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Wang G, Wang X, Cheng H, Li H, Qin Z, Zheng F, Ye X, Sun B. Application of electroencephalogram (EEG) in the study of the influence of different contents of alcohol and Baijiu on brain perception. Food Chem 2024; 462:140969. [PMID: 39197245 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages flavour is complex and unique with different alcohol content, and the application of flavour perception could improve the objectivity of flavour evaluation. This study utilized electroencephalogram (EEG) to assess brain reactions to alcohol percentages (5 %-53 %) and Baijiu's complex flavours. The findings demonstrate the brain's proficiency in discerning between alcohol concentrations, evidenced by increasing physiological signal strength in tandem with alcohol content. When contrasted with alcohol solutions of equivalent concentrations, Baijiu prompts a more significant activation of brain signals, underscoring EEG's capability to detect subtleties due to flavour complexity. Additionally, the study reveals notable correlations, with δ and α wave intensities escalating in response to alcohol stimulation, coupled with substantial activation in the frontal, parietal, and right temporal regions. These insights verify the efficacy of EEG in charting the brain's engagement with alcoholic flavours, setting the stage for more detailed exploration into the neural encoding of these sensory experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangnan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zihan Qin
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Naghdabadi Z, Jahed M. Heterogeneous correlate and potential diagnostic biomarker of tinnitus based on nonlinear dynamics of resting-state EEG recordings. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290563. [PMID: 38166014 PMCID: PMC10760901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a heterogeneous condition of hearing a rattling sound when there is no auditory stimulus. This rattling sound is associated with abnormal synchronous oscillations in auditory and non-auditory cortical areas. Since tinnitus is a highly heterogeneous condition with no objective detection criteria, it is necessary to search for indicators that can be compared between and within participants for diagnostic purposes. This study introduces heterogeneous though comparable indicators of tinnitus through investigation of spontaneous fluctuations in resting-state brain dynamics. The proposed approach uses nonlinear measures of chaos theory, to detect tinnitus and cross correlation patterns to reflect many of the previously reported neural correlates of tinnitus. These indicators may serve as effective measures of tinnitus risk even at early ages before any symptom is reported. The approach quantifies differences in oscillatory brain dynamics of tinnitus and normal subjects. It demonstrates that the left temporal areas of subjects with tinnitus exhibit larger lyapunov exponent indicating irregularity of brain dynamics in these regions. More complex dynamics is further recognized in tinnitus cases through entropy. We use this evidence to distinguish tinnitus patients from normal participants. Besides, we illustrate that certain anticorrelation patterns appear in these nonlinear measures across temporal and frontal areas in the brain perhaps corresponding to increased/decreased connectivity in certain brain networks and a shift in the balance of excitation and inhibition in tinnitus. Additionally, the main correlations are lost in tinnitus participants compared to control group suggesting involvement of distinct neural mechanisms in generation and persistence of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Naghdabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Jahed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Kim J, Nam S, Kim DH, Lee SK, Jung HW, Kim CH, Chang JG, Roh D. Frontal EEG response to alcohol craving elicited by individually tailored video cues. Alcohol 2023; 112:1-7. [PMID: 37225110 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most findings on the pathophysiology of alcoholism are based on studies using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG). There are few studies on cue-induced craving and on its utility as an electrophysiological index. We examined quantitative EEG (qEEG) activities in alcoholics and social drinkers exposed to video cues and compared their association with subjective alcohol craving and other related psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and depression. METHODS This is a between-subjects design. Adult male alcoholics (n = 34) and healthy social drinkers (n = 33) participated. In a laboratory, EEGs were recorded while the participants were presented with craving-inducing video stimuli. Measures used were the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for subjective alcohol craving, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ), Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. RESULTS One-way analysis of covariance with age showed that alcoholics had significantly increased beta activity in the right DLPFC region (F4) (F = 4.029, p = 0.049), compared to social drinkers when craving-inducing stimuli were presented. Beta activity at the F4 electrode was positively correlated with AUQ (r = .284, p = 0.021), BAI (r = .398, p = 0.001), BDI (r = .291, p = 0.018), and changes in VAS (r = .292, p = 0.017) scores in both alcoholics and social drinkers. In alcoholics, beta activity was significantly correlated with BAI (r = .392, p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS These findings imply functional importance of hyperarousal and negative emotions upon exposure to craving-inducing cues. Frontal EEG indices with beta power could serve as an objective electrophysiological index of craving induced by individually tailored video cues in alcohol consumption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheon Kim
- Mind-neuromodulation Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Nam
- Mind-neuromodulation Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Mind-neuromodulation Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Mind-neuromodulation Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Wool Jung
- Mind-neuromodulation Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioural Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhin Goo Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Myongi Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Daeyoung Roh
- Mind-neuromodulation Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Xie JY, Li RH, Yuan W, Du J, Zhou DS, Cheng YQ, Xu XM, Liu H, Yuan TF. Advances in neuroimaging studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD). PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2022; 2:146-155. [PMID: 38665276 PMCID: PMC11003430 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a worldwide problem and the most common substance use disorder. Chronic alcohol consumption may have negative effects on the body, the mind, the family, and even society. With the progress of current neuroimaging methods, an increasing number of imaging techniques are being used to objectively detect brain impairment induced by alcoholism and serve a vital role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment assessment of AUD. This article organizes and analyzes the research on alcohol dependence concerning the main noninvasive neuroimaging methods, structural magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography, as well as the most common noninvasive brain stimulation - transcranial magnetic stimulation, and intersperses the article with joint intra- and intergroup studies, providing an outlook on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yu Xie
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzho 325000, Zhejiangu, China
| | - Rui-Hua Li
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Qi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Ming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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Ghiţă A, Hernández-Serrano O, Fernández-Ruiz Y, Monras M, Ortega L, Mondon S, Teixidor L, Gual A, Porras-García B, Ferrer-García M, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J. Cue-Elicited Anxiety and Alcohol Craving as Indicators of the Validity of ALCO-VR Software: A Virtual Reality Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1153. [PMID: 31382353 PMCID: PMC6723764 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is part of a larger project aiming to develop a virtual reality (VR) software to be implemented as a clinical tool for patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The study is based on previous research in which we identified factors that elicit craving for alcohol in a sample of AUD patients, and which led to the development of a virtual reality software to be used in cue exposure treatments of alcohol use disorder (ALCO-VR). The main objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of ALCO-VR to elicit cue-induced craving and anxiety responses among social drinkers (SD) and AUD patients. Our secondary objective was to explore which responses (cue-induced craving or anxiety) can best differentiate between AUD patients and the SD group. METHOD Twenty-seven individuals (13 AUD patients and 14 SD) participated in this study after giving written informed consent. Their anxiety and alcohol craving levels were measured by different instruments at different stages of the procedure. The VR equipment consisted of Oculus Rift technology, and the software consisted of the ALCO-VR platform. RESULTS Our data indicate that the ALCO-VR software can elicit responses of anxiety and alcohol craving, especially in the group of AUD patients. The cue-induced anxiety response differentiated AUD patients and the SD group better than the cue-induced craving response. CONCLUSIONS The general interest in applying new technologies to the assessment and treatment of mental health disorders has led to the development of immersive real-life simulations based on the advantages of VR technology. Our study concluded that the ALCO-VR software can elicit anxiety and craving responses and that cue-induced anxiety responses can distinguish between AUD and SD groups better than cue-induced craving. The data on craving and anxiety were assessed consistently by different instruments. In addition, we consider that ALCO-VR is able to ecologically assess cue-induced anxiety and alcohol craving levels during exposure to VR alcohol-related environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ghiţă
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d' Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Fernández-Ruiz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d' Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Monras
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluisa Ortega
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Mondon
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Teixidor
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Gual
- Addictive Behaviors Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Porras-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d' Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ferrer-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d' Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d' Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
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Delta coherence in resting-state EEG predicts the reduction in cigarette craving after hypnotic aversion suggestions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2430. [PMID: 28546584 PMCID: PMC5445086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette craving is a key contributor of nicotine addiction. Hypnotic aversion suggestions have been used to help smoking cessation and reduce smoking relapse rates but its neural basis is poorly understood. This study investigated the underlying neural basis of hypnosis treatment for nicotine addiction with resting state Electroencephalograph (EEG) coherence as the measure. The sample consisted of 42 male smokers. Cigarette craving was measured by the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire. The 8-minute resting state EEG was recorded in baseline state and after hypnotic induction in the hypnotic state. Then a smoking disgust suggestion was performed. A significant increase in EEG coherence in delta and theta frequency, and significant decrease in alpha and beta frequency, between the baseline and the hypnotic state was found, which may reflect alterations in consciousness after hypnotic induction. More importantly, the delta coherence between the right frontal region and the left posterior region predicted cigarette craving reduction after hypnotic aversion suggestions. This suggests that the functional connectivity between these regions plays an important role in reducing cigarette cravings via hypnotic aversion suggestions. Thus, these brain regions may serve as an important target to treat nicotine addiction, such as stimulating these brain regions via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Support vector machine and fuzzy C-mean clustering-based comparative evaluation of changes in motor cortex electroencephalogram under chronic alcoholism. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 53:609-22. [PMID: 25773367 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the magnitude and spatial distribution of frequency spectrum in the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) were examined to address the problem of detecting alcoholism in the cerebral motor cortex. The EEG signals were recorded from chronic alcoholic conditions (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). Data were taken from motor cortex region and divided into five sub-bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta-1 and beta-2). Three methodologies were adopted for feature extraction: (1) absolute power, (2) relative power and (3) peak power frequency. The dimension of the extracted features is reduced by linear discrimination analysis and classified by support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy C-mean clustering. The maximum classification accuracy (88 %) with SVM clustering was achieved with the EEG spectral features with absolute power frequency on F4 channel. Among the bands, relatively higher classification accuracy was found over theta band and beta-2 band in most of the channels when computed with the EEG features of relative power. Electrodes wise CZ, C3 and P4 were having more alteration. Considering the good classification accuracy obtained by SVM with relative band power features in most of the EEG channels of motor cortex, it can be suggested that the noninvasive automated online diagnostic system for the chronic alcoholic condition can be developed with the help of EEG signals.
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Parvaz MA, Alia-Klein N, Woicik PA, Volkow ND, Goldstein RZ. Neuroimaging for drug addiction and related behaviors. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:609-24. [PMID: 22117165 PMCID: PMC3462350 DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the role of neuroimaging techniques in studying the emotional and cognitive-behavioral components of the addiction syndrome by focusing on the neural substrates subserving them. The phenomenology of drug addiction can be characterized by a recurrent pattern of subjective experiences that includes drug intoxication, craving, bingeing, and withdrawal with the cycle culminating in a persistent preoccupation with obtaining, consuming, and recovering from the drug. In the past two decades, imaging studies of drug addiction have demonstrated deficits in brain circuits related to reward and impulsivity. The current review focuses on studies employing positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate these behaviors in drug-addicted human populations. We begin with a brief account of drug addiction followed by a technical account of each of these imaging modalities. We then discuss how these techniques have uniquely contributed to a deeper understanding of addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Patricia A. Woicik
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 30 Bell Ave., Bldg. 490, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
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BALLI TUGCE, PALANIAPPAN RAMASWAMY. ON THE COMPLEXITY AND ENERGY ANALYSES IN EEG BETWEEN ALCOHOLIC AND CONTROL SUBJECTS DURING DELAYED MATCHING TO SAMPLE PARADIGM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1469026808002260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the electrophysiological differences between alcoholic and control subjects using two different approaches namely complexity and energy (power) analyses. The electroencephalogram data used in this study were recorded from 77 alcoholic and 44 control subjects while the subjects were performing delayed matching to sample object recognition task for three types of stimuli. These were a single stimulus and a second matching or nonmatching stimulus that followed the single stimulus after a delay. The experimental paradigm evokes object recognition, visual short-term memory, and decision-making abilities. The results indicated that all regions (i.e. frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital) in the brain exhibit more complexity and less energy for alcoholic subjects as compared to controls. When different visual stimuli pairs were compared among alcoholic and control subjects, the results from energy analysis showed groupwise differences in occipital and parietal regions. These results provide a strong indication on the impairment in brain's electrophysiological activity for alcoholic subjects due to a history of long-term alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- TUGCE BALLI
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - RAMASWAMY PALANIAPPAN
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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Müller-Oehring EM, Schulte T, Fama R, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Global-local interference is related to callosal compromise in alcoholism: a behavior-DTI association study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 33:477-89. [PMID: 19120053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visuospatial ability is a multifactorial process commonly impaired in chronic alcoholism. Identification of which features of visuospatial processing are affected and which are spared in alcoholism, however, has not been clearly determined. We used a global-local paradigm to assess component processes of visuospatial ability and MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine whether alcoholism-related microstructural degradation of the corpus callosum contributes to disruption of selective lateralized visuospatial and attention processes. METHODS A hierarchical letter paradigm was devised, where large global letters were composed of small local letters. The task required identification of target letters among distractors presented at global, local, both, or neither level. Attention was either selectively directed to global or local levels or divided between levels. Participants were 18 detoxified chronic alcoholics and 22 age-matched healthy controls. DTI provided quantitative assessment of the integrity of corpus callosal white matter microstructure. RESULTS Alcoholics generally had longer reaction times than controls but obtained similar accuracy scores. Both groups processed local targets faster than global targets and showed interference from targets at the unattended level. Alcoholics exhibited moderate compromise in selectively attending to the global level when the global stimuli were composed of local targets. Such local interference was less with longer abstinence. Callosal microstructural integrity compromise predicted degree of interference from stimulus incongruency in the alcoholic group. This relationship was not observed for lateral or third ventricular volumes, which are measures of nonspecific cortical volume deficits. CONCLUSION Global-local feature perception was generally spared in abstinent chronic alcoholics, but impairments were observed when directing attention to global features and when global and local information interfered at stimulus or response levels. Furthermore, the interference-callosal integrity relationship in alcoholics indicates that compromised visuospatial functions include those requiring bilateral integration of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5723, USA
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Quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) correlates of craving during virtual reality therapy in alcohol-dependent patients. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 91:393-7. [PMID: 18771681 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is an evolving technology that is being applied to treat a wide range of medical and psychiatric diseases. A virtual reality therapy (VRT) with multisensory stimulation has been applied to patients with alcohol dependence (ADP). We hypothesized that the VRTP for alcohol dependence would reduce the craving for alcohol and increase alpha wave activity in frontal areas of individuals with ADP. Twenty ADP and eighteen ADP were exposed to a series of 10 VRTP sessions (VRTP-ADP) and cognitive behavioral therapy (nVRTP-ADP), respectively. Fifteen healthy controls were exposed to VRTP for comparing the changes of craving and EEG during all three phases of VRTP. The VRTP-ADP exhibited a greater decrease in craving after the 10th VRTP session, when compared to the nVRTP-ADP. Compared to the healthy control subjects, VRTP-ADP group showed higher magnitude of the change in craving throughout VRTP sessions. These results suggest that VRTP may be useful as an adjunct to treating alcohol dependence but may also serve as an evaluation tool to identify high-risk patients.
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12
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Heinze M, Wölfling K, Grüsser SM. Cue-induced auditory evoked potentials in alcoholism. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:856-62. [PMID: 17307391 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conditioning processes may convert neutral stimuli to drug-associated stimuli and create an implicit drug memory. Previous studies showed specific psychophysiological reactions to alcohol-associated stimuli differentiating alcohol-dependent subjects from healthy controls. This was shown in evoked potentials using visual and olfactory alcohol-related stimuli. METHODS Our study examined the effects of complex alcohol-associated sounds in comparison to complex neutral sounds on electrophysiological event-related potentials and the self-report of craving. We assessed 10 detoxified alcoholics and 10 healthy controls in a cue-reactivity paradigm. RESULTS Detoxified alcoholics demonstrated significantly higher alcohol stimulus-induced late P300 and late positive complexes. Subjective baseline craving and stimulus-induced craving only differed significantly between groups in terms of the craving dimension "relief of withdrawal symptoms". CONCLUSIONS The results show that auditory stimuli attach importance to stimulus-induced craving in alcoholics. Therapeutic consequences will be discussed. SIGNIFICANCE The study examined for the first time the effects of alcohol-associated auditory stimuli on alcohol craving and identifies learning processes as underlying neural mechanisms which support the assumption of an implicit addiction memory in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heinze
- Klinikum Bremen-Ost, Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bremen, Germany
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13
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Stam CJ. Nonlinear dynamical analysis of EEG and MEG: review of an emerging field. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:2266-301. [PMID: 16115797 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many complex and interesting phenomena in nature are due to nonlinear phenomena. The theory of nonlinear dynamical systems, also called 'chaos theory', has now progressed to a stage, where it becomes possible to study self-organization and pattern formation in the complex neuronal networks of the brain. One approach to nonlinear time series analysis consists of reconstructing, from time series of EEG or MEG, an attractor of the underlying dynamical system, and characterizing it in terms of its dimension (an estimate of the degrees of freedom of the system), or its Lyapunov exponents and entropy (reflecting unpredictability of the dynamics due to the sensitive dependence on initial conditions). More recently developed nonlinear measures characterize other features of local brain dynamics (forecasting, time asymmetry, determinism) or the nonlinear synchronization between recordings from different brain regions. Nonlinear time series has been applied to EEG and MEG of healthy subjects during no-task resting states, perceptual processing, performance of cognitive tasks and different sleep stages. Many pathologic states have been examined as well, ranging from toxic states, seizures, and psychiatric disorders to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Cre1utzfeldt-Jakob's disease. Interpretation of these results in terms of 'functional sources' and 'functional networks' allows the identification of three basic patterns of brain dynamics: (i) normal, ongoing dynamics during a no-task, resting state in healthy subjects; this state is characterized by a high dimensional complexity and a relatively low and fluctuating level of synchronization of the neuronal networks; (ii) hypersynchronous, highly nonlinear dynamics of epileptic seizures; (iii) dynamics of degenerative encephalopathies with an abnormally low level of between area synchronization. Only intermediate levels of rapidly fluctuating synchronization, possibly due to critical dynamics near a phase transition, are associated with normal information processing, whereas both hyper-as well as hyposynchronous states result in impaired information processing and disturbed consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Guardia Serecigni J, Segura García L, Gonzalvo Cirac B, Trujols Albet J, Tejero Pociello A, Suárez González A, Martí Gil A. [Validation study of the Multidimensional Alcohol Craving Scale (MACS)]. Med Clin (Barc) 2004; 123:211-6. [PMID: 15282074 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(04)74463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Craving is a psychobiological phenomenon characteristic of addictive behaviours, which is difficult to assess due to its subjective nature and multidimensionality. The aim of this study was to validate a multidimensional alcohol craving scale (MACS) entirely developed in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD The validation of the MACS was based on an observational study, carried out in 452 alcohol-dependent patients treated with naltrexone. The scales used as standards were an Analogic Visual Scale (AVS) for alcohol craving and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Validity, reliability and sensitivity were studied for the validation process. RESULTS The factorial analysis (construct validity) showed that the scale had two factors: desire and behavioural disinhibition (lack of resistance). Their correlation values with the assessment scales were r = 0.56 and r = 0.50, respectively. The scale's internal consistency was alpha = 0.94. The correlation of the scores on the scale with the AVS oscillated between 0.56 and 0.46 (p < 0.01) throughout the course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The MACS has good psychometric properties: it measures two craving factors --desire and behavioural disinhibition-- and may be considered as an accurate and precise instrument to use in both research studies and medical and psychological clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Guardia Serecigni
- Unidad de Conductas Adictivas, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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