Banakis Hartl RM, Jenkins HA. Implantable Hearing Aids: Where are we in 2020?
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020;
5:1184-1191. [PMID:
33364411 PMCID:
PMC7752069 DOI:
10.1002/lio2.495]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beginning in the late 20th century, implantable hearing aids were developed and used as an alternative for individuals who were unable to tolerate conventional hearing aids. Since that time, several devices have been developed, with four currently remaining on the international market (Med-el Vibrant Soundbridge, Envoy Esteem, Ototronix MAXUM, and Cochlear Carina). This review will briefly examine the history of middle ear implant development, describe current available devices, evaluate the benefits and limits of the technology, and consider the future directions of research in the field of implantable hearing aids.
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