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Shuvalova M, Dmitrieva A, Belousov V, Nosov G. The role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier. Tissue Barriers 2024:2361202. [PMID: 38808582 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2361202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the exchange of metabolites and cells between the blood and brain, and maintains central nervous system homeostasis. Various factors affect BBB barrier functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can act as stressors, damaging biological molecules, but they also serve as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades during redox signaling. The impact of ROS on the BBB has been observed in multiple sclerosis, stroke, trauma, and other neurological disorders, making blocking ROS generation a promising therapeutic strategy for BBB dysfunction. However, it is important to consider ROS generation during normal BBB functioning for signaling purposes. This review summarizes data on proteins expressed by BBB cells that can be targets of redox signaling or oxidative stress. It also provides examples of signaling molecules whose impact may cause ROS generation in the BBB, as well as discusses the most common diseases associated with BBB dysfunction and excessive ROS generation, open questions that arise in the study of this problem, and possible ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Shuvalova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Dmitrieva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii Nosov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Mirabito Colafella KM, Neuman RI, Visser W, Danser AHJ, Versmissen J. Aspirin for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia: A matter of COX-1 and/or COX-2 inhibition? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 127:132-141. [PMID: 31420920 PMCID: PMC7496715 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, we have known that aspirin can reduce the risk of pre‐eclampsia. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining this risk reduction are poorly understood. Both cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1‐ and COX‐2‐dependent effects might be involved. As a consequence of this knowledge hiatus, the optimal dose and timing of initiation of aspirin therapy are not clear. Here, we review how (COX‐1 versus COX‐2 inhibition) and when (prevention versus treatment) aspirin therapy may interfere with the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia. The available evidence suggests that both COX‐1‐ and COX‐2‐dependent effects play important roles in the early stage of aberrant placental development and in the next phase leading to the clinical syndrome of pre‐eclampsia. Collectively, these data suggest that high‐dose (dual COX inhibition) aspirin may be superior to standard low‐dose (selective COX‐1 inhibition) aspirin for the prevention and also treatment of pre‐eclampsia. Therefore, we conclude that more functional and biochemical tests are needed to unravel the contribution of prostanoids in the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia and the potential of dual COX and/or selective COX‐2 inhibition for the prevention and treatment of pre‐eclampsia. This information is vital if we are to deduce the suitability, optimal timing and dose of aspirin and/or a specific COX‐2 inhibitor (most likely using modified forms that do not cross the placenta) that can then be tested in a randomized, controlled trial instead of the current practice of empirical dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rugina I Neuman
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy Visser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorie Versmissen
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Naderi MM, Sarvari A, Saviz A, Naji T, Borjian Boroujeni S, Heidari B, Behzadi B, Akhondi MM, Shirazi A. The effect of aldosterone on Na+/K+/ATPase expression and development of embryos derived from vitrified-warmed sheep oocytes. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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4
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Bickford JS, Ali NF, Nick JA, Al-Yahia M, Beachy DE, Doré S, Nick HS, Waters MF. Endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction alters cerebral gene expression in iron homeostasis and eicosanoid metabolism. Brain Res 2014; 1588:25-36. [PMID: 25230250 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins are potent vasoconstrictors and signaling molecules. Their effects are broad, impacting processes ranging from neurovascular and cardiovascular health to cell migration and survival. In stroke, traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid hemorrhage, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is induced resulting in cerebral vasospasm, ischemia, reperfusion and the activation of various pathways. Given the central role that ET-1 plays in these patients and to identify the downstream molecular events specific to transient vasoconstriction, we studied the consequences of ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction of the middle cerebral artery in a rat model. Our observations demonstrate that ET-1 can lead to increases in gene expression, including genes associated with the inflammatory response (Ifnb, Il6, Tnf) and oxidative stress (Hif1a, Myc, Sod2). We also observed inductions (>2 fold) of genes involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis (Pla2g4a, Pla2g4b, Ptgs2, Ptgis, Alox12, Alox15), heme metabolism (Hpx, Hmox1, Prdx1) and iron homeostasis (Hamp, Tf). Our findings demonstrate that mRNA levels for the hormone hepcidin (Hamp) are induced in the brain in response to ET-1, providing a novel target in the treatment of multiple conditions. These changes on the ipsilateral side were also accompanied by corresponding changes in a subset of genes in the contralateral hemisphere. Understanding ET-1-mediated events at the molecular level may lead to better treatments for neurological diseases and provide significant impact on neurological function, morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Bickford
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Narjis F Ali
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jerelyn A Nick
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Musab Al-Yahia
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dawn E Beachy
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Harry S Nick
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael F Waters
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100296 Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Dou L, Sallée M, Cerini C, Poitevin S, Gondouin B, Jourde-Chiche N, Fallague K, Brunet P, Calaf R, Dussol B, Mallet B, Dignat-George F, Burtey S. The cardiovascular effect of the uremic solute indole-3 acetic acid. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:876-87. [PMID: 25145928 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In CKD, uremic solutes may induce endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, leading to increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether the uremic solute indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) predicts clinical outcomes in patients with CKD and has prooxidant and proinflammatory effects. We studied 120 patients with CKD. During the median study period of 966 days, 29 patients died and 35 experienced a major cardiovascular event. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that mortality and cardiovascular events were significantly higher in the higher IAA group (IAA>3.73 µM) than in the lower IAA group (IAA<3.73 µM). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that serum IAA was a significant predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events after adjustments for age and sex; cholesterol, systolic BP, and smoking; C-reactive protein, phosphate, body mass index, and albumin; diastolic BP and history of cardiovascular disease; and uremic toxins p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate. Notably, IAA level remained predictive of mortality when adjusted for CKD stage. IAA levels were positively correlated with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde, respectively. In cultured human endothelial cells, IAA activated an inflammatory nongenomic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway that induced the proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, IAA increased production of endothelial reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, serum IAA may be an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. In vitro, IAA induces endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress and activates an inflammatory AhR/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Dou
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France;
| | - Marion Sallée
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France; Nephrology Dialysis Renal Transplantation Center, APHM, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Cerini
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bertrand Gondouin
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France; Nephrology Dialysis Renal Transplantation Center, APHM, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Noemie Jourde-Chiche
- Nephrology Dialysis Renal Transplantation Center, APHM, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Karim Fallague
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France; Nephrology Dialysis Renal Transplantation Center, APHM, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Raymond Calaf
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France; and
| | - Bertrand Dussol
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France; Nephrology Dialysis Renal Transplantation Center, APHM, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Mallet
- Biochemistry Laboratory, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Stephane Burtey
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, UMR 1076, Marseille, France; Nephrology Dialysis Renal Transplantation Center, APHM, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
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Li H, Gao S, Ye J, Feng X, Cai Y, Liu Z, Lu J, Li Q, Huang X, Chen S, Liu P. COX-2 is involved in ET-1-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes: role of NFATc3. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:998-1006. [PMID: 24291639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a critical molecule that involved in heart failure. It has been proved that ET-1 stimulation results in cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanisms underlying remain largely unknown. In this study, we reported that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might be an important mediator of hypertrophic responses to ET-1 stimulation. In the cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, ET-1 significantly upregulated the expression and activity of COX-2, which was accompanied by increase in cell surface area and BNP mRNA level. In contrast, ET-1-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was abolished by COX-2 selective inhibitors, NS-398 and celecoxib, or by COX-2 RNA interference, but the inhibitory effects could be diminished by pretreatment with PGE2. Furthermore, cyclosporin A (CsA) and knockdown of nuclear factor of activated T-cells c3 (NFATc3) inhibited the expression of COX-2 induced by ET-1, and NFATc3 could also bound to the -GGAAA- sequence in the promoter region of rat COX-2 gene, indicating that calcineurin/NFATc3 signaling participated in the transcriptional regulation of COX-2 following ET-1 treatment. These findings provided further insight into the roles of ET-1 in cardiac hypertrophy and suggested a potential therapeutic strategy against cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting COX-2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Calcineurin/genetics
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Celecoxib
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Nitrobenzenes/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Snake Venom, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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7
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Cycloxygenase-2 is essential for the survival and proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 61:637-41. [PMID: 21830126 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cycloxygenase-2 catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid and this enzyme has been implicated in the metastasis of gastric cancer. In order to examine the significance of cycloxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in the survival and proliferation of gastric cancer cells, we have stably overexpressed an antisense Cox-2 in two gastric cancer cell lines, SGC7901 and AGS, in order to reduce the expression of this protein. The sense and antisense Cox-2 expression vectors were created by cloning COX-2 cDNA, in pIRES2-EGFP plasmid. Cox-2 gene expression was monitored by RT-PCR and Western blotting and the results indicated that cells with antisense Cox-2 construct had significantly reduced Cox-2 expression in comparison to the cells that received sense-Cox-2 plasmid. Reduction of Cox-2 expression in SGC7901 and AGS gastric cancer cells led to markedly decreased proliferation. The metastatic capability of the two cell lines, as assessed by in vitro colony formation assay, is also significantly compromised by lowered Cox-2 expression. Thus, this study demonstrates that Cox-2 activity is necessary for the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.
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8
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Vasudevan H, Lau S, Jiang J, McNeill JH. Effects of insulin resistance and testosterone on the participation of cyclooxygenase isoforms in vascular reactivity. J Exp Pharmacol 2010; 2:169-79. [PMID: 27186103 PMCID: PMC4863301 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone plays an important role in mediating hypertension and altered vascular reactivity associated with insulin resistance. In addition to other pathways, testosterone-dependent changes in aortic cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA levels affect blood pressure following insulin resistance. However their effects on vascular tone are unclear. We studied the changes in contraction response to phenylephrine (PE) in the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) from intact and gonadectomized fructose-fed rats. Constriction response to PE was studied in tissues incubated with the COX-1 and COX-2-selective antagonists, SC-560 and NS-398, respectively, and indomethacin, in addition to assessing its role in endothelium-dependent relaxation. Finally changes in COX-2 protein expression and plasma thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a downstream vasoconstrictor metabolite of COX-2, were measured. In fructose-fed rats, castration prevented the increase in blood pressure but not insulin resistance. The involvement of COX-2 in mediating the alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction was higher in intact rat aorta compared to COX-1, which was prevented by castration. However, in the SMA, COX-2 participation was dependent on testosterone alone. Fructose-induced attenuation of endothelial relaxation was restored by indomethacin, which suggests a pro-vasoconstrictor role for COX. Both diet and testosterone did not alter vascular COX-2 expression thus suggesting the involvement of downstream testosterone-dependent pathways. This is supported by increased plasma TXA2 in the castrated rats compared to intact rats. Isoform-specific actions of COX are tissue-selective in states of insulin resistance and involve potential testosterone-dependent downstream targets. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of androgens and insulin resistance in vascular arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Vasudevan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sally Lau
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Pediatric Oncology, Children and Women's Hospital, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John H McNeill
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Su Q, Jia RP, Lin J, Xu LW, Wang ZZ, Li WC, Wang SK. Effect of endothelin-1 on cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human hormone refractory prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:495-499. [PMID: 22966331 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of recombinant human endothelin (ET)-1 on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in human hormone refractory prostate cancer PC3 cells. PC3 cells were treated with 100 nmol/l ET-1 for the indicated times (3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h) and concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nmol/l) for 24 h. Moreover, 100 nmol/l ET-1 was used to treat PC3 cells alone or in combination with endothelin A receptor (ET(A)R) antagonist BQ123 (1 μmol/l), endothelin B receptor (ET(B)R) antagonist BQ788 (1 μmol/l), MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)-selective inhibitor, PD98059 (10 μmol/l), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antagonist SB203580 (5 μmol/l) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist AG1478 (0.1 μmol/l) for 24 h. COX-2 mRNA and protein expression was detected in the PC3 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. ET-1 induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expression of COX-2 in the PC3 cells. BQ123, LY294002, SC203580 and AG1478 prevented the expression of COX-2 in the PC3 cells (P<0.05), while BQ788 did not. ET-1 induced the up-regulation of COX-2 in the PC3 cells. ET(A)R may be involved in the process. Several signaling pathways, including p42/44 MAPK, p38 MAPK and EGFR, are therefore implicated in the regulation of COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
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10
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Feitoza CQ, Semedo P, Gonçalves GM, Cenedeze MA, Pinheiro HS, Dos Santos OFP, Landgraf RG, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Modulation of inflammatory response by selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in acute kidney injury. Inflamm Res 2009; 59:167-75. [PMID: 19711010 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This work explored the role of inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COXs) in modulating the inflammatory response triggered by acute kidney injury. MATERIAL C57Bl/6 mice were used. TREATMENT Animals were treated or not with indomethacin (IMT) prior to injury (days -1 and 0). METHODS Animals were subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion and sacrificed at 24 h after reperfusion. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, reactive oxygen species (ROS), kidney myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) levels were analyzed. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, t-bet, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1beta, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) messenger RNA (mRNA) were studied. Cytokines were quantified in serum. RESULTS IMT-treated animals presented better renal function with less acute tubular necrosis and reduced ROS and MPO production. Moreover, the treatment was associated with lower expression of TNF-alpha, PGE(2), PGES, and t-bet and upregulation of HO-1 and IL-10. This profile was mirrored in serum, where inhibition of COXs significantly decreased interferon (IFN)-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p70 and upregulated IL-10. CONCLUSIONS COXs seem to play an important role in renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, involving the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of neutrophils, and ROS production. Inhibition of COX pathway is intrinsically involved with cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Q Feitoza
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Le Brocq M, Leslie SJ, Milliken P, Megson IL. Endothelial dysfunction: from molecular mechanisms to measurement, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1631-74. [PMID: 18598143 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated as a key factor in the development of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, but its definition and mechanisms vary greatly between different disease processes. This review combines evidence from cell-culture experiments, in vitro and in vivo animal models, and clinical studies to identify the variety of mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction in its broadest sense. Several prominent disease states, including hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, are used to illustrate the different manifestations of endothelial dysfunction and to establish its clinical implications in the context of the range of mechanisms involved in its development. The size of the literature relating to this subject precludes a comprehensive survey; this review aims to cover the key elements of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and to highlight the importance of the process across many different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Le Brocq
- Health Faculty, UHI Millennium Institute, Inverness, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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12
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Peng H, Chen P, Cai Y, Chen Y, Wu QH, Li Y, Zhou R, Fang X. Endothelin-1 increases expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of interlukin-8 in hunan pulmonary epithelial cells. Peptides 2008; 29:419-24. [PMID: 18191873 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in inflammatory processes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) might be also involved in the pathophysilogical processes in COPD. In the present study, we determined whether ET-1 could regulate the expression of COX-2 and alter the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). Induced sputum samples were collected from 13 stable COPD patients and 14 healthy subjects. The COX-2 protein, ET-1, PGE(2) and IL-8 in these sputum samples were analyzed. A549 cells were incubated with ET-1 in the presence or absence of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. The expression of COX-2 protein in the cell and the amounts of PGE(2) and IL-8 in the medium were measured. The levels of COX-2 protein, ET-1, PGE(2) and IL-8 were significantly increased in induced sputum from COPD patients when compared to healthy subjects. ET-1 increased the expression of COX-2 protein, as well as the production of PGE(2) in A549 cells. Increased production of PGE(2) was inhibited by celecoxib. ET-1 also increased the production of IL-8. Interestingly, ET-1-induced production of IL-8 was also inhibited by celecoxib. These findings indicate that ET-1 plays important roles in regulating COX-2 expression and production of IL-8 in A549 cells. ET-1 mediated production of IL-8 is likely through a COX-2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Allan A, Fenning A, Levick S, Hoey A, Brown L. Reversal of cardiac dysfunction by selective ET-A receptor antagonism. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 146:846-53. [PMID: 16151437 PMCID: PMC1751222 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of a selective endothelin receptor-A (ET-A) antagonist, A-127722 (approximately 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) as 200 mg kg(-1) powdered food), to reverse existing cardiac remodelling and prevent further remodelling was tested in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Uninephrectomised rats (UNX) administered DOCA (25 mg every fourth day s.c.) and 1% NaCl in drinking water for 28 days developed hypertension (systolic blood pressure (BP): UNX 128+/-6 mmHg, DOCA-salt 182+/-5* mmHg; *P<0.05 vs UNX), left ventricular hypertrophy (UNX 1.99+/-0.06 mg kg(-1) body wt, DOCA-salt 3.30+/-0.08* mg kg(-1) body wt), decreased left ventricular internal diameter (UNX 6.69+/-0.18 mm, DOCA-salt 5.51+/-0.37* mm), an increased left ventricular monocyte/macrophage infiltration together with an increased interstitial collagen from 2.7+/-0.3 to 11.7+/-1.3%, increased passive diastolic stiffness (UNX 21.1+/-0.5, DOCA-salt 30.1+/-1.3*), prolongation of the action potential duration at 20 and 90% of repolarisation (APD20-UNX 6.8+/-1.1, DOCA-salt 10.1+/-1.5* ms; APD90-UNX 34.4+/-3.5 ms, DOCA-salt 64.3+/-10.4* ms) and vascular dysfunctions (2.6-fold decrease in maximal contractile response to noradrenaline, 3.5-fold decrease in maximal relaxation response to acetylcholine). Administration of A-127722 for 14 days starting 14 days after surgery attenuated the increases in systolic BP (150+/-6** mmHg, **P<0.05 vs DOCA-salt), left ventricular wet weight (2.65+/-0.06** mg kg(-1) body wt) and internal diameter (6.39+/-0.31** mm), prevented left ventricular monocyte/macrophage accumulation, attenuated the increased left ventricular interstitial collagen (7.6+/-1.3%**), reversed the increased passive diastolic stiffness (22.1+/-1.2**), attenuated the action potential duration prolongation (APD20 - 7.6+/-1.4**, APD90 - 41.5+/-6.9** ms) and normalised changes in vascular function. ET-A receptor antagonism both reverses and prevents the cardiac and vascular remodelling in DOCA-salt hypertension and improves cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Allan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew Fenning
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Levick
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew Hoey
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Author for correspondence:
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