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Valizadeh Osalo M, Hosseini P, Charkhian H, Soltanzadeh H, Goharkhany S, Tuncer SB. The prevalence of ADSL (rs3788579) and CYP1A2 (rs17861162) polymorphisms in female breast cancer patients in North-West Iran. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:59. [PMID: 38433141 PMCID: PMC10909800 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a prevalent and significant contributor to cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Its increasing incidence, especially in regions like North-West Iran, necessitates a deeper understanding of genetic factors contributing to its development. Genetic alterations, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are implicated in breast cancer susceptibility, making investigation in this context crucial. This study explores the role of CYP1A2-rs17861162 and ADSL-rs3788579 SNPs in breast cancer risk among Iranian women. METHODS This study involved 200 female breast cancer patients and 200 healthy controls in North-West Iran. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping the CYP1A2 and ADSL genes. RESULTS The CYP1A2-rs17861162 SNP exhibited a shift from the C allele to the G allele in breast cancer patients, resulting in a 21.7% decrease in CC genotype frequency and a 21.6% and 77.8% increase in CG and GG genotypes, respectively, compared to controls. In ADSL-rs3788579 SNP, breast cancer patients had a significantly higher prevalence of the T allele, with a 28.5% increase compared to controls. In healthy participants, CC was most common, while in the breast cancer group, TT was most common. CONCLUSION This study highlights significant genetic alterations in CYP1A2-rs17861162 and ADSL-rs3788579 SNPs among breast cancer patients in North-West Iran, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying their contributions to breast cancer susceptibility in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Charkhian
- Young Researchers Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hossien Soltanzadeh
- Department of Genetics, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Selda Goharkhany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seref Bugra Tuncer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kukal S, Thakran S, Kanojia N, Yadav S, Mishra MK, Guin D, Singh P, Kukreti R. Genic-intergenic polymorphisms of CYP1A genes and their clinical impact. Gene 2023; 857:147171. [PMID: 36623673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The humancytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) subfamily genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, encoding monooxygenases are critically involved in biotransformation of key endogenous substrates (estradiol, arachidonic acid, cholesterol) and exogenous compounds (smoke constituents, carcinogens, caffeine, therapeutic drugs). This suggests their significant involvement in multiple biological pathways with a primary role of maintaining endogenous homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification. Large interindividual variability exist in CYP1A gene expression and/or catalytic activity of the enzyme, which is primarily due to the existence of polymorphic alleles which encode them. These polymorphisms (mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been extensively studied as susceptibility factors in a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. An in-depth understanding of the effects of polymorphic CYP1A genes on the differential metabolic activity and the resulting biological pathways is needed to explain the clinical implications of CYP1A polymorphisms. The present review is intended to provide an integrated understanding of CYP1A metabolic activity with unique substrate specificity and their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological roles. The article further emphasizes on the impact of widely studied CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 SNPs and their complex interaction with non-genetic factors like smoking and caffeine intake on multiple clinical phenotypes. Finally, we attempted to discuss the alterations in metabolism/physiology concerning the polymorphic CYP1A genes, which may underlie the reported clinical associations. This knowledge may provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, risk stratification, response to therapy and potential drug targets for individuals with certain CYP1A genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Association of xenobiotic-metabolizing genes polymorphisms with cervical cancer risk in the Tunisian population. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:949-959. [PMID: 36376536 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host genetic characteristics and environmental factors interactions may play a crucial role in cervical carcinogenesis. We investigated the impact of functional genetic variants of four xenobiotic-metabolizing genes (AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1) on cervical cancer development in Tunisian women. METHODS The AhR gene polymorphism was analyzed using the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR, whereas the CYP1A1 polymorphism genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP. A multiplex ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction approach was applied for the analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. RESULTS The homozygous A/A genotype of the AhR gene (rs2066853) and the heterozygous T/C genotype of the CYP1A1 SNP (CYP1A1-MspI) appeared to be associated with an increased risk of cervical tumorigenesis (ORa = 2.81; ORa = 5.52, respectively). Furthermore, a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer was associated with the GSTT1 null genotype (ORa = 2.65). However, the null GSTM1 genotype showed any significant association with the risk of cervical cancer compared to the wild genotype (ORa = 1.18; p = 0.784). Considering the combined effect, we noted a significantly higher association with cancer risk for individuals with at least two high-risk genotypes of CYP1A1/GSTT1 (ORa = 4.2), individuals with at least two high-risk genotypes of CYP1A1/GSTT1/AhR (ORa = 11.3) and individuals with at least two high-risk genotypes of CYP1A1/GSTM1/GSTT1/AhR exploitation low-risk genotype as a reference. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the single-gene contribution and the combined effect of xenobiotic-metabolizing gene polymorphisms (AhR, CYP1A1-MspI, GSTM1, and GSTT1) may have a considerable association with increased cervical cancer risk.
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Coffee consumption and breast cancer risk: a narrative review in the general population and in different subtypes of breast cancer. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1197-1235. [PMID: 33442757 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most of the existing literature reports no association or a slight negative association between coffee consumption and the risk of developing breast cancer. However, the level of risk differs when considering various subgroups, such as menopausal status, hormonal status of the tumor or genetic mutations. The present review based on a literature search sets the point on the potential influence of a common daily drink, coffee, on the risk of developing breast cancer in the general population, in different subgroups of women and the consequences of drinking coffee after breast cancer has been diagnosed and treated. RESULTS This review confirms that in the general population, there is no association between coffee intake and breast cancer risk or a slight protective effect, even at high dosages. Coffee is inversely associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and in women carrying a BRCA1 mutation. Possible risk differences exist between slow and fast caffeine metabolizers and with weight. Coffee consumption after breast cancer diagnosis and surgery, associated with tamoxifen and/or radiotherapy, reduced the occurrence of early events. The effects of coffee intake are less clear in other subgroups, mainly premenopausal women, women carrying a BRCA2 mutation and tumors with variable hormonal status (positive or negative for ER/PR) and would need additional studies.
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Li H, Luo L, Wang D, Duan J, Zhang R. Lack of association between multiple polymorphisms in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) gene and cancer susceptibility. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:79. [PMID: 33278884 PMCID: PMC7718691 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is commonly known as an environmental sensor. Polymorphisms in AhR gene have been implicated in susceptibility to cancer. However, the results were controversial. This study was conducted to quantitatively summarize the association between AhR polymorphisms and cancer risk by meta-analysis. METHODS Relevant reports were searched in four databases (Embase, PubMed, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure). We used pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to evaluate the strength of the association in both standard and cumulative meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis was also performed, and between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were checked. RESULTS A total of seventeen studies referring to three AhR polymorphisms (rs2066853, rs7796976, and rs2074113) were identified, and 9557 cases and 10038 controls were included. There was no statistically significant association of AhR rs2066853 polymorphism with cancer risk in the overall population, and the negative results were repeated in subgroup analysis by the ethnicity and cancer type. Concerning AhR rs7796976 or rs2074113 polymorphism, no significant correlation was detected. Moreover, these non-significant findings were stable in sensitivity analysis, and the cumulative meta-analysis indicated a trend of no significant link between this three AhR polymorphisms and cancer risk as more data accumulated over time. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that the rs2066853, rs7796976, or rs2074113 polymorphism in AhR gene is not a susceptible predictor of cancer. Further clinical and functional investigation between AhR polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76, Linjiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Army Medical Center (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Chongqing, 400042, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, Yuzhong District, China.
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Wu CQ, Lin QR, Ying SJ, Luo JK, Hong WJ, Lin ZJ, Jiang Y. Association of Crohn's Disease with Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Patients from Southeast China. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:809-821. [PMID: 31405308 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1569677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aims The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a pivotal role in regulating the innate and the acquired immune systems. The present study aimed to investigate the association of Crohn's disease (CD) with AhR polymorphisms in a cohort of patients from Southeast China. Methods An improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique was applied to examine the polymorphisms of rs2158041, rs2066853, and rs10249788 in 310 patients with CD and 573 controls. Results Compared to the controls, the variant allele (T) and genotype (CT+TT) of rs2158041 were less frequent in patients with CD (both p < 0.05). Similar conclusions were drawn from patients with ileal CD and with stricture CD as compared to the controls (all p < 0.0083). However, no significant differences were observed in allele and genotype frequencies of rs2066853 and rs10249788 between patients with CD and the controls (all p > 0.05). Although rs2158041 and rs10249788 were in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs2066853, respectively, only the frequency of haplotype (TG) formed by rs2158041 and rs2066853 was significantly lower in patients with CD than that in the controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions AhR (rs2158041) might be a susceptible locus for CD, especially for the two subtypes: ileal CD and stricture CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Qian-Ru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Shi-Jie Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Jia-Kai Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Wei-Jun Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Zi-Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
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Mohammad‐Hasani A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Fallah A. Association of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (
AhRR
)‐c.565C>G transversion with male infertility: A case‐control study from Iran. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8999-9005. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mohammad‐Hasani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran Babolsar Iran
| | | | - Ali Fallah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran Babolsar Iran
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Budhwar S, Bahl C, Sharma S, Singh N, Behera D. Role of Sequence Variations in AhR Gene Towards Modulating Smoking Induced Lung Cancer Susceptibility in North Indian Population: A Multiple Interaction Analysis. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:313-326. [PMID: 29755293 PMCID: PMC5930452 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170915160606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: AhR, a ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor, upon its encounter with the foreign ligands activates the transcriptional machinery of genes encoding for bio-transformation enzymes like CYP1A1 hence, mediating the metabolism of Poly aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines which account for the maximally found carcinogen in cigarette smoke. Polymorphic variants of AhR play a significant role and are held responsible for disposing the individuals with greater chances of acquiring lung cancer. Objective: To study the role of AhR variants (rs2282885, rs10250822, rs7811989, rs2066853) in affect-ing lung cancer susceptibility. Methods: 297 cases and 320 controls have been genotyped using PCR-RFLP technique. In order to find out the association, unconditional logistic regression approach was used. To analyze high order in-teractions Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction and Classification and regression tree was used. Results: Subjects carrying the variant genotype for AhR rs7811989 showed a two-fold risk (p=0.007) and a marginal risk was also seen in case of individuals carrying either single or double copy of suscep-tible allele for rs102550822 (p=0.02). Whereas the variant allele for rs2066853 showcased a strong pro-tective effect (p=0.003). SQCC individuals with mutant genotype of rs2066853 also exhibited a protec-tive effect towards lung cancer (OR=0.30, p=0.0013). The association of rs7811989 mutant genotype and rs10250822 mutant genotype was evident especially in smokers as compared to non-smokers. AhR rs2066853 showed a decreased risk in smokers with mutant genotype (p=0.002). MDR approach gave the best interaction model of AhR rs2066853 and smoking (CVC=10/10, prediction error=0.42). Conclusion: AhR polymorphic variations can significantly contribute towards lung cancer predisposi-tion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Budhwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab-147002, India
| | - Charu Bahl
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab-147002, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab-147002, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
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Shah IA, Mehta P, Lone MM, Rasool MT, Lone GN, Gulzar GM, Ganie FA, Bhat MA, Dar NA. CYP1A2*1F Gene Variant, Alkaline Salt Tea Intake and Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutr Cancer 2017; 70:146-152. [PMID: 29278931 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1412482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Unlike many other cancers, the relationship of CYP1A2*1F (rs762551) polymorphism with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk has not been assessed so far. To evaluate its association with ESCC, we conducted a case control study in Kashmir, India, a high risk region. We recruited 404 histopathologically confirmed ESCC cases and 404 controls, individually matched for sex, age and residence to the respective cases. Information was obtained on dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors in face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire from each subject. Genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing randomly selected samples. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We found that mutant genotype (AA) of CYP1A2*1F polymorphism was associated with ESCC risk (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.72-5.36). A very strong ESCC risk was observed in subjects who drank >1250 ml of salt tea daily and harbored mutant genotype of CYP1A2*1F (OR = 14.51; 95% CI: 5.33-39.47). The study indicates that CYP1A2*1F polymorphism is associated with ESCC risk and the risk is modified in salt drinkers. However, more replicative and mechanistic studies are needed to substantiate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrees Ayoub Shah
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Hazratbal, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India.,b Department of Human Genetics , Punjabi University Patiala , Patiala , Punjab , India
| | - Promila Mehta
- b Department of Human Genetics , Punjabi University Patiala , Patiala , Punjab , India
| | - M Maqbool Lone
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , SK Institute of Medical Sciences , Soura, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Malik Tariq Rasool
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , SK Institute of Medical Sciences , Soura, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Lone
- d Department of CVTS , SK Institute of Medical Sciences , Soura, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - G M Gulzar
- e Department of Gastroenterology , SK Institute of Medical Sciences , Soura, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Ganie
- d Department of CVTS , SK Institute of Medical Sciences , Soura, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Mohmmad Akbar Bhat
- d Department of CVTS , SK Institute of Medical Sciences , Soura, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India
| | - Nazir Ahmad Dar
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Kashmir , Hazratbal, Srinagar , Jammu & Kashmir , India
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Roman ÁC, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM, Merino JM, Mulero-Navarro S, Fernández-Salguero PM. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the crossroad of signalling networks with therapeutic value. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 185:50-63. [PMID: 29258844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well-known for its major contributions to the cellular responses against environmental toxins and carcinogens. Notably, AhR has also emerged as a key transcription factor controlling many physiological processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion and migration, pluripotency and stemness. These novel functions have broadened our understanding of the signalling pathways and molecular intermediates interacting with AhR under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Recent discoveries link AhR with the function of essential organs such as liver, skin and gonads, and with complex organismal structures including the immune and cardiovascular systems. The identification of potential endogenous ligands able to regulate AhR activity, opens the possibility of designing ad hoc molecules with pharmacological and/or therapeutic value to treat human diseases in which AhR may have a causal role. Integration of experimental data from in vitro and in vivo studies with "omic" analyses of human patients affected with cancer, immune diseases, inflammation or neurological disorders will likely contribute to validate the clinical relevance of AhR and the possible benefits of modulating its activity by pharmacologically-driven strategies. In this review, we will highlight signalling pathways involved in human diseases that could be targetable by AhR modulators and discuss the feasibility of using such molecules in therapy. The pros and cons of AhR-aimed approaches will be also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel C Roman
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimoud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jaime M Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Pedro M Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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Hong CH, Lee CH, Yu HS, Huang SK. Benzopyrene, a major polyaromatic hydrocarbon in smoke fume, mobilizes Langerhans cells and polarizes Th2/17 responses in epicutaneous protein sensitization through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:111-117. [PMID: 27129092 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease with genetic and environmental interactions. We previously reported lifetime exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with adult-onset AD. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is important in regulating environmental exposure to xenobiotics, including benzopyrenes (BP), a major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in cigarette smoke. However, how AhR regulates immune responses in sensitization phase of AD remained elusive. METHODS We investigated how BP affects epicutaneous sensitization response through AhR axis. We compared AhR expression in skin from AD patients and healthy controls. We measured immune responses (Langerhans cell migration and T cell polarization in epicutaneous Ova sensitization in mice with or without AhR defect. RESULTS We found AhR and ARNT (AhR nuclear translocator) are upregulated in AD skin. BP exposure increases Langerhans cell migration, and increases IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17 levels when lymph node cells were re-challenged with Ova. The increased cytokine levels were attenuated in AhR defected mice. AhR agonists (BP and ITE) decreased E-cadherin expression, while AhR antagonist (CH223191) increased it in human primary keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested AhR interacts with BP to polarize T cell responses, along with Langerhans cell migration. This study revealed a regulatory mechanism how cigarette smoking affects atopic sensitization through the benzopyrene-AhR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; National Health Research Institute, Miao-Li, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Health Research Institute, Miao-Li, Taiwan.
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Vukovic V, Ianuale C, Leoncini E, Pastorino R, Gualano MR, Amore R, Boccia S. Lack of association between polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene and risk of cancer: evidence from meta-analyses. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:83. [PMID: 26865042 PMCID: PMC4750358 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 genes have the potential to affect the individual capacity to convert pre-carcinogens into carcinogens. With these comprehensive meta-analyses, we aimed to provide a quantitative assessment of the association between the published genetic association studies on CYP1A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of cancer. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS bibliographic online databases and databases of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). After data extraction, we calculated Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between the retrieved CYP1A2 SNPs and cancer. Random effect model was used to calculate the pooled ORs. Begg and Egger tests, one-way sensitivity analysis were performed, when appropriate. We conducted stratified analyses by study design, sample size, ethnicity and tumour site. RESULTS Seventy case-control studies and one GWA study detailing on six different SNPs were included. Among the 71 included studies, 42 were population-based case-control studies, 28 hospital-based case-control studies and one genome-wide association study, including total of 47,413 cancer cases and 58,546 controls. The meta-analysis of 62 studies on rs762551, reported an OR of 1.03 (95% CI, 0.96-1.12) for overall cancer (P for heterogeneity < 0.01; I(2) = 50.4%). When stratifying for tumour site, an OR of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-1.01; P for heterogeneity = 0.23, I(2) = 28.5%) was reported for bladder cancer for those homozygous mutant of rs762551. An OR of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.95; P for heterogeneity = 0.09, I(2) = 58.1%) was obtained for the bladder cancer from the hospital-based studies and on Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS This large meta-analysis suggests no significant effect of the investigated CYP1A2 SNPs on cancer overall risk under various genetic models. However, when stratifying according to the tumour site, our results showed a borderline not significant OR of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-1.01) for bladder cancer for those homozygous mutant of rs762551. Due to the limitations of our meta-analyses, the results should be interpreted with attention and need to be further confirmed by high-quality studies, for all the potential CYP1A2 SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vukovic
- Institute of Public Health- Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carolina Ianuale
- Institute of Public Health- Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Leoncini
- Institute of Public Health- Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- Institute of Public Health- Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gualano
- Institute of Public Health- Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosarita Amore
- Institute of Public Health- Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Public Health- Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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13
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Imene A, Maurice AJ, Arij M, Sofia P, Saad S. Breast Cancer Association with CYP1A2 Activity and Gene Polymorphisms--a Preliminary Case-control Study in Tunisia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3559-63. [PMID: 25921178 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative contribution of CYP1A2 isoforms (-3860 G/A, -2467T/delT and -163C/A) in control subjects and breast cancer patients to the metabolism of caffeine in human liver. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP) was used for the genotyping of CYP1A2 SNPs and HPLC allowed the phenotyping through the measurement of CYP1A2 activity using the 17X + 13X + 37X/137X urinary metabolite ratio (CMR) and plasma caffeine half life (T1/2). The CYP1A2 -3860A genotype was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. In contrast, distributions of the CYP1A2 -2467T/delT or -2467delT/delT and -163A/C or A/A genotypes among breast cancer patients and controls were similar. When the genotype and phenotype relationship was measured by comparing the mean CMR ratios and caffeine half life within the genotype groups between subjects and breast cancer patients, there were no significant differences except for -3860 A, most of them being homozygous for the -3860 G/G SNP and had a significant higher mean CMR ratio and half life than those with -3860 G/A (P=0.02). The results of this preliminary study show a significant association between CP1A2 -3860 G variant and CYP1A2 phenotype which must be confirmed by further large-size case-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayari Imene
- Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia E-mail :
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14
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Aftabi Y, Colagar AH, Mehrnejad F. An in silico approach to investigate the source of the controversial interpretations about the phenotypic results of the human AhR-gene G1661A polymorphism. J Theor Biol 2016; 393:1-15. [PMID: 26776670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) acts as an enhancer binding ligand-activated intracellular receptor. Chromatin remodeling components and general transcription factors such as TATA-binding protein (TBP) are evoked on AhR-target genes by interaction with its flexible transactivation domain (TAD). AhR-G1661A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP: rs2066853) causes an arginine to lysine substitution in the acidic sub-domain of TAD at position 554 (R554K). Although, numerous studies associate the SNP with some abnormalities such as cancer, other reliable investigations refuse the associations. Consequently, the interpretation of the phenotypic results of G1661A-transition has been controversial. In this study, an in silico analysis were performed to investigate the possible effects of the transition on AhR-mRNA, protein structure, interaction properties and modifications. The analysis revealed that the R554K substitution affects secondary structure and solvent accessibility of adjacent residues. Also, it causes to decreasing of the AhR stability; altering the hydropathy features of the local sequence and changing the pattern of the residues at the binding site of the TAD-acidic sub-domain. Generating of new sites for ubiquitination and acetylation for AhR-K554 variant respectively at positions 544 and 560 was predicted. Our findings intensify the idea that the AhR-G1661A transition may affects AhR-TAD interactions, especially with the TBP, which influence AhR-target genes expression. However, the previously reported flexibility of the modular TAD could act as an intervening factor, moderate the SNP effects and causes distinct outcomes in different individuals and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Aftabi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Post Code: 47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Post Code: 47416-95447, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Faramarz Mehrnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Rao PSS, Kumar S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cytochrome P450 in HIV pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:550. [PMID: 26082767 PMCID: PMC4451413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of cigarette smoking in HIV patients is associated with increased HIV pathogenesis and disease progression. While the effect of smoking on the occurrence of lung cancer has been studied extensively, the association between smoking and HIV pathogenesis is poorly studied. We have recently shown the possible role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in smoking/nicotine-mediated viral replication. In this review, we focus on the potential role of CYP pathway in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), important constituents of cigarette smoke, mediated HIV pathogenesis. More specifically, we will discuss the role of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which are the major PAH-activating CYP enzymes. Our results have shown that treatment with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) increases viral replication in HIV-infected macrophages. CSC contains PAH, which are known to be activated by CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 into procarcinogens/toxic metabolites. The expression of these CYPs is regulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR), the cellular target of PAH, and an important player in various diseases including cancer. We propose that PAH/AHR-mediated CYP pathway is a novel target to develop new interventions for HIV positive smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S S Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN, USA
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16
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Blackburn HL, Ellsworth DL, Shriver CD, Ellsworth RE. Role of cytochrome P450 genes in breast cancer etiology and treatment: effects on estrogen biosynthesis, metabolism, and response to endocrine therapy. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:319-32. [PMID: 25554091 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes are oxygenases involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism, generation of DNA damaging procarcinogens, and response to anti-estrogen therapies. Since lifetime estrogen exposure is an established risk factor for breast cancer, determining the role of CYP genes in breast cancer etiology may provide critical information for understanding tumorigenesis and response to treatment. METHODS This review summarizes literature available in PubMed published between 1993 and 2013 that focuses on studies evaluating the effects of DNA variants in CYP genes on estrogen synthesis, metabolism, and generation of procarcinogens in addition to response to anti-estrogen therapies. RESULTS Evaluation of DNA variants in estrogen metabolism genes was largely inconclusive. Meta-analyses of data from CYP19A1 support an association between the number of (TTTA) n repeats in intron 4 and breast cancer risk, but the biological mechanism for this relationship is unknown. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphism in CYP1B1 and DNA damage caused by procarcinogenic estrogen metabolites were ambiguous. Variants in CYP2D6 are associated with altered metabolism tamoxifen; however, current data do not support widespread clinical testing. The effect of variants in CYP19A1 in response to aromatase inhibitors is also questionable. CONCLUSION Evaluation of DNA variants in CYP genes involved with estrogen metabolism or treatment response has been inconclusive, reflecting small samples sizes, tumor heterogeneity, and differences between populations. Better-powered studies that account for genetic backgrounds and tumor phenotypes are thus necessary.
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17
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Sun WX, Chen YH, Liu ZZ, Xie JJ, Wang W, Du YP, Chen Y, Shen XL, He XF, Wu LX, Wei W, Zhang L. Association between the CYP1A2 polymorphisms and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:709-25. [PMID: 25472037 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The previously published data on the association between CYP1A2*1C (rs2069514) and CYP1A2*1F (rs762551) polymorphisms and cancer risk have remained controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between CYP1A2*1F and CYP1A2*1C polymorphisms and cancer risk under different inheritance models. Overall, significant association was observed between CYP1A2*1F and cancer risk when all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (dominant model: OR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.02-1.15; heterozygous model: OR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.01-1.12; additive model: OR 1.07, 95 % CI 1.02-1.13). In the further stratified and sensitivity analyses, for CYP1A2*1F polymorphism, significantly increased lung cancer risk and significantly decreased bladder cancer risk were observed in Caucasians. For CYP1A2*1C polymorphism, no significant association was found in overall and all subgroup analyses. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that CYP1A2*1F polymorphism is associated with lung cancer and bladder cancer risk in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xia Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sun RX, Chong LC, Simmons TT, Houlahan KE, Prokopec SD, Watson JD, Moffat ID, Lensu S, Lindén J, P'ng C, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Cross-species transcriptomic analysis elucidates constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1053. [PMID: 25467400 PMCID: PMC4301818 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has largely focused on variations in toxic outcomes resulting from its activation by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. But the AHR also plays key roles in regulating pathways critical for development, and after decades of research the mechanisms underlying physiological regulation by the AHR remain poorly characterized. Previous studies identified several core genes that respond to xenobiotic AHR ligands across a broad range of species and tissues. However, only limited inferences have been made regarding its role in regulating constitutive gene activity, i.e. in the absence of exogenous ligands. To address this, we profiled transcriptomic variations between AHR-active and AHR-less-active animals in the absence of an exogenous agonist across five tissues, three of which came from rats (hypothalamus, white adipose and liver) and two of which came from mice (kidney and liver). Because AHR status alone has been shown sufficient to alter transcriptomic responses, we reason that by contrasting profiles amongst AHR-variant animals, we may elucidate effects of the AHR on constitutive mRNA abundances. Results We found significantly more overlap in constitutive mRNA abundances amongst tissues within the same species than from tissues between species and identified 13 genes (Agt, Car3, Creg1, Ctsc, E2f6, Enpp1, Gatm, Gstm4, Kcnj8, Me1, Pdk1, Slc35a3, and Sqrdl) that are affected by AHR-status in four of five tissues. One gene, Creg1, was significantly up-regulated in all AHR-less-active animals. We also find greater overlap between tissues at the pathway level than at the gene level, suggesting coherency to the AHR signalling response within these processes. Analysis of regulatory motifs suggests that the AHR mostly mediates transcriptional regulation via direct binding to response elements. Conclusions These findings, though preliminary, present a platform for further evaluating the role of the AHR in regulation of constitutive mRNA levels and physiologic function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1053) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.
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Tian Z, Li YL, Zhao L, Zhang CL. Role of CYP1A2 1F polymorphism in cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis of 46 case-control studies. Gene 2013; 524:168-74. [PMID: 23628800 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence showed that the common polymorphism (CYP1A2 1F, rs762551 C→A) in the promoter region of the CYP1A2 gene might be associated with susceptibility to cancer in humans. But individually published results were inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the association between CYP1A2 1F polymorphism and cancer risk. METHODS The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Chinese BioMedical databases were searched for all articles published up to September 1st, 2012. Statistical analyses were performed using the STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS Forty-six case-control studies were included with a total of 22,993 cancer cases and 28,420 healthy controls. Meta-analysis results showed that the A allele of CYP1A2 1F polymorphism was associated with a decreased cancer risk (odds ratio [OR]=0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.98, P=0.013). In the subgroup analysis by cancer types, the A allele of CYP1A2 1F polymorphism may increase the risk of breast cancer (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, P=0.024), and is also associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.89, P=0.004). However, similar results were not found in lung, colorectal, bladder, endometrial, pancreatic and gastric cancers. Further subgroup analysis by ethnicity also showed a significant association between the A allele of CYP1A2 1F polymorphism and a decreased cancer risk among Caucasian populations (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98, P=0.014); but no significant associations were observed among Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current meta-analysis indicate that the A allele of CYP1A2 1F polymorphism may be associated with breast and ovarian cancer risk, especially among Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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20
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Yin XF, Chen J, Mao W, Wang YH, Chen MH. Downregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression decreases gastric cancer cell growth and invasion. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:364-70. [PMID: 23604401 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor associated with tumor initiation and progression. AhR expression is significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines; however, the relationship between AhR and gastric cancer is still unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects of the inhibition of AhR expression by RNA interference on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells (MKN45 and SGC7901), and elucidated the specific mechanisms of AhR action in the development of gastric cancer. Results showed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) against AhR effectively inhibited the expression of AhR, and decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 and CYP1B1, which are classic target genes of the AhR pathway. Compared to the negative control group, AhR-siRNA-transfected cells showed decreased cellular growth, delayed G1-S cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis rate. Furthermore, inhibition of AhR expression by siRNA in SGC7901 cells led to decreased cell migratory and invasive ability, accompanied by downregulation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Our results, therefore, suggest that AhR promotes the growth and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells and AhR may serve as a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) 1661G>A polymorphism in human cancer: A meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 513:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li D, Takao T, Tsunematsu R, Morokuma S, Fukushima K, Kobayashi H, Saito T, Furue M, Wake N, Asanoma K. Inhibition of AHR transcription by NF1C is affected by a single-nucleotide polymorphism, and is involved in suppression of human uterine endometrial cancer. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 23208493 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in carcinogenesis has been suggested in many studies. Upregulation of AHR has been reported in some cancer species, and an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AHR and cancer risk or cancer development has also been reported. This evidence suggests the involvement of some specific SNPs in AHR transcriptional regulation in the process of carcinogenesis or cancer development, but there have been no studies to elucidate the mechanism involved. In this study, we identified the transcription factor Nuclear Factor 1-C (NF1C) as a candidate to regulate AHR transcription in a polymorphism-dependent manner. SNP rs10249788 was included in a consensus binding site for NF1C. Our results suggested that NF1C preferred the C allele to the T allele at rs10249788 for binding. Forced expression of NF1C suppressed the activity of the AHR promoter with C at rs10249788 stronger than that with T. Moreover, expression analysis of human uterine endometrial cancer (HEC) specimens showed greater upregulation of AHR and downregulation of NF1C than those of normal endometrium specimens. Sequence analysis showed HEC patients at advanced stages tended to possess T/T alleles more frequently than healthy women. We also demonstrated that NF1C suppressed proliferation, motility and invasion of HEC cells. This function was at least partially mediated by AHR. This study is the first to report that a polymorphism on the AHR regulatory region affected transcriptional regulation of the AHR gene in vitro. Because NF1C is a tumor suppressor, our new insights into AHR deregulation and its polymorphisms could reveal novel mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cai Z, Thomas A, Teerlink C, Farnham JM, Cannon-Albright LA, Camp NJ. Pairwise shared genomic segment analysis in three Utah high-risk breast cancer pedigrees. BMC Genomics 2012. [PMID: 23190577 PMCID: PMC3561143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We applied a new weighted pairwise shared genomic segment (pSGS) analysis for susceptibility gene localization to high-density genomewide SNP data in three extended high-risk breast cancer pedigrees. Results Using this method, four genomewide suggestive regions were identified on chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 8, and a borderline suggestive region on chromosome 14. Seven additional regions with at least nominal evidence were observed. Of particular note among these total twelve regions were three regions that were identified in two pedigrees each; chromosomes 4, 7 and 14. Follow-up two-pedigree pSGS analyses further indicated excessive genomic sharing across the pedigrees in all three regions, suggesting that the underlying susceptibility alleles in those regions may be shared in common. In general, the pSGS regions identified were quite large (average 32.2 Mb), however, the range was wide (0.3 – 88.2 Mb). Several of the regions identified overlapped with loci and genes that have been previously implicated in breast cancer risk, including NBS1, BRCA1 and RAD51L1. Conclusions Our analyses have provided several loci of interest to pursue in these high-risk pedigrees and illustrate the utility of the weighted pSGS method and extended pedigrees for gene mapping in complex diseases. A focused sequencing effort across these loci in the sharing individuals is the natural next step to further map the critical underlying susceptibility variants in these regions.
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Han S, Lu Y, Feng F, Yuan J. CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism contributes to cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis from 19 case-control studies. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:528. [PMID: 23157985 PMCID: PMC3526566 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphism (rs762551A>C) in gene encoding cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) has been shown to influence the inducibility of CYP1A2 expression and thus might be associated with risk of several types of human cancer. However, the results of previous studies on the associations of this polymorphism with risk of cancer are not all consistent. To clarify the potential contribution of CYP1A2 rs762551 to cancer risk, we performed a meta-analysis of the published case-control studies. METHODS We used PubMed, Embase, OVID, ScienceDirect, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to identify the related publications for this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effect model to evaluate the association of rs762551 with cancer risk. A χ(2)-based Q-test was used to examine the heterogeneity assumption and the funnel plot and Egger's test were used to examine the potential publication bias. The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine whether our assumptions or decisions have a major effect on the results of the review. RESULTS Our analysis of 19 eligible case-control studies showed a significant association between rs762551C variant with risk of cancer in the genetic model of CC versus AA (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02-1.64) and the dominant model (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04-1.36). In subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, the rs762551CC genotype was associated with increased cancer risk (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.27-1.63 in co-dominate model and OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02-1.34 in dominant model in Caucasians, but not in Asians and the mixed population. CONCLUSION These results suggested that CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism is likely to be associated with susceptibility to cancer in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, China
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Ayari I, Fedeli U, Saguem S, Hidar S, Khlifi S, Pavanello S. Role of CYP1A2 polymorphisms in breast cancer risk in women. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:280-6. [PMID: 23128882 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) is a key enzyme in the etiology of breast cancer (BC). It is involved in breast carcinogen activation [aromatic (AAs) and heterocyclic amines (HAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)], in the production of beneficial oestrogen [2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1)] and in converting arachidonic acid (AAc) to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which have anti-inflammatory properties. Within a hospital-based case-control study, the effect of functional CYP1A2 variants [-3860G/A (rs2069514), -2467T/delT (rs3569413), -163C/A (rs762551)] and their interactions with environmental factors in BC risk was investigated. The study population included 125 BC cases and 43 non-cancer controls. Genotyping was performed in RT-PCR using Taqman assays. The gene-environment interaction was appraised using a case-only study design. We found that the -3860A variant, independently from environmental factors, as well as by interacting with fried foods (p=0.025) and indoor exposure to pollutants (p=0.050), reduced the risk of BC (p=0.025), whereas its interaction with coffee (p=0.045) increased the BC risk. This is the first study indicating that the -3860A variant, by decreasing CYP1A2 activity, modifies BC risk by interacting with environmental factors, thereby supporting the hypothesis that reduced CYP1A2 activity contributes to BC risk in different ways, for example, it may be protective by reducing the activation of pro-carcinogens such as AAs, HAs and PAHs, but would increase risk by reducing the beneficial formation of 2-OHE1 and EETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Ayari
- Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
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Association of variants in genes involved in environmental chemical metabolism and risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:434-41. [PMID: 22648180 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) metabolism might influence the risk of male genital malformations. In this study, we explored for association between 384 SNPs in 15 genes (AHR, AHRR, ARNT, ARNT2, NR1I2, RXRA, RXRB, RXRG, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP17A1 and CYP19A1) and risk of cryptorchidism (CO) and hypospadias (HS) in 334 Japanese (JPN) males (141 controls, 95 CO and 98 HS) and 187 Italian (ITA) males (129 controls and 58 CO). In the JPN study group, five SNPs from ARNT2 (rs2278705 and rs5000770), CYP1A2 (rs2069521), CYP17A1 (rs4919686) and NR1I2 (rs2472680) were significantly associated at both allelic and genotypic levels with risk of at least one genital malformation phenotype. In the ITA study group, two SNPs in AHR (rs3757824) and ARNT2 (rs1020397) were significantly associated with risk of CO. Interaction analysis of the positive SNPs using multifactor dimensionality reduction demonstrated that synergistic interaction between rs2472680, rs4919686 and rs5000770 had 62.81% prediction accuracy for CO (P=0.011) and that between rs2069521 and rs2278705 had 69.98% prediction accuracy for HS (P=0.001) in JPN population. In a combined analysis of JPN and ITA population, the most significant multi-locus association was observed between rs5000770 and rs3757824, which had 65.70% prediction accuracy for CO (P=0.055). Our findings indicate that genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in EED metabolism are associated with risk of CO and HS.
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Dever DP, Opanashuk LA. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor contributes to the proliferation of human medulloblastoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 81:669-78. [PMID: 22311706 PMCID: PMC3336804 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.077305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) transcription superfamily, is known to regulate the toxicity of polyaromatic halogenated hydrocarbon environmental chemicals, most notably dioxin. However, the AhR has also been implicated in multiple stages of tumorigenesis. Medulloblastoma (MB), a primary cerebellar brain tumor arising in infants and children, is thought to originate from abnormally proliferating cerebellar granule neuron precursors (GNPs). GNPs express high levels of the AhR in the external germinal layer of the developing cerebellum. Moreover, our laboratory has previously reported that either abnormal activation or deletion of the AhR leads to dysregulation of GNP cell cycle activity and maturation. These observations led to the hypothesis that the AhR promotes the growth of MB. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the AhR serves a pro-proliferative role in an immortalized MB tumor cell line (DAOY). We produced a stable AhR knockdown DAOY cell line [AhR short hairpin RNA (shRNA)], which exhibited a 70% reduction in AhR protein levels. Compared with wild-type DAOY cells, AhR shRNA DAOY cells displayed an impaired G(1)-to-S cell cycle transition, decreased DNA synthesis, and reduced proliferation. Furthermore, these cell cycle perturbations were correlated with decreased levels of the pro-proliferative gene Hes1 and increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(kip1). Supplementation experiments with human AhR restored the proliferative activity in AhR shRNA DAOY cells. Taken together, our data show that the AhR promotes proliferation of MB cells, suggesting that this pathway should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dever
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Gu A, Ji G, Jiang T, Lu A, You Y, Liu N, Luo C, Yan W, Zhao P. Contributions of aryl hydrocarbon receptor genetic variants to the risk of glioma and PAH-DNA adducts. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:357-64. [PMID: 22539616 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene is involved in the response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. To investigate the hypothesis that the genetic variants in the AHR gene might be a causal genetic susceptibility to PAH-DNA adduct formation and glioma risk, we conducted a case-control study of 384 glioma cases and 384 cancer-free controls to explore the association between six common single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the AHR gene and glioma risk. Using PAH-DNA adducts as biomarkers, we then evaluated the association between PAH-DNA adduct levels and glioma risk based on a tissue microarray including 11 controls and 77 glioma patients. We further explored the contributions of the glioma risk-associated AHR polymorphisms to the levels of PAH-DNA adducts in glioma tissues based on 77 glioma patients. We found that PAH-DNA adduct staining existed in normal brain tissues and grades I-IV gliomas, and the staining intensity was significantly associated with the glioma grade. Two AHR polymorphisms (rs2066853 and rs2158041) demonstrated significant association with glioma risk. Intriguingly, we also found statistically significant associations between these two variants and PAH-DNA adduct levels in glioma tissue. These data suggest the contributions of AHR rs2066853 and rs2158041 to glioma risk and the PAH-DNA adduct levels, which shed new light on gene-environment interactions in the etiology of glioma. Further studies with a larger sample size and ethnically diverse populations are required to elucidate the potential biological mechanism for, as well as the impact of, the susceptibility to glioma due to genetic variants of AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029, China
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Zhang B, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Lu W, Cai Q, Xiang YB, Zheng Y, Long J, Ye C, Gu K, Shu XO, Gao Y, Zheng W. Evaluation of functional genetic variants for breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai breast cancer study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:1159-70. [PMID: 21454829 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies among 1,144 cases and 1,256 controls recruited in stage 1 of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study (SBCS I; 1996-1998), 18 known or potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 genes were found to be associated with breast cancer risk. The authors evaluated these associations among 1,918 cases and 1,819 controls recruited in stage 2 of the SBCS (SBCS II; 2002-2005) using genetic effect models and subgroup analyses predetermined from SBCS I results. Five SNPs (AHR rs2066853, ATM rs1003623, ESR1 rs2234693, GSTP1 rs1695, and SHBG rs6259) showed generally consistent results in SBCS I and SBCS II and statistically significant associations with breast cancer risk in combined analyses, mostly in subgroups defined by age or menopausal status. Further, the relation between breast cancer risk and SHBG rs6259 was found to vary by body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) (P for interaction = 0.003). The strongest reduction in risk associated with SHBG rs6259 was found for lean (body mass index <23) postmenopausal minor allele carriers (odds ratio = 0.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.8; P = 4.6 × 10(-4)). This biologically plausible and highly significant finding provides strong evidence for a true association among Asian women. This study also highlights the value of gene-environment interaction analyses in evaluating genetic factors for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Singh V, Upadhyay G, Rastogi N, Singh K, Singh MP. Polymorphism of xenobiotic-metabolizing genes and breast cancer susceptibility in North Indian women. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:343-9. [PMID: 21329464 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) are involved in the metabolism of estrogens. Genetic polymorphisms in these genes may lead to interindividual variation in breast cancer susceptibility. This study was undertaken to investigate the association of NQO1 exon 6 proline187serine (C609T) and CYP1A2 exon 2 phenylalanine21leucine (C63G) polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility in North Indian women. Polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the desired segment of NQO1 and CYP1A2 genes followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. NQO1 mRNA expression was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and its enzyme activity was estimated spectrofluorophotometrically. Odds ratios for NQO1 C609T heterozygous and homozygous variants were 0.66 (95% confidence interval: 0.39-1.13; p-value: 0.141) and 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 0.46-2.46; p-value: 0.976). All cases and controls were monomorphic for the CYP1A2 exon 2 phenylalanine21leucine (C63G) genotype. NQO1 mRNA expression and its catalytic activity among wild-type genotype, homozygous variant, and heterozygous variant were not significantly altered, except for catalytic activity of the NQO1 homozygous variant, which was observed extremely low. The results of the study suggest that NQO1 exon 6 proline187serine (C609T) and CYP1A2 exon 2 phenylalanine21leucine (C63G) polymorphisms do not play a significant role in breast cancer susceptibility in North Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Singh
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, India
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Klein K, Winter S, Turpeinen M, Schwab M, Zanger UM. Pathway-Targeted Pharmacogenomics of CYP1A2 in Human Liver. Front Pharmacol 2010; 1:129. [PMID: 21918647 PMCID: PMC3171976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, is one of the major P450 isoforms contributing by about 5–20% to the hepatic P450 pool and catalyzing oxidative biotransformation of up to 10% of clinically relevant drugs including clozapine and caffeine. CYP1A2 activity is interindividually highly variable and although twin studies have suggested a high heritability, underlying genetic factors are still unknown. Here we adopted a pathway-oriented approach using a large human liver bank (n = 150) to elucidate whether variants in candidate genes of constitutive, ligand-inducible, and pathophysiological inhibitory regulatory pathways may explain different hepatic CYP1A2 phenotypes. Samples were phenotyped for phenacetin O-deethylase activity, and the expression of CYP1A2 protein and mRNA was determined. CYP1A2 expression and function was increased in smokers and decreased in patients with inflammation and cholestasis. Of 169 SNPs in 17 candidate genes including the CYP1A locus, 136 non-redundant SNPs with minor allele frequency >5% were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods. A total of 13 strong significant associations were identified, of which 10 SNPs in the ARNT, AhRR, HNF1α, IL1β, SRC-1, and VDR genes showed consistent changes for at least two phenotypes by univariate analysis. Multivariate linear modeling indicated that the polymorphisms and non-genetic factors together explained 42, 38, and 33% of CYP1A2 variation at activity, protein and mRNA levels, respectively. In conclusion, we identified novel trans-associations between regulatory genes and hepatic CYP1A2 function and expression, but additional genetic factors must be assumed to explain the full extent of CYP1A2 heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen Stuttgart, Germany
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Qiu LX, Yao L, Mao C, Yu KD, Zhan P, Chen B, Yuan H, Zhang J, Xue K, Hu XC. Lack of association of CYP1A2-164 A/C polymorphism with breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 17,600 subjects. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 122:521-5. [PMID: 20054636 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between cytochrome P-450 1A2 (CYP1A2)-164 A/C polymorphism and breast cancer risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. Crude ORs with 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of association between CYP1A2-164 A/C polymorphism and breast cancer risk. The pooled ORs were performed for co-dominant model (AC versus AA, CC versus AA), dominant model (CC + AC versus AA), and recessive model (CC versus AA + AC), respectively. A total of 9 studies including 7,580 cases and 10,020 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significantly elevated breast cancer risk was found in all genetic models when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (AC versus AA: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.92-1.13; CC versus AA: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.83-1.64; dominant model: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.93-1.23; and recessive model: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.82-1.55). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity or source of controls, there was still no significant association detected in all genetic models. In conclusion, upto date, there is still not enough evidence to indicate the association of CYP1A2-164 A/C polymorphism and breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sangrajrang S, Sato Y, Sakamoto H, Ohnami S, Laird NM, Khuhaprema T, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Yoshida T. Genetic polymorphisms of estrogen metabolizing enzyme and breast cancer risk in Thai women. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:837-43. [PMID: 19415745 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and its metabolites are believed to play important roles in breast cancer, and its determinants include both genetic and lifestyle factors. The objective of the study is to investigate the association of breast cancer risk in Thailand with genetic polymorphisms in several genes involved in estrogen synthesis and metabolism. Five hundred and seventy patients with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer and 497 controls were included in the present study. Forty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP17, CYP19, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, AhR, ESR1, PGR, ERRG, COMT, HSD17B1, HSD17B2, EPHX1 and NQO1 genes were genotyped. Association of genotypes with breast cancer risk was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression, which suggested an altered risk for the following SNPs [gene, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval are shown]: heterozygote carriers of rs4917623 [CYP2C19, OR = 1.38 (1.04-1.84)], rs2066853 [AhR, OR = 1.34 (1.02-1.76)] and rs1857407 [ERRG, (OR = 0.72 (0.55-0.96)]; homozygote carriers of rs762551 [CYP1A2, OR = 2.75 (1.47-5.14)], rs4917623 [CYP2C19, OR = 1.48 (1.00-2.19) and rs945453 [ERRG, OR = 1.66 (1.04-2.65)]. In addition, a stratified analysis by menopausal status indicated that the association of the CYP1A2 (rs762551) and CYP17 (rs743572) polymorphisms with breast cancer risk were mainly evident in premenopausal, while ERRG (rs1857407) was significant in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that CYP1A2, CYP2C19, AhR, ERRG and CYP17 polymorphisms may play an important role in estrogen metabolism and modify individual susceptibility to breast cancer in Thai women.
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Peng TL, Chen J, Mao W, Song X, Chen MH. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway activation enhances gastric cancer cell invasiveness likely through a c-Jun-dependent induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:27. [PMID: 19371443 PMCID: PMC2680824 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abberant aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression and AhR pathway activation are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between AhR pathway activation and gastric cancer progression is still unclear. In present study, we used 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD), a classic and most potent ligand of AhR, to activate AhR pathway and investigated the effect of AhR pathway activation on human gastric cancer AGS cell invasion and explored the corresponding mechanism. Results To determine whether AhR pathway can be activated in AGS cells, we examined the expression of CYP1A1, a classic target gene of AhR pathway, following TCDD exposure. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that both CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression were increased in a dose-dependent manner following TCDD treatment and AhR antagonist resveratrol (RSV) could reverse this TCDD-induced CYP1A1 expression. To determine whether TCDD treatment of AGS cells results in an induction of MMP-9 expression, we detected MMP-9 mRNA using RT-PCR and detected MMP-9 enzymatic activity using gelatin zymography. The results showed that both MMP-9 mRNA expression and enzymatic activity were gradually increased with the concentration increase of TCDD in media and these changes could be reversed by RSV treatment in a dose-dependent manner. To examine whether AhR activation-induced MMP-9 expression and activity in AGS cells results in increased migration and invasion, we performed wound healing migration assay and transwell migration and invasion assay. After TCDD treatment, the migration distance and the migration and invasion abilities of AGS cells were increased with a dose-dependent manner. To demonstrate AhR activation-induced MMP-9 expression is mediated by c-Jun, siRNA transfection was performed to silence c-Jun mRNA in AGS cells. The results showed that MMP-9 mRNA expression and activity in untreated control AGS cells were very weak; After TCDD (10 nmol/L) treatment, MMP-9 mRNA expression and activity were significant increased; This TCDD-induced MMP-9 expression and activity increase could be abolished by c-Jun siRNA transfection. Conclusion AhR pathway activation enhances gastric cancer cell invasiveness likely through a c-Jun-dependent induction of MMP-9. Our results provide insight into the mechanism and function of the AhR pathway and its impact on gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Li Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Peng TL, Chen J, Mao W, Liu X, Tao Y, Chen LZ, Chen MH. Potential therapeutic significance of increased expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:1719-29. [PMID: 19360915 PMCID: PMC2668777 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the functional significance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in gastric carcinogenesis, and to explore the possible role of AhR in gastric cancer (GC) treatment.
METHODS: RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were performed to detect AhR expression in 39 GC tissues and five GC cell lines. AhR protein was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 190 samples: 30 chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), 30 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 30 intestinal metaplasia (IM), 30 atypical hyperplasia (AH), and 70 GC. The AhR agonist tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) was used to treat AGS cells. MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to measure the viability, cell cycle and apoptosis of AGS cells.
RESULTS: AhR expression was significantly increased in GC tissues and GC cell lines. IHC results indicated that the levels of AhR expression gradually increased, with the lowest levels in CSG, followed by CAG, IM, AH and GC. AhR expression and nuclear translocation were significantly higher in GC than in precancerous tissues. TCDD inhibited proliferation of AGS cells via induction of growth arrest at the G1-S phase.
CONCLUSION: AhR plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. AhR may be a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Genetic polymorphisms in estrogen metabolism and breast cancer risk in case–control studies in Japanese, Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:209-15. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mahler KL, Fleming JL, Dworkin AM, Gladman N, Cho HY, Mao JH, Balmain A, Toland AE. Sequence divergence of Mus spretus and Mus musculus across a skin cancer susceptibility locus. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:626. [PMID: 19105829 PMCID: PMC2628916 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mus spretus diverged from Mus musculus over one million years ago. These mice are genetically and phenotypically divergent. Despite the value of utilizing M. musculus and M. spretus for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, relatively little genomic information on M. spretus exists, and most of the available sequence and polymorphic data is for one strain of M. spretus, Spret/Ei. In previous work, we mapped fifteen loci for skin cancer susceptibility using four different M. spretus by M. musculus F1 backcrosses. One locus, skin tumor susceptibility 5 (Skts5) on chromosome 12, shows strong linkage in one cross. RESULTS To identify potential candidate genes for Skts5, we sequenced 65 named and unnamed genes and coding elements mapping to the peak linkage area in outbred spretus, Spret/EiJ, FVB/NJ, and NIH/Ola. We identified polymorphisms in 62 of 65 genes including 122 amino acid substitutions. To look for polymorphisms consistent with the linkage data, we sequenced exons with amino acid polymorphisms in two additional M. spretus strains and one additional M. musculus strain generating 40.1 kb of sequence data. Eight candidate variants were identified that fit with the linkage data. To determine the degree of variation across M. spretus, we conducted phylogenetic analyses. The relatedness of the M. spretus strains at this locus is consistent with the proximity of region of ascertainment of the ancestral mice. CONCLUSION Our analyses suggest that, if Skts5 on chromosome 12 is representative of other regions in the genome, then published genomic data for Spret/EiJ are likely to be of high utility for genomic studies in other M. spretus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Mahler
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.
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Singh V, Parmar D, Singh MP. Do single nucleotide polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes determine breast cancer susceptibility and treatment outcomes? Cancer Invest 2008; 26:769-83. [PMID: 18798070 DOI: 10.1080/07357900801953196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SNPs in CYP1A1, CYP2A1, CYP2B6, CYP2C, CYP2D6, CYP3A, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, SULT1A1, SULT1A2, UGT, and MTHFR are associated with breast cancer susceptibility; however, lack of such associations are also reported in some populations. The contradictory findings are explained on the basis of ethnic variation among populations and due to lack of proper sample size, detailed genotype-phenotype combinations and validation of gene expression studies at protein level. In this review, SNPs in these genes that have tremendous potential in identification of susceptible individuals, development of preventive strategies, treatment outcomes and their limitations are discussed.
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Abstract
Mammographic density (MD) reflects variations in fat, stromal and epithelial tissues that are thought to be regulated by several genes. High MD is an established risk factor for breast cancer; therefore, genes that regulate MD may indirectly influence breast cancer. These genes might also be fewer in number and easier to identify than those for breast cancer risk outside of inherited predisposition syndromes. In this Perspective, we review the limited genetic studies of MD and propose future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Cancer Board, 1,331 29th Street North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada
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Zanger UM, Turpeinen M, Klein K, Schwab M. Functional pharmacogenetics/genomics of human cytochromes P450 involved in drug biotransformation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:1093-108. [PMID: 18695978 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the elimination routes for the 200 drugs that are sold most often by prescription count in the United States. The majority (78%) of the hepatically cleared drugs were found to be subject to oxidative metabolism via cytochromes P450 of the families 1, 2 and 3, with major contributions from CYP3A4/5 (37% of drugs) followed by CYP2C9 (17%), CYP2D6 (15%), CYP2C19 (10%), CYP1A2 (9%), CYP2C8 (6%), and CYP2B6 (4%). Clinically well-established polymorphic CYPs (i.e., CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) were involved in the metabolism of approximately half of those drugs, including (in particular) NSAIDs metabolized mainly by CYP2C9, proton-pump inhibitors metabolized by CYP2C19, and beta blockers and several antipsychotics and antidepressants metabolized by CYP2D6. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the functional polymorphisms and aspects of the functional genomics of the major human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s, as well as their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Shin A, Shrubsole MJ, Rice JM, Cai Q, Doll MA, Long J, Smalley WE, Shyr Y, Sinha R, Ness RM, Hein DW, Zheng W. Meat intake, heterocyclic amine exposure, and metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms in relation to colorectal polyp risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:320-9. [PMID: 18268115 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous polyps or certain hyperplastic polyps. Only a few studies have investigated potential genetic modifiers of the associations between meat intake and polyp risk, and results are inconsistent. Using data from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, a large colonoscopy-based study, including 1,002 polyp cases (557 adenoma only, 250 hyperplastic polyp only, 195 both polyps) and 1,493 polyp-free patients, we evaluated the association of colorectal polyp risk with carcinogen exposure from meat and genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in heterocyclic amine (HCA) metabolism, including N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Data on intake levels of meats by preparation methods, doneness preferences, and other lifestyle factors were obtained. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms in the AhR, CYP1A2, NAT1, and NAT2 genes were evaluated. No clear association was found for any polymorphisms with polyp risk. However, apparent interactions were found for intake of meat and HCAs with AhR, NAT1, and NAT2 genotypes, and the interactions were statistically significant for the group with both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. Dose-response relationships with meat or HCA intake were found only among those with the AhR GA/AA (rs2066853) genotype, NAT1 rapid, or NAT2 rapid/intermediate acetylators but not among those with other genotypes of these genes. This dose-response relationship was more evident among those with both AhR GA/AA and the NAT1 rapid acetylator than those without this genotype combination. These results provide strong evidence for a modifying effect of metabolizing genes on the association of meat intake and HCA exposure with colorectal polyp risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesun Shin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 8th Floor, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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Gulyaeva LF, Mikhailova ON, PustyInyak VO, Kim IV, Gerasimov AV, Krasilnikov SE, Filipenko ML, Pechkovsky EV. Comparative Analysis of SNP in Estrogen-metabolizing Enzymes for Ovarian, Endometrial, and Breast Cancers in Novosibirsk, Russia. HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS V 2008; 617:359-66. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kotsopoulos J, Ghadirian P, El-Sohemy A, Lynch HT, Snyder C, Daly M, Domchek S, Randall S, Karlan B, Zhang P, Zhang S, Sun P, Narod SA. The CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 mutation carriers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:912-6. [PMID: 17507615 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that, among BRCA1 mutation carriers, the consumption of caffeinated coffee was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk. Because the metabolism of caffeine is primarily by CYP1A2, we examined whether or not the CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between a history of coffee consumption and the risk of breast cancer. A common A to C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene is associated with decreased enzyme inducibility and impaired caffeine metabolism. Information regarding coffee consumption habits and the CYP1A2 genotype was available for 411 BRCA1 mutation carriers (170 cases and 241 controls). We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breast cancer associated with the CYP1A2 genotype and a history of coffee consumption before age 35, adjusting for potential confounders. The CYP1A2 genotype did not affect breast cancer risk. Among women with at least one variant C allele (AC or CC), those who consumed coffee had a 64% reduction in breast cancer risk, compared with women who never consumed coffee (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18-0.73). A significant protective effect of coffee consumption was not observed among women with the CYP1A2 AA genotype (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.49-1.77). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to caffeinated coffee. This study suggests that caffeine protects against breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation and illustrates the importance of integrating individual genetic variability when assessing diet-disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Centre for Research in Women's Health, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
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Long JR, Cai Q, Shu XO, Cai H, Gao YT, Zheng W. Genetic polymorphisms in estrogen-metabolizing genes and breast cancer survival. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17:331-8. [PMID: 17429315 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32801a3bfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen plays a central role in the development and progression of breast cancer. The estrogen's effects are at least partially regulated by estrogen-metabolizing enzymes. The objective of the study is to investigate associations of breast cancer survival with genetic polymorphisms in several genes involved in estrogen metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, COMT, and AhR). METHODS A cohort of 1140 patients aged between 25 and 64 years at the time of diagnosis for primary breast cancer during 1996-1998 were included in the study. Patients were followed for cancer recurrence and mortality through July 2005. RESULTS Associations were observed at rs4680 (Met158Val) in the COMT gene and rs4646903 (CYP1A1*2A) in the CYP1A1 gene. The adjusted hazard ratio for the rs4680 AA genotype (low enzyme activity genotype) was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.4) compared with the GG genotype for disease-free survival. Adjusted hazard ratios for the rs4646903 CC genotype were 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.2) for disease-free survival and 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.1) for overall survival compared with the TT genotype. No apparent association was found for any of the other six single nucleotide polymorphisms evaluated in the AhR, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 genes. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs4646903 in the CYP1A1 gene may be genetic markers for breast cancer prognosis in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Rong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, S-1121 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Breast density and polymorphisms in genes coding for CYP1A2 and COMT: the Multiethnic Cohort. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:30. [PMID: 17295924 PMCID: PMC1800856 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammographic density is a strong predictor of breast cancer risk and is increased by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Some associations with genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism have been described. This cross-sectional analysis examined the relation between mammographic density and the CYP1A2*1F and COMT Val58 Met polymorphisms among 332 breast cancer cases and 254 controls in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort. Methods Mammographic density, before diagnosis in cases, was quantified by using a validated computer-assisted method. Blood samples were genotyped by standard PCR/RFLP methods. Adjusted mean percent density was calculated by genotype using mixed models with the unstructured covariance option. Results A positive association between the C allele in the CYP1A2*1F gene and percent density, but not the dense area, was suggested (p = 0.11). The relation was limited to controls (p = 0.045), postmenopausal women not using HRT (p = 0.08), and normal weight subjects (p = 0.046). We did not observe any relation between the COMT Val58 Met polymorphism and breast density. Conclusion The lack of an association between the CYP1A2 genotype and the size of the dense areas suggests an effect on the non-dense, i.e., fatty breast tissue. The discrepancies among studies may be due to differential susceptibility; changes in enzyme activity as a result of the CYP1A2*1F polymorphism may influence breast tissue differently depending on hormonal status. Larger studies with the ability to look at interactions would be useful to elucidate the influence of genetic variation in CYP1A2 and COMT on the risk of developing breast cancer.
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Begas E, Kouvaras E, Tsakalof A, Papakosta S, Asprodini EK. In vivo evaluation of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, NAT-2 and xanthine oxidase activities in a Greek population sample by the RP-HPLC monitoring of caffeine metabolic ratios. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:190-200. [PMID: 17221922 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A RP-HPLC method was developed for the assessment of caffeine and its metabolites in urine and was used for the evaluation of the CYP1A2, CYP2A6, xanthine oxidase (XO) and N-acetyl-transferase-2 (NAT-2) in vivo activities in 44 Greek volunteers (21 men, 23 women). Spot urine samples were analyzed 6 h after 200 mg caffeine consumption, following a 30 h methylxantine-free diet. The major urinary caffeine metabolites are 1-methyluric acid (1U), 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU), 1-methylxanthine (1X), 1,7-dimethyluric acid (17U) and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (17X). CYP1A2, CYP2A6, XO and NAT-2 activities were estimated from the metabolic ratios (AFMU + 1U + 1X)/17U, 17U/17X, 1U/(1X + 1U) and AFMU/(AFMU + 1U + 1X), respectively. Metabolites and internal standard were extracted with chloroform/isopropanol (85:15, v/v) and separated on a C18 column by an isocratic HPLC system using a two-step elution with manual switch from solvent A (0.1% acetic acid-methanol-acetonitrile, 92:4:5 v/v) to solvent B (0.1% acetic acid-methanol, 60:40, v/v), and detected at 280 nm. The method exhibited adequate metabolite separation (resolution factors >1.48), accuracy (94.1-106.3%) and intraday and interday precision <8.02 and <8.78%, respectively (n = 6). Smoking affected only CYP1A2, whereas gender had no effect in any enzyme activity. NAT-2 exhibited bimodal distribution, 63.6% of volunteers being slow acetylators. The developed RP-HPLC method was fully validated and successfully applied for the evaluation of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, XO and NAT-2 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Begas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakiriazi St, 41222 Larissa, Greece
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Krzyzanowski PM, Andrade-Navarro MA. Identification of novel stem cell markers using gap analysis of gene expression data. Genome Biol 2007; 8:R193. [PMID: 17875203 PMCID: PMC2375031 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-9-r193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a method for detecting marker genes in large heterogeneous collections of gene expression data. Markers are identified and characterized by the existence of demarcations in their expression values across the whole dataset, which suggest the presence of groupings of samples. We apply this method to DNA microarray data generated from 83 mouse stem cell related samples and describe 426 selected markers associated with differentiation to establish principles of stem cell evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Krzyzanowski
- Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
- Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
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