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Gao P, Khong HY, Mao W, Chen X, Bao L, Wen X, Xu Y. Tunicates as Sources of High-Quality Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds for Food/Feed and Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3684. [PMID: 37835337 PMCID: PMC10572860 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunicates are widely distributed worldwide and are recognized as abundant marine bioresources with many potential applications. In this review, state-of-the-art studies on chemical composition analyses of various tunicate species were summarized; these studies confirmed that tunicates contain nutrients similar to fish (such as abundant cellulose, protein, and ω-3 fatty acid (FA)-rich lipids), indicating their practical and feasible uses for food or animal feed exploration. However, the presence of certain toxic elements should be evaluated in terms of safety. Moreover, recent studies on bioactive substances extracted from tunicates (such as toxins, sphingomyelins, and tunichromes) were analyzed, and their biological properties were comprehensively reviewed, including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, some insights and prospects for the future exploration of tunicates are provided which are expected to guide their further application in the food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical industries. This review is critical to providing a new pathway for converting the common pollution issues of hydroponic nutrients into valuable marine bioresources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Gao
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Heng Yen Khong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Wenhui Mao
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China (Y.X.)
| | - Lingxiang Bao
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China (Y.X.)
| | - Xinru Wen
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China (Y.X.)
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2
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Aqueous Extract of Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with Potent Activity against Human Cancer Cells Acts Synergistically with Doxorubicin. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050284. [PMID: 35621935 PMCID: PMC9143001 DOI: 10.3390/md20050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ascidian is becoming one of the main sources of an antitumor drug that has shown high bioactivity and extensive application in cancer treatment. Halocynthia roretzi, an edible marine sea squirt, has been demonstrated to have various kinds of biological activities, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, and enhancing immunity. In this study, we reported that aqueous extracts from the edible parts of H. roretzi presented significantly inhibiting the efficiency on HepG-2 cell viability. The separate mixed compound exhibited strong effects of inhibitory proliferation and induced apoptosis via the generation of ROS along with the concurrent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential on tumor cells. Furthermore, we found that there existed a significantly synergistic effect of the ascidian-extracted compound mixture with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. In the presence of the extracts from H. roretzi, the dose of doxorubicin at the cellular level could be reduced by a half dose. The extracts were further divided by semipreparative-HPLC and the active ingredients were identified as a mixture of fatty amide, which was composed of hexadecanamide, stearamide, and erucamide by UHPLC-MS/MS. Our results suggest that the potential toxicity of ascidian H. roretzi in tumor cells, and the compounds extracted from H. roretzi could be potentially utilized on functional nutraceuticals or as an adjunct in combination with chemotherapy.
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Gao G, Wang Y, Hua H, Li D, Tang C. Marine Antitumor Peptide Dolastatin 10: Biological Activity, Structural Modification and Synthetic Chemistry. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:363. [PMID: 34202685 PMCID: PMC8303260 DOI: 10.3390/md19070363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolastatin 10 (Dol-10), a leading marine pentapeptide isolated from the Indian Ocean mollusk Dolabella auricularia, contains three unique amino acid residues. Dol-10 can effectively induce apoptosis of lung cancer cells and other tumor cells at nanomolar concentration, and it has been developed into commercial drugs for treating some specific lymphomas, so it has received wide attention in recent years. In vitro experiments showed that Dol-10 and its derivatives were highly lethal to common tumor cells, such as L1210 leukemia cells (IC50 = 0.03 nM), small cell lung cancer NCI-H69 cells (IC50 = 0.059 nM), and human prostate cancer DU-145 cells (IC50 = 0.5 nM), etc. With the rise of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), milestone progress was made in clinical research based on Dol-10. A variety of ADCs constructed by combining MMAE or MMAF (Dol-10 derivatives) with a specific antibody not only ensured the antitumor activity of the drugs themself but also improved their tumor targeting and reduced the systemic toxicity. They are currently undergoing clinical trials or have been approved for marketing, such as Adcetris®, which had been approved for the treatment of anaplastic large T-cell systemic malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Dol-10, as one of the most medically valuable natural compounds discovered up to now, has brought unprecedented hope for tumor treatment. It is particularly noteworthy that, by modifying the chemical structure of Dol-10 and combining with the application of ADCs technology, Dol-10 as a new drug candidate still has great potential for development. In this review, the biological activity and chemical work of Dol-10 in the advance of antitumor drugs in the last 35 years will be summarized, which will provide the support for pharmaceutical researchers interested in leading exploration of antitumor marine peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Gao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Yanbing Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Chunlan Tang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China;
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Rumengan IFM, Roring VIY, Haedar JR, Siby MS, Luntungan AH, Kolondam BJ, Uria AR, Wakimoto T. Ascidian-associated photosymbionts from Manado, Indonesia: secondary metabolites, bioactivity simulation, and biosynthetic insight. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oza J, Doshi SD, Hao L, Musi E, Schwartz GK, Ingham M. Homologous recombination repair deficiency as a therapeutic target in sarcoma. Semin Oncol 2020; 47:380-389. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Patra S, Praharaj PP, Panigrahi DP, Panda B, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Jena M, Sethi G, Patil S, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Bioactive compounds from marine invertebrates as potent anticancer drugs: the possible pharmacophores modulating cell death pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7209-7228. [PMID: 32797349 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine invertebrates are extremely diverse, largely productive, untapped oceanic resources with chemically unique bioactive lead compound contributing a wide range of screening for the discovery of anticancer compounds. The lead compounds have unfurled an extensive array of pharmacological properties owing to the presence of polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids and other secondary metabolites. The antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities exhibited, are possibly regulated by the apoptosis induction, scavenging of ROS and modulation of cellular signaling pathways to defy the cellular deafness during carcinogenesis. Despite the enriched bioactive compounds, the marine invertebrates are largely unexplored as identification, screening, pre-clinical and clinical assessment of lead compounds and their synthetic analogs remain a major task to be solved. In the current review, we focus on the principle strategy and underlying mechanisms deployed by the bioactive anticancer compounds derived from marine invertebrates to combat cancer with special insight into the cell death mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Biswajit Panda
- College of Basic Science & Humanities OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- PG Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India. .,Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Pávek P. Marine Ligands of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): An Overview. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100554. [PMID: 31569349 PMCID: PMC6836225 DOI: 10.3390/md17100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor which binds many structurally different molecules. The receptor is able to regulate the expression of a wide array of genes and is involved in cancer and different key physiological processes such as the metabolism of drugs/xenobiotics and endogenous compounds including lipids and carbohydrates, and inflammation. Algae, sponges, sea squirts, and other marine organisms are some of the species from which structurally new molecules have been isolated that have been subsequently identified in recent decades as ligands for PXR. The therapeutic potential of these natural compounds is promising in different areas and has recently resulted in the registration of trabectedin by the FDA as a novel antineoplastic drug. Apart from being potentially novel drugs, these compounds can also serve as models for the development of new molecules with improved activity. The aim of this review is to succinctly summarize the currently known natural molecules isolated from marine organisms with a proven ability to interact with PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
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Gadducci A, Grosso F, Scambia G, Raspagliesi F, Colombo N, Grignani G, Casali P, Sanfilippo R, Buonadonna A, Santoro A, Bruzzone M, Artioli G, Lorusso D, Biagioli E, Fossati R, Galli F, Negri E, Rulli E, Torri V, D'Incalci M. A phase II randomised (calibrated design) study on the activity of the single-agent trabectedin in metastatic or locally relapsed uterine leiomyosarcoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:565-571. [PMID: 30057406 PMCID: PMC6162262 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with recurrent/metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma (U-LMS) have a dismal prognosis. This phase II study aims to evaluate trabectedin efficacy and safety in advanced U-LMS. METHODS Eligible patients had received ≥ one line of chemotherapy. Gemcitabine ± docetaxel naive patients were randomised to Arm A: trabectedin 1.3 mg/m2 or calibration Arm B: gemcitabine 900 mg/m2 and docetaxel 75 mg/m2. Patients who had already received gemcitabine ± docetaxel directly entered Arm A. Primary end-point: 6-month progression-free rate (PFS-6). The null hypothesis that the true PFS-6 = 14% was tested against a one-sided alternative. This design yielded a 5% type I error rate and 90% power when the true PFS-6 is 25%. RESULTS Overall, 126 patients entered Arm A (45 from randomisation and 81 directly) and 42 Arm B. Arm A patients characteristics: median age = 57; ≥2 previous chemotherapy lines = 37.4%; metastatic disease = 93%. The study met the condition for trabectedin activity: PFS-6 = 35.2% (95% CI: 26.2-45). No difference in PFS by the number of previous chemotherapy lines emerged. Median OS = 20.6 months (IQR: 8-36.4). In Arm B, the PFS-6 = 51.5% (95% CI: 33.5-69.2). No toxic deaths occurred. In Arm A, only 4 patients interrupted treatment for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Trabectedin is active and well tolerated, retaining similar efficacy across one to three previous lines of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Grosso
- Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Casali
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Biagioli
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Roldano Fossati
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Galli
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Negri
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Rulli
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- IRCCS - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
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9
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Nakai T, Imura Y, Tamiya H, Yamada S, Nakai S, Yasuda N, Kaneko K, Outani H, Takenaka S, Hamada K, Myoui A, Araki N, Ueda T, Itoh K, Yoshikawa H, Naka N. Trabectedin is a promising antitumor agent potentially inducing melanocytic differentiation for clear cell sarcoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2121-2130. [PMID: 28745431 PMCID: PMC5603837 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma and highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This devastating disease is defined by EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene resulting from chromosomal translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12) and characterized by melanocytic differentiation. A marine-derived antineoplastic agent, trabectedin, inhibits the growth of myxoid liposarcoma and Ewing sarcoma by causing adipogenic differentiation and neural differentiation, respectively. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects and mechanism of action of trabectedin on human clear cell sarcoma cell lines. We showed that trabectedin decreased the cell proliferation of five clear cell sarcoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and reduced tumor growth of two mouse xenograft models. Flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses in vitro and immunohistochemical analysis in vivo revealed that trabectedin-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, trabectedin increased the expression of melanocytic differentiation markers along with downregulation of ERK activity in vitro and the rate of melanin-positive cells in vivo. These results suggest that trabectedin has potent antitumor activity against clear cell sarcoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and, in part, by promoting melanocytic differentiation through inactivation of ERK signaling. Our present study indicates that trabectedin is a promising differentiation-inducing agent for clear cell sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Nakai
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imura
- Musculoskeletal Oncology ServiceOsaka International Cancer Institute3‐1‐69, OtemaeChuo‐kuOsaka541‐8567Japan
| | - Hironari Tamiya
- Musculoskeletal Oncology ServiceOsaka International Cancer Institute3‐1‐69, OtemaeChuo‐kuOsaka541‐8567Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Sho Nakai
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Naohiro Yasuda
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Keiko Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Hidetatsu Outani
- Musculoskeletal Oncology ServiceOsaka International Cancer Institute3‐1‐69, OtemaeChuo‐kuOsaka541‐8567Japan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Akira Myoui
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Nobuhito Araki
- Musculoskeletal Oncology ServiceOsaka International Cancer Institute3‐1‐69, OtemaeChuo‐kuOsaka541‐8567Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueda
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka National Hospital2‐1‐14 HoenzakaChuo‐kuOsaka540‐0006Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Itoh
- Research InstituteNozaki Tokushukai2‐10‐50 TanigawaDaitoOsaka574‐0074Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine2‐2 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
- Musculoskeletal Oncology ServiceOsaka International Cancer Institute3‐1‐69, OtemaeChuo‐kuOsaka541‐8567Japan
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Palanisamy SK, Rajendran NM, Marino A. Natural Products Diversity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) and Successful Drugs in Clinical Development. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:1-111. [PMID: 28097641 PMCID: PMC5315671 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians and their pharmacological applications, challenges and recent developments in marine drug discovery reported during 1994-2014, highlighting the structural activity of compounds produced by these specimens. Till date only 5% of living ascidian species were studied from <3000 species, this study represented from family didemnidae (32%), polyclinidae (22%), styelidae and polycitoridae (11-12%) exhibiting the highest number of promising MNPs. Close to 580 compound structures are here discussed in terms of their occurrence, structural type and reported biological activity. Anti-cancer drugs are the main area of interest in the screening of MNPs from ascidians (64%), followed by anti-malarial (6%) and remaining others. FDA approved ascidian compounds mechanism of action along with other compounds status of clinical trials (phase 1 to phase 3) are discussed here in. This review highlights recent developments in the area of natural products chemistry and biotechnological approaches are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - N M Rajendran
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Yasui H, Imura Y, Outani H, Hamada KI, Nakai T, Yamada S, Takenaka S, Sasagawa S, Araki N, Itoh K, Myoui A, Yoshikawa H, Naka N. Trabectedin is a promising antitumour agent for synovial sarcoma. J Chemother 2016; 28:417-24. [PMID: 27077926 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2015.1133013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue tumour with poor prognosis. Using five human SS cell lines, we examined the cytotoxic effects of trabectedin (ET-743; Yondelis(®)), a novel marine natural product, which was approved in Europe for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The significant growth inhibitory effects were observed in all SS cell lines below nanomolar concentration of trabectedin. Furthermore, trabectedin significantly suppressed the tumour growth in xenograft models. Flow cytometer analysis in vitro and immunohistochemical analysis in vivo revealed its effect of cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induction. We also examined the expression of ERCC1, 5 and BRCA1 in SS cell lines and clinical samples, and majority of them showed highly trabectedin-sensitive pattern as previously reported in other cancers. Our preclinical data indicated that trabectedin could be a promising therapeutic option for patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Yasui
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imura
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Hidetatsu Outani
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hamada
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakai
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamada
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Satoru Sasagawa
- b Department of Biology , Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases , 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537 8511 , Japan
| | - Nobuhito Araki
- c Musculoskeletal Oncology Service , Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases , 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537 8511 , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Itoh
- b Department of Biology , Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases , 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537 8511 , Japan
| | - Akira Myoui
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871 , Japan.,b Department of Biology , Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases , 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537 8511 , Japan
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12
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A comprehensive safety evaluation of trabectedin and drug-drug interactions of trabectedin-based combinations. BioDrugs 2015; 28:499-511. [PMID: 25209722 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-014-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Trabectedin (Yondelis(®)) is a potent marine-derived antineoplastic drug with high activity against various soft tissue sarcoma (STS) subtypes as monotherapy, and in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) for the treatment of patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. This article reviews the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of trabectedin. Records were identified using predefined search criteria using electronic databases (e.g. PubMed, Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews). Primary peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2006 and 1 April 2014 were included. The current safety and tolerability profile of trabectedin, based on the evaluation in clinical trials of patients treated with the recommended treatment regimens for STS and recurrent ovarian cancer, was reviewed. Trabectedin as monotherapy or in combination with PLD, was not associated with cumulative and/or irreversible toxicities, such as cardiac, pulmonary, renal, or oto-toxicities, often observed with other common chemotherapeutic agents. The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were myelosuppression and transient hepatic transaminase increases that were usually not clinically relevant. However, trabectedin administration should be avoided in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Serious and fatal ADRs were likely to be related to pre-existing conditions. Doxorubicin or PLD, carboplatin, gemcitabine, or paclitaxel when administered before trabectedin, did not seem to influence its pharmacokinetics. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 has an important role in the metabolism of trabectedin, suggesting a risk of drug-drug interactions with trabectedin used in combination with other CYP3A4 substrates. Trabectedin has a favorable risk/efficacy profile, even during extended treatment in pretreated patients.
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Imperatore C, Aiello A, D'Aniello F, Senese M, Menna M. Alkaloids from marine invertebrates as important leads for anticancer drugs discovery and development. Molecules 2014; 19:20391-423. [PMID: 25490431 PMCID: PMC6270949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes research on novel natural antitumor alkaloids isolated from marine invertebrates. The structure, origin, and confirmed cytotoxic activity of more than 130 novel alkaloids belonging to several structural families (indoles, pyrroles, pyrazines, quinolines, and pyridoacridines), together with some of their synthetic analogs, are illustrated. Recent discoveries concerning the current state of the potential and/or development of some of them as new drugs, as well as the current knowledge regarding their modes of action, are also summarized. A special emphasis is given to the role of marine invertebrate alkaloids as an important source of leads for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Imperatore
- The NeaNat Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Anna Aiello
- The NeaNat Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Filomena D'Aniello
- The NeaNat Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Maria Senese
- The NeaNat Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- The NeaNat Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacological treatment plays a major role in the management of advanced, persistent or recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), whereas its usefulness in the adjuvant setting is still debated. A thorough literature search was undertaken using the Pubmed databases. Systematic reviews and controlled trials on medical treatment of uterine LMS were collected and critically analyzed. Other study types were secondarily considered when pertinent. AREAS COVERED Doxorubicin (DOX), ifosfamide and dacarbazine have been long used in the treatment of this malignancy. Novel active agents are represented by gemcitabine, docetaxel, trabectedin, pazopanib and aromatase inhibitors, whereas the role of eribulin, bevacizumab, aflibercept and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors is still investigational. EXPERT OPINION DOX alone, gemcitabine alone, DOX + dacarbazine and gemcitabine + docetaxel may be treatment options for first-line and second-line therapies. However, the clinical benefit of the combination chemotherapy versus single-agent chemotherapy is still debated. Trabectedin is a promising agent for recurrent uterine LMS, able to obtain a prolonged disease control, with 3-month and 6-month progression-free survival rates exceeding 50 and 30%, respectively, and with sometimes unexpectedly durable responses. Pazopanib is the only approved targeted therapy. Hormone therapy with aromatase inhibitors may be a therapeutic option in heavily treated patients with slowly progressive, steroid receptor-positive tumors. Whenever possible, women with recurrent uterine LMS should be encouraged to enter well-designed clinical trials aimed to detect novel active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiolo Gadducci
- University of Pisa, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Via Roma 56, Pisa, 56127 , Italy +39 50 992609 ; +39 50 992354 ;
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Martínez S, Pérez L, Galmarini CM, Aracil M, Tercero JC, Gago F, Albella B, Bueren JA. Inhibitory effects of marine-derived DNA-binding anti-tumour tetrahydroisoquinolines on the Fanconi anaemia pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:871-82. [PMID: 23937566 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously shown that cells with a defective Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway are hypersensitive to trabectedin, a DNA-binding anti-cancer tetrahydroisoquinoline (DBAT) whose adducts functionally mimic a DNA inter-strand cross link (ICL). Here we expand these observations to new DBATs and investigate whether our findings in primary untransformed cells can be reproduced in human cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Initially, the sensitivity of transformed and untransformed cells, deficient or not in one component of the FA pathway, to mitomycin C (MMC) and three DBATs, trabectedin, Zalypsis and PM01183, was assessed. Then, the functional interaction of these drugs with the FA pathway was comparatively investigated. KEY RESULTS While untransformed FA-deficient haematopoietic cells were hypersensitive to both MMC and DBATs, the response of FA-deficient squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells to DBATs was similar to that of their respective FA-competent counterparts, even though these FA-deficient SCC cells were hypersensitive to MMC. Furthermore, while MMC always activated the FA pathway, the DBATs inhibited the FA pathway in the cancer cell lines tested and this enhanced their response to MMC. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show that although DBATs functionally interact with DNA as do agents that generate classical ICL, these drugs should be considered as FA pathway inhibitors rather than activators. Moreover, this effect was most significant in a variety of cancer cells. These inhibitory effects of DBATs on the FA pathway could be exploited clinically with the aim of 'fanconizing' cancer cells in order to make them more sensitive to other anti-tumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-28040, Madrid, Spain; Pharmamar S.A., Avda. de los Reyes, 1 - Pol. Ind. La Mina, E-28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
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Blay JY. Trabectedin’s contribution to the treatment of sarcomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:3-9. [DOI: 10.1586/era.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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García MJ, Saucedo-Cuevas LP, Muñoz-Repeto I, Fernández V, Robles MJ, Domingo S, Palacios J, Aracil M, Nieto A, Tercero JC, Benítez J. Analysis of DNA repair-related genes in breast cancer reveals CUL4A ubiquitin ligase as a novel biomarker of trabectedin response. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:530-41. [PMID: 23364677 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trabectedin is more active in nucleotide excision repair (NER)-efficient and homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient cells. As up to 25% of sporadic breast tumors present somatic inactivation of the HRR pathway (BRCAness phenotype), we sought to characterize trabectedin effect in BRCA1-proficient and BRCA1-null breast cancer cell lines. We evaluated whether HRR and NER gene expression correlates with trabectedin sensitivity and explored the response predictive value of the CUL4A ubiquitin ligase, which ubiquitinates NER pathway members. We characterized trabectedin cytotoxicity, cell-cycle effects, and BRCA1, BRCA2, XRCC3, XPG, ERCC1, and CUL4A expression in 10 breast cancer cell lines. Gene expression and trabectedin sensitivity association were determined in cell lines. Survival assays after trabectedin treatment were conducted in CUL4A-silenced BRCA1-proficient and -deficient cells. Because of limited phase II clinical trials evaluating trabectedin efficacy in patients with breast cancer, we assessed CUL4A immunohistochemical staining in a retrospective series of 118 sarcomas from trabectedin-treated patients to validate in vivo our in vitro observations. In cell lines, greater trabectedin sensitivity was associated with higher CUL4A expression and lower BRCA1/ERCC5, BRCA1/CUL4A, and XRCC3/CUL4A expression ratios. In agreement, BRCA1-deficient CUL4A-knockdown cells presented higher cell survival after trabectedin exposure than did scramble control cells. Lack of effect in BRCA1-proficient cells suggests that HRR impairment is key in CUL4A-mediated trabectedin sensitivity. High CUL4A expression in nontranslocation-related patients with sarcoma predicted improved progression-free survival [PFS; HR, 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20-0.68, P = 0.001] and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21-0.93, P = 0.026). Our observations support the notion of greater trabectedin activity in tumors exhibiting BRCAness and reveal CUL4A as a potential biomarker for definition of trabectedin target patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J García
- Group of Human Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Jones KB, Haldar M, Schiffman JD, Cannon-Albright L, Lessnick SL, Sharma S, Capecchi MR, Randall RL. Of mice and men: opportunities to use genetically engineered mouse models of synovial sarcoma for preclinical cancer therapeutic evaluation. Cancer Control 2011; 18:196-203. [PMID: 21666582 DOI: 10.1177/107327481101800307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue malignancy with a predilection for adolescents and young adults. Despite recent improvements in the understanding of its character and etiology, few therapeutic advances have been made. The mortality rate is high among the young population it affects. The low incidence of most subtypes of sarcoma, such as synovial sarcoma, makes disease-specific trials difficult to organize. The biological differences between sarcoma subtypes make inclusion of multiple types in general trials unsatisfactory as well. METHODS A review of the literature regarding targetable pathways in synovial sarcoma was undertaken. A strategy has been devised to utilize available technologies in order to prioritize drug trial planning. RESULTS Cell culture and xenograft research with synovial sarcoma cell lines have identified some critical pathways that may be targetable. Promising therapeutic strategies include newer cytotoxic chemotherapies, antiangiogenic agents, anti-IGF1R pathway agents, anti-Bcl-2/proapoptotic agents, and histone deacetylase complex inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS We propose to prioritize potential therapeutic strategies via preclinical testing of agents in a genetic mouse model of synovial sarcoma. Preclinical optimization of treatment regimens can guide the development of more focused patient trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Center for Children’s Cancer Research, at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Ecteinascidin 743 interferes with the activity of EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma cells. Neoplasia 2011; 13:145-53. [PMID: 21403840 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ET-743 (trabectedin; Yondelis) is approved in Europe for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. Emerging phase 1 and 2 clinical data have shown high response rates in myxoid liposarcoma in part owing to the inhibition of the FUS-CHOP transcription factor. In this report, we show that modulation of specific oncogenic transcription factors by ET-743 may extend to other tumor types. We demonstrate that, among a panel of pediatric sarcomas, Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs) cell lines bearing the EWS-FLI1 transcription factor are the most sensitive to treatment with ET-743 compared with osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. We show that ET-743 reverses a gene signature of induced downstream targets of EWS-FLI1 in two different ESFT cell lines (P = .001). In addition, ET-743 directly suppresses the promoter activity of a known EWS-FLI1 downstream target NR0B1 luciferase reporter construct without changing the activity of a constitutively active control in ESFT cells. Furthermore, the effect is specific to EWS-FLI1, as forced expression of EWS-FLI1 in a cell type that normally lacks this fusion protein, HT1080 cells, induces the same NR0B1 promoter, but this activation is completely blocked by ET-743 treatment. Finally, we used gene set enrichment analysis to confirm that other mechanisms of ET-743 are active in ESFT cells. These results suggest a particular role for ET-743 in the treatment of translocation-positive tumors. In addition, the modulation of EWS-FLI1 makes it a novel targeting agent for ESFT and suggests that further development of this compound for the treatment of ESFT is warranted.
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Yondelis® (ET-743, Trabectedin) sensitizes cancer cell lines to CD95-mediated cell death: New molecular insight into the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chen R, Zhu D, Hu Z, Zheng Z, Chen X. A new approach to the synthesis of l-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl-phenylalanine derivatives from l-tyrosine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kasper B, Schmitt T, Wuchter P, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Ho AD, Egerer G. The use of positron emission tomography in soft tissue sarcoma patients under therapy with trabectedin. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:331-40. [PMID: 19841717 PMCID: PMC2763103 DOI: 10.3390/md7030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We used 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate the FDG uptake in patients with advanced and/or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) undergoing therapy with Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743, Trabectedin, Yondelis™). Patients and Methods The pilot study included nine patients with metastatic STS receiving a minimum of one cycle of treatment with trabectedin. Patients were examined using PET prior to onset of therapy and after completion of one or three cycles of trabectedin. Restaging according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) was performed in parallel using computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and served for reference. Results Clinical outcome of nine evaluable patients was as follows: one patient with partial remission (PR), three patients with stable disease (SD), and five patients with progressive disease (PD). A more than 40% decrease of the standardized uptake value (SUV) of sequential PET examination could be demonstrated for the responding patient (PR), whereas patients with SD or PD showed a stable SUV, but no increase in SUV. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first small series of patients being treated with trabectedin and monitored using sequential PET imaging demonstrating SUV stabilization in nearly all monitored patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kasper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; E-Mails: (T.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.); (G.E.)
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:; Tel.: +49-6221-56-8008; Fax: +49-6221-56-6824
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; E-Mails: (T.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.); (G.E.)
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; E-Mails: (T.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.); (G.E.)
| | - Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; E-Mails: (T.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.); (G.E.)
| | - Gerlinde Egerer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; E-Mails: (T.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.); (G.E.)
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Guirouilh-Barbat J, Zhang YW, Pommier Y. Induction of glutathione-dependent DNA double-strand breaks by the novel anticancer drug brostallicin. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1985-94. [PMID: 19584235 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brostallicin is a DNA minor groove binder in phase II clinical trials. Here, we show that brostallicin induces gamma-H2AX nuclear foci that colocalize with 53BP1 and are dependent on glutathione, as shown by inhibition of those gamma-H2AX foci by l-buthionine sulfoximine. To differentiate brostallicin from the clinically approved minor groove binder trabectedin (ecteinascidin 743), we tested whether the brostallicin-induced gamma-H2AX and antiproliferative responses were dependent on nucleotide excision repair and found that, unlike trabectedin, they are not. Additionally, brostallicin retained activity in the trabectedin-resistant HCT116-ER5 cell line. Induction of gamma-H2AX foci by brostallicin was partially dependent on the repair nuclease Mre11. Pretreatment with aphidicolin partially reduced brostallicin-induced gamma-H2AX foci, suggesting that brostallicin induces both replication-associated and replication-independent DNA damage. Replication-associated DNA damage was further shown by the colocalization of gamma-H2AX foci with replication foci and by the rapid inhibition of DNA synthesis and accumulation of cells in S phase in response to brostallicin. In addition, brostallicin was able to induce lower intensity gamma-H2AX foci in human circulating lymphocytes. Together, our results indicate that brostallicin induces DNA double-strand breaks and suggest gamma-H2AX as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for brostallicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Guirouilh-Barbat
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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Vermeir M, Hemeryck A, Cuyckens F, Francesch A, Bockx M, Van Houdt J, Steemans K, Mannens G, Avilés P, De Coster R. In vitro studies on the metabolism of trabectedin (YONDELIS®) in monkey and man, including human CYP reaction phenotyping. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1642-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rouleau C, Curiel M, Weber W, Smale R, Kurtzberg L, Mascarello J, Berger C, Wallar G, Bagley R, Honma N, Hasegawa K, Ishida I, Kataoka S, Thurberg BL, Mehraein K, Horten B, Miller G, Teicher BA. Endosialin protein expression and therapeutic target potential in human solid tumors: sarcoma versus carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 14:7223-36. [PMID: 19010839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endosialin/CD248/tumor endothelial marker 1 is expressed in stromal cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes in various tumors; however, few studies have focused on expression in malignant cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied expression of endosialin in clinical specimens, cell culture, and animal models and designed an anti-endosialin therapeutic prototype. RESULTS Fifty human tumor cell lines and 6 normal cell types in culture were assayed by reverse transcription-PCR and/or flow cytometry for endosialin. Cell surface protein was found on 7 sarcoma lines, 1 neuroblastoma, and 4 normal cell types in culture. A fully human anti-endosialin antibody bound to human A-673 Ewing's sarcoma cells and SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells but not HT-1080 cells. Exposure of cells to an anti-human IgG conjugated to saporin resulted in growth inhibition only of endosialin-expressing cells. Endosialin expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 250 clinical specimens of human cancer including 20 cancer subtypes. Endosialin is frequently found in human cancers. Endosialin expression is mainly a perivascular feature in carcinomas, with some expression in stromal cells. In sarcomas, endosialin is expressed by malignant cells, perivascular cells, and stromal cells. Development and characterization of experimental models for studying endosialin biology in sarcomas and evaluating anti-endosialin therapies is presented. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that an anti-endosialin immunotoxin might be a promising therapeutic approach for endosialin-positive neoplasia, especially synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Thus, a diagnostic/therapeutic targeted therapeutic approach to treatment of endosialin-expressing tumors may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Rouleau
- Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA.
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Cuevas C, Francesch A. Development of Yondelis® (trabectedin, ET-743). A semisynthetic process solves the supply problem. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:322-37. [DOI: 10.1039/b808331m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aune GJ, Takagi K, Sordet O, Guirouilh-Barbat J, Antony S, Bohr VA, Pommier Y. Von Hippel-Lindau-coupled and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair-dependent degradation of RNA polymerase II in response to trabectedin. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6449-55. [PMID: 18927284 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ecteinascidin 743 (Et743; trabectedin, Yondelis) has recently been approved in Europe for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas and is undergoing clinical trials for other solid tumors. Et743 selectively targets cells proficient for TC-NER, which sets it apart from other DNA alkylating agents. In the present study, we examined the effects of Et743 on RNA Pol II. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS We report that Et743 induces the rapid and massive degradation of transcribing Pol II in various cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts. Pol II degradation was abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and was dependent on TC-NER. Cockayne syndrome (CS) cells and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells (XPD, XPA, XPG, and XPF) were defective in Pol II degradation, whereas XPC cells whose defect is limited to global genome NER in nontranscribing regions were proficient for Pol II degradation. Complementation of the CSB and XPD cells restored Pol II degradation. We also show that cells defective for the VHL complex were defective in Pol II degradation and that complementation of those cells restores Pol II degradation. Moreover, VHL deficiency rendered cells resistant to Et743-induced cell death, a similar effect to that of TC-NER deficiency. CONCLUSION These results suggest that both TC-NER-induced and VHL-mediated Pol II degradation play a role in cell killing by Et743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Aune
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Guirouilh-Barbat J, Redon C, Pommier Y. Transcription-coupled DNA double-strand breaks are mediated via the nucleotide excision repair and the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:3969-81. [PMID: 18632984 PMCID: PMC2526702 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-02-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular activity of Yondelis (trabectedin, Ecteinascidin 743, Et743) is known to depend on transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TCR). However, the subsequent cellular effects of Et743 are not fully understood. Here we show that Et743 induces both transcription- and replication-coupled DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are detectible by neutral COMET assay and as gamma-H2AX foci that colocalize with 53BP1, Mre11, Ser(1981)-pATM, and Thr(68)-pChk2. The transcription coupled-DSBs (TC-DSBs) induced by Et743 depended both on TCR and Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) and were associated with DNA-PK-dependent gamma-H2AX foci. In contrast to DNA-PK, ATM phosphorylated H2AX both in NER-proficient and -deficient cells, but its full activation was dependent on H2AX as well as DNA-PK, suggesting a positive feedback loop: DNA-PK-gamma-H2AX-ATM. Knocking-out H2AX or inactivating DNA-PK reduced Et743's antiproliferative activity, whereas ATM and MRN tended to act as survival factors. Our results highlight the interplays between ATM and DNA-PK and their impacts on H2AX phosphorylation and cell survival. They also suggest that gamma-H2AX may serve as a biomarker in patients treated with Et743 and that molecular profiling of tumors for TCR, MRN, ATM, and DNA-PK might be useful to anticipate tumor response to Et743 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Guirouilh-Barbat
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255
| | - Christophe Redon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255
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Cruz LJ, Francesch A, Cuevas C, Albericio F. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of cytotoxic marine cyclodepsipeptide IB-01212 analogues. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:1076-84. [PMID: 17514692 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Several recently discovered marine products have remarkable in vitro and in vivo anticancer profiles against a wide range of tumor cell lines. Some of these compounds are currently in clinical trials. These compounds show complex structures and mechanisms of action of interest. Herein, we describe the preparation of a series of totally synthetic molecules that are structurally related to the natural marine product IB-01212 and evaluated them as antitumor agents. For this, total solid-phase syntheses of the products were performed in parallel by two distinct routes: linear synthesis and convergent synthesis. Structural modifications were introduced in several residue positions to afford 21 IB-01212 analogues for structure-relationship studies. An increase in the number of methyl groups in the macrocycle enhanced cytotoxic activity. Also, the replacement of an ester bond by an amide bond favored antitumor activity against several human cell lines. In addition, the L configuration analogues were more active against all the tumor cell lines than those containing the D configuration. A significant increase in the size and asymmetry of the macrocycle diminished biological activity with respect to that of IB-01212. These results are of great value for the discovery of new and more effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Cruz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Role of homologous recombination in trabectedin-induced DNA damage. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:609-18. [PMID: 18243687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis) is a natural marine compound with antitumour activity currently undergoing phase II/III clinical trials. The mechanism of the drug's action is still to be defined, even though it has been clearly demonstrated the key role of Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER). To get further insights into the drug's mode of action, we studied the involvement of the DNA-double strand break repair (DNA-DSB) pathways: homologous and non-homologous recombination, both in budding yeasts and in mammalian cells and the possible cross-talk between NER and these repair pathways. Budding yeasts and mammalian cells deficient in the non-homologous end-joining pathway were moderately sensitive to trabectedin, while systems deficient in the homologous recombination pathway were extremely sensitive to the drug, with a 100-fold decrease in the IC50, suggesting that trabectedin-induced lesions are repaired by this pathway. The induction of Rad51 foci and the appearance of gamma-H2AX were chosen as putative markers for DNA-DSBs and were studied at different time points after trabectedin treatment in NER proficient and deficient systems. Both were clearly detected only in the presence of an active NER, suggesting that the DSBs are not directly caused by the drug, but are formed during the processing/repair of the drug- induced lesions.
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Carter NJ, Keam SJ. Trabectedin : a review of its use in the management of soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer. Drugs 2008; 67:2257-76. [PMID: 17927287 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200767150-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trabectedin (Yondelis); ET-743) is an antineoplastic agent that was originally derived from the Caribbean marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata and is now produced synthetically. It binds to the minor groove of DNA, disrupting the cell cycle and inhibiting cell proliferation. Intravenous trabectedin administered once every 3 weeks is approved as monotherapy in Europe for use in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after failure of standard therapy with anthracyclines or ifosfamide, or who are unsuited to receive these agents. It also has orphan drug status in STS in the US and in ovarian cancer in the US and Europe, and is under investigation as combination therapy in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. In clinical trials, trabectedin showed efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic STS, especially those with leiomyosarcoma or liposarcoma, as well as in women with platinum-sensitive advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer. In addition, its tolerability profile was generally manageable. The introduction of trabectedin expands the currently limited range of effective treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic STS; trabectedin also has the potential to be a beneficial treatment for advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Stevens EV, Nishizuka S, Antony S, Reimers M, Varma S, Young L, Munson PJ, Weinstein JN, Kohn EC, Pommier Y. Predicting cisplatin and trabectedin drug sensitivity in ovarian and colon cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:10-8. [PMID: 18187810 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular profiling of markers involved in the activity of chemotherapeutic agents can shed light on the successes and failures of treatment in patients and can also provide a basis for individualization of therapy. Toward those ends, we have used reverse-phase protein lysate microarrays to evaluate expression of protein components of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. Those pathways strongly influence the anticancer activities of numerous drugs, including those that are the focus here, cisplatin and ecteinascidin 743 (Et-743; Yondelis, Trabectedin). Cisplatin is generally more active in cell types deficient in NER, whereas Et-743 tends to be less active in those cells. We measured protein expression and sensitivity to those drugs in 17 human ovarian and colon cancer cell lines (13 of them from the NCI-60 panel) and five xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patient cell types, each containing a different NER defect. Of the NER proteins giving reliable signals, XPF and XPG showed the highest correlations of protein expression with drug activity across all three tissue-of-origin groups. When we compared protein expression data with mRNA expression data from Affymetrix U133A chips, we found no consistent correlation between the two across the cell lines studied, which reinforces the conclusion that protein measurements can give more interpretable mechanistic information than can transcript measurements. The work reported here provides motivation for larger proteomic studies with more cell types focused on potential biomarkers in additional pharmacologically pertinent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Stevens
- National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 5068, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:35-94. [PMID: 18250897 DOI: 10.1039/b701534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2006 for marine natural products, with 758 citations (534 for the period January to December 2006) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidaria, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (779 for 2006), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Ebeling P, Eisele L, Schuett P, Bauer S, Schuette J, Moritz T, Seeber S, Flasshove M. Docetaxel and Gemcitabine in the Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma – A Single-Center Experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 31:11-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mother Nature's gifts to diseases of man: the impact of natural products on anti-infective, anticholestemics and anticancer drug discovery. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2007; 65:1, 3-44. [PMID: 18084912 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8117-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter is designed to demonstrate that compounds derived from nature are still in the forefront of drug discovery in diseases such as microbial and parasitic infections, carcinomas of many types and control of cholesterol/lipids in man. In each disease area we have provided short discussions of past, present and future agents, in general only considering compounds currently in clinical Phase II or later, that were/are derived from nature's chemical skeletons. Finishing with a discussion of the current and evolving role(s) of microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the production of old and new agents ostensibly produced by higher organisms.
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Abstract
Objective. In the era of oral molecular kinase inhibitors, cytotoxic chemotherapy agents are somewhat overlooked, but remain the backbone of treatment for most cancers. Patients with non-gastrointestinal stromal tumor sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (formerly called malignant fibrous histiocytoma), have received doxorubicin and ifosfamide as the backbone of their treatment for over 15 years or more. The goal of this article is to review the data that have led to the use of gemcitabine and docetaxel as a useful combination for patients with metastatic sarcomas, and to comment on possible synergy of the combination. Methods and results. The literature regarding the use of gemcitabine, docetaxel, or both, is reviewed, with emphasis on patients with metastatic sarcoma. Results. Activity of gemcitabine and docetaxel is observed in leiomyosarcoma and undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma. There is apparent schedule dependence of the combination in other cancers; it is unclear if schedule matters in patients with sarcomas. The dose and schedule of gemcitabine and docetaxel examined in phase II studies are probably too high for routine practice. Conclusions. The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel is an effective option for patients with metastatic sarcoma, increasing the armamentarium for the practicing oncologist in treating this heterogeneous group of diseases. Given the low response rate to docetaxel as a single agent, it is likely that there is true clinical synergy of the combination. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Maki
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, New York 10021-6007, USA.
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Kasper B, Gil T, Awada A. Treatment of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma: disappointment or challenge? Curr Opin Oncol 2007; 19:336-40. [PMID: 17545796 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32812143ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We give an overview on the emerging compounds for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Included are recent developments in targeted therapy, focusing on the following: antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory drugs (e.g. anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 monoclonal antibody), Bcl-2 antisense therapy, raf kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, heat shock protein modulators, minor groove binders and other agents being developed. RECENT FINDINGS Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours that arise predominantly from the embryonic mesoderm. They account for fewer than 1% of all adult malignancies. The prognosis of patients with advanced metastatic soft tissue sarcoma remains poor, with disease-free survival at 5 years below 10%. Complete resection remains the only potentially curative treatment option. Only few chemotherapeutic agents have been identified to be active, with reported response rates for doxorubicin and ifosfamide of around 20%. New strategies are urgently needed to improve outcomes. SUMMARY Understanding of the molecular biology and pathogenesis of soft tissue sarcomas has been enhanced, and in the near future this should translate into molecular tumour characterization and development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kasper
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gadducci A, Cosio S, Romanini A, Genazzani AR. The management of patients with uterine sarcoma: a debated clinical challenge. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 65:129-42. [PMID: 17706430 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas include a heterogeneous group of rare tumours that usually have an aggressive clinical behaviour and a poor prognosis. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy represents the standard surgical treatment. Pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy is indicated for carcinosarcoma, but not for leiomyosarcoma and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma. Some recent data on low numbers of patients with low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma appear to show an incidence of nodal involvement higher than previously expected, thus suggesting a role for lymphadenectomy in this malignancy. Carcinosarcoma also requires a comprehensive surgical peritoneal staging. Postoperative treatment of uterine sarcomas has been long debated. Adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy appears to improve local control without any significant impact on overall survival. There is little evidence in the literature supporting the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in any gynaecological sarcomas except for carcinosarcomas. However, uterine sarcomas have a high tendency to develop distant recurrences, and recent data on adjuvant chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcomas are promising. As for the drugs to be used, it is worth noting that in a Swiss study, the combination of ifosfamide (IFO) and doxorubicin (DOX) obtained similar response rates in advanced gynaecological sarcomas and in advanced soft tissue sarcomas of other sites. In our decision-making scheme for early-stage disease, patients with leiomyosarcoma or undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma should receive adjuvant doxorubicin/epidoxorubicin (EPIDX)+ifosfamide, and those with carcinosarcoma should be treated with adjuvant cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy. The same drug regimens are used for the treatment of advanced disease. Sequential pelvic radiotherapy following chemotherapy could be delivered to selected cases. Recurrent disease often requires the integration of different therapeutic modalities, but no curative option is currently available with the possible exception of surgery for lung metastases and hormone therapy with or without debulking surgery for recurrent low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Patients should be encouraged to enter clinical trials designed to identify new active drugs for these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Procreative Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pisa, Italy.
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Chen X, Zhu J. Total Synthesis of the Marine Natural Product (−)-Cribrostatin 4 (Renieramycin H). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3962-5. [PMID: 17437314 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Chen
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Chen X, Zhu J. Total Synthesis of the Marine Natural Product (−)-Cribrostatin 4 (Renieramycin H). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nelson JT, Lee J, Sims JW, Schmidt EW. Characterization of SafC, a catechol 4-O-methyltransferase involved in saframycin biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3575-80. [PMID: 17449703 PMCID: PMC1932701 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00011-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the saframycin/safracin/ecteinascidin family of peptide natural products are potent antitumor agents currently under clinical development. Saframycin MX1, from Myxococcus xanthus, is synthesized by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, SafAB, and an O-methyltransferase, SafC, although other proteins are likely involved in the pathway. SafC was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and assayed for its ability to methylate a variety of substrates. SafC was able to catalyze the O-methylation of catechol derivatives but not phenols. Among the substrates tested, the best substrate for SafC was L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), which was methylated specifically in the 4'-O position (k(cat)/K(m) = 5.5 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)). SafC displayed less activity on other catechol derivatives, including catechol, dopamine, and caffeic acid. The more labile l-5'-methyldopa was an extremely poor substrate for SafC (k(cat)/K(m) = approximately 2.8 x 10(-5) M(-1) s(-1)). L-dopa thioester derivatives were also much less reactive than L-dopa. These results indicate that SafC-catalyzed 4'-O-methylation of L-dopa occurs prior to 5'-C-methylation, suggesting that 4'-O-methylation is likely the first committed step in the biosynthesis of saframycin MX1. SafC has biotechnological potential as a methyltransferase with unique regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Staudinger JL, Ding X, Lichti K. Pregnane X receptor and natural products: beyond drug-drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007; 2:847-57. [PMID: 17125405 PMCID: PMC2978027 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2.6.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is activated by a myriad of compounds and natural products in clinical use. Activation of PXR represents the basis for several clinically important drug-drug interactions. Although PXR activation has undesirable effects in patients on combination therapy, it also mediates the hepatoprotective effects exhibited by some herbal remedies. This review focuses on PXR activation by natural products and the potential therapeutic opportunities presented. In particular, the biological effects of St. John's Wort, gugulipid, kava kava, Coleus forskolii, Hypoxis, Sutherlandia, qing hao, wu wei zi, gan cao and other natural products are discussed. The impact of these natural products on drug metabolism and hepatoprotection is highlighted in the context of activation and antagonism of PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Staudinger
- University of Kansas, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 5044 Malott Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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