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Sarabi PZ, Moradi M, Bagheri M, Khalili MR, Moradifard S, Jamialahmadi T, Ghasemi F, Sahebkar A. A Contemporary Review on the Critical Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:559-570. [PMID: 38275052 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206271583231206052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are widely recognized as effective pain relievers and function by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COXs). Moreover, they have been found to participate in various cellular processes through different signaling pathways, such as WNT, MAPK, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. This makes them potential candidates for chemoprevention of several malignancies, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the use of NSAIDs in cancer prevention and treatment is a complex issue due to their adverse effects and gastrointestinal toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to explore combination therapies that can minimize side effects while maximizing synergistic effects with other agents and to evaluate the success rate of such approaches in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of NSAIDs in the prevention and treatment of CRC. We will focus on elucidating the possible mechanisms of action of these drugs, the signaling pathways involved in CRC, and the potential synergistic effects when combined with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zia Sarabi
- Laboratorio de Psicobiología, Campus Santiago Ramón y Cajal, University of Sevilla, 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khalili
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Moradifard
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Oh S, Oh HW, Lee HR, Yoon SY, Oh SR, Ko YE, Yoo N, Jeong J, Kim JW. Ingenane-type diterpene compounds from Euphorbia kansui modulate IFN-γ production through NF-κB activation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2635-2640. [PMID: 26282882 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Euphorbia kansui, a traditional medical herb, has been shown to have anti-tumour and anti-viral activities. Previously, we have reported that E. kansui increases interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in natural killer (NK) cells. However, it is not clear how E. kansui regulates IFN-γ secretion by NK cells. RESULTS In this study, E. kansui was separated into six individual compounds from the same chloroform fraction so that the activity of each compound could be compared. E. kansui compounds induced IFN-γ secretion through the phosphorylation of protein kinase D and IκB kinase pathways. Furthermore, E. kansui compounds activated the translocation of p65, a sub-unit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), to the nucleus and induced NF-κB at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that E. kansui enhances IFN-γ secretion through the NF-κB pathway in NK cells. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Oh
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Oh
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Reum Lee
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon, 305-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Researach Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Ko
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nina Yoo
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Jeong
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Sharma RK, Otsuka M, Gaba G, Mehta S. Inhibitors of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κβ)-DNA binding. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Schrör K. Pharmacology and cellular/molecular mechanisms of action of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs in colorectal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 25:473-84. [PMID: 22122764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenomas have in common a dysfunctional adenomatous polyposis coli suppressor gene (APC). This allows for activation of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway, resulting in cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, its translocation to the nucleus and action as a cofactor for stimulation of gene transcription. Pharmacological approaches of CRC-chemoprevention are focused to prevention of this β-catenin-mediated oncogenic signalling. Among upregulated genes in tumour tissue is COX-2 which synthesises large amounts of PGE(2). PGE(2) inhibits apoptosis, acts proinflammatory and immunosuppressive and stimulates tumour angiogenesis and proliferation. In addition, COX-2 causes oxidation (activation) of cocarcinogens. Aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs inhibit COX-2, subsequent PGE(2) formation and action by transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. These also include inhibition of generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate, an amplifier of these reactions and stimulation of NSAID-induced gene (NAG-1) which acts as an inhibitor. Aspirin additionally acetylates COX-2, resulting in generation of 'aspirin-triggered' lipoxins (ATL), a new class of anti-inflammatory/antitumour compounds. COX-1 inhibition might also contribute to antitumour effects of aspirin, for example at low-dose aspirin. Experimental evidence suggests additional COX independent actions of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs on oncogenic signalling. This includes modifications of transcription factors (NFκB), induction of apoptosis and DNA stabilization. In comparison to non-aspirin NSAIDs (sulindac, indomethacin) and coxibs (celecoxib), aspirin has the advantage of concomitant antiplatelet effects while NSAIDs rather have a thrombogenic potential. Though these actions of aspirin have to be balanced against an increased bleeding tendency, aspirin is currently the most attractive candidate for clinical CRC chemoprevention. Open questions, such as dose, (minimum) duration of treatment and the individual risk/benefit ratio are subjects of prospective randomized trials which are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Schrör
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Montes-Sánchez D, Ventura JL, Mitre I, Frías S, Michán L, Espejel-Nuñez A, Vadillo-Ortega F, Zentella A. Glycosylated VCAM-1 isoforms revealed in 2D western blots of HUVECs treated with tumoral soluble factors of breast cancer cells. BMC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2009; 9:7. [PMID: 19930605 PMCID: PMC2787495 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6769-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Several common aspects of endothelial phenotype, such as the expression of cell adhesion molecules, are shared between metastasis and inflammation. Here, we analyzed VCAM-1 variants as biological markers of these two types of endothelial cell activation. With the combination of 2-DE and western blot techniques and the aid of tunicamycin, we analyzed N-glycosylation variants of VCAM-1 in primary human endothelial cells stimulated with either TNF or tumoral soluble factors (TSF's) derived from the human breast cancer cell line ZR75.30. Results Treatments induced a pro-adhesive endothelial phenotype. 2D western blots analysis of cells subjected to both treatments revealed the expression of the two known VCAM-1 isoforms and of previously unknown isoforms. In particular TSFZR75.30 induced an isoform with a relative molecular mass (Mr) and isoelectric point (pI) of 75-77 kDa and 5.0, respectively. Conclusion The unknown isoforms of VCAM-1 that were found to be overexpressed after treatment with TSF's compared with TNF, could serve as biomarkers to discriminate between inflammation and metastasis. 2D western blots revealed three new VCAM-1 isoforms expressed in primary human endothelial cells in response to TSF stimulation. Each of these isoforms varies in Mr and pI and could be the result of differential glycosylation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delina Montes-Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Interior apartado postal 70228, CP04510, México DF.
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Haddad JJ. Hypoxia and the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases: gene transcription and the assessment of potential pharmacologic therapeutic interventions. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:1249-85. [PMID: 15313426 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2004] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is an environmental/developmental signal that regulates cellular energetics, growth, and differentiation processes. Despite its central role in nearly all higher life processes, the molecular mechanisms for sensing oxygen levels and the pathways involved in transducing this information are still being elucidated. Altering gene expression is the most fundamental and effective way for a cell to respond to extracellular signals and/or changes in its microenvironment. During development, the expression of specific sets of genes is regulated spatially (by position/morphogenetic gradients) and temporally, presumably via the sensing of molecular oxygen available within the microenvironment. Regulation of signaling responses is governed by transcription factors that bind to control regions (consensus sequences) of target genes and alter their expression in response to specific signals. Complex signal transduction during hypoxia (deficiency of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood and/or in tissues) involves the coupling of ligand-receptor interactions to many intracellular events. These events basically include phosphorylations by tyrosine kinases and/or serine/threonine kinases, such as those of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a superfamily of kinases responsive to stress nonhomeostatic conditions. Protein phosphorylations imposed during hypoxia change enzyme activities and protein conformations, and the eventual outcome is rather complex, comprising of an alteration in cellular activity and changes in the programming of genes expressed within the responding cells. These molecular changes serve as signals that are crucial for cell survival under contingent conditions imposed during hypoxia. This review correlates current concepts of hypoxic sensing pathways with hypoxia-related phosphorylation mechanisms mediated by MAPKs via the genetic and pharmacologic regulation/manipulation of specific transcription factors and related cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Haddad
- Severinghaus-Radiometer Research Laboratories, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Haddad JJ. Mitogen-activated protein kinases and the evolution of Alzheimer's: a revolutionary neurogenetic axis for therapeutic intervention? Prog Neurobiol 2004; 73:359-77. [PMID: 15312913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2002] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurogenetic condition that affects the processes via which the brain functions. Major observable hallmarks of AD are accumulated clusters of proteins in the brain. These clusters, termed neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), resemble pairs of threads wound around each other in a helix fashion accumulating within neurons. These tangles consist of a protein called Tau, which binds to tubulin, thus forming microtubules. Unlike NFTs, deposits of amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) gather in the spaces between nerve cells. The nearby neurons often look swollen and deformed, and the clusters of protein are usually accompanied by reactive inflammatory cells, microglia, which are part of the brain's immune system responsible for degrading and removing damaged neurons or plaques. Since phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms are crucial in the regulation of Tau and beta-APP, a superfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) has recently emerged as key regulators of the formation of plagues, eventually leading to dementia and AD. The complex molecular interactions between MAPKs and proteins (plagues) associated with the evolution of AD form a cornerstone in the knowledge of a still burgeoning field of neurodegenerative diseases and ageing. This review overviews current understanding of the molecular pathways related to MAPKs and their role in the development of AD and, possibly, dementia. MAPKs, therefore, may constitute a neurogenetic, therapeutic target for the diagnosis and evolution of a preventative medical strategy for early detection, and likely treatment, of Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Haddad
- Severinghaus-Radiometer Research Laboratories, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Witt CM, Won WJ, Hurez V, Klug CA. Notch2 haploinsufficiency results in diminished B1 B cells and a severe reduction in marginal zone B cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2783-8. [PMID: 12960298 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated a role for Notch in the generation of marginal zone (MZ) B cells. To further investigate the role of Notch in the B cell lineage, we have analyzed the effects of reduced Notch2 signaling in mice expressing one functional allele of Notch2 (Notch2(+/-)). Notch2(+/-) mice have reduced B1 B cells of the peritoneal cavity and show a severe reduction in MZ B cells of the spleen. The reduction in MZ B cells was not due to the disruption of splenic architecture, disregulated terminal differentiation, nor to increased apoptosis within the MZ B cell compartment. Rather, our data suggest that Notch2 haploinsufficiency leads to impaired development of MZ B cells, possibly by impacting the formation of immediate MZ B precursors. These results provide evidence that Notch2 plays a determining role in the development and/or the maintenance of B1 B and MZ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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MacDonald N, Easson AM, Mazurak VC, Dunn GP, Baracos VE. Understanding and managing cancer cachexia. J Am Coll Surg 2003; 197:143-61. [PMID: 12831935 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(03)00382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil MacDonald
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Gerald Bronfman Centre for Clinical Research in Oncology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Haddad JJ, Saadé NE, Safieh-Garabedian B. Interleukin-10 and the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases: are these signalling modules targets for the anti-inflammatory action of this cytokine? Cell Signal 2003; 15:255-67. [PMID: 12531424 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The many specific, yet overlapping and redundant activities of individual cytokines have been the basis for current concepts of therapeutical intervention. Cytokines are powerful two-edged weapons that can trigger a cascade of reactions and may show activities that often go beyond the single highly specific property that it is hoped they possess. Nevertheless, it can be stated that our new, though burgeoning, understanding of the biological mechanisms governing cytokine actions is an important contribution to medical knowledge. The crucial role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10, in regulating potential molecular pathway mediating injury and cell death has attracted paramount attention in recent years. In this respect, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) components have emerged as potential signalling cascades that regulate a plethora of cell functions, including inflammation and cell death. The biochemistry and molecular biology of cytokine actions, particularly IL-10, explain some well known and sometimes also some of the more obscure clinical aspects of the evolution of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Haddad
- Severinghaus-Radiometer Research Laboratories, Molecular Neuroscience Research Division, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California at San Francisco, School of Medicine, 94143-0542, USA.
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