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Chen W, Wang X, Zhou T, Wen L, Yang X, Chen B, Zhang T, Zhang C, Hua J, Tang Q, Hong X, Liu W, Du C, Xie C, Ma H, Yu X, Guan L. Childhood experiences and needs of offspring living with paternal and maternal severe mental illness: A retrospective study in China. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 81:103449. [PMID: 36641966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental mental illness is considered one of the strongest risk factors for the development of children. This study aimed to describe the adverse childhood experiences and needs of offspring living with parental severe mental illness (SMI) in China and to compare the differences in needs between offspring living with maternal SMI and those living with paternal SMI. METHOD Overall, 381 participants, including 76 living with paternal SMI, 104 living with maternal SMI, and 201 living without parental mental illness, were enrolled. Data were collected using questionnaires from five sites in China. Differences among the three groups were compared using analysis of variance and chi-square test. Factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis, and differences in factor scores between the paternal and maternal SMI groups were compared using the rank sum test. RESULTS The percentages of poverty, family care, and housework were significantly higher in the paternal SMI group and maternal SMI group, compared with the control group, and those of school dropout and relationship with friends were significantly higher in the maternal SMI group (p < 0.0167). The need for stigma reduction in the maternal SMI group was significantly higher than that in the paternal SMI group (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of maternal and paternal SMI on child development. There is an urgent need to develop a national program to assist families with mentally ill parents to provide services for children living with parental SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tianhang Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, China
| | - Xianmei Yang
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | | | - Tao Zhang
- Taiyuan Psychiatric Hospital, Shanxi Mental Health Center, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Juan Hua
- Yantan Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Jiangyou Psychiatric Hospital, Jiangyou, China
| | - Xu Hong
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Taiyuan Psychiatric Hospital, Shanxi Mental Health Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chenmei Xie
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lili Guan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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Lau MA, Temcheff CE, Poirier M, Commisso M, Déry M. Longitudinal relationships between conduct problems, depressive symptoms, and school dropout. J Sch Psychol 2023; 96:12-23. [PMID: 36641221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
School dropout can be an ongoing process of academic failure and disengagement starting as early as elementary school. Given the multitude of factors involved and the importance of early identification of vulnerabilities, this study examined whether (a) initial levels of conduct problems and depressive symptoms predicted school dropout, (b) the rate of change in conduct problems and depressive symptoms predicted dropout, (c) the interaction between trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms affected the likelihood of dropout, and (d) whether there were sex differences in these associations. Using a dataset of 364 children ages 6-9 (T1) years who had displayed conduct problems, mean trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms over 6 years were drawn using parallel process latent growth curve modeling. Results showed that both the initial levels of and rate of change in conduct problems predicted dropout, whereas trajectories of depressive symptoms did not. The interaction between trajectories of conduct problems and depressive symptoms was non-significant and sex differences were not observed. These results suggest that, for boys and girls presenting early conduct problems, although a higher initial levels of conduct problems increases the risk of school dropout, a larger decrease in these problems over time may reduce this likelihood. Recognizing and treating conduct problems consistently may be crucial in reducing the risk of dropout in children with early-onset issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A Lau
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal H3A 1Y2, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Caroline E Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal H3A 1Y2, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Martine Poirier
- Department of Educational Science, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Melissa Commisso
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, PY-146, Montreal H4B 1R6, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Quebec, Canada.
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Mental health professionals' awareness of the parental functioning of persons with severe mental disorders: a retrospective chart study. Isr J Health Policy Res 2022; 11:37. [PMID: 36271385 PMCID: PMC9587552 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-022-00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The proportion of persons with severe mental illness (SMI) who are parents has increased in recent decades. Children of parents with SMI are at increased risk for medical, behavioral, emotional, developmental, academic, and social problems. They also have an increased risk for injuries, accidents, and mortality, addictions, and various psychiatric disorders compared to children of parents with no such diagnoses. We aimed to examine the extent to which mental health professionals (MHPs) who treat adult patients with SMI in ambulatory settings are aware of these individuals’ functioning in three parenting domains: parental functioning, familial support system and children’s conditions. We also compared psychiatrists’ awareness with that of psychologists and social workers. Methods: In this retrospective practice-oriented study, we reviewed 80 clinical files of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, affective disorder or personality disorder treated in a mental health outpatient clinic, using the Awareness of Family’s Mental Health Checklist (AFMHC) developed for this study. Thus, awareness was determined on the basis of what was recorded in the patient file. Results: Almost half of the MHPs were unaware to their patients’ parental functioning as only 44% of files contained records relating to this issue. Awareness to other domains was even lower: 24% of files contained information on patient’s support system and 12% had information about their children’s mental and/or physical health. No statistically significant differences between psychiatrists and other MHPs were found with regards to awareness to the various domains. Positive correlations were found among MHP’s for awareness in the three domains. Conclusion: Lack of awareness among MHPs to their patients’ parental functioning is not specific to a certain profession and may be attributed to patients (e.g., reluctance to disclose relevant information) or to MHPs (e.g., lack of training). Awareness of family and parental functioning by MHPs working with persons with SMI should be part of a standard procedure, integrated into policy and training. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13584-022-00547-4.
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Lau MA, Temcheff CE, Poirier M, Bégin V, Commisso M, Déry M. School dropout: The role of childhood conduct problems and depressive symptoms. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne A. Lau
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Caroline E. Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Martine Poirier
- Department of Educational Science Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski Québec Canada
| | - Vincent Bégin
- School of Criminology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Melissa Commisso
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Michèle Déry
- Department of Psychoeducation, Faculty of Education Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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Hetland J, Braatveit KJ, Hagen E, Lundervold AJ, Erga AH. Prevalence and Characteristics of Borderline Intellectual Functioning in a Cohort of Patients With Polysubstance Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:651028. [PMID: 34335320 PMCID: PMC8316764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.651028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated demographic and clinical features of borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) among individuals with polysubstance use disorder (pSUD). Methods: We applied a cross-sectional analytical design to data from the Norwegian STAYER study (n = 162), a cohort study of patients with a pSUD from the Stavanger University hospital catchment area. We used Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) to define BIF (FSIQ = 70-85) and non-BIF (FSIQ = >85) and collected demographic and clinical data using semi-structured interviews and self-reports on the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Results: The prevalence of BIF was 18% in the present study. The presence of BIF was associated with higher SCL-90-R GSI scores than in the non-BIF group. There were no significant differences between the BIF and non-BIF groups regarding age, gender, participation in meaningful daily activity, years of work experience, years of education, satisfaction with life, level of care, treatment attempts, age at substance-use onset, years of substance use, history of injecting drugs, or age of onset of injecting drugs. Conclusion: The present study confirmed a higher prevalence of BIF among patients with pSUD than expected from the distribution of IQ scores in a general population. Elevated SCL-90-R GSI scores suggested that BIF is associated with increased psychological distress in patients receiving treatment for pSUD. Further studies on this association, and its effect on treatment procedure and outcomes are strongly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hetland
- KORFOR - Center of Alcohol and Drug Research, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kirsten J Braatveit
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Haugaland A-senter, Blue Cross Norway, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Egon Hagen
- KORFOR - Center of Alcohol and Drug Research, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aleksander H Erga
- KORFOR - Center of Alcohol and Drug Research, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,The Norwegian Center for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Gerra G, Benedetti E, Resce G, Potente R, Cutilli A, Molinaro S. Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, School Connectedness and Individual Socio-Cultural Resources in Vulnerability for Drug Use among Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041306. [PMID: 32085546 PMCID: PMC7068584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Families who live in a disadvantaged socioeconomic situation frequently face substandard housing, unsafe neighborhoods, inadequate schools and more stress in their daily lives than more affluent families, with a host of psychological and developmental consequences that can hinder their children’s development in many ways. However, the measurement of socioeconomic status among youth and its link with different forms of illicit substance use is challenging and still unclear. This paper extends existing research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and illicit drug use among adolescents by focusing on three different patterns of use (experimental, episodic and frequent) and making use of two indicators to improve the measurement of individual socioeconomic characteristics in a big sample of European students. Methods: Data were drawn from the European school Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), which, since 1995, collects comparable data among 15-to-16-year-old students to monitor trends in drug use and other risk behaviors across Europe. The sample comes from 28 countries that participated in the 2015 data collection. The consumption of cannabis, cocaine and heroin are considered, and the related patterns are identified based on the frequency of use. Family characteristics at student level are defined through two dimensions: parental educational level and perceived socioeconomic status. Multivariate multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was performed in order to measure the association between individual characteristics and vulnerability for drug use. Results: Some patterns of use, episodic and frequent in particular, were found strongly associated with a lower socioeconomic status and lower parental education. Conclusions: Our results suggest that drug policies should be combined with actions aimed at removing barriers to social inclusion that are attributable to the socioeconomic background of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Gerra
- Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, P.O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Epidemiology and Health Research Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology—IFC, National Research Council of Italy—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (G.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuliano Resce
- Epidemiology and Health Research Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology—IFC, National Research Council of Italy—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (G.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Potente
- Epidemiology and Health Research Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology—IFC, National Research Council of Italy—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (G.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Arianna Cutilli
- Epidemiology and Health Research Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology—IFC, National Research Council of Italy—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (G.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Epidemiology and Health Research Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology—IFC, National Research Council of Italy—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (G.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-315-2094
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Little SA, Germeroth C, Garber J. Father-Adolescent Conflict and Adolescent Symptoms: The Moderating Roles of Father Residential Status and Type. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:3193-3206. [PMID: 32774077 PMCID: PMC7405962 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine if the longitudinal associations between father-adolescent conflict and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms in youth were moderated by fathers' residential status (i.e., whether or not he lived in the home) and type of residential father (i.e., biological or step). METHODS Adolescents (N = 146) completed a measure about conflict with their father or stepfather in 8th and 9th grade. At the same time points, mothers completed measures about the youths' externalizing and internalizing symptoms. RESULTS The association between 8th grade conflict and 9th grade externalizing symptoms was moderated by fathers' residential status. Conflict with fathers in 8th grade was positively associated with 9th grade externalizing symptoms when youths resided with their father (biological and stepfathers were included); in contrast, higher levels of father-adolescent conflict were associated with lower levels of subsequent externalizing symptoms when fathers did not live with the youth. Externalizing symptoms in 8th grade did not significantly predict father-adolescent conflict in grade 9. Regarding internalizing symptoms, the association between father-adolescent conflict in 8th grade and internalizing symptoms in 9th grade was moderated by father's residential status; conflict predicted higher levels of internalizing symptoms when the biological father lived elsewhere. Higher levels of 8th grade internalizing symptoms also significantly predicted greater conflict between adolescents and their fathers in 9th grade for residential fathers only. CONCLUSIONS The associations among adolescent emotional and behavioral outcomes and paternal-child relationship qualities vary with symptom type and family structures and, thus, warrant further comprehensive study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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MacKenzie LE, Uher R, Pavlova B. Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:297-305. [PMID: 30586133 PMCID: PMC6439825 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Findings of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder (MDD), including remitted MDD, raise the question whether impaired cognition is part of preexisting vulnerability rather than a consequence of MDD or its treatment. To our knowledge, no meta-analyses have been published on cognitive impairment in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD. OBJECTIVE To compare cognitive performance between individuals with and without family history of MDD. DATA SOURCES Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase using combinations of search terms for depression, first-degree relatives, and cognition from January 1, 1980, to July 15, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Original articles that reported data on cognition in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD compared with controls with no family history of major mental illness. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Means and SDs were extracted, and standardized mean differences (SMD) between relatives and controls were calculated for each measure of cognitive performance. The relative-control differences in overall cognition and in specific cognitive domains were synthesized in random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation that allows including multiple correlated measures of cognition within each study. Heterogeneity was quantified with τ2. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger intercept. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Performance on cognitive tests. RESULTS Across 284 measures of cognition in 54 nonoverlapping samples including 3246 relatives of people with MDD (mean age 15.38 years, 57.68% females) and 5222 controls (mean age 14.70 years, 55.93% females), relatives of people with MDD performed worse than controls across all measures of cognition (SMD = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.11; P < .001). Domain-specific meta-analyses showed similar size of relative-control difference in most domains of cognition, including Full-Scale IQ (SMD = -0.19), verbal intelligence (SMD = -0.29), perceptual intelligence (SMD = -0.23), memory (SMD = -0.20), academic performance (SMD = -0.40), and language (SMD = -0.29). Study characteristics were not significantly associated with observed between-group differences. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A general impairment in cognition is a feature of familial disposition for MDD. Cognition may contribute to early identification of risk for depression and may be examined as potential target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn E. MacKenzie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Barbara Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Sexual intercourse among adolescent daughters of mothers with depressive symptoms from minority families. J Adolesc 2016; 51:81-91. [PMID: 27326541 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent engagement in sexual intercourse in a non-clinical sample of mothers and their adolescent daughters from minority families. The current study explores ways in which maternal depression, family factors, and adolescent sex interact. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 176 mother-daughter dyads, including a subset of mothers with HIV. Logistic regression analyses revealed that among mothers who were not current marijuana users, more maternal depressive symptoms was associated with daughters' engagement in sexual intercourse. Neither parent-child conflict nor parental involvement significantly mediated the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent sex. This study provides the first empirical evidence that non-clinical depressive symptoms in mothers are associated with adolescent engagement in sexual intercourse.
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Esch P, Bocquet V, Pull C, Couffignal S, Lehnert T, Graas M, Fond-Harmant L, Ansseau M. The downward spiral of mental disorders and educational attainment: a systematic review on early school leaving. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:237. [PMID: 25159271 PMCID: PMC4244046 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most psychiatric disorders present symptom patterns that cause severe impairment on the emotional, cognitive and social level. Thus, adolescents who suffer from a mental disorder risk finding themselves in a downward spiral caused by the reciprocal association of psychological symptoms and negative school experiences that may culminate in early school leaving. In addition to previous collective work that mainly focused on school refusing behaviour among children and was presented as an expert's opinion, the following systematic review fills the knowledge gap by providing a structured overview of the bidirectional association between mental health and secondary school dropout based on a sound methodology and with a particular focus on mediating factors. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched from January 1990 until June 2014. Selected references were assessed for study details, main results, mediating factors and methodological limitations. Standardized risk of bias assessment was conducted. RESULTS Mood and anxiety disorders seemed to have a less consequential direct effect on early school leaving than substance use and disruptive behaviour disorders. The association between externalizing disorders and educational attainment was even stronger when the disorder occurred early in life. On the other hand, internalizing disorders were reported to develop as a consequence of school dropout. Only few studies had addressed gender differences, with discrepant results. Socio-economic background, academic achievement and family support were identified as significant mediating factors of the association between mental disorders and subsequent educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggested a strong association between mental health and education, in both directions. However, most studies focused on mediating factors that could not be targeted by intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Esch
- Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Valéry Bocquet
- Competence Centre of Methodology and Statistics, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen, 1445 Luxembourg
| | - Charles Pull
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Rue Ernest Barblé 4, Luxembourg, 1210 Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Couffignal
- Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen, 1445 Luxembourg
| | - Torsten Lehnert
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier du Kirchberg, Rue Edward Steichen 9, Luxembourg, 2540 Luxembourg
| | - Marc Graas
- Centre Hospitalier Neuro-Psychiatrique, Avenue des Alliés 17, Ettelbruck, 9002 Luxembourg
| | - Laurence Fond-Harmant
- Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen, 1445 Luxembourg
| | - Marc Ansseau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital 13, Liège, 4000 Belgium
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Korhonen M, Luoma I, Salmelin R, Tamminen T. Maternal depressive symptoms: associations with adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems and social competence. Nord J Psychiatry 2014; 68:323-32. [PMID: 24070429 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2013.838804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative effect of maternal depressive symptoms on child wellbeing has been quite extensively studied. There is, however, debate as to whether it is the timing, the recurrence or the chronicity of maternal depressive symptoms that puts the child's wellbeing at risk. AIMS This study explores the associations between the timing, recurrence and the patterns of maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent psychosocial functioning. METHODS One hundred and ninety-one mothers and 192 adolescents were followed up from the mother's pregnancy to the child's adolescence. Maternal depressive symptoms were screened with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale prenatally, postnatally, in early and middle childhood, and at adolescence. The adolescents' outcomes were screened using Child Behavior Checklists and Youth Self Reports. RESULTS The results indicate that the initial exposure to maternal depressive symptoms at pregnancy is associated with more externalizing problems in adolescence, 2 months postnatally with more internalizing problems, in early childhood with poorer social competence and concurrently with more externalizing problems. Combined analyses indicate that recurrent maternal depressive symptoms best explain adolescents' internalizing problems and the chronic pattern of maternal depressive symptoms externalizing problems. The chronic and intermittent patterns of maternal depressive symptoms best explained adolescents' poorer social competence. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent or chronic maternal depressive symptoms rather than the timing predict adolescents' psychosocial problems better. The timing, however, may explain the different kinds of problems in adolescence depending on the developmental task at the time of the exposure. The findings should be noted when treating both mothers and children in psychiatric clinics and other health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Korhonen
- Marie Korhonen, M.D., School of Medicine, University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
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Killebrew AE, Smith ML, Nevels RM, Weiss NH, Gontkovsky ST. African-American Adolescent Females in the Southeastern United States: Associations Among Risk Factors for Teen Pregnancy. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.748591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ramrakha S, Paul C, Bell ML, Dickson N, Moffitt TE, Caspi A. The relationship between multiple sex partners and anxiety, depression, and substance dependence disorders: a cohort study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2013; 42:863-72. [PMID: 23400516 PMCID: PMC3752789 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-012-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in sexual behavior have resulted in longer periods of multiple serial or concurrent relationships. This study investigated the effects of multiple heterosexual partners on mental health, specifically, whether higher numbers of partners were linked to later anxiety, depression, and substance dependency. Data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a prospective, longitudinal study of a birth cohort born in 1972-1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand were used. The relationship between numbers of sex partners over three age periods (18-20, 21-25, and 26-32 years) and diagnoses of anxiety, depression, and substance dependence disorder at 21, 26, and 32 years were examined, using logistic regression. Interaction by gender was examined. Adjustment was made for prior mental health status. There was no significant association between number of sex partners and later anxiety and depression. Increasing numbers of sex partners were associated with increasing risk of substance dependence disorder at all three ages. The association was stronger for women and remained after adjusting for prior disorder. For women reporting 2.5 or more partners per year, compared to 0-1 partners, the adjusted odd ratios (and 95 % CIs) were 9.6 (4.4-20.9), 7.3 (2.5-21.3), and 17.5 (3.5-88.1) at 21, 26, and 32 years, respectively. Analyses using new cases of these disorders showed similar patterns. This study established a strong association between number of sex partners and later substance disorder, especially for women, which persisted beyond prior substance use and mental health problems more generally. The reasons for this association deserve investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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O'Leary A, Jemmott JB, Jemmott LS, Bellamy S, Ngwane Z, Icard L, Gueits L. Moderation and mediation of an effective HIV risk-reduction intervention for South African adolescents. Ann Behav Med 2013; 44:181-91. [PMID: 22618963 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Let Us Protect Our Future" is a sexual risk-reduction intervention for sixth-grade adolescents in South Africa. Tested in a cluster-randomized controlled trial, the intervention significantly reduced self-reported intercourse and unprotected intercourse during a 12-month follow-up period. PURPOSE The present analyses were conducted to identify moderators of the intervention's efficacy as well as, which theory-based variables mediated the intervention's effects. METHODS Intervention efficacy over the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up was tested using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS Living with their father in the home, parental strictness, and religiosity moderated the efficacy of the intervention in reducing unprotected intercourse. Self-efficacy to avoid risky situations and expected parental disapproval of their having intercourse, derived from Social Cognitive Theory, significantly mediated the intervention's effect on abstinence. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that Social Cognitive variables mediate the efficacy of a sexual risk-reduction intervention among South African adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann O'Leary
- Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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White SW, Kelly FD. The School Counselor's Role in School Dropout Prevention. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morris MC, Ciesla JA, Garber J. A prospective study of the cognitive-stress model of depressive symptoms in adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008; 117:719-34. [PMID: 19025221 PMCID: PMC5528163 DOI: 10.1037/a0013741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This prospective study investigated a cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in adolescents across the transition from 6th to 7th grade using individual, additive, weakest link, and keystone approaches to operationalizing the cognitive vulnerability. Participants were 240 young adolescents (mean age = 11.87 years, SD = 0.57) who differed in risk for mood disorders based on their mother's history of depression. Results of the hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated some support for the individual, additive, weakest link, and keystone diatheses. In particular, the weakest link diathesis interacted with stress and gender to predict increases in depressive symptoms in 7th grade; the form of this interaction was consistent with the cognitive diathesis-stress model for boys, whereas for girls the pattern of relations reflected more of a dual-vulnerability model. That is, high levels of depressive symptoms were found for all girls except those with more positive cognitive styles and low stress levels. These findings highlight the utility of examining different approaches to combining measures of cognitive vulnerability in conjunction with stress in predicting depressive symptoms, and the importance of exploring gender differences with regard to the cognitive diathesis-stress model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Morris
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Wan MW, Abel KM, Green J. The transmission of risk to children from mothers with schizophrenia: A developmental psychopathology model. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28:613-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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