests the biological importance of the effect from methionine to threonine.
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Kimura T, Noguchi Y, Shikata N, Takahashi M. Plasma amino acid analysis for diagnosis and amino acid-based metabolic networks. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:49-53. [PMID: 19057187 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e3283169242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the usefulness of amino acid profiling in clinical diagnosis and current developments in analysis revealing underlying metabolic relationships. RECENT FINDINGS Recent innovations in metabolomics and systems biology enable high throughput measurement of diverse amino acids and the subsequent data mining for various uses. Recent studies show new possibilities of using plasma amino acid analysis as biomarker discovery tools by generating diagnostic indices through systematic computation. Such studies show that amino acid-based clinical diagnostic indices for hepatic fibrosis in type C hepatitis patients can be generated. In addition, several studies show the potential of treating amino acid profile data as a metabolomic subset, which can be integrated through the analysis of correlation with different types of 'omics' data for describing metabolite-to-metabolite or metabolite-to-gene interaction networks. CONCLUSION Amino acid profiling of biological samples could be used to generate indices that could be used for clinical diagnosis and is a useful tool for understanding metabolic implications under various physiological conditions. Although further improvements in analytical methods are needed, amino acids could be useful indicators for facilitating nutritional management of specific physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Quality Assurance and External Scientific Affairs Department, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Tokyo, Japan.
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Serum phenylalanine concentration as a marker of liver function in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2008; 19:883-9. [PMID: 18431611 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-008-9521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human obesity is associated with increased serum phenylalanine concentration, which is probably caused by liver dysfunction related to liver steatosis. This study examines whether improvements of liver function after bariatric surgery is associated with a decrease of serum phenylalanine concentration caused by an increase of phenylalanine metabolism. METHOD Serum phenylalanine and alanine aminotransferase (an independent predictor of liver steatosis) concentrations as well as several parameters related to obesity were measured in 16 obese patients (seven men and nine women) before and 6 months after vertical banded gastroplasty. Ten (six men and four women) lean, healthy subjects served as controls. RESULTS Obese patients before surgery had approximately twofold higher serum phenylalanine concentration than control subjects. The serum phenylalanine concentration decreased 6 months after bariatric surgery. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration was higher in obese patients before surgery, and decreased 6 months after bariatric surgery. Changes in serum phenylalanine concentration correlated positively with changes of ALT concentration (r = 0.75; p < 0.001). The body weight, BMI, HOMA-IR, serum triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol/HLD-cholesterol ratio, leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were higher in obese patients, and decreased 6 months after bariatric surgery. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was lower in obese patients before surgery than in control subjects and increased 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSION Results obtained indicate that bariatric surgery-induced weight loss had beneficial effects on several laboratory parameters including serum phenylalanine, ALT, lipid concentrations and insulin resistance. A strong positive correlation between serum phenylalanine and serum ALT concentrations suggests that deterioration of liver function in obese patients is contributing to a decrease in phenylalanine metabolism and consequently to the increase of serum phenylalanine concentration. One can suppose that serum phenylalanine concentration could be noninvasive marker of liver dysfunction associated with liver steatosis in obese patients.
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Sörös P, Böttcher J, Weissenborn K, Selberg O, Müller MJ. Malnutrition and hypermetabolism are not risk factors for the presence of hepatic encephalopathy: a cross-sectional study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:606-10. [PMID: 18005013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. The present retrospective investigation was conducted to characterize metabolic alterations in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy. We tested the hypothesis that reduced nutritional status or the degree of tissue catabolism are associated with the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. METHODS We investigated 223 patients with histologically confirmed nonalcoholic cirrhosis without hepatic encephalopathy and with hepatic encephalopathy (grades 1-3). To assess liver function, nutritional status, and energy metabolism, a variety of biochemical and clinical tests were performed including anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Nutritional status and tissue catabolism were not significantly different between patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support the hypothesis that malnutrition or tissue catabolism are independent risk factors for the presence of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sörös
- Department of Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Neumann S, Welling H, Thuere S. Evaluation of Serum L-phenylalanine Concentration as Indicator of Liver Disease in Dogs: A Pilot Study. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 43:193-200. [PMID: 17615399 DOI: 10.5326/0430193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Because essential amino acids are metabolized in the liver, liver diseases may impair their catabolism. In this study, serum L-phenylalanine concentrations in 28 dogs with liver diseases were compared with those of 28 healthy dogs and 13 dogs with nonhepatic diseases. Dogs with liver diseases had significantly increased L-phenylalanine serum concentrations compared to healthy dogs (P<0.001) and to those with nonhepatic diseases (P<0.01). There were no significant differences among the L-phenylalanine serum concentrations of dogs with different degrees of liver diseases. The sensitivity and specificity of L-phenylalanine to fasting bile acids were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Neumann
- Small Animal Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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35
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Shikata N, Maki Y, Noguchi Y, Mori M, Hanai T, Takahashi M, Okamoto M. Multi-layered network structure of amino acid (AA) metabolism characterized by each essential AA-deficient condition. Amino Acids 2006; 33:113-21. [PMID: 17031477 PMCID: PMC7088186 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of free amino acids in plasma change coordinately and their profiles show distinctive features in various physiological conditions; however, their behavior can not always be explained by the conventional flow-based metabolic pathway network. In this study, we have revealed the interrelatedness of the plasma amino acids and inferred their network structure with threshold-test analysis and multilevel-digraph analysis methods using the plasma samples of rats which are fed diet deficient in single essential amino acid. In the inferred network, we could draw some interesting interrelations between plasma amino acids as follows: 1) Lysine is located at the top control level and has effects on almost all of the other plasma amino acids. 2) Threonine plays a role in a hub in the network, which has direct links to the most number of other amino acids. 3) Threonine and methionine are interrelated to each other and form a loop structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shikata
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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36
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Noguchi Y, Zhang QW, Sugimoto T, Furuhata Y, Sakai R, Mori M, Takahashi M, Kimura T. Network analysis of plasma and tissue amino acids and the generation of an amino index for potential diagnostic use. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:513S-519S. [PMID: 16470023 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.513s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies exist on the use of metabolic profiling of amino acids to examine underlying physiologic and disease states. OBJECTIVE We aimed to introduce a new method for studying relations among amino acids and to generate a diagnostic index, or amino index, based on amino acid concentrations. DESIGN For network analysis, 35 Fischer-344 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups and fed diets containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 50%, or 70% protein. Amino acid concentrations in plasma and various organs were used to derive correlation coefficients that were then used to construct correlation networks. To build a diagnostic index for diabetic rats, the plasma amino acid concentrations of diabetic and normal rats were analyzed by using a novel algorithm developed to generate amino acid-based indexes. Plasma amino acid concentrations from human growth hormone transgenic rats and insulin-treated diabetic rats were used to evaluate the index obtained for diabetes. Dimethylnitrosamine-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were used to generate an index for hepatic fibrosis. RESULTS The scatter plots of plasma amino acid concentrations showed distinct patterns in different organs that were due to the different protein contents of the diets. Network analysis showed that data-driven networks for blood and tissue could be obtained. We derived a diagnostic index for the discrimination of diabetic rats with both sensitivity and specificity >97% and another surrogate index for liver hydroxyproline with a correlation of r2= 0.85. CONCLUSIONS Correlation-based network analysis may help to uncover specific physiologic conditions or states. A novel approach using amino acid molar ratios was shown to generate indexes that can be used to separate animal disease models and monitor the progression of a disease parameter. Some of the methods described here may be applicable to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Noguchi
- Research Institute for Health Fundamentals, Ajinomoto Company Inc, Kanagawa, Japan
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37
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Abstract
BCAAs are not synthesized in the body in humans, but they are crucial in protein and neurotransmitter synthesis. The protein anabolic role of BCAAs seems to be mediated not only by their important role as a promoter of the translation process (and possibly acting at the transcription level) but also by inhibition of protein degradation. Leucine may play a critical role in these signaling pathways. Supplementation with BCAAs spares lean body mass during weight loss, promotes wound healing, may decrease muscle wasting with aging, and may have beneficial effects in renal and liver disease. BCAA supplementation is extensively used in the athletic field with the assumption of improved performance and muscle mass. Measuring serum BCAAs has limited clinical utility beyond the controlled setting because levels are affected by a variety of clinical states, and optimal levels in these scenarios have not been completely elucidated. We discuss the effects diet, hormones, stress, aging, and renal or liver dysfunction have on BCAA levels and how understanding the biological effects of BCAAs may help to develop biomarkers of BCAA status. We also discuss potential biomarkers of BCAA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tom
- Endocrinology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Avila MA, García-Trevijano ER, Martínez-Chantar ML, Latasa MU, Pérez-Mato I, Martínez-Cruz LA, del Pino MM, Corrales FJ, Mato JM. S-Adenosylmethionine revisited: its essential role in the regulation of liver function. Alcohol 2002; 27:163-7. [PMID: 12163144 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-8329(02)00228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine is mainly metabolized in the liver where it is converted into S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the main biologic methyl donor. This reaction is catalyzed by methionine adenosyltransferase I/III (MAT I/III), the product of MAT1A gene, which is exclusively expressed in this organ. It was first observed that serum methionine levels were elevated in experimental models of liver damage and in liver cirrhosis in human beings. Results of further studies showed that this pathological alteration was due to reduced MAT1A gene expression and MAT I/III enzyme inactivation associated with liver injury. Synthesis of AdoMet is essential to all cells in the organism, but it is in the liver where most of the methylation reactions take place. The central role played by AdoMet in cellular function, together with the observation that AdoMet administration reduces liver damage caused by different agents and improves survival of alcohol-dependent patients with cirrhosis, led us to propose that alterations in methionine metabolism could play a role in the onset of liver disease and not just be a consequence of it. In the present work, we review the recent findings that support this hypothesis and highlight the mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective role of AdoMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiías A Avila
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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