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Sanches BDA, Leonel ECR, Maldarine JS, Tamarindo GH, Barquilha CN, Felisbino SL, Goés RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Telocytes are associated with tissue remodeling and angiogenesis during the postlactational involution of the mammary gland in gerbils. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2512-2523. [PMID: 32856745 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The postlactational involution of the mammary gland is a complex process. It involves the collapse of the alveoli and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, which in turn implies a complex set of interrelations between the epithelial, stromal, and extracellular matrix elements. The telocytes, a new type of CD34-positive stromal cell that differs from fibroblasts in morphological terms and gene expression, were detected in the stroma of several tissues, including the mammary gland; however, their function remains elusive. The present study employed three-dimensional reconstructions and immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence techniques in histological sections of the mammary gland of the Mongolian gerbil during lactation and postlactational involution to evaluate the presence of telocytes and to investigate a possible function for these cells. By means of immunofluorescence assays for CD34 and c-kit, major markers of telocytes, and also through morphological and ultrastructural evidences, telocytes were observed to surround the mammary ducts and collapsing alveoli. It was also found that these cells are associated with matrix metalloproteinase 9, which indicates that telocytes can play a role in extracellular matrix digestion, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, a factor that promotes angiogenesis. Together, these data indicate that telocytes are a distinct cell type in the mammary gland and, for the first time, show that these cells possibly play a role in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis during the postlactional involution of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C R Leonel
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Tamarindo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Barquilha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Goés
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang F, Zhang J, Shi N, Li T. Growth‐promoting effects of low‐level butyl benzyl phthalate exposure on human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1181-1191. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and HealthTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control Jinan 250014 Shandong China
| | - Nian Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and HealthTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and HealthTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei China
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Zani BC, Sanches BDA, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Barquilha CN, Zucão MI, Baraldi CMB, Felisbino SL, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Telocytes role during the postnatal development of the Mongolian gerbil jejunum. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:130-138. [PMID: 30003874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes are recently categorised CD34-positive interstitial cells that comprise the cells which were previously called interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs). These were detected in the stroma of various organs such as the prostate, lungs, mammary glands, liver, gallbladder, and jejunum, among others. Several functions have been proposed for telocytes, such as a supportive role in smooth muscle contraction and immune function in adult organs, and tissue organisation and paracrine signalling during development, as well as others. In the jejunum, little is known about the function of telocytes in the adult organ, or is there any information about when these cells develop or if they could have an auxiliary role in the development of the jejunum. The present study employed histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques on histological sections of the jejunum of Mongolian gerbil pups on two different days of postnatal development of the jejunum, covering the maturation period of the organ. By immunolabelling for CD34, it was observed that telocytes are already present in the jejunum during the first week of postnatal life and exist in close association with the developing muscularis mucosae, which are therefore TGFβ1-positive. The telocytes are still present at the end of the first month of life, and a portion of them present co-localisation with c-Kit. Fibroblast-like cells, which are exclusively c-Kit-positive, are also observed, which may indicate the presence of interstitial Cajal cells (ICCs). Finally, it can be hypothesised that a portion of the telocytes may give rise to ICCs, which are c-Kit-positive but CD34 negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Zani
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Barquilha
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St., 250, Rubião Júnior District, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Mariele I Zucão
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M B Baraldi
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Felisbino
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St., 250, Rubião Júnior District, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Intrauterine exposure to 17β-oestradiol (E2) impairs postnatal development in both female and male prostate in gerbil. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sanches BDA, Maldarine JS, Zani BC, Tamarindo GH, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Rahal P, Góes RM, Felisbino SL, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Telocytes play a key role in prostate tissue organisation during the gland morphogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3309-3321. [PMID: 28840644 PMCID: PMC5706570 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes are CD34-positive interstitial cells, known to exert several functions, one of which is a role in tissue organisation, previously demonstrated by telocytes in the myocardium. The existence of telocytes in the prostate has recently been reported, however, there is a lack of information regarding the function of these cells in prostate tissue, and information regarding the possible role of these cells in prostatic development. This study used immunofluorescence techniques in prostate tissue and prostatic telocytes in culture to determine the relationship between telocytes and prostate morphogenesis. Furthermore, immunofluorescent labelling of telocytes was performed on prostate tissue at different stages of early postnatal development. Initially, CD34-positive cells are found at the periphery of the developing alveoli, later in the same region, c-kit-positive cells and cells positive for both factors are verified and CD34-positive cells were predominantly observed in the interalveolar stroma and the region surrounding the periductal smooth muscle. Fluorescence assays also demonstrated that telocytes secrete TGF-β1 and are ER-Beta (ERβ) positive. The results suggest that telocytes play a changing role during development, initially supporting the differentiation of periductal and perialveolar smooth muscle, and later, producing dense networks that separate alveoli groups and form a barrier between the interalveolar region and periurethral smooth muscle. We conclude that telocytes play a relevant role in prostate tissue organisation during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Zani
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Tamarindo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biology (IB), Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sanches BDA, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Pinto-Fochi ME, Antoniassi JQ, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Intrauterine exposure to oestradiol promotes sex-specific differential effects on the prostatic development of neonate gerbils. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1184-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D. A. Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Maldarine
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Manoel F. Biancardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. A. Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia II Goiânia Goiás 74001970 Brazil
| | - Maria E. Pinto-Fochi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Julia Q. Antoniassi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rejane M. Góes
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Patrícia S. L. Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sebastião R. Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; São Paulo State University; 2265, Cristóvão Colombo Street, Jardim Nazareth São José do Rio Preto São Paulo 15054-000 Brazil
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Thatcher SE, Zhang X, Woody S, Wang Y, Alsiraj Y, Charnigo R, Daugherty A, Cassis LA. Exogenous 17-β estradiol administration blunts progression of established angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in female ovariectomized mice. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:12. [PMID: 26131353 PMCID: PMC4485333 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) occur predominately in males. However, AAAs in females have rapid growth rates and rupture at smaller sizes. Mechanisms contributing to AAA progression in females are undefined. We defined effects of ovariectomy, with and without 17-β estradiol (E2), on progression of established angiotensin II (AngII)-induced AAAs in female mice. Methods We used neonatal testosterone exposures at 1 day of age to promote susceptibility to AngII-induced AAAs in adult female Ldlr−/− mice. Females were infused with AngII for 28 days to induce AAAs, and then stratified into groups that were sham, ovariectomized (Ovx, vehicle), or Ovx with E2 administration for 2 months of continued AngII infusions. Aortic lumen diameters were quantified by ultrasound and analyzed by linear mixed model, and maximal AAA diameters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Atherosclerosis was quantified en face in the aortic arch. AAA tissue sections were analyzed for cellular composition. We quantified effects of E2 on abdominal aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth, α-actin and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) production, and wound healing. Results Serum E2 concentrations were increased significantly by E2. Aortic lumen diameters increased over time in sham-operated and Ovx (vehicle) females, but not in Ovx females administered E2. At day 70, E2 administration decreased significantly aortic lumen diameters compared to Ovx vehicle and sham-operated females. Compared to Ovx females (vehicle), maximal AAA diameters were reduced significantly by E2. AAA tissue sections from Ovx females administered E2 exhibited significant increases in α-actin and decreases in neutrophils compared to Ovx females administered vehicle. In abdominal aortic SMCs, E2 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in α-actin, elevated TGF-β, and more rapid wound healing. E2 administration to Ovx females also significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions compared to sham-operated females. This effect was accompanied by significant reductions in serum cholesterol concentrations. Conclusions E2 administration to Ovx females abolished progressive growth and decreased severity of AngII-induced AAAs. These effects were accompanied by increased SMC α-actin, elevated TGF-β, and reduced neutrophils. Similarly, E2 administration reduced AngII-induced atherosclerosis. These results suggest that loss of E2 in post-menopausal females may contribute to progressive growth of AAAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-015-0030-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Room 521b, Charles T. Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536-0200 USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Room 521b, Charles T. Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536-0200 USA
| | - Shannon Woody
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Room 521b, Charles T. Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536-0200 USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Room 521b, Charles T. Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536-0200 USA
| | - Yasir Alsiraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Room 521b, Charles T. Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536-0200 USA
| | - Richard Charnigo
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Room 521b, Charles T. Wethington Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536-0200 USA
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Gao Y, Duran S, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ, Burghardt RC, Bayless KJ, Bartholin L, Li Q. Constitutive activation of transforming growth factor Beta receptor 1 in the mouse uterus impairs uterine morphology and function. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:34. [PMID: 25505200 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence pointing to the essential involvement of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) superfamily in reproduction, a definitive role of TGFB signaling in the uterus remains to be unveiled. In this study, we generated a gain-of-function mouse model harboring a constitutively active (CA) TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1), the expression of which was conditionally induced by the progesterone receptor (Pgr)-Cre recombinase. Overactivation of TGFB signaling was verified by enhanced phosphorylation of SMAD2 and increased expression of TGFB target genes in the uterus. TGFBR1 Pgr-Cre CA mice were sterile. Histological, cellular, and molecular analyses demonstrated that constitutive activation of TGFBR1 in the mouse uterus promoted formation of hypermuscled uteri. Accompanying this phenotype was the upregulation of a battery of smooth muscle genes in the uterus. Furthermore, TGFB ligands activated SMAD2/3 and stimulated the expression of a smooth muscle maker gene, alpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), in human uterine smooth muscle cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy identified a marked reduction of uterine glands in TGFBR1 Pgr-Cre CA mice within the endometrial compartment that contained myofibroblast-like cells. Thus, constitutive activation of TGFBR1 in the mouse uterus caused defects in uterine morphology and function, as evidenced by abnormal myometrial structure, dramatically reduced uterine glands, and impaired uterine decidualization. These results underscore the importance of a precisely controlled TGFB signaling system in establishing a uterine microenvironment conducive to normal development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Samantha Duran
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Persichetti P, Segreto F, Carotti S, Marangi GF, Tosi D, Morini S. Oestrogen receptor-alpha and -beta expression in breast implant capsules: experimental findings and clinical correlates. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 67:308-15. [PMID: 24389289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts provide a force to decrease the surface area of breast implant capsules as the collagen matrix matures. 17-β-Oestradiol promotes myofibroblast differentiation and contraction. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of oestrogen receptors α and β in capsular tissue. The study enrolled 70 women (80 capsules) who underwent expander or implant removal, following breast reconstruction. Specimens were stained with haematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence stainings for alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), oestrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) and oestrogen receptor-beta (ER-β). The relationship between anti-oestrogenic therapy and capsular severity was evaluated. A retrospective analysis of 233 cases of breast reconstruction was conducted. Myofibroblasts expressed ER-α, ER-β or both. In the whole sample, α-SMA score positively correlated with ER-α (p = 0.022) and ER-β expression (p < 0.004). ER-β expression negatively correlated with capsular thickness (p < 0.019). In capsules surrounding expanders α-SMA and ER-α, expressions negatively correlated with time from implantation (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016, respectively). The incidence of grade III-IV contracture was higher in patients who did not have anti-oestrogenic therapy (p < 0.036); retrospective analysis of 233 cases confirmed this finding (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates the expression of oestrogen receptors in myofibroblasts of capsular tissue. A lower contracture severity was found in patients who underwent anti-oestrogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Persichetti
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Segreto
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Center for Integrated Biomedical Research (CIR), Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Marangi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Tosi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Center for Integrated Biomedical Research (CIR), Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
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Luo Y, Waladali W, Li S, Zheng X, Hu L, Zheng H, Hu W, Chen C. 17β-Estradiol affects proliferation and apoptosis of rat prostatic smooth muscle cells by modulating cell cycle transition and related proteins. Cell Biol Int 2013; 32:899-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quiles MT, Arbós MA, Fraga A, de Torres IM, Reventós J, Morote J. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the herbal agent Pygeum africanum on cultured prostate stromal cells from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate 2010; 70:1044-53. [PMID: 20503393 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports show that the herbal agent Pygeum africanum (PA) used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) inhibits proliferation of prostate stromal cells from BPH tissues. To determine underlying mechanisms, we compared proliferative and apoptotic responses to PA between BPH and non-BPH prostate stromal cells with a focus on the specific reaction displayed by stromal cell subsets. An interaction of PA with growth factors and hormones was also investigated. METHODS Primary prostate stromal cells from BPH/LUTS patients undergoing open prostatectomy (n = 3) and patients without benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) undergoing cystectomy (n = 3) were treated with PA. Cells were characterized by immunofluorescence. Sensitivity to PA was determined using proliferation assays. Apoptosis, transforming growth factor B1 (TGFB1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), and smoothelin expression were examined after PA treatment. Cell immunophenotype and proliferation were tested after incubating cells with PA plus either FGF2, TGFB1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or 17beta-estradiol (E2). RESULTS Antiproliferative potency and apoptosis induced by PA on stromal cells were increased in BPH versus non-BPH cells. Apoptosis targeted alphaSMA+ cells, more abundant in BPH cells. Downregulation of TGFB1 expression was induced by PA. FGF2 increased cells sensitivity to PA. Incubation with other mitogenic factors like VEGF, DHT, and E2 decreased sensitivity to PA. Both TGFB1 and E2 blocked the antiproliferative activity of PA. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that PA is antiproliferative and apoptotic on proliferative prostate fibroblasts and myofibroblasts but not on smooth muscle cells. Mechanisms of action include TGFB1 downregulation and inhibition of FGF2 specific signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Quiles
- Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Han Y, Li N, Tian X, Kang J, Yan C, Qi Y. Endogenous transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 promotes differentiation of smooth muscle cells from embryonic stem cells: stable plasmid-based siRNA silencing of TGF beta1 gene expression. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:35-41. [PMID: 19784879 PMCID: PMC10717952 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 has been shown to promote differentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) from some precursor cells. Whether endogenous TGF beta1 also contributes to SMC differentiation during embryogenesis, however, remains unclear. In this study, a plasmid-based TGF beta1 RNA interference embryonic stem (ES) cell line was constructed. Morphological observation showed that TGF beta1 knockdown significantly prevented differentiated cells from outgrowing from ES cells-derived embryoid bodies (EBs). Immunofluorescence staining indicated that SM alpha-actin-positive cells were confluent and dense in the control group but dispersed in the TGF beta1 knockdown group. RT-PCR and western blot suggested that TGF beta1 knockdown resulted in a decrease in the expression of early SMC markers SM alpha-actin and myocardin in EBs. Both the retarded extension of cell outgrowth and the decrease in SM alpha-actin and myocardin expression could not be rescued by addition of exogenous TGF beta1. These data suggest that endogenous TGF beta1 promotes differentiation of SMC from ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Han
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 110016 Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Park II, Zhang Q, Liu V, Kozlowski JM, Zhang J, Lee C. 17Beta-estradiol at low concentrations acts through distinct pathways in normal versus benign prostatic hyperplasia-derived prostate stromal cells. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4594-605. [PMID: 19608654 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify differential responses to low concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in primary stromal cell cultures derived from either normal organ donors or benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy (BPH) specimens. Furthermore, we sought to identify the potential mechanism of E2 action in these cell types, through either a genomic or nongenomic mechanism. We initially treated stromal cells derived from five normal prostates or five BPH specimens with low concentrations of E2 (0.001-1.0 nM) and analyzed their growth response. To determine whether genomic or nongenomic pathways were involved, we performed studies using specific estrogen receptor antagonists to confirm transcriptional activity or MAPK inhibitors to confirm the involvement of rapid signaling. Results of these studies revealed a fundamental difference in the mechanism of the response to E2. In normal cells, we found that a nongenomic, rapid E2 signaling pathway is predominantly involved, mediated by G protein-coupled receptor-30 and the subsequent activation of ERK1/2. In BPH-derived prostate stromal cells, a genomic pathway is predominantly involved because the addition of ICI 182780 was sufficient to abrogate any estrogenic effects. In conclusion, prostate stromal cells respond to far lower concentrations of E2 than previously recognized or examined, and this response is mediated through two distinct mechanisms, depending on its origin. This may provide the basis for new insights into the causes of, and possible treatments for, BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin I Park
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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14
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The role of the prostatic stroma in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:829-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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17β-Estradiol affects the proliferation and apoptosis of rat bladder neck smooth muscle cells by modulating cell cycle transition and related proteins. World J Urol 2008; 27:241-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-008-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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Hawse J, Subramaniam M, Ingle J, Oursler M, Rajamannan N, Spelsberg T. Estrogen-TGFbeta cross-talk in bone and other cell types: role of TIEG, Runx2, and other transcription factors. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:383-92. [PMID: 17541956 PMCID: PMC3372922 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that E(2) and TGFbeta have major biological effects in multiple tissues, including bone. The signaling pathways through which these two factors elicit their effects are well documented. However, the interaction between these two pathways and the potential consequences of cross-talk between E(2) and TGFbeta continue to be elucidated. In this prospectus, we present known and potential roles of TIEG, Runx2, and other transcription factors as important mediators of signaling between these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.R. Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M. Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J.N. Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M.J. Oursler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - N.M. Rajamannan
- Department of Cardiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
| | - T.C. Spelsberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Correspondence to: T.C. Spelsberg, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1601 Guggenheim Bldg., Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
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Ogura Y, Ishii K, Kanda H, Kanai M, Arima K, Wang Y, Sugimura Y. Bisphenol A induces permanent squamous change in mouse prostatic epithelium. Differentiation 2007; 75:745-56. [PMID: 17459086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer of plastic products widely used in daily life, and has weak estrogenic activity. In this study, male BALB/c mice were treated with BPA and diethylstilbestrol (DES) in adult and fetal periods to investigate whether BPA could affect prostatic epithelial differentiation. Eight-to 9-week-old mice treated for 3 weeks with subcutaneous implants of 0.2-200 mg BPA pellets induced the expression of cytokeratin 10 (CK10) in prostatic basal epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Utilizing organ culture of adult prostate, 1 nM and 1 microM BPA also induced CK10 expression and squamous metaplasia with multilayering of basal epithelial cells, respectively. Fetal exposure to low-dose BPA (20 microg/kg/day) from gestation day (GD) 13 to GD18 induced permanent CK10 expression in basal cells of the adult prostate similar to DES (0.2 microg/kg/day). These results indicate that in mouse, BPA can directly elicit CK10 expression in prostatic epithelium, and that this change can be elicited by doses as low as 20 microg/kg/day. We speculate that low-dose BPA during fetal life may also induce permanent squamous change in human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogura
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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18
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Cross NA, Reid SV, Harvey AJ, Jokonya N, Eaton CL. Opposing actions of TGFbeta1 and FGF2 on growth, differentiation and extracellular matrix accumulation in prostatic stromal cells. Growth Factors 2006; 24:233-41. [PMID: 17381064 DOI: 10.1080/08977190600976501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
TGFbeta 1 and FGF2 are autocrine growth factors in prostatic stroma and are elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disease characterized by enlargement of the stromal compartment of the prostate. TGFbeta1 has a biphasic effect on proliferation of prostatic stromal cells, inducing proliferation at low doses (< 1 ng/ml), but inhibiting growth above 1 ng/ml. This study investigated the role of TGFP 1 and FGF2 on growth factor bioavailability and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation synthesis in cultured prostatic stromal cells. Real-Time-PCR showed that TGFbeta1 expression is auto-inductive, whereas FGF2 is auto-repressive. FGF2 also induced TGFbeta1 secretion in the absence of increased TGFbeta1 mRNA expression. TGFbeta1 and FGF2 have opposing actions on Type 1 collagen expression, a finding confirmed by Western blotting. The bioavailability of TGFbeta1 regulated by FGF2 may represent part of a negative feedback mechanism controlling stromal growth, differentiation and ECM. Dysregulation of this pathway in favour of TGFbeta1 bioactivity may exacerbate BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Cross
- Academic Unit of Urology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.
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Shibata Y, Kashiwagi B, Arai S, Fukabori Y, Suzuki K. Administration of extract of mushroom Phellinus linteus induces prostate enlargement with increase in stromal component in experimentally developed rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 2005; 66:455-60. [PMID: 16098375 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2004] [Revised: 02/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the effect of the mushroom extract Phellinus linteus on noncancerous prostate cells using an experimentally developed rat benign prostatic hyperplasia model. A growing number of people take some natural herbal extracts for maintenance of their health. Among them, the extracts of certain mushrooms are believed to have a marked tumoricidal effect but low toxicity for normal tissues, and they are being drunk widely in Japan and Korea. However, until now, their effect on noncancerous benign prostate growth has not been examined. METHODS The mushroom extract was administered daily for 5 weeks to experimentally developed benign prostatic hyperplasia rats. Prostate organ weight, histologic composition, and gene expression levels of sex hormone receptors, transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were examined. RESULTS Prostate weight increased significantly by 37% owing to treatment with the mushroom extract (P < 0.05). In particular, the stromal component of the prostate increased significantly by 80% (P < 0.05). A suppression of transforming growth factor-beta1 expression by 56% was observed with the mushroom extract treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that the mushroom extract enlarged the prostate. The effect was suggested to be on the prostate stroma, which may be involved in transforming growth factor-beta1 regulation. Administration of mushroom extract should be considered carefully by those with an enlarged prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shibata
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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