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Beser E, Cakir U, Karacaglar NB, Kucukoglu Keser M, Ceran B, Tugcu AU, Tayman C. Phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism in icteric term newborns. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:43-52. [PMID: 36398994 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phototherapy is demonstrated to cause hypocalcemia by decreasing melatonin levels and increasing cortisol levels. However, the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and calcium has not been previously evaluated in patients receiving phototherapy. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of phototherapy on ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (tCa), corrected calcium (cCa), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and PTH levels. METHODS Infants who were born at term and received inpatient phototherapy for indirect hyperbilirubinemia were included in our study. The patients' gestational age, birth weight, and phototherapy durations were recorded. Total bilirubin, albumin, iCa, tCa, cCa, Mg, 25(OH)D, and PTH levels before and after phototherapy were compared. Laboratory results were also compared between patients who received phototherapy for ≤24 h, 25-47 h, and ≥48 h. RESULTS A total of 166 term infants were included in the study. The mean duration of phototherapy was 31.9 ± 9.2 h. Albumin levels before and after phototherapy were similar (p=0.246). However, there were significant decreases in iCa, tCa, cCa, Mg, 25(OH)D, and PTH levels after phototherapy (p<0.001), while P level was significantly increased after phototherapy (p<0.001). In addition, P levels increased with >24 h of phototherapy, while iCa, tCa, cCa, Mg, 25(OH)D, and PTH levels decreased significantly with ≥48 h of phototherapy (p=0.002, p=0.008, p=0.001, p=0.012, and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that PTH suppression is one of the causes of phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Beser
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Cakir
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Kucukoglu Keser
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Ceran
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Ulas Tugcu
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Tayman
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Schou A, Jørgensen NR, Maro VP, Kilonzo K, Ramaiya K, Sironga J, Jensen AK, Christensen DL, Schwarz P. The circadian rhythm of calcium and bone homeostasis in Maasai. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23756. [PMID: 35481615 PMCID: PMC9539595 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ethnic groups differ in prevalence of calcium-related diseases. Differences in the physiology and the endogenous circadian rhythm (CR) of calcium and bone homeostasis may play a role. Thus, we aimed to investigate details of CR pattern in calcium and bone homeostasis in East African Maasai. METHODS Ten clinically healthy adult Maasai men and women from Tanzania were examined. Blood samples were collected every 2nd hour for 24 h. Serum levels of total calcium, albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, creatinine, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and osteocalcin were measured. Circadian patterns were derived from graphic curves of medians, and rhythmicity was assessed with Fourier analysis. RESULTS PTH-levels varied over the 24 h exhibiting a bimodal pattern. Nadir level corresponded to 65% of total 24-h mean. CTX and P1NP showed 24-h variations with a morning nadir and nocturnal peak with nadir levels corresponding to 23% and 79% of the 24-h mean, respectively. Albumin-corrected calcium level was held in a narrow range and alterations were corresponding to alterations in PTH. There was no distinct pattern in 24-h variations of 25(OH)D, creatinine, osteocalcin, or BSAP. CONCLUSIONS All participants showed pronounced 24-h variations in PTH and bone turnover markers CTX and P1NP. These findings support that Maasai participants included in this study have typical patterns of CR in calcium and bone homeostasis consistent with findings from other ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schou
- Diabetes and Bone-Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Venance Phillip Maro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Kajiru Kilonzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Kaushik Ramaiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joseph Sironga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Monduli District Hospital, Monduli, Tanzania
| | - Andreas Kryger Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dirk Lund Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Diabetes and Bone-Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bjørnshave A, Lykkeboe S, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Hermansen K, Starup-Linde J. Effects of a whey protein pre-meal on bone turnover in participants with and without type 2 diabetes-A post hoc analysis of a randomised, controlled, crossover trial. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14471. [PMID: 33259643 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Whey protein may improve bone turnover and have anti-osteoporotic effects. The aim of the present randomised, controlled, crossover trial was to evaluate the effects of a whey protein pre-meal on bone turnover in people with type 2 diabetes and controls. METHODS Two groups, matched on sex, age and body mass index, comprising 12 participants with and 12 participants without type 2 diabetes were randomly given a pre-meal of whey protein (20 g) or water, which was consumed 15 min before a fat-rich meal or a fat-rich meal supplemented with 20 g whey protein. During a 360-min period, postprandial responses in bone turnover were examined. RESULTS Osteocalcin, P-procollagen type 1 amino terminal propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-I collagen (CTX) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were lower at baseline and PTH, osteocalcin and P1NP were lower during the entire postprandial phase in participants with type 2 diabetes than in participants without type 2 diabetes. We observed similar postprandial responses in bone turnover markers between persons with and without type 2 diabetes. We observed no effect of the whey protein or the water pre-meal on bone turnover markers. The changes were unrelated to secretion of hormones of the gut-bone axis. CONCLUSION Osteocalcin, P1NP, CTX and PTH all decreased following meal ingestion. We observed no convincing effect of a whey protein pre-meal on bone turnover. However, these results confirm that people with type 2 diabetes have low bone turnover and that the decreased bone formation markers are also extend into the postprandial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Bjørnshave
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkeboe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Hysaj O, Marqués-Gallego P, Richard A, Elgizouli M, Nieters A, Quack Lötscher KC, Rohrmann S. Parathyroid Hormone in Pregnancy: Vitamin D and Other Determinants. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020360. [PMID: 33504033 PMCID: PMC7911996 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration in pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy (1st trimester) and within days before delivery (3rd trimester) and evaluate its determinants. From September 2014 through December 2015 in a cross-sectional study, 204 women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and 203 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Blood samples were collected to measure PTH and circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Lifestyle and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were inversely correlated in both early and late pregnancy. Our analyses suggest that in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, a 25(OH)D level of 18.9 ng/mL (47.3 nmol/L) could serve as an inflection point for the maximal suppression of PTH. Statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations in multiple regression were 25(OH)D concentrations, season, multiparity and education of the partner (all p < 0.05) in early pregnancy. In late pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations and country of origin were statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations (all p < 0.05). These factors and their effect on PTH appear to be vastly determined by 25(OH)D; however, they might also affect PTH through other mechanisms besides 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hysaj
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland; (O.H.); (P.M.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Patricia Marqués-Gallego
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland; (O.H.); (P.M.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Aline Richard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland; (O.H.); (P.M.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Magdeldin Elgizouli
- FREEZE-Biobank, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115 4, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- FREEZE-Biobank, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115 4, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.); (A.N.)
| | | | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland; (O.H.); (P.M.-G.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-5256
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Al Kadi H. Prevalence and Determinants of a Blunted Parathyroid Hormone Response in Young Saudi Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5579484. [PMID: 34580590 PMCID: PMC8464415 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among the Saudi population. Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is an appropriate homeostatic response to correct the resultant hypocalcemia. However, not all vitamin D deficiency patients have increased PTH levels. This study determined the prevalence of a blunted PTH response to vitamin D deficiency among apparently healthy young Saudi women and assessed anthropometric and biochemical factors associated with this response by performing a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted at the "Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis research." Overall, 315 women (aged 20-45 years) with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels <30 nmol/L) were included. They were divided into two groups according to the laboratory cutoff value of PTH (<7 or ≥7 pmol/L), and anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of both groups were compared. Women with a blunted PTH response (n = 62, 19.7%) had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001) and smaller waist circumference (P=0.001). They also had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D (P=0.001), corrected serum calcium (P < 0.001), and phosphate (P=0.003) levels than those with an elevated PTH response (n = 253, 80.3%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that lower BMI (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.949-0.987) and higher 25(OH)D (OR = 1.068; 95% CI: 1.014-1.124) and serum calcium (OR = 8.600; 95% CI: 1.614-45.809) levels were significantly associated with a blunted PTH response (R 2 = 0.178). A blunted PTH response to vitamin D deficiency is mainly observed among women with lower BMI. Higher serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels and lower BMI were significant predictors of a blunted PTH response, which may indicate that these subjects are adapting to lower 25(OH)D levels and maintaining normal calcium levels without the need to increase PTH secretion. The mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unclear, and future studies to explore these mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al Kadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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García-García A, Méndez-Ferrer S. The Autonomic Nervous System Pulls the Strings to Coordinate Circadian HSC Functions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:956. [PMID: 32508835 PMCID: PMC7251159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As for many other adult stem cells, the behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is subjected to circadian regulatory patterns. Multiple HSPC functions, such as proliferation, differentiation or trafficking exhibit time-dependent patterns that require a tight coordination to ensure daily blood cell production. The autonomic nervous system, together with circulating hormones, relay circadian signals from the central clock-the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain-to synchronize HSC niche physiology according to light/darkness cycles. Research over the last 20 years has revealed how specific neural signals modulate certain aspects of circadian HSC biology. However, only recently some studies have started to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate this complex regulation in a time-dependent fashion. Here we firstly review some of the recent key findings illustrating how different neural signals (catecholaminergic or cholinergic) regulate circadian HSC egress, homing, maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. In particular, we highlight the critical role of different neurotransmitter receptors in the bone marrow microenvironment to channel these neural signals and regulate antagonistic processes according to circadian cues and organismal demands. Then, we discuss the potential biological meaning of HSC circadian regulation and its possible utility for clinical purposes. Finally, we offer our perspective on emerging concepts in HSC chronobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García-García
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Shi L, Sun Y, Xu H, Liu Y, Li Y, Huang Z, Ni A, Chen C, Wang P, Ye J, Ma H, Li D, Chen J. Effect of age at photostimulation on reproductive performance of Beijing-You Chicken breeders. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4522-4529. [PMID: 31127838 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work studied the effect of age at photostimulation on reproductive performance of Beijing-You Chicken (BYC) breeders. A total of 384 fourteen-week-old BYC breeder hens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 96 birds each, with 2 replicates per treatment. The treatments represent photostimulation at 16, 18, 20, and 22 wk of age, respectively (PS16, PS18, PS20, and PS22) by incrementally increasing day length from 8L:16D to 14L:10D and by increasing lighting intensity from 10 to 80 lx. Egg production was recorded for each replicate until 51 wk. Four birds randomly selected from each treatment were sacrificed to characterize sexual organ development at 4 time points: 1 D before photostimulation and 2, 4, and 6 wk after photostimulation. Eggshell quality at peak laying was measured. The results showed that the changes in ovary and oviduct weight in PS22 were 8.68- and 4.27-fold higher than in PS16 at 6 wk after photostimulation. PS16 had an earlier age at 5% egg production than PS20 and PS22 (P = 0.003). The interval from photostimulation to age at 5% egg production in PS20 and PS22 was shorter than in other treatments (P = 0.005). Later peak egg production was seen in PS20 (211.0 D) and PS22 (218.0 D) than in PS16 (183.0 D) and PS18 (190.0 D, P = 0.020), but the laying rate of PS20 decreased slowly after peak laying. PS20 and PS22 had higher egg weights than PS16 and PS18 at peak laying (P = 0.018). Age at photostimulation had no effect on egg number, defective egg number, or hatchability (P > 0.05). In summary, the onset of lay can be advanced by photostimulation at early ages, but there is no difference on egg production until 51 wk. Photostimulation at 20 wk improves peak of laying and laying uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Panlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhua Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongli Li
- Beijing Bainianliyuan Ecological Agriculture Co., LTD, Beijing 101500, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Popović M, Matana A, Torlak V, Brdar D, Gunjača I, Boraska Perica V, Barbalić M, Kolčić I, Punda A, Polašek O, Hayward C, Zemunik T. The effect of multiple nutrients on plasma parathyroid hormone level in healthy individuals. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:638-644. [PMID: 30614303 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1551335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the effect of isolated nutrients on plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) is somewhat familiar, the effect of multiple nutrients on plasma PTH level has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to identify groups of food items that are associated with the plasma PTH level in healthy individuals. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1180 healthy individuals from Croatia with plasma PTH levels inside the referent values. A food frequency questionnaire containing 58 food items was completed to evaluate the dietary intake. We used principal component analysis to reduce food items into dietary groups, followed by linear regression analysis to test the association between dietary groups and the level of PTH. The results indicate that different sorts of vegetables (p = .006), sausages, salami, mushrooms, eggs (p = .033), as well as white bread (p = .009) are associated with the increase, while bran bread (p = .009) is associated with the decreased plasma PTH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Popović
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Antonela Matana
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Vesela Torlak
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Dubravka Brdar
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- c Department of Public Health , University of Split, School of Medicine Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- c Department of Public Health , University of Split, School of Medicine Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- d MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
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Insights into the Role of Circadian Rhythms in Bone Metabolism: A Promising Intervention Target? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9156478. [PMID: 30363685 PMCID: PMC6180976 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9156478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes of mammals, including bone metabolism, are regulated by the circadian clock system, which consists of a central regulator, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and the peripheral oscillators of the BMAL1/CLOCK-PERs/CRYs system. Various bone turnover markers and bone metabolism-regulating hormones such as melatonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) display diurnal rhythmicity. According to previous research, disruption of the circadian clock due to shift work, sleep restriction, or clock gene knockout is associated with osteoporosis or other abnormal bone metabolism, showing the importance of the circadian clock system for maintaining homeostasis of bone metabolism. Moreover, common causes of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal status and aging, are associated with changes in the circadian clock. In our previous research, we found that agonism of the circadian regulators REV-ERBs inhibits osteoclast differentiation and ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice, suggesting that clock genes may be promising intervention targets for abnormal bone metabolism. Moreover, osteoporosis interventions at different time points can provide varying degrees of bone protection, showing the importance of accounting for circadian rhythms for optimal curative effects in clinical treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about circadian rhythms and bone metabolism.
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Djekic-Ivankovic M, Lavery P, Agellon S, Weiler HA. The C-3α Epimer of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol from Endogenous and Exogenous Sources Supports Normal Growth and Bone Mineral Density in Weanling Rats. J Nutr 2017; 147:141-151. [PMID: 27881592 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.231753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C-3α epimer of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [3-epi-25(OH)D3] is elevated in infants. OBJECTIVES We tested whether increasing cholecalciferol intake results in a dose-response in plasma 3-epi-25(OH)D3 We also examined bone and mineral metabolism in response to 3-epi-25(OH)D3 treatment. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats (4 wk old) were randomly assigned (n = 6/group of each sex) to AIN-93G diets with cholecalciferol at 1 (control), 2, or 4 IU/g diet for objective 1 and to diets with 3-epi-25(OH)D3 at 0.5 or 1 IU/g diet or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] at 0.5 IU/g diet for objective 2 for 8 wk. Measurements at weeks 0, 4, and 8 included body weight and length, plasma vitamin D metabolites, bone biomarkers, and bone mineral density determined by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lumbar vertebra 3 (L3) geometry and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) were measured using microcomputed tomography. Differences between groups were identified for males and females separately. RESULTS Weight and food intake were not different between groups. Elevated plasma 3-epi-25(OH)D3 was observed only in females in the 4 IU cholecalciferol/g diet group (mean ± SD: 24.7 ± 17.1 ng/mL), compared with the control group (5.3 ± 1.4 ng/mL; P = 0.001). By week 8, both male and female rats in the 3-epi-25(OH)D3 groups had >87% greater plasma 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations relative to the 25(OH)D3 reference group (P < 0.0001). At week 8 in males only, parathyroid hormone was significantly lower (P = 0.019) in both 3-epi-25(OH)D3 groups than in the 25(OH)D3 group, and L3 total vBMD was higher (P = 0.004) in the 0.5 IU 3-epi-25(OH)D3 group than in the 25(OH)D3 group. CONCLUSIONS Endogenously generated 3-epi-25(OH)D3 is more prominent in female than in male rats. Exogenous 3-epi-25(OH)D3 was as effective as 25(OH)D3 in supporting bone mineral accretion in both sexes. It thus appears that 3-epi-25(OH)D3 has biological activity and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Djekic-Ivankovic
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Müller WEG, Wang X, Schröder HC. New Target Sites for Treatment of Osteoporosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 55:187-219. [PMID: 28238039 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, much progress has been achieved in the discovery of new drug target sites for treatment of osteoporotic disorders, one of the main challenging diseases with a large burden for the public health systems. Among these new agents promoting bone formation, shifting the impaired equilibrium between bone anabolism and bone catabolism in the direction of bone synthesis are inorganic polymers, in particular inorganic polyphosphates that show strong stimulatory effects on the expression of bone anabolic marker proteins and hydroxyapatite formation. The bone-forming activity of these polymers can even be enhanced by combination with certain small molecules like quercetin, or if given as functionally active particles with certain divalent cations like strontium ions even showing by itself biological activity. This chapter summarizes recent developments in the search and development of novel anti-osteoporotic agents, with a particular focus on therapeutic approaches based on the potential application of inorganic polymers and combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany. .,NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Melatonin, bone regulation and the ubiquitin-proteasome connection: A review. Life Sci 2015; 145:152-60. [PMID: 26706287 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, investigators have shown that ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation is critical in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The major signal transduction pathways regulating bone formation are the RANK/NF-κB pathway and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These signal transduction pathways regulate the activity of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the major signaling pathways in the differentiation of osteoblasts. The ubiquitin ligases that are reported to be of major significance in regulating these pathways are the ubiquitin SCF(B-TrCP) ligase (which regulates activation of NF-κB via degradation of IkBα in osteoclasts, and regulates bone transcription factors via degradation of β-catenin), the Keap-Cul3-Rbx1 ligase (which regulates degradation of IkB kinase, Nrf2, and the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2), and Smurf1. Also of significance in regulating osteoclastogenesis is the deubiquitinase, CYLD (cylindramatosis protein), which facilitates the separation of NF-κB from IkBα. The degradation of CYLD is also under the regulation of SCF(B-TrCP). Proteasome inhibitors influence the activity of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but also modulate the differentiation of precursor cells into osteoblasts. Preclinical studies show that melatonin also influences bone metabolism by stimulating bone growth and inhibiting osteoclast activity. These actions of melatonin could be interpreted as being mediated by the ubiquitin ligases SCF(B-TrCP) and Keap-Cul3-Rbx, or as an inhibitory effect on proteasomes. Clinical trials of the use of melatonin in the treatment of bone disease, including multiple myeloma, using both continuous and intermittent modes of administration, are warranted.
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13
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Bahijri SM, Ajabnoor GM, Borai A, Al-Aama JY, Chrousos GP. Effect of Ramadan fasting in Saudi Arabia on serum bone profile and immunoglobulins. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2015; 6:223-32. [PMID: 26445645 PMCID: PMC4579416 DOI: 10.1177/2042018815594527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year Muslims fast from dawn to sunset for 1 month (Ramadan). In Saudi Arabia, the sleep-wake cycle during Ramadan is severely disturbed and is associated with abolition of the circadian cortisol rhythm, exposing Saudis to continuously increased cortisol levels, which may influence the immune response. In addition to cortisol, sleep and fasting affect the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hence bone metabolism. METHODS Our objective was to investigate the effect of Ramadan type fasting on secretory patterns of PTH, markers of bone metabolism, and serum immunoglobulins. Blood samples from healthy young volunteers were collected at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. (± 1 hour) before (Shaban) and 2 weeks into Ramadan. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 25-OH vitamin D, intact PTH (iPTH), and immunoglobulin (Ig) A, M and G were measured. RESULTS During Ramadan, evening-adjusted calcium was higher (p = 0.036) and phosphate lower (p < 0.001) than the corresponding morning value. Moreover, the Ramadan mean morning phosphate was higher and the evening level lower was than Shabaan values (p = 0.010 and p <0.001, respectively), while mean iPTH level was decreased compared with the morning value (p = 0.001), and the evening mean during Shabaan (p = 0.029). Mean IgG concentration was significantly lower during Ramadan (p = 0.003 and p = 0.021 for morning and evening, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Changes in dietary practices during Ramadan modulated PTH secretion to a pattern which might be beneficial to bone health. Combined effects of fasting and disturbed sleep led to a noted decrease in IgG level. Therefore, a possible beneficial effect of fasting on bone turnover is combined with decreased immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhard M. Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 4873, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada M. Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Y. Al-Aama
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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14
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Rochefort GY. The osteocyte as a therapeutic target in the treatment of osteoporosis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2014; 6:79-91. [PMID: 24891879 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x14523500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a low bone-mineral density associated with skeletal fractures. The decrease in bone-mineral density is the consequence of an unbalanced bone-remodeling process, with higher bone resorption than bone formation. The orchestration of the bone-remodeling process is under the control of the most abundant cell in bone, the osteocyte. Functioning as an endocrine cell, osteocytes are also a source of soluble factors that not only target cells on the bone surface, but also target distant organs. Therefore, any drugs targeting the osteocyte functions and signaling pathways will have a major impact on the bone-remodeling process. This review discusses potential advances in drug therapy for osteoporosis, including novel osteocyte-related antiresorptive and anabolic agents that may become available in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Y Rochefort
- EA 2496, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
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15
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Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis and the incidence of age-related fragility fracture vary by ethnicity. There is greater than 10-fold variation in fracture probabilities between countries across the world. Mineral and bone metabolism are intimately interlinked, and both are known to exhibit patterns of daily variation, known as the diurnal rhythm (DR). Ethnic differences are described for Ca and P metabolism. The importance of these differences is described in detail between select ethnic groups, within the USA between African-Americans and White-Americans, between the Gambia and the UK and between China and the UK. Dietary Ca intake is higher in White-Americans compared with African-Americans, and is higher in White-British compared with Gambian and Chinese adults. Differences are observed also for plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D, related to lifestyle differences, skin pigmentation and skin exposure to UVB-containing sunshine. Higher plasma 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and parathyroid hormone are observed in African-American compared with White-American adults. Plasma parathyroid hormone is also higher in Gambian adults and, in winter, in Chinese compared with White-British adults. There may be ethnic differences in the bone resorptive effects of parathyroid hormone, with a relative skeletal resistance to parathyroid hormone observed in some, but not all ethnic groups. Renal mineral excretion is also influenced by ethnicity; urinary Ca (uCa) and urinary P (uP) excretions are lower in African-Americans compared with White-Americans, and in Gambians compared with their White-British counterparts. Little is known about ethnic differences in the DR of Ca and P metabolism, but differences may be expected due to known differences in lifestyle factors, such as dietary intake and sleep/wake pattern. The ethnic-specific DR of Ca and P metabolism may influence the net balance of Ca and P conservation and bone remodelling. These ethnic differences in Ca, P and the bone metabolism may be important factors in the variation in skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Redmond
- Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
| | | | - B. Zhou
- Department of Public health, Shenyang Medical College, 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - A. Prentice
- Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
- Medical Research Council Keneba, The Gambia
| | - I. Schoenmakers
- Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
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16
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Rajakumar K, Holick MF, Moore CG, Cohen E, Olabopo F, Haralam MA, Bogusz J, Nucci A, Greenspan SL. Impact of seasonal flux on 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone turnover in pre- and early pubertal youth. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:35-42. [PMID: 24003769 PMCID: PMC3944137 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal fluxes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in children can affect bone turnover, and in turn potentially affect bone accrual and peak bone mass. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of seasonal flux on the association among 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and markers of bone turnover in pre- and early pubertal black children and white children. METHODS Data were collected during summer (June-September) and winter (December-March) in 6-12-year-old children. Measurements included serum 25(OH)D, PTH, osteocalcin (OC), collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTx), dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, skin color, sunlight exposure, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS A total of 138 children (mean age, 9.1 ± 1.7 years; black, n = 94; male, n = 81) were studied. 25(OH)D was higher (41.2 ± 13 vs 34.5 ± 11.1 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and CTx was lower (0.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001) in all participants during summer when compared to winter. Furthermore, seasonal differences in CTx were more pronounced in black children (summer, 0.7 ± 0.3 vs winter, 1.0 ± 0.5 ng/mL; P < 0.001). PTH was a significant predictor of serum CTx and OC after adjusting for race, season, Tanner stage, dietary calcium, skin color and BMI. CONCLUSION 25(OH)D declined significantly in both black children and white children during winter. CTx significantly increased during winter in black children compared to white children, suggesting increased rates of resorption in black children during winter. Benefits of enhancement of wintertime vitamin D status on bone health need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Monk RD, Bushinsky DA. Making sense of the latest advice on vitamin D therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:994-8. [PMID: 21617120 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Institute of Medicine recently published recommendations for the daily intake and optimal serum levels of vitamin D based on an extensive review of the existing literature. Here we examine the issue and put levels of vitamin D in context for the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease. Large randomized controlled trials are necessary to ensure that current recommendations are appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca D Monk
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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18
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Prentice A, Goldberg GR, Schoenmakers I. Vitamin D across the lifecycle: physiology and biomarkers. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:500S-506S. [PMID: 18689390 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.2.500s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of vitamin D public health research has a pressing need to define sensitive and specific predictors of vitamin D status that can be used to determine whether an individual or population has a supply of vitamin D that is sufficient to meet requirements. The aim of this review is to highlight the considerations needed when evaluating evidence of the relations between vitamin D biomarkers and functional or health outcomes across the life cycle. It draws attention to the importance of distinguishing between biomarkers of supply, function, and outcome and of considering the many factors that could influence interpretation, such as life stage, ethnicity, body mass index, liver and kidney function, and dietary calcium and phosphorus intake. The vitamin D biomarkers that have shown the most utility to date are the plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (supply), the plasma concentration of parathyroid hormone (function), and the presence or absence of rickets (outcome). However, a single biomarker of vitamin D status or threshold value is unlikely to be valid in all situations. The field therefore needs research to refine existing biomarkers or establish new indicators that take the many factors into account and to identify useful functional biomarkers of vitamin D status for infants, children, women of reproductive age, and specific ethnic groups. However, evidence using the biomarkers currently available shows that frank vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem in many parts of the world that requires urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Prentice
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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19
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20
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Viljoen A, Singh DK, Twomey PJ, Farrington K. Analytical quality goals for parathyroid hormone based on biological variation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1438-42. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Joseph F, Chan BY, Durham BH, Ahmad AM, Vinjamuri S, Gallagher JA, Vora JP, Fraser WD. The circadian rhythm of osteoprotegerin and its association with parathyroid hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:3230-8. [PMID: 17550963 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclast resorptive activity, which is known to demonstrate circadian rhythmicity, is regulated by various endocrine hormones and cytokines. PTH suppresses osteoprotegerin (OPG), a regulator of osteoclast activity that has recently been shown to have a circadian rhythm in healthy controls. We studied the differences in the relationship between PTH, OPG, and type I collagen C-telopeptide (betaCTX) over a 24-h period in premenopausal women, elderly postmenopausal women, and elderly men. METHODS Hourly peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from 18 healthy non-osteoporotic volunteers: premenopausal women (n = 6; mean age, 30.2 +/- 2.2 yr), postmenopausal women (n = 6; mean age, 68.2 +/- 2.6 yr), and elderly men (n = 6; mean age, 68.2 +/- 2.3 yr). Plasma PTH (1-84), OPG, betaCTX, and calcium were measured on all samples. Cosinor analysis was performed to analyze the circadian rhythm parameters. Cross-correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the time series of the variables. RESULTS The 24-h mean PTH, OPG, and betaCTX concentrations were significantly higher in postmenopausal women as compared with premenopausal women and elderly men (P < 0.001). Significant circadian rhythms were observed for PTH (P < 0.05), OPG (P < 0.05), and betaCTX (P < 0.001) in all subjects. PTH secretion was characterized by two peaks in premenopausal women and elderly men and by a sustained increase in PTH concentration in postmenopausal women. OPG secretion was circadian with a daytime increase and nocturnal decrease, and a greater percent decrease in OPG secretion was observed in the postmenopausal women between 1600 and 2400 h. OPG secretion was inversely related to PTH (r = -0.4) and betaCTX (r = -0.6) secretion over a 24-h period. CONCLUSION This report confirms a circadian rhythm for circulating OPG. The nocturnal decline in circulating OPG is greater in postmenopausal women as compared with premenopausal women and elderly men. Altered PTH secretion may contribute to the OPG secretory pattern in postmenopausal women resulting in increased nocturnal bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Joseph
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom.
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22
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Sepe V, Adamo G, La Fianza A, Libetta C, Giuliano MG, Soccio G, Dal Canton A. Henle loop basement membrane as initial site for Randall plaque formation. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48:706-11. [PMID: 17059989 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the early description of Randall plaques in 1937, studies of the pathogenesis of stone formation mainly focused on the chemistry involving salt precipitation and crystallization, rather than tubular and interstitial medullar mechanisms of calcium concentration and supersaturation. In 2003, Bushinsky published a suggestive and inspiring sequence of events aimed to show that the basement membrane of the thin limb of the loop of Henle can be the first site of nucleation, as recently shown by the impressive work by Evan et al. The aim of this minireview is to verify the consistency of the Evan and Bushinsky theory with the current literature in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sepe
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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23
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Abstract
It has long been recognized that the secretion of PTH by chief cells in the parathyroid gland is regulated by extracellular ionized calcium. The molecular mechanism by which extracellular Ca2+ performs this feat was deduced by the cloning of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in 1993 in the laboratories of Brown and Hebert. The CaSR is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor that belongs to family 3 of the GPCR superfamily. The CaSR senses the extracellular ionic activity of the divalent minerals Ca2+ and Mg2+ and translates this information, via a complex array of cellular signaling pathways, to modify cell and tissue function. Genetic studies have demonstrated that the activity of this receptor determines the steady-state plasma calcium concentration in humans by regulating key elements in the calcium homeostatic system. CaSR agonists (calcimimetics) and antagonists (calcilytics) have been identified and have provided both current and potential therapies for a variety of disorders. Calcimimetics can effectively reduce PTH secretion in all forms of hyperparathyroidism. They are likely to become a major therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with renal failure and for treatment of certain patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. On the therapeutic horizon are calcilytics that can transiently increase PTH and may prove useful in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Hebert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8026, USA.
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Tarquini R, Mazzoccoli G, Dolenti S, Gaudiano P, Comuni C, Laffi G, Perfetto F, Otsuka K, Cornélissen G, Halberg F. Circasemidian rather than circadian variation of circulating osteoprotegerin in clinical health. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59 Suppl 1:S225-8. [PMID: 16275499 PMCID: PMC2631572 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(05)80036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) serves as a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL to inhibit osteoclast formation and activity. Hormones such as PTH and glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease OPG concentrations, while estrogens, transforming growth factor b, related bone morphogenic factor and thrombopoietin reportedly enhance the OPG production in the osteoblastic and bone stromal cells. Since bone turnover shows a prominent circadian rhythm in laboratory animals and humans, with bone resorption increasing at night, we investigated the time structure of circulating OPG concentrations in a group of nine healthy subjects (six women and three men; in the age range of 26-49 years). Blood samples for OPG determination were collected every 4 h for 24 h on the same day, starting at 08:00 in the morning. Data were analyzed by inferential statistical procedures, including the single and population-mean cosinor. A 12-h component was found to characterize serum OPG concentrations (P = 0.038) with peak concentrations around noon and midnight. No statistically significant circadian rhythm of OPG concentrations could be found by cosinor in our study population. The mean 24-h OPG concentration was higher in women than in men (mean +/- S.E.: 3.13 +/- 0.44 vs. 1.94 +/- 0.26 pmol/l, Student t = 2.325, P = 0.053). Since PTH concentrations also exhibit a bimodal pattern along the 24-h scale, PTH may be tested as a putative determinant of the observed changes in serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tarquini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, Italy
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25
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Aspray TJ, Yan L, Prentice A. Parathyroid hormone and rates of bone formation are raised in perimenopausal rural Gambian women. Bone 2005; 36:710-20. [PMID: 15780975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate rates of bone turnover and calcium homeostasis in Gambian women, we recruited 103 peri- and postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 80+ years and 11 women of reproductive age. Fasting blood was analyzed for plasma osteocalcin, PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D], total- and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. Plasma and urinary calcium, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and albumin and urine free deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) was also measured. Samples from 20 premenopausal and 31 postmenopausal women from Cambridge, UK were analyzed, using the same methodology for comparison. For the Gambian women, peak calcium excretion occurred at around 50 years of age. For women aged > or =45 years, calcium excretion decreased by 3.0% per year of age (SE 1%; P < 0.005). In this age group, 25(OH)D also decreased with age (P < 0.005). Urinary sodium output, pH, and titratable acid output decreased (all P < 0.05) and total alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.005), osteocalcin (P < 0.005), and PTH (P < 0.05) increased with age. Comparisons were made between the following groups of Gambian and British women: premenopausal, early (age 55-64 years)- and late (age 65+ years)-postmenopausal. Gambian women of all ages were lighter (P < 0.001), shorter (P < 0.01), and had higher plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) and higher concentrations of osteocalcin (P < 0.05), PTH (P < 0.001), 1,25(OH)(2)D (P < 0.001), and 25(OH)D (P < 0.001). There were no consistent differences in calcitonin, while urinary free Dpd outputs were lower in the Gambians (P < 0.001). Plasma calcium, phosphate, and albumin (P < 0.01) were significantly lower. Urinary calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium excretion were lower, particularly in the postmenopausal group (P < 0.001). Although Gambian urine pH was more acidic, titratable acid output was lower (P < 0.01). These data show that Gambian women with low dietary calcium intakes and good vitamin D status have low urinary calcium excretion and that menopausal changes in calcium and bone metabolism among Gambian women are similar to those seen in other populations. In addition, they demonstrate that Gambian women of all ages have raised plasma PTH and 1,25(OH)(2)D concentrations and raised markers of osteoblast activity. We postulate that high endogenous PTH concentrations may be beneficial to bone health in Gambian women, removing fatigue damage and improving bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence J Aspray
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
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