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Lu S, Zhao LJ, Chen XD, Papasian CJ, Wu KH, Tan LJ, Wang ZE, Pei YF, Tian Q, Deng HW. Bivariate genome-wide association analyses identified genetic pleiotropic effects for bone mineral density and alcohol drinking in Caucasians. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:649-658. [PMID: 28012008 PMCID: PMC5812284 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicated bone mineral density (BMD) and alcohol intake might share common genetic factors. The study aimed to explore potential SNPs/genes related to both phenotypes in US Caucasians at the genome-wide level. A bivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 2069 unrelated participants. Regular drinking was graded as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, representing drinking alcohol never, less than once, once or twice, three to six times, seven to ten times, or more than ten times per week respectively. Hip, spine, and whole body BMDs were measured. The bivariate GWAS was conducted on the basis of a bivariate linear regression model. Sex-stratified association analyses were performed in the male and female subgroups. In males, the most significant association signal was detected in SNP rs685395 in DYNC2H1 with bivariate spine BMD and alcohol drinking (P = 1.94 × 10-8). SNP rs685395 and five other SNPs, rs657752, rs614902, rs682851, rs626330, and rs689295, located in the same haplotype block in DYNC2H1 were the top ten most significant SNPs in the bivariate GWAS in males. Additionally, two SNPs in GRIK4 in males and three SNPs in OPRM1 in females were suggestively associated with BMDs (of the hip, spine, and whole body) and alcohol drinking. Nine SNPs in IL1RN were only suggestively associated with female whole body BMD and alcohol drinking. Our study indicated that DYNC2H1 may contribute to the genetic mechanisms of both spine BMD and alcohol drinking in male Caucasians. Moreover, our study suggested potential pleiotropic roles of OPRM1 and IL1RN in females and GRIK4 in males underlying variation of both BMD and alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St.Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiang-Ding Chen
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Ke-Hao Wu
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Jun Tan
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Er Wang
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St.Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St.Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Hsiao MC, Liu CY, Wang CJ. Factors associated with low bone density among women with major depressive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Med 2013; 44:77-90. [PMID: 23356095 DOI: 10.2190/pm.44.1.f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested that depression might be associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in women with depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the BMD of women with major depressive disorder and correlated factors. METHOD This prospective cross-sectional study explored the association between bone density and major depressive disorder in women. One hundred women diagnosed with major depressive disorder were enrolled. The diagnoses were made by board-certificated psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered. The bone density of the hip was measured with dual X-ray densitometry (DEXA) using a Hologic Delphi QDR-2000 densitometer. RESULTS We found age, family history of osteoporosis, consumption of coffee, and consumption of tea to be associated with low BMD in single-variate analysis. Depression was also related to BMD, in that the worse the depression, the lower the BMD. Multi-variate analysis by linear regression revealed an equation of BMD = 0.91 - 0.004 x (severity of depression) + 0.07 x (tea consumption)--0.06 x (family history of osteoporosis)--0.04 x age. CONCLUSION These results suggest that depression is associated with lower BMD, and the associated factors should be considered in depressive women. The findings of this research may be useful for improving the care of women with major depressive disorder in terms of developing appropriate and effective care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Hsiao
- Chang Gung Hospital and Chang-Gung University School of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan.
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Spence JP, Lai D, Shekhar A, Carr LG, Foroud T, Liang T. Quantitative trait locus for body weight identified on rat chromosome 4 in inbred alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats: potential implications for neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin releasing hormone 2. Alcohol 2013; 47:63-7. [PMID: 23312492 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rat lines were developed using bidirectional selective breeding for alcohol consumption (g/kg/day) and alcohol preference (water:ethanol ratio). During a preliminary study, we detected a difference in body weight between inbred P (iP) and inbred NP (iNP) rats that appeared to be associated with the transfer of the Chromosome 4 quantitative trait locus (QTL) seen in the P.NP and NP.P congenic strains. After the initial confirmation that iP rats displayed lower body weight when compared to iNP rats (data not shown), body weight and growth rates of each chromosome 4 reciprocal congenic rat strain (P.NP and NP.P) were measured, and their body weight was consistent with their respective donor strain phenotype, confirming that a quantitative trait locus for body weight mapped to the chromosome 4 interval. Utilizing the newly developed interval-specific congenic strains (ISCS-A and ISCS-B), the QTL interval was further narrowed identifying the following candidate genes of interest: neuropeptide Y (Npy), juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (Jazf1), corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 2 (Crfr2) and LanC lantibiotic synthetase component C-like 2 (Lancl2). These findings indicate that a biologically active variant(s) regulates body weight on rat chromosome 4 in iP and iNP rats. This QTL for body weight was successfully captured in the P.NP and NP.P congenic strains, and interval-specific congenic strains (ISCSs) were subsequently employed to fine-map the QTL interval identifying the following candidate genes of interest: Npy, Jazf1, Crfr2 and Lancl2. Both Npy and Crfr2 have been previously identified as candidate genes of interest underlying the chromosome 4 QTL for alcohol consumption in iP and iNP rats.
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Bice PJ, Liang T, Zhang L, Graves TJ, Carr LG, Lai D, Kimpel MW, Foroud T. Fine mapping and expression of candidate genes within the chromosome 10 QTL region of the high and low alcohol-drinking rats. Alcohol 2010; 44:477-85. [PMID: 20705418 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The high and low alcohol-drinking (HAD and LAD) rats were selectively bred for differences in alcohol intake. The HAD/LAD rats originated from the N/Nih heterogeneous stock developed from intercrossing eight inbred rat strains. The HAD×LAD F2 were genotyped, and a powerful analytical approach, using ancestral recombination and F2 recombination, was used to narrow a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for alcohol drinking to a 2-cM region on distal chromosome 10 that was in common in the HAD1/LAD1 and HAD2/LAD2 analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine mRNA expression of six candidate genes (Crebbp, Trap1, Gnptg, Clcn7, Fahd1, and Mapk8ip3) located within the narrowed QTL region in the HAD1/LAD1 rats. Expression was examined in five brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate putamen, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. All six genes showed differential expression in at least one brain region. Of the genes tested in this study, Crebbp and Mapk8ip3 may be the most promising candidates with regard to alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Bice
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Research and Library Building, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Alam I, Carr LG, Liang T, Liu Y, Edenberg HJ, Econs MJ, Turner CH. Identification of genes influencing skeletal phenotypes in congenic P/NP rats. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1314-25. [PMID: 20200994 PMCID: PMC3153136 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that alcohol-preferring (P) rats have higher bone density than alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats. Genetic mapping in P and NP rats identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) between 4q22 and 4q34 for alcohol preference. At the same location, several QTLs linked to bone density and structure were detected in Fischer 344 (F344) and Lewis (LEW) rats, suggesting that bone mass and strength genes might cosegregate with genes that regulate alcohol preference. The aim of this study was to identify the genes segregating for skeletal phenotypes in congenic P and NP rats. Transfer of the NP chromosome 4 QTL into the P background (P.NP) significantly decreased areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at several skeletal sites, whereas transfer of the P chromosome 4 QTL into the NP background (NP.P) significantly increased bone mineral content (BMC) and aBMD in the same skeletal sites. Microarray analysis from the femurs using Affymetrix Rat Genome arrays revealed 53 genes that were differentially expressed among the rat strains with a false discovery rate (FDR) of less than 10%. Nine candidate genes were found to be strongly correlated (r(2) > 0.50) with bone mass at multiple skeletal sites. The top three candidate genes, neuropeptide Y (Npy), alpha synuclein (Snca), and sepiapterin reductase (Spr), were confirmed using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed relationships among the candidate genes related to bone metabolism involving beta-estradiol, interferon-gamma, and a voltage-gated calcium channel. We identified several candidate genes, including some novel genes on chromosome 4 segregating for skeletal phenotypes in reciprocal congenic P and NP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imranul Alam
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lucinda G Carr
- Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Pharmacology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Econs
- Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Charles H Turner
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Reinwald S, Mayer LP, Hoyer PB, Turner CH, Barnes S, Weaver CM. A longitudinal study of the effect of genistein on bone in two different murine models of diminished estrogen-producing capacity. J Osteoporos 2009; 2010:145170. [PMID: 20948578 PMCID: PMC2951124 DOI: 10.4061/2010/145170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was designed to assess the capacity of dietary genistein (GEN), to attenuate bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) and ovary-intact VCD-treated mice. Pretreatment of mice with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) gradually and selectively destroys ovarian follicles whilst leaving ovarian androgen-producing cells largely intact. VCD induces a perimenopause-like condition prior to the onset of reproductive acyclicity. Sixteen-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomized to five treatment groups: sham(SHM), OVX, SHM + VCD, OVX + GEN, and SHM + VCD + GEN. In vivo, blood samples were drawn for hormone and isoflavone analyses, estrous cycles were monitored, and X-ray imaging was performed to assess changes in bone parameters. Following sacrifice, ovaries were assessed histologically, bone microarchitecture was evaluated via microcomputed tomography, and bone mechanical properties were measured. Some effects of GEN were observed in OVX mice, but GEN effects were not able to be evaluated in VCD-treated mice due to the subtle diminution of bone during the 4 months of this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Reinwald
- Department of Foods & Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 5045B, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120, USA,*Susan Reinwald:
| | - Loretta P. Mayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Patricia B. Hoyer
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Charles H. Turner
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202-3082, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Connie M. Weaver
- Department of Foods & Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Voluntary ethanol consumption in 22 inbred mouse strains. Alcohol 2008; 42:149-60. [PMID: 18358676 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inbred strains are genetically stable across time and laboratories, allowing scientists to accumulate a record of phenotypes, including physiological characteristics and behaviors. To date, the C57/C58 family of inbred mouse strains has been identified as having the highest innate ethanol consumption, but some lineages have rarely or never been surveyed. Thus, the purpose of the present experiment was to measure ethanol preference and intake in 22 inbred mouse strains, some of which have never been tested for ethanol consumption. Male and female mice (A/J, BALB/cByJ, BTBR+T(tf/tf), BUB/BnJ, C57BL/6J, C57BLKS/J, C58/J, CZECH/Ei, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, I/LnJ, LP/J, MA/MyJ, NOD/LtJ, NON/LtJ, NZB/B1NJ, NZW/LacJ, PERA/Ei, RIIIS/J, SEA/GnJ, SM/J, and 129S1/SvlmJ) were individually housed and given unlimited access in a two-bottle choice procedure to one bottle containing tap water and a second containing increasing concentrations of ethanol (3%, 6%, 10%), 0.2% saccharin, and then increasing concentrations of ethanol (3%, 6%, 10%) plus 0.2% saccharin. Mice were given access to each novel solution for a total of 4 days, with a bottle side change every other day. Consistent with previous studies, C57BL/6J (B6) mice consumed an ethanol dose of >10g/kg/day whereas DBA/2J (D2) mice consumed <2g/kg/day. No strain voluntarily consumed greater doses of ethanol than B6 mice. Although the C58 and C57BLKS strains showed high ethanol consumption levels that were comparable to B6 mice, the BUB and BTBR strains exhibited low ethanol intakes similar to D2 mice. The addition of 0.2% saccharin to the ethanol solutions significantly increased ethanol intake by most strains and altered the strain distribution pattern. Strong positive correlations (rs> or =0.83) were determined between consumption of the unsweetened versus sweetened ethanol solutions. Consumption of saccharin alone was significantly positively correlated with the sweetened ethanol solutions (rs=0.62-0.81), but the correlation with unsweetened ethanol solutions was considerably lower (rs=0.37-0.45). These results add new strains to the strain mean database that will facilitate the identification of genetic relationships between voluntary ethanol consumption, saccharin preference, and other phenotypes.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Knee loading is an anabolic loading modality that applies lateral loads to the knee. This study shows that loads applied to the proximal tibial epiphysis stimulate healing of surgically generated wounds in the tibial diaphysis. INTRODUCTION Wound healing is sensitive to mechanical stimulation such as various forms of stress and different magnitudes of strain. Knee loading has been shown to induce anabolic responses to murine tibias and femora when a strain of 10-20 mustrain is applied at the site of new bone formation. The object of this study was to address a question: does knee loading accelerate closure of open wounds in the tibia? MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-three C57/BL/6 female mice were used. A surgical wound (0.5 mm in diameter) was generated in the left tibia (loaded) and the right tibia (sham-loaded control). From the fourth postoperative day, knee loading was performed to the left knee with a custom-made piezoelectric loader for 3 min/d for 3 consecutive days. The peak-to-peak force was 0.5 N. Animals were killed 1, 2, or 3 wk after surgery, and the healing process was evaluated with muCT, pQCT, and bone histomorphometry with calcein labeling. RESULTS The measured strain was <20 mustrain with 0.5-N force regardless of the presence or absence of surgical wounds. Compared with sham-loaded controls, the results showed load-driven acceleration of wound healing. First, muCT data revealed that knee loading reduced the size of surgical wounds by 13% (p < 0.01; 1 wk), 25% (p < 0.001; 2 wk), and 15% (p < 0.01; 3 wk). Second, pQCT data indicated that total BMD and BMC and cortical BMD and BMC were significantly increased in the third postoperative week. Last, bone histomorphometry revealed that bone formation was stimulated from the site proximal (close to the knee) to the wound. CONCLUSIONS The reparative and remodeling phases of wound healing were enhanced by loads applied to the knee without inducing significant in situ strain at the site of wounds. Noninvasive knee loading might therefore be useful clinically to stimulate bone healing in the entire tibia along its length (including cast immobilized wounds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Qiwei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Charles H. Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Carr LG, Kimpel MW, Liang T, McClintick JN, McCall K, Morse M, Edenberg HJ. Identification of candidate genes for alcohol preference by expression profiling of congenic rat strains. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:1089-98. [PMID: 17451403 PMCID: PMC4455872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A highly significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4 that influenced alcohol preference was identified by analyzing crosses between the iP and iNP rats. Congenic strains in which the iP chromosome 4 QTL interval was transferred to the iNP (NP.P) exhibited the expected increase in alcohol consumption compared with the iNP background strain. This study was undertaken to identify genes in the chromosome 4 QTL interval that might contribute to the differences in alcohol consumption between the alcohol-naïve congenic and background strains. METHODS RNA from 5 brain regions from each of 6 NP.P and 6 iNP rats was labeled and analyzed separately on an Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 microarray to look for both cis-regulated and trans-regulated genes. Expression levels were normalized using robust multi-chip average (RMA). Differential gene expression was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Five individual brain regions (nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum) were analyzed to detect differential expression of genes within the introgressed QTL interval, as well as genes outside that region. To increase the power to detect differentially expressed genes, combined analyses (averaging data from the 5 discrete brain regions of each animal) were also carried out. RESULTS Analyses within individual brain regions that focused on genes within the QTL interval detected differential expression in all 5 brain regions; a total of 35 genes were detected in at least 1 region, ranging from 6 genes in the nucleus accumbens to 22 in the frontal cortex. Analysis of the whole genome detected very few differentially expressed genes outside the QTL. Combined analysis across brain regions was more powerful. Analysis focused on the genes within the QTL interval confirmed 19 of the genes detected in individual regions and detected 15 additional genes. Whole genome analysis detected 1 differentially expressed gene outside the interval. CONCLUSIONS Cis-regulated candidate genes for alcohol consumption were identified using microarray profiling of gene expression differences in congenic animals carrying a QTL for alcohol preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda G Carr
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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