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Li X, Xue X, Xie P. Smart Dressings and Their Applications in Chronic Wound Management. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01402-w. [PMID: 38969950 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
During chronic wound healing, the inflammatory phase can endure for extended periods, heavily impeding or halting the process. Regular inspections and dressing changes are crucial. Modern dressings like hydrogels, hydrocolloids, and foam provide protection and an optimal healing environment. However, they have limitations in offering real-time wound bed status and healing rate. Evaluation relies heavily on direct observation, and passive dressings fail to identify subtle healing differences, preventing adaptive adjustments in biological factors and drug concentrations. In recent years, the clinical field recognizes the value of integrating intelligent diagnostic tools into wound dressings. By monitoring biomarkers linked to chronic wounds' inflammatory state, real-time data can be captured, reducing medical interventions and enabling more effective treatment plans. This fosters innovation in chronic wound care. Researchers have developed smart dressings with sensing, active drug delivery, and self-adjustment capabilities. These dressings detect inflammatory markers like temperature, pH, and oxygen content, enhancing drug bioavailability on the wound surface. As wound healing technology evolves, these smart dressings hold immense potential in chronic wound care and treatment. This comprehensive review updates our understanding on the role and mechanism of action of the smart dressings in chronic refractory wounds by summarizing and discussing the latest research progresses, including the intelligent monitoring of wound oxygen content, temperature, humidity, pH, infection, and enzyme kinetics; intelligent drug delivery triggered by temperature, pH, near-infrared, and electricity; as well as the intelligent self-adjustment of pressure and shape. The review also delves into the constraints and future perspectives of smart dressings in clinical settings, thereby advancing the development of smart wound dressings for chronic wound healing and their practical application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Center for Cosmetic Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine), Lanzhou, 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Peilin Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Tian H, Liu C, Hao H, Wang X, Chen H, Ruan Y, Huang J. Recent advances in wearable flexible electronic skin: types, power supply methods, and development prospects. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1455-1492. [PMID: 38569070 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2334974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, wearable e-skin has emerged as a prominent technology with a wide range of applications in healthcare, health surveillance, human-machine interface, and virtual reality. Inspired by the properties of human skin, arrayed wearable e-skin is a novel technology that offers multifunctional sensing capabilities. It can detect and quantify various stimuli, mimicking the human somatosensory system, and record a wide range of physical and physiological parameters in real time. By combining flexible electronic device units with a data acquisition system, specific functional sensors can be distributed in targeted areas to achieve high sensitivity, resolution, adjustable sensing range, and large-area expandability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in wearable e-skin technology, including its development status, types of applications, power supply methods, and prospects for future development. The emphasis of current research is on enhancing the sensitivity and stability of sensors, improving the comfort and reliability of wearable devices, and developing intelligent data processing and application algorithms. This review aims to serve as a scientific reference for the intelligent development of wearable e-skin technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Tian
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Huimin Hao
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Yilei Ruan
- Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiahai Huang
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
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Kim SR, Lee S, Kim J, Kim E, Kil HJ, Yoo JH, Oh JH, Jeon J, Lee EI, Jeon JW, Jeon KH, Lee JH, Park JW. A fabric-based multifunctional sensor for the early detection of skin decubitus ulcers. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114555. [PMID: 35863135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring biosignals at the skin interface is necessary to suppress the potential for decubitus ulcers in immobile patients confined to bed. We develop conformally contacted, disposable, and breathable fabric-based electronic devices to detect skin impedance, applied pressure, and temperature, simultaneously. Based on the experimental evaluation of the multifunctional sensors, a combination of robust AgNW electrodes, soft ionogel capacitive pressure sensor, and resistive temperature sensor on fabric provides alarmed the initiation of early-stage decubitus ulcers without signal distortion under the external stimulus. For clinical verification, an animal model is established with a pair of magnets to mimic a human decubitus ulcers model in murine in vivo. The evidence of pressure-induced ischemic injury is confirmed with the naked eye and histological and molecular biomarker analyses. Our multifunctional integrated sensor detects the critical time for early-stage decubitus ulcer, establishing a robust correlation with the biophysical parameters of skin ischemia and integrity, including temperature and impedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Rok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Asen Company, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, 16995, South Korea
| | - Eunbin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Kil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Je-Heon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jiwan Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ey-In Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jun-Woo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kun-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Asen Company, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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