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Gao SS, Shen YL, Chen YW, Wei XZ, Hu JJ, Wang J, Wu WJ. Liver Metabolomics Analysis Revealing Key Metabolites Associated with Different Stages of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hamsters. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1303-1317. [PMID: 37859316 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073238503230924180432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not only the top cause of liver diseases but also a hepatic-correlated metabolic syndrome. This study performed untargeted metabolomics analysis of NAFLD hamsters to identify the key metabolites to discriminate different stages of NAFLD. METHODS Hamsters were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the NAFLD model with different stages (six weeks named as the NAFLD1 group and twelve weeks as the NAFLD2 group, respectively). Those liver samples were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics (UM) analysis to investigate metabolic changes and metabolites to discriminate different stages of NAFLD. RESULTS The significant liver weight gain in NAFLD hamsters was observed, accompanied by significantly increased levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Moreover, the levels of TG, LDL-C, ALT, and AST were significantly higher in the NAFLD2 group than in the NAFLD1 group. The UM analysis also revealed the metabolic changes; 27 differently expressed metabolites were detected between the NAFLD2 and NAFLD1 groups. More importantly, the levels of N-methylalanine, allantoin, glucose, and glutamylvaline were found to be significantly different between any two groups (control, NAFLD2 and NAFLD1). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve results also showed that these four metabolites are able to distinguish control, NAFLD1 and NAFLD2 groups. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the process of NAFLD in hamsters is accompanied by different metabolite changes, and these key differently expressed metabolites may be valuable diagnostic biomarkers and responses to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yue-Liang Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310011, China
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang, 315000, China
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Miao J, Chen L, Pan X, Li L, Zhao B, Lan J. Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3191-3210. [PMID: 37341833 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis. However, in neurodegenerative conditions, microglial cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to pathological stimuli, including Aβ plaques, Tau tangles, and α-synuclein aggregates. This metabolic shift is characterized by a transition from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, increased glucose uptake, enhanced production of lactate, lipids, and succinate, and upregulation of glycolytic enzymes. These metabolic adaptations result in altered microglial functions, such as amplified inflammatory responses and diminished phagocytic capacity, which exacerbate neurodegeneration. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial metabolic reprogramming in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglial metabolism to mitigate neuroinflammation and promote brain health. Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming in Neurodegenerative Diseases This graphical abstract illustrates the metabolic shift in microglial cells in response to pathological stimuli and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglial metabolism for improved brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Miao
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojin Pan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqing Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiao Lan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Yin L, Liu L, Tang Y, Chen Q, Zhang D, Lin Z, Wang Y, Liu Y. The Implications in Meat Quality and Nutrition by Comparing the Metabolites of Pectoral Muscle between Adult Indigenous Chickens and Commercial Laying Hens. Metabolites 2023; 13:840. [PMID: 37512547 PMCID: PMC10384229 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged chickens are often a secondary dietary choice, owing to the poor organoleptic qualities of their meat. With regard to the meat quality of chickens, the metabolic profiles of pectoral muscle in Guangyuan grey chickens (group G) and Hy-Line grey hens (group H) aged 55 weeks were compared via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A total of 74 metabolites were identified with differential changes in the ion model. Lipids and lipid-like molecules comprised the largest proportion among the different metabolites. The content of myristic acid and palmitic acid were found to be higher in the pectoral muscle of group G, while group H showed significantly higher levels of glycerophospholipid molecules, such as LPC(18:2/0:0), Pi(38:5), Pc(16:0/16:0), and Pe(16:1e/14-hdohe). KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the abundant metabolites in group G were mainly involved in energy metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, whereas those of group H were mainly attributed to the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Overall, the differences in lipid and amino acid metabolism in pectoral muscle appear to be responsible for the difference in meat quality between indigenous chickens and commercial laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Donghao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Xia W, Liu Y, Loor JJ, Bionaz M, Jiang M. Dynamic Profile of the Yak Mammary Transcriptome during the Lactation Cycle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101710. [PMID: 37238139 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the transcriptome of the mammary tissue of four yaks during the whole lactation cycle. For this purpose, biopsies of the mammary gland were performed at -30, -15, 1, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 days relative to parturition (d). The transcriptome analysis was performed using a commercial bovine microarray platform and the results were analyzed using several bioinformatic tools. The statistical analysis using an overall false discovery rate ≤ 0.05 for the effect of whole lactation and p < 0.05 for each comparison identified >6000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) throughout lactation, with a large number of DEGs observed at the onset (1 d vs. -15 d) and at the end of lactation (240 d vs. 180 d). Bioinformatics analysis revealed a major role of genes associated with BTA3, BTA4, BTA6, BTA9, BTA14, and BTA28 in lactation. Functional analysis of DEG underlined an overall induction of lipid metabolism, suggesting an increase in triglycerides synthesis, likely regulated by PPAR signaling. The same analysis revealed an induction of amino acid metabolism and secretion of protein, with a concomitant decrease in proteasome, indicating a major role of amino acid handling and reduced protein degradation in the synthesis and secretion of milk proteins. Glycan biosynthesis was induced for both N-glycan and O-glycan, suggesting increased glycan content in the milk. The cell cycle and immune response, especially antigen processing and presentation, were strongly inhibited during lactation, suggesting that morphological changes are minimized during lactation, while the mammary gland prevents immune hyper-response. Transcripts associated with response to radiation and low oxygen were enriched in the down-regulated DEG affected by the stage of lactation. Except for this last finding, the functions affected by the transcriptomic adaptation to lactation in mammary tissue of yak are very similar to those observed in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- College of Animal and Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yili Liu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mingfeng Jiang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang Q, Li N, Lyv Y, Yu S, Zhou J. Engineering caveolin-mediated endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1056-1063. [PMID: 35845314 PMCID: PMC9263866 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential substitute for fatty acids, common low-cost oils could be used to produce acetyl-CoA derivatives, which meet the needs of low-cost industrial production. However, oils are hydrophobic macromolecules and cannot be directly transported into cells. In this study, caveolin was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to absorb exogenous oils. The expression of caveolin fused with green fluorescent protein showed that caveolin mediated the formation of microvesicles in S. cerevisiae and the addition of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein showed that caveolae had the ability to transport exogenous substances into cells. The intracellular and extracellular triacylglycerol levels were then detected after the addition of soybean oil pre-stained with Nile Red, which proved that caveolae had the ability to absorb the exogenous oils. Lastly, caveolin for oils absorption and lipase from Bacillus pumilus for oil hydrolysis were co-expressed in the naringenin-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, resulting in naringenin production increasing from 222 mg/g DCW (dry cell weight) (231 mg/L) to 269 mg/g DCW (241 mg/L). These results suggested that the caveolin-mediated transporter independent oil transport system would provide a promising strategy for the transport of hydrophobic substrates.
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Reeves AR, Sansbury BE, Pan M, Han X, Spite M, Greenberg AS. Myeloid-Specific Deficiency of Long-Chain Acyl CoA Synthetase 4 Reduces Inflammation by Remodeling Phospholipids and Reducing Production of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2744-2753. [PMID: 34725110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In response to infection or tissue damage, resident peritoneal macrophages (rpMACs) produce inflammatory lipid mediators from the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), arachidonic acid (AA). Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) catalyzes the covalent addition of a CoA moiety to fatty acids, with a strong preference for AA and other PUFAs containing three or more double bonds. PUFA-CoA can be incorporated into phospholipids, which is the source of PUFA for lipid mediator synthesis. In this study, we demonstrated that deficiency of Acsl4 in mouse rpMACs resulted in a significant reduction of AA incorporated into all phospholipid classes and a reciprocal increase in incorporation of oleic acid and linoleic acid. After stimulation with opsonized zymosan (opZym), a diverse array of AA-derived lipid mediators, including leukotrienes, PGs, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and lipoxins, were produced and were significantly reduced in Acsl4-deficient rpMACs. The Acsl4-deficient rpMACs stimulated with opZym also demonstrated an acute reduction in mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines, Il6, Ccl2, Nos2, and Ccl5 When Acsl4-deficient rpMACs were incubated in vitro with the TLR4 agonist, LPS, the levels of leukotriene B4 and PGE2 were also significantly decreased. In LPS-induced peritonitis, mice with myeloid-specific Acsl4 deficiency had a significant reduction in leukotriene B4 and PGE2 levels in peritoneal exudates, which was coupled with reduced infiltration of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity as compared with wild-type mice. Our data demonstrate that chronic deficiency of Acsl4 in rpMACs reduces the incorporation of AA into phospholipids, which reduces lipid mediator synthesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Reeves
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA;
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Pewan SB, Otto JR, Kinobe RT, Adegboye OA, Malau-Aduli AEO. Nutritional Enhancement of Health Beneficial Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Muscle, Liver, Kidney, and Heart of Tattykeel Australian White MARGRA Lambs Fed Pellets Fortified with Omega-3 Oil in a Feedlot System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090912. [PMID: 34571789 PMCID: PMC8465306 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The problem addressed in this research was the possibility of enhancing the nutritional value and health beneficial omega-3 long-chain fatty acid content of lamb and its edible components. The aims and objectives were to evaluate the omega-3 contents of muscle, liver, kidney, and heart of lot-fed Tattykeel Australian White lambs of the MARGRA brand, in response to dietary supplementation with or without omega-3 oil fortified pellets. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of omega-3 oil in feedlot diets of lambs enhances the human health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of edible muscle tissue and organs without compromising meat quality or shelf life. These results are valuable to society because of increased functionality, health benefits, micro-marbling, tender, mouth-melting taste, and high-end eating quality experience of MARGRA lamb tissues and organs. Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional enhancement of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) composition of edible lamb Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle, heart, kidney, and liver in response to dietary supplementation of lot-fed lambs with or without omega-3 oil fortified pellets. The hypothesis tested was that fortifying feedlot pellets with omega-3 oil will enhance the human health beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA composition of edible lamb muscle tissue and organs. Seventy-five Tattykeel Australian White lambs exclusive to the MARGRA brand, with an average body weight of 30 kg at six months of age, were randomly assigned to the following three dietary treatments of 25 lambs each, and lot-fed as a cohort for 47 days in a completely randomized experimental design: (1) Control grain pellets without oil plus hay; (2) Omega-3 oil fortified grain pellets plus hay; and (3) Commercial whole grain pellets plus hay. All lambs had ad libitum access to the basal hay diet and water. Post-slaughter fatty acid composition of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle, liver, kidney, and heart were determined using thee gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry technique. Results indicated significant variations (p < 0.05) in fatty acid profiles between tissues and organs. Omega-3 oil fortified pellets significantly (p < 0.05) increased ≥C20 n-3 LC-PUFA (C20:5n-3 eicosapentaenoate, EPA + C22:5n3 docosapentaenoate, DPA + C22:6n3 docosahexanoate DHA); C18:3n-3 alpha-linolenate, ALA; C18:2 conjugated linoleic acid, CLA; total monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA; polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA contents; and reduced the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in all lamb organs and tissues without impacting shelf-life. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of omega-3 oil in feedlot diets of lambs enhances the human health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of edible muscle tissue and organs without compromising meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedrach Benjamin Pewan
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Private Mail Bag 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John Roger Otto
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Oyelola Abdulwasiu Adegboye
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-747-815-339
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Levy E, Beaulieu JF, Spahis S. From Congenital Disorders of Fat Malabsorption to Understanding Intra-Enterocyte Mechanisms Behind Chylomicron Assembly and Secretion. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629222. [PMID: 33584351 PMCID: PMC7873531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, a large body of information on the events responsible for intestinal fat digestion and absorption has been accumulated. In particular, many groups have extensively focused on the absorptive phase in order to highlight the critical "players" and the main mechanisms orchestrating the assembly and secretion of chylomicrons (CM) as essential vehicles of alimentary lipids. The major aim of this article is to review understanding derived from basic science and clinical conditions associated with impaired packaging and export of CM. We have particularly insisted on inborn metabolic pathways in humans as well as on genetically modified animal models (recapitulating pathological features). The ultimate goal of this approach is that "experiments of nature" and in vivo model strategy collectively allow gaining novel mechanistic insight and filling the gap between the underlying genetic defect and the apparent clinical phenotype. Thus, uncovering the cause of disease contributes not only to understanding normal physiologic pathway, but also to capturing disorder onset, progression, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Chornyi S, IJlst L, van Roermund CWT, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR. Peroxisomal Metabolite and Cofactor Transport in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:613892. [PMID: 33505966 PMCID: PMC7829553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in many metabolic pathways and essential for human health. They harbor a large number of enzymes involved in the different pathways, thus requiring transport of substrates, products and cofactors involved across the peroxisomal membrane. Although much progress has been made in understanding the permeability properties of peroxisomes, there are still important gaps in our knowledge about the peroxisomal transport of metabolites and cofactors. In this review, we discuss the different modes of transport of metabolites and essential cofactors, including CoA, NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, ATP, heme, pyridoxal phosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate across the peroxisomal membrane. This transport can be mediated by non-selective pore-forming proteins, selective transport proteins, membrane contact sites between organelles, and co-import of cofactors with proteins. We also discuss modes of transport mediated by shuttle systems described for NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH. We mainly focus on current knowledge on human peroxisomal metabolite and cofactor transport, but also include knowledge from studies in plants, yeast, fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice, which has been exemplary in understanding peroxisomal transport mechanisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Chornyi
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Xue K, Lv S, Zhu C. Bringing naturally-occurring saturated fatty acids into biomedical research. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6973-6987. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review introduces naturally-occurring saturated fatty acids (NSFAs) and their biomedical applications, including controlled drug release, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, antibacterial treatment, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Al-Thihli K, Afting C, Al-Hashmi N, Mohammed M, Sliwinski S, Al Shibli N, Al-Said K, Al-Kasbi G, Al-Kharusi K, Merle U, Füllekrug J, Al-Maawali A. Deficiency of acyl-CoA synthetase 5 is associated with a severe and treatable failure to thrive of neonatal onset. Clin Genet 2020; 99:376-383. [PMID: 33191500 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Failure to thrive (FTT) causes significant morbidity, often without clear etiologies. Six individuals of a large consanguineous family presented in the neonatal period with recurrent vomiting and diarrhea, leading to severe FTT. Standard diagnostic work up did not ascertain an etiology. Autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing identified homozygosity for a novel genetic variant of the long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) shared among the affected individuals (NM_203379.1:c.1358C>A:p.(Thr453Lys)). Autosomal recessive genotype-phenotype segregation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Functional in vitro analysis of the ACSL5 variant by immunofluorescence, western blotting and enzyme assay suggested that Thr453Lys is a loss-of-function mutation without any remaining activity. ACSL5 belongs to an essential enzyme family required for lipid metabolism and is known to contribute the major activity in the mouse intestine. Based on the function of ACSL5 in intestinal long chain fatty acid metabolism and the gastroenterological symptoms, affected individuals were treated with total parenteral nutrition or medium-chain triglyceride-based formula restricted in long-chain triglycerides. The patients responded well and follow up suggests that treatment is only required during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Thihli
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Cassian Afting
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Al-Hashmi
- Department of Pediatrics and National Genetic Center, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics and National Genetic Center, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Svenja Sliwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naema Al Shibli
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khoula Al-Said
- Department of Pediatrics and National Genetic Center, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ghalia Al-Kasbi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalsa Al-Kharusi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Füllekrug
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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12
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Fernandez RF, Ellis JM. Acyl-CoA synthetases as regulators of brain phospholipid acyl-chain diversity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 161:102175. [PMID: 33031993 PMCID: PMC8693597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Each individual cell-type is defined by its distinct morphology, phenotype, molecular and lipidomic profile. The importance of maintaining cell-specific lipidomic profiles is exemplified by the numerous diseases, disorders, and dysfunctional outcomes that occur as a direct result of altered lipidome. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating cellular lipidome diversity play a role in maintaining essential biological functions. The brain is an organ particularly rich in phospholipids, the main constituents of cellular membranes. The phospholipid acyl-chain profile of membranes in the brain is rather diverse due in part to the high degree of cellular heterogeneity. These membranes and the acyl-chain composition of their phospholipids are highly regulated, but the mechanisms that confer this tight regulation are incompletely understood. A family of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) stands at a pinnacle step allowing influence over cellular acyl-chain selection and subsequent metabolic flux. ACSs perform the initial reaction for cellular fatty acid metabolism by ligating a Coenzyme A to a fatty acid which both traps a fatty acid within a cell and activates it for metabolism. The ACS family of enzymes is large and diverse consisting of 25-26 family members that are nonredundant, each with unique distribution across and within cell types, and differential fatty acid substrate preferences. Thus, ACSs confer a critical intracellular fatty acid selecting step in a cell-type dependent manner providing acyl-CoA moieties that serve as essential precursors for phospholipid synthesis and remodeling, and therefore serve as a key regulator of cellular membrane acyl-chain compositional diversity. Here we will discuss how the contribution of individual ACSs towards brain lipid metabolism has only just begun to be elucidated and discuss the possibilities for how ACSs may differentially regulate brain lipidomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States.
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13
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Qiu J, Huo D, Xia Y. Phase-Change Materials for Controlled Release and Related Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000660. [PMID: 32383215 PMCID: PMC7473464 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a novel class of thermo-responsive materials for controlled release, where the payloads encapsulated in a solid matrix are released only upon melting the PCM to trigger a solid-to-liquid phase transition. Herein, the advances over the past 10 years in utilizing PCMs as a versatile platform for the encapsulation and release of various types of therapeutic agents and biological effectors are highlighted. A brief introduction to PCMs in the context of desired properties for controlled release and related applications is provided. Among the various types of PCMs, a specific focus is placed on fatty acids and fatty alcohols for their natural availability, low toxicity, biodegradability, diversity, high abundance, and low cost. Then, various methods capable of processing PCMs, and their mixtures with payloads, into stable suspensions of colloidal particles, and the different means for triggering the solid-to-liquid phase transition are discussed. Finally, a range of applications enabled by the controlled release system based on PCMs are presented together with some perspectives on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Da Huo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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14
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Abstract
Caveolae are small plasma membrane invaginations that are particularly abundant in adipocytes. Caveolae are implicated in lipid uptake, but the exact mechanism is not clear. Here, we characterized the physiological function of EHD2, a protein that is found at the neck of caveolae. We established a link between higher caveolar mobility induced by EHD2 loss and increased cellular fatty acid uptake. Concurrently, lipid droplets were enlarged in various tissues of EHD2-lacking mice. Our data suggest that EHD2 controls a cell-autonomous, caveolae-dependent fatty acid uptake pathway. Notably, obese patients express only low levels of EHD2, implicating a role of EHD2-controlled caveolar dynamics in obesity. Eps15-homology domain containing protein 2 (EHD2) is a dynamin-related ATPase located at the neck of caveolae, but its physiological function has remained unclear. Here, we found that global genetic ablation of EHD2 in mice leads to increased lipid droplet size in fat tissue. This organismic phenotype was paralleled at the cellular level by increased fatty acid uptake via a caveolae- and CD36-dependent pathway that also involves dynamin. Concomitantly, elevated numbers of detached caveolae were found in brown and white adipose tissue lacking EHD2, and increased caveolar mobility in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. EHD2 expression itself was down-regulated in the visceral fat of two obese mouse models and obese patients. Our data suggest that EHD2 controls a cell-autonomous, caveolae-dependent fatty acid uptake pathway and imply that low EHD2 expression levels are linked to obesity.
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15
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Song S, Jiang M, Zhou J, Zhao F, Hou X, Lin Y. Nutrigenomic Role of Acetate and β-Hydroxybutyrate in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:389-397. [PMID: 31905020 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) are the predominant substrates for de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis in mammary gland of dairy cow. To investigate the nutrigenomic role of acetate and BHBA in bovine mammary epithelial cells during milk fat production, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between acetate- and BHBA-treated cells (high-milk fat cells) and control cells. A total of 625 DEGs (358 upregulated and 267 downregulated) were identified between the high-milk fat cells and control cells. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes in high-milk fat cells were mainly involved in lipid biosynthetic process, steroid biosynthetic process, oxidation-reduction process, receptor binding, and vesicle and small molecule biosynthetic process. The downregulated genes were mainly associated with immune response, cytokine production, negative regulation of biological process, and peptidyl-threonine modification. Pathway analysis indicated that FA metabolism and steroid biosynthesis were significantly enriched for the upregulated genes in the high-milk fat cells, while apoptosis was enriched for the downregulated genes. This work provides a profile of gene expression changes that occur during acetate- and BHBA-induced milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells, which furthers our understanding of the molecular regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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16
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Li T, Li X, Meng H, Chen L, Meng F. ACSL1 affects Triglyceride Levels through the PPARγ Pathway. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:720-727. [PMID: 32218693 PMCID: PMC7085263 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical cohort studies, high expression of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases 1 (ACSL1 gene) in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been utilized as molecular markers of myocardial infarction diagnosis. The plasma triglyceride level of AMI patients is significantly higher than that of healthy individuals. We hypothesized that the high expression of ACSL1 increases the level of triglyceride, which is one of the pathogenesis of AMI promoted by ACSL1. In this report, cell culture based methods were adopted to test the hypothesis and further investigate the effect and mechanism of ACSL1 on lipid metabolism. In this study, liver cells of healthy individuals were cultured, the overexpression and the knockdown vectors of ACSL1 were constructed and transfected into liver cells. The transfection was verified at the mRNA and protein level. Intracellular triglyceride content was quantitatively analyzed using ELISA. Changes of genes related to lipid metabolism were subsequently measured through PCR array. Overexpression of ACSL1 led to higher gene expression and protein levels compared to control and the triglyceride content was significantly increased in overexpressing cells. The expression level of fatty acid oxidation pathway PPARγ was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group, as were genes associated with fatty acid synthesis pathways: SREBP1, ACC, FAS, and SCD1. ACSL1 knockdown decreased the content of triglyceride whereas PPARγ was up-regulated and SREBP1, ACC, FAS, and SCD1 were down-regulated compared with the control group. In summary, high expression of ACSL1 reduced fatty acid β-oxidation through the PPARγ pathway, thereby increasing triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Heyu Meng
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Department of Cardiology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130033
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17
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González-Fernández MJ, Fabrikov D, Ramos-Bueno RP, Guil-Guerrero JL, Ortea I. SWATH Differential Abundance Proteomics and Cellular Assays Show In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Arachidonic Acid- and Docosahexaenoic Acid-Based Monoacylglycerols in HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2984. [PMID: 31817645 PMCID: PMC6950369 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and mortal types of cancer. There is increasing evidence that some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exercise specific inhibitory actions on cancer cells through different mechanisms, as a previous study on CRC cells demonstrated for two very long-chain PUFA. These were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n6) in the free fatty acid (FFA) form. In this work, similar design and technology have been used to investigate the actions of both DHA and ARA as monoacylglycerol (MAG) molecules, and results have been compared with those obtained using the corresponding FFA. Cell assays revealed that ARA- and DHA-MAG exercised dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative actions, with DHA-MAG acting on cancer cells more efficiently than ARA-MAG. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) - mass spectrometry massive quantitative proteomics, validated by parallel reaction monitoring and followed by pathway analysis, revealed that DHA-MAG had a massive effect in the proteasome complex, while the ARA-MAG main effect was related to DNA replication. Prostaglandin synthesis also resulted as inhibited by DHA-MAG. Results clearly demonstrated the ability of both ARA- and DHA-MAG to induce cell death in colon cancer cells, which suggests a direct relationship between chemical structure and antitumoral actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José González-Fernández
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - Dmitri Fabrikov
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - Rebeca P. Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - José Luis Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - Ignacio Ortea
- Proteomics Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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18
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Lv Y, Cao Y, Gao Y, Yun J, Yu Y, Zhang L, Hu Z, Liu L, Xue J, Zhang G. Effect of ACSL3 Expression Levels on Preadipocyte Differentiation in Chinese Red Steppe Cattle. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:945-954. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Jinyan Yun
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Zhongchang Hu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Genetics and Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture, Changchun, China
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19
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Mohammadian T, Nasirpour M, Tabandeh MR, Heidary AA, Ghanei-Motlagh R, Hosseini SS. Administrations of autochthonous probiotics altered juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss health status, growth performance and resistance to Lactococcus garvieae, an experimental infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:269-279. [PMID: 30468893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was tested how Oncorhynchus mykiss can respond to dietary supplementations of autochthonous probiotics, including Lactobacillus delbrukei subsp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus and Citrobacter farmeri by measuring different parameters. To address that, 300 fish weighing 19.08-32.9 g were fed by probiotics-enriched diets, containing 5 × 107 CFU g-1 for 60 days. Our results indicated that probiotics, especially L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus are involved in enhancing the growth performance of this species as compared with the control group. Blood profile (Hemoglobin and Hematocrit) showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in probiotic fed groups compared with the control. Serum lysozyme and complement activities were higher in probiotic-fed fish while similar changes were not observed in the case of bactericidal activity and Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. Better colonization of lactic acid bacteria in fish intestine was observed following L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus administrations (P < 0.001). Digestive enzyme activities of intestine, including amylase, trypsin, lipase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated either significant or insignificant while protease activity did not act the same. All probiotic treatments led to mild or strong (P < 0.001) up-regulation of cytokine and growth gene expressions of intestine in comparison with the control group. Higher in vitro antagonist activities of L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus against the Lactococcus garvieae were coincident with in vivo challenge test. The relative percentage of survival (RPS) was obtained 63.71 and 51.56 for L. bulgaricus and L. acidophilus, respectively, which were higher in those treated fish as compared to control fish. Our results may suggest that the probiotics, applied here, can promote growth performance by improving digestive enzyme activity, gut micro flora and growth gene expression. Up-regulation of immune regulatory proteins may increase the non-specific immune responses and bacterial resistance in this species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takavar Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Nasirpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Heidary
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei-Motlagh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Samad Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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20
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Zhu Y, Liu G, Du X, Shi Z, Jin M, Sha X, Li X, Wang Z, Li X. Expression patterns of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism in cows with subclinical or clinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1725-1735. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Wang J, Hao JW, Wang X, Guo H, Sun HH, Lai XY, Liu LY, Zhu M, Wang HY, Li YF, Yu LY, Xie C, Wang HR, Mo W, Zhou HM, Chen S, Liang G, Zhao TJ. DHHC4 and DHHC5 Facilitate Fatty Acid Uptake by Palmitoylating and Targeting CD36 to the Plasma Membrane. Cell Rep 2019; 26:209-221.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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22
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Vurgun E, Diker İY, Çoban N, Geyik F, Güven G, Erginel Ünaltuna N. ACSL4 gen polimorfizminin (rs7886473) metabolik sendrom ve lipid düzeyleri üzerine etkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.407589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Wendt MMN, de Oliveira MC, Franco-Salla GB, Castro LS, Parizotto ÂV, Souza Silva FM, Natali MRM, Bersani-Amado CA, Bracht A, Comar JF. Fatty acids uptake and oxidation are increased in the liver of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:696-707. [PMID: 30593897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe rheumatoid cachexia is associated with pronounced loss of muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis. This condition is associated with dyslipidemia and predisposition to cardiovascular diseases. Circulating levels of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) have not yet been consistently defined in severe arthritis. Similarly, the metabolism of these lipids in the arthritic liver has not yet been clarified. Aiming at filling these gaps this study presents a characterization of the circulating lipid profile and of the fatty acids uptake and metabolism in perfused livers of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. The levels of TG and total cholesterol were reduced in both serum (10-20%) and liver (20-35%) of arthritic rats. The levels of circulating FFA were 40% higher in arthritic rats, possibly in consequence of cytokine-induced adipose tissue lipolysis. Hepatic uptake and oxidation of palmitic and oleic acids was higher in arthritic livers. The phenomenon results possibly from a more oxidized state of the arthritic liver. Indeed, NADPH/NADP+ and NADH/NAD+ ratios were 30% lower in arthritic livers, which additionally presented higher activities of the citric acid cycle driven by both endogenous and exogenous FFA. The lower levels of circulating and hepatic TG possibly are caused by an increased oxidation associated to a reduced synthesis of fatty acids in arthritic livers. These results reveal that the lipid hepatic metabolism in arthritic rats presents a strong catabolic tendency, a condition that should contribute to the marked cachexia described for arthritic rats and possibly for the severe rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria R M Natali
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir F Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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24
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Ferain A, Bonnineau C, Neefs I, De Saeyer N, Lemaire B, Cornet V, Larondelle Y, De Schamphelaere KAC, Debier C, Rees JF. Exploring the interactions between polyunsaturated fatty acids and cadmium in rainbow trout liver cells: a genetic and proteomic study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 205:100-113. [PMID: 30352337 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have key biological roles in fish cells. We recently showed that the phospholipid composition of rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1 cell line) modulates their tolerance to an acute cadmium (Cd) challenge. Here, we investigated (i) the extent to which PUFAs and Cd impact fatty acid homeostasis and metabolism in these cells and (ii) possible mechanisms by which specific PUFAs may confer cytoprotection against Cd. First, RTL-W1 cells were cultivated for one week in growth media spiked with 50 μmol L-1 of either alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) or arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) in order to modulate their fatty acid profile. Then, the cells were challenged with Cd (0, 50 or 100 μmol L-1) for 24 h prior to assaying viability, fatty acid profile, intracellular Cd content, proteomic landscape and expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, synthesis of PUFA-derived signalling molecules and stress response. We observed that the fatty acid supply and, to a lesser extent, the exposure to Cd influenced cellular fatty acid homeostasis and metabolism. The cellular fatty acid composition of fish liver cells modulated their tolerance to an acute Cd challenge. Enrichments in ALA, EPA, and, to a lesser extent, AA conferred cytoprotection while enrichment in LA had no impact on cell viability. The present study ruled out the possibility that cytoprotection reflects a decreased Cd burden. Our results rather suggest that the PUFA-derived cytoprotection against Cd occurs through a reduction of the oxidative stress induced by Cd and a differential induction of the eicosanoid cascade, with a possible role of peroxiredoxin and glutaredoxin (antioxidant enzymes) as well as cytosolic phospholipase A2 (enzyme initiating the eicosanoid cascade).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferain
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Chloé Bonnineau
- Irstea, UR RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5, 69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ineke Neefs
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Saeyer
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Lemaire
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Rees
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Bousseau S, Vergori L, Soleti R, Lenaers G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Glycosylation as new pharmacological strategies for diseases associated with excessive angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:92-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gao F, Yang XF, Fu N, Hu Y, Ouyang Y, Qing K. Roles of Long-chain Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase in Absorption and Transport of Fatty Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:62-64. [PMID: 28031091 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(16)30025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACSL) is a member of the synthetase family encoded by a multigene family; it plays an important role in the absorption and transport of fatty acid. Here we review the roles of ACSL in the regulating absorption and transport of fatty acid, as well as the connection between ACSL and some metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai Qing
- Department of Nephrology,Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Shi HB, Du Y, Zhang CH, Sun C, He YL, Wu YH, Liu JX, Luo J, Loor JJ. Fatty acid elongase 5 (ELOVL5) alters the synthesis of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in goat mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4586-4594. [PMID: 29454701 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased production of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (LCUFA) can have a positive effect on the nutritional value of ruminant milk for human consumption. In nonruminant species, fatty acid elongase 5 (ELOVL5) is a key enzyme for endogenous synthesis of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. However, whether ELOVL5 protein plays a role (if any) in ruminant mammary tissue remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed the mRNA abundance of ELOVL5 at 3 stages of lactation in goat mammary tissue. Results revealed that ELOVL5 had the lowest expression at peak lactation compared with the nonlactating and late-lactating periods. The ELOVL5 was overexpressed or knocked down to assess its role in goat mammary epithelial cells. Results revealed that ELOVL5 overexpression increased the expression of perilipin2 (PLIN2) and decreased diacylglycerolacyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) mRNA, but had no effect on the expression of DGAT1, FADS1, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). Overexpression of ELOVL5 decreased the concentration of C16:1n-7, whereas no significant change in C18:1n-7 and C18:1n-9 was observed. Knockdown of ELOVL5 decreased the expression of PLIN2 but had no effect on DGAT1, DGAT2, FADS1, FADS2, and SCD1 mRNA expression. Knockdown of ELOVL5 increased the concentration of C16:1n-7 and decreased that of C18:1n-7. The alterations of expression of genes related to lipid metabolism after overexpression or knockdown of ELOVL5 suggested a negative feedback regulation by the products of ELOVL5 activation. However, the content of triacylglycerol was not altered by knockdown or overexpression of ELOVL5 in goat mammary epithelial cells, which might have been due to the insufficient availability of substrate in vitro. Collectively, these are the first in vitro results highlighting an important role of ELOVL5 in the elongation of 16-carbon to 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids in ruminant mammary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Y Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - C H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - C Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Y L He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Y H Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - J X Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - J Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Brain docosahexaenoic acid uptake and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:109-134. [PMID: 29305120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain where it serves to regulate several important processes and, in addition, serves as a precursor to bioactive mediators. Given that the capacity of the brain to synthesize DHA locally is appreciably low, the uptake of DHA from circulating lipid pools is essential to maintaining homeostatic levels. Although, several plasma pools have been proposed to supply the brain with DHA, recent evidence suggests non-esterified-DHA and lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA are the primary sources. The uptake of DHA into the brain appears to be regulated by a number of complementary pathways associated with the activation and metabolism of DHA, and may provide mechanisms for enrichment of DHA within the brain. Following entry into the brain, DHA is esterified into and recycled amongst membrane phospholipids contributing the distribution of DHA in brain phospholipids. During neurotransmission and following brain injury, DHA is released from membrane phospholipids and converted to bioactive mediators which regulate signaling pathways important to synaptogenesis, cell survival, and neuroinflammation, and may be relevant to treating neurological diseases. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of brain DHA metabolism, encompassing many of the pathways and key enzymatic regulators governing brain DHA uptake and metabolism. In addition, we focus on the release of non-esterified DHA and subsequent production of bioactive mediators and the evidence of their proposed activity within the brain. We also provide a brief review of the evidence from post-mortem brain analyses investigating DHA levels in the context of neurological disease and mood disorder, highlighting the current disparities within the field.
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Killion EA, Reeves AR, El Azzouny MA, Yan QW, Surujon D, Griffin JD, Bowman TA, Wang C, Matthan NR, Klett EL, Kong D, Newman JW, Han X, Lee MJ, Coleman RA, Greenberg AS. A role for long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (ACSL4) in diet-induced phospholipid remodeling and obesity-associated adipocyte dysfunction. Mol Metab 2018; 9:43-56. [PMID: 29398618 PMCID: PMC5870107 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is central to adipocyte dysfunction during diet-induced obesity (DIO). Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (ACSL4) has been hypothesized to modulate the metabolic fates of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), including arachidonic acid (AA), but the in vivo actions of ACSL4 are unknown. The purpose of our studies was to determine the in vivo role of adipocyte ACSL4 in regulating obesity-associated adipocyte dysfunction. Methods We developed a novel mouse model with adipocyte-specific ablation of ACSL4 (Ad-KO) using loxP Cre recombinase technology. Metabolic phenotyping of Ad-KO mice relative to their floxed littermates (ACSL4floxed) was performed, including body weight and body composition over time; insulin and glucose tolerance tests; and energy expenditure, activity, and food intake in metabolic cages. Adipocytes were isolated for ex vivo adipocyte oxygen consumption by Clark electrode and lipidomics analysis. In vitro adipocyte analysis including oxygen consumption by Seahorse and real-time PCR analysis were performed to confirm our in vivo findings. Results Ad-KO mice were protected against DIO, adipocyte death, and metabolic dysfunction. Adipocytes from Ad-KO mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) had reduced incorporation of AA into phospholipids (PL), free AA, and levels of the AA lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Additionally, adipocytes from Ad-KO mice fed HFD had reduced p53 activation and increased adipocyte oxygen consumption (OCR), which we demonstrated are direct effects of 4-HNE on adipocytes in vitro. Conclusion These studies are the first to elucidate ACSL4's in vivo actions to regulate the incorporation of AA into PL and downstream effects on DIO-associated adipocyte dysfunction. By reducing the incorporation of AA into PL and free fatty acid pools in adipocytes, Ad-KO mice were significantly protected against HFD-induced increases in adipose and liver fat accumulation, adipocyte death, gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, deficiency of adipocyte ACSL4 expression in mice fed a HFD resulted in increased gWAT adipocyte OCR and whole body energy expenditure (EE). ACSL4 expression is upregulated in murine white adipocytes during diet-induced obesity. Mice with adipocyte-specific ablation of ACSL4 (Ad-KO) are protected against diet-induced obesity, adipocyte death and metabolic dysfunction. Lipidomics profiling of isolated adipocytes from Ad-KO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) had reduced arachidonic acid (AA) in phospholipids. Adipocytes from Ad-KO mice fed HFD had reduced free AA and levels of the AA lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Adipocytes from Ad-KO mice fed HFD had reduced p53 activation and increased adipocyte oxygen consumption (OCR). P53 activation and inhibited adipocyte OCR are direct effects of 4-HNE on adipocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Killion
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States; Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Andrew R Reeves
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Mahmoud A El Azzouny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Qing-Wu Yan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Defne Surujon
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - John D Griffin
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States; Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Thomas A Bowman
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Presbyterian Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States; Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Eric L Klett
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Dong Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts Medical School, Programs of Neuroscience and of Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - John W Newman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Presbyterian Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States; Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
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Shi HB, Zhang CH, Xu ZA, Lou GG, Liu JX, Luo J, Loor JJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta regulates lipid droplet formation and transport in goat mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2641-2649. [PMID: 29331469 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Even though recent evidence in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) suggest a role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) in regulating lipid homeostasis, its role is not fully understood. Our hypothesis was that PPARD regulates lipid transport processes in GMEC and, thus, plays a crucial role in regulating fat formation. The PPARD was overexpressed using an adenovirus system (Ad-PPARD) with recombinant green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP) as the control. Results revealed that overexpression of PPARD markedly upregulated the mRNA abundance of PPARD. Compared with the control (Ad-GFP+dimethyl sulfoxide), overexpression of PPARD alone had no effect on mRNA expression of CD36, SCD1, FABP4, ACSL1, and ADRP. The cultures overexpressing PPARD with the PPARD ligand GW0742 (GW) upregulated the expression of CD36, FABP3, FABP4, ACSL1, and ADRP. Overexpression of PPARD in GMEC plus GW increased the concentration of 16:1 and 18:1-trans and was associated with upregulation of SCD1. Compared with the control (Ad-GFP+dimethyl sulfoxide), the decrease of triacylglycerol concentration coupled with upregulation of genes related to lipid droplet secretion (e.g., ADRP and ACSL1) induced by PPARD overexpression suggests a role in lipid droplet (LD) secretion. Luciferase assay revealed that GW increased the ADRP promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of PPARD impaired the increase of ADRP promoter activity induced by GW, whereas GW enhanced the activity of ADRP promoter in GMEC overexpressing PPARD. Data with the ADRP 5'-flanking truncated luciferase reporter suggest a core region (-1,444 to -990 bp) response element for the induction of GW. This core region contains a known PPARG response element (PPRE) at -1,003 to -990 bp. When the PPRE was mutated, the overexpression of PPARD had no effect on ADRP promoter activity. Collectively, these results reveal a novel role for PPARD in lipid homeostasis via promoting fatty acid transport and LD formation through a mechanism of direct binding to the promoter of key genes. Hence, PPARD activity may contribute to fatty acid transport and LD formation during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - C H Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Z A Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - G G Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - J X Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - J Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China.
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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31
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Eelen G, de Zeeuw P, Treps L, Harjes U, Wong BW, Carmeliet P. Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:3-58. [PMID: 29167330 PMCID: PMC5866357 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Harjes
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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Tian P, Luo Y, Li X, Tian J, Tao S, Hua C, Geng Y, Ni Y, Zhao R. Negative effects of long-term feeding of high-grain diets to lactating goats on milk fat production and composition by regulating gene expression and DNA methylation in the mammary gland. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:74. [PMID: 29026537 PMCID: PMC5623059 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that feeding a high concentrate (HC) diet to lactating ruminants likely induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat production. However, the effects of feeding a HC diet for long periods on milk fatty acids composition and the mechanism behind the decline of milk fat still remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of feeding a HC diet to lactating dairy goats on milk fat yield and fatty acids composition with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the milk fat depression. Seventeen mid-lactating dairy goats were randomly allocated to three groups. The control treatment was fed a low-concentrate diet (35% concentrate, n = 5, LC) and there were two high-concentrate treatments (65% concentrate, HC), one fed a high concentrate diet for a long period (19 wks, n = 7, HL); one fed a high concentrate diet for a short period of time (4 wk, n = 5, HS). Milk fat production and fatty acids profiles were measured. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the changes in milk fat production and composition, the gene expression involved in lipid metabolism and DNA methylation in the mammary gland were also analyzed. Results Milk production was increased by feeding the HC diet in the HS and HL groups compared with the LC diet (P < 0.01), while the percentage of milk fat was lower in the HL (P < 0.05) but not in the HS group. The total amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the milk was not changed by feeding the HC diet, whereas the levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were markedly decreased in the HL group compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). Among these fatty acids, the concentrations of C15:0 (P < 0.01), C17:0 (P < 0.01), C17:1 (P < 0.01), C18:1n-9c (P < 0.05), C18:3n-3r (P < 0.01) and C20:0 (P < 0.01) were markedly lower in the HL group, and the concentrations of C20:0 (P < 0.05) and C18:3n-3r (P < 0.01) were lower in the HS group compared with the LC group. However, the concentrations of C18:2n-6c (P < 0.05) and C20:4n-6 (P < 0.05) in the milk fat were higher in the HS group. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of the genes involved in milk fat production in the mammary gland was generally decreased in the HL and HS groups compared with the LC group. Among these genes, ACSL1, ACSS1 & 2, ACACA, FAS, SCD, FADS2, and SREBP1 were down-regulated in the mammary gland of the HL group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ACSS2, ACACA, and FADS2 mRNA were markedly decreased in the HS goats compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). In contrast to the gene expression, the level of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the ACACA and SCD genes was increased in the HL group compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). The levels of ACSL1 protein expression and FAS enzyme activity were also decreased in the mammary gland of the HL compared with the LC group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Long-term feeding of a HC diet to lactating goats induced milk fat depression and FAs profile shift with lower MUFAs but higher SFAs. A general down-regulation of the gene expression involved in the milk fat production and a higher DNA methylation in the mammary gland may contribute to the decrease in milk fat production in goats fed a HC diet for long time periods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0204-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shannxi China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Lin Y, Duan X, Lv H, Xing W, Li Q, Gao X, Hou X. The effects of cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like effector C (CIDEC) on milk lipid synthesis in mammary glands of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4014-4024. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Harjes U, Bridges E, Gharpure KM, Roxanis I, Sheldon H, Miranda F, Mangala LS, Pradeep S, Lopez-Berestein G, Ahmed A, Fielding B, Sood AK, Harris AL. Antiangiogenic and tumour inhibitory effects of downregulating tumour endothelial FABP4. Oncogene 2017; 36:912-921. [PMID: 27568980 PMCID: PMC5318662 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a fatty acid chaperone, which is induced during adipocyte differentiation. Previously we have shown that FABP4 in endothelial cells is induced by the NOTCH1 signalling pathway, the latter of which is involved in mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic tumour therapy. Here, we investigated the role of FABP4 in endothelial fatty acid metabolism and tumour angiogenesis. We analysed the effect of transient FABP4 knockdown in human umbilical vein endothelial cells on fatty acid metabolism, viability and angiogenesis. Through therapeutic delivery of siRNA targeting mouse FABP4, we investigated the effect of endothelial FABP4 knockdown on tumour growth and blood vessel formation. In vitro, siRNA-mediated FABP4 knockdown in endothelial cells led to a marked increase of endothelial fatty acid oxidation, an increase of reactive oxygen species and decreased angiogenesis. In vivo, we found that increased NOTCH1 signalling in tumour xenografts led to increased expression of endothelial FABP4 that decreased when NOTCH1 and VEGFA inhibitors were used in combination. Angiogenesis, growth and metastasis in ovarian tumour xenografts were markedly inhibited by therapeutic siRNA delivery targeting mouse endothelial FABP4. Therapeutic targeting of endothelial FABP4 by siRNA in vivo has antiangiogenic and antitumour effects with minimal toxicity and should be investigated further.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/blood supply
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/prevention & control
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Ovarian Neoplasms/blood supply
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- U Harjes
- Hypoxia and Growth Factor Group, WIMM, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Bridges
- Hypoxia and Growth Factor Group, WIMM, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K M Gharpure
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - I Roxanis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - H Sheldon
- Hypoxia and Growth Factor Group, WIMM, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F Miranda
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, WIMM, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Pradeep
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - G Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, WIMM, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A L Harris
- Hypoxia and Growth Factor Group, WIMM, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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35
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Kalsbeek MJT, Mulder L, Yi CX. Microglia energy metabolism in metabolic disorder. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 438:27-35. [PMID: 27687525 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS, and are in charge of maintaining a healthy microenvironment to ensure neuronal survival. Microglia carry out a non-stop patrol of the CNS, make contact with neurons and look for abnormalities, all of which requires a vast amount of energy. This non-signaling energy demand increases after activation by pathogens, neuronal damage or other kinds of stimulation. Of the three major energy substrates - glucose, fatty acids and glutamine - glucose is crucial for microglia survival and several glucose transporters are expressed to supply sufficient glucose influx. Fatty acids are another source of energy for microglia and have also been shown to strongly influence microglial immune activity. Glutamine, although possibly suitable for use as an energy substrate by microglia, has been shown to have neurotoxic effects when overloaded. Microglial fuel metabolism might be associated with microglial reactivity under different pathophysiological conditions and a microglial fuel switch may thus be the underlying cause of hypothalamic dysregulation, which is associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J T Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laurie Mulder
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Joffre C, Grégoire S, De Smedt V, Acar N, Bretillon L, Nadjar A, Layé S. Modulation of brain PUFA content in different experimental models of mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:1-10. [PMID: 27926457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relative amounts of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) govern the different functions of the brain. Their brain levels depend on structures considered, on fatty acid dietary supply and the age of animals. To have a better overview of the different models available in the literature we here compared the brain fatty acid composition in various mice models (C57BL/6J, CD1, Fat-1, SAMP8 mice) fed with different n-3 PUFA diets (deficient, balanced, enriched) in adults and aged animals. Our results demonstrated that brain AA and DHA content is 1) structure-dependent; 2) strain-specific; 3) differently affected by dietary approaches when compared to genetic model of PUFA modulation; 4) different in n-3 PUFA deficient aged C57BL6/J when compared to SAMP8 mouse model of aging. From these experiments, we highlight the difficulty to compare results obtained in different mouse models, different strains, different brain regions and different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Véronique De Smedt
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Abstract
AbstractResearch points to postprandial glucose and TAG measures as preferable assessments of cardiovascular risk as compared with fasting values. Although elevated postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic responses are thought to substantially increase chronic disease risk, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia have historically only been considered separately. However, carbohydrates and fats can generally ‘compete’ for clearance from the stomach, small intestine, bloodstream and within the peripheral cell. Further, there are previous data demonstrating that the addition of carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts the postprandial lipaemic response, and the addition of fat to a high-carbohydrate meal blunts the postprandial glycaemic response. Thus, postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia are interrelated. The purpose of this brief review is 2-fold: first, to review the current evidence implicating postprandial glycaemia and lipaemia in chronic disease risk, and, second, to examine the possible utility of a single postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic summative value, which will be referred to as the metabolic load index. The potential benefits of the metabolic load index extend to the clinician, patient and researcher.
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38
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Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Reveals the Role of PPAR γ Controlling the Lipid Metabolism in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:9195680. [PMID: 27818678 PMCID: PMC5081438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9195680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the large-scale effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC), an oligonucleotide microarray platform was used for transcriptome profiling in cells overexpressing PPARG and incubated with or without rosiglitazone (ROSI, a PPARγ agonist). A total of 1143 differentially expressed genes (DEG) due to treatment were detected. The Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) analysis uncovered the most impacted and induced pathways “fatty acid elongation in mitochondria,” “glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-keratan sulfate,” and “pentose phosphate pathway.” The data highlights the central role of PPARG in milk fatty acid metabolism via controlling fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, lipid formation, and lipid secretion; furthermore, its role related to carbohydrate metabolism promotes the production of intermediates required for milk fat synthesis. Analysis of upstream regulators indicated that PPARG participates in multiple physiological processes via controlling or cross talking with other key transcription factors such as PPARD and NR1H3 (also known as liver-X-receptor-α). This transcriptome-wide analysis represents the first attempt to better understand the biological relevance of PPARG expression in ruminant mammary cells. Overall, the data underscored the importance of PPARG in mammary lipid metabolism and transcription factor control.
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39
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The role of CD36 in the regulation of myocardial lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1450-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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The effect of APOE genotype on the delivery of DHA to cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:25. [PMID: 27358067 PMCID: PMC4928349 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) levels are predictors for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The results of several studies indicate an interaction between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) consumption and cognitive outcomes by APOE genotype. Our objective in the present study was to examine whether APOE ɛ4 genotype and low CSF Aβ42 levels were associated with reduced delivery of DHA to CSF in the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-sponsored DHA clinical trial. Methods Phospholipid DHA was assayed in the plasma of 384 participants and CSF of 70 participants at baseline. Forty-four of the 70 participants completed the 18-month follow-up visit after allocation to placebo (n = 15) or DHA (n = 29). Plasma and CSF DHA levels, CSF Aβ42, Tau, and phosphorylated Tau were measured at baseline and after the 18-month intervention. Participants were divided into tertiles based on baseline Aβ42 CSF levels. To assess DHA delivery across the blood-brain barrier, the ratio of CSF to plasma DHA levels was calculated. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences between CSF or plasma phospholipid DHA levels by CSF Aβ42 tertiles or ɛ4 status. After 18 months of DHA supplementation, participants at the lowest Aβ42 tertile had significantly lower CSF DHA levels (p = 0.01) and lower CSF-to-plasma DHA ratios (p = 0.05) compared to the other tertiles. Baseline CSF Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in ɛ4 carriers than in ɛ4 noncarriers (p = 0.01). Participants carrying the ɛ4 allele (n = 25) demonstrated a less pronounced increase in CSF DHA level compared with noncarriers (n = 4), with a possible interaction effect between treatment and APOE genotype (p = 0.07). Conclusions APOE ɛ4 allele and lower CSF Aβ42 levels were associated with less transport of DHA to CSF. Brain amyloid pathology may limit the delivery of DHA to the brain in AD. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00440050. Registered on 22 Feb 2007.
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Pascual F, Coleman RA. Fuel availability and fate in cardiac metabolism: A tale of two substrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1425-33. [PMID: 26993579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart's extraordinary metabolic flexibility allows it to adapt to normal changes in physiology in order to preserve its function. Alterations in the metabolic profile of the heart have also been attributed to pathological conditions such as ischemia and hypertrophy; however, research during the past decade has established that cardiac metabolic adaptations can precede the onset of pathologies. It is therefore critical to understand how changes in cardiac substrate availability and use trigger events that ultimately result in heart dysfunction. This review examines the mechanisms by which the heart obtains fuels from the circulation or from mobilization of intracellular stores. We next describe experimental models that exhibit either an increase in glucose use or a decrease in FA oxidation, and how these aberrant conditions affect cardiac metabolism and function. Finally, we highlight the importance of alternative, relatively under-investigated strategies for the treatment of heart failure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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42
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Lian S, Guo JR, Nan XM, Ma L, Loor JJ, Bu DP. MicroRNA Bta-miR-181a regulates the biosynthesis of bovine milk fat by targeting ACSL1. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3916-3924. [PMID: 26971144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small noncoding RNA that function as important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. The acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) is an important enzyme in the process of milk lipid synthesis. In a previous study dealing with incubations of stearic acid in bovine mammary epithelial cells, an opposite expression pattern was observed between ACSL1 and miR-181a. Bioinformatics analysis with TargetScan and PicTar revealed ACSL1 as a potential target gene of miR-181a. The objective of this work was to determine the potential function of miR-181a on milk fat synthesis by defining the regulatory relationship between miR-181a and ACSL1. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells were harvested from mid-lactation cows and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F-12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.5μg/mL of insulin, 10 ng/mL of epidermal growth factor, 5μg/mL of transferrin, 1μg/mL of hydrocortisone, 1μg/mL of progesterone, 5μg/mL of estradiol, and 5μg/mL of prolactin. Cells were transfected with an miR-181a mimic to increase its expression and an miR-181a inhibitor to decrease its expression before culturing for 48 h. The results revealed that the overexpression of miR-181a inhibited the expression of ACSL1, whereas the downregulation of miR-181a increased ACSL1 expression. Western blot analysis of ACSL1 revealed similar effects. Oil-red-O staining indicated that cellular lipid droplet synthesis was decreased with the overexpression of bta-miR-181a, and treatment with the bta-miR-181a inhibitor increased concentration of lipid droplets. Furthermore, overexpression of bta-miR-181a resulted in a decrease in concentration of triacylglycerol in the cells, whereas inhibition of bta-miR-181a increased concentration of triacylglycerol. Therefore, the results indicated that bta-miR-181a may contribute to negative regulation of lipid synthesis in mammary cells via targeting ACSL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lian
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - J R Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - X M Nan
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - L Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - D P Bu
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Harbin, 150030, China.
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43
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Harjes U, Kalucka J, Carmeliet P. Targeting fatty acid metabolism in cancer and endothelial cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 97:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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44
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Cooper DE, Young PA, Klett EL, Coleman RA. Physiological Consequences of Compartmentalized Acyl-CoA Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20023-31. [PMID: 26124277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.663260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the complex physiological demands of mammalian life requires strict control of the metabolism of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs because of the multiplicity of their cellular functions. Acyl-CoAs are substrates for energy production; stored within lipid droplets as triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, and retinol esters; esterified to form membrane phospholipids; or used to activate transcriptional and signaling pathways. Indirect evidence suggests that acyl-CoAs do not wander freely within cells, but instead, are channeled into specific pathways. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for acyl-CoA compartmentalization, highlight the key modes of acyl-CoA regulation, and diagram potential mechanisms for controlling acyl-CoA partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric L Klett
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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45
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:771-85. [PMID: 25387473 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 892] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain is highly enriched with fatty acids. These include the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are largely esterified to the phospholipid cell membrane. Once PUFAs are released from the membrane, they can participate in signal transduction, either directly or after enzymatic conversion to a variety of bioactive derivatives ('mediators'). PUFAs and their mediators regulate several processes within the brain, such as neurotransmission, cell survival and neuroinflammation, and thereby mood and cognition. PUFA levels and the signalling pathways that they regulate are altered in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and major depression. Diet and drugs targeting PUFAs may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of brain disorders.
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46
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Levy E. Insights from human congenital disorders of intestinal lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:945-62. [PMID: 25387865 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine must challenge the profuse daily flux of dietary fat that serves as a vital source of energy and as an essential component of cell membranes. The fat absorption process takes place in a series of orderly and interrelated steps, including the uptake and translocation of lipolytic products from the brush border membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid esterification, Apo synthesis, and ultimately the packaging of lipid and Apo components into chylomicrons (CMs). Deciphering inherited disorders of intracellular CM elaboration afforded new insight into the key functions of crucial intracellular proteins, such as Apo B, microsomal TG transfer protein, and Sar1b GTPase, the defects of which lead to hypobetalipoproteinemia, abetalipoproteinemia, and CM retention disease, respectively. These "experiments of nature" are characterized by fat malabsorption, steatorrhea, failure to thrive, low plasma levels of TGs and cholesterol, and deficiency of liposoluble vitamins and essential FAs. After summarizing and discussing the functions and regulation of these proteins for reader's comprehension, the current review focuses on their specific roles in malabsorptions and dyslipidemia-related intestinal fat hyperabsorption while dissecting the spectrum of clinical manifestations and managements. The influence of newly discovered proteins (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and angiopoietin-like 3 protein) on fat absorption has also been provided. Finally, it is stressed how the overexpression or polymorphism status of the critical intracellular proteins promotes dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
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47
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Yen CLE, Nelson DW, Yen MI. Intestinal triacylglycerol synthesis in fat absorption and systemic energy metabolism. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:489-501. [PMID: 25231105 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r052902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine plays a prominent role in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (triglyceride; TAG). Digested dietary TAG is repackaged in the intestine to form the hydrophobic core of chylomicrons, which deliver metabolic fuels, essential fatty acids, and other lipid-soluble nutrients to the peripheral tissues. By controlling the flux of dietary fat into the circulation, intestinal TAG synthesis can greatly impact systemic metabolism. Genes encoding many of the enzymes involved in TAG synthesis have been identified. Among TAG synthesis enzymes, acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1 are highly expressed in the intestine. Their physiological functions have been examined in the context of whole organisms using genetically engineered mice and, in the case of DGAT1, specific inhibitors. An emerging theme from recent findings is that limiting the rate of TAG synthesis in the intestine can modulate gut hormone secretion, lipid metabolism, and systemic energy balance. The underlying mechanisms and their implications for humans are yet to be explored. Pharmacological inhibition of TAG hydrolysis in the intestinal lumen has been employed to combat obesity and associated disorders with modest efficacy and unwanted side effects. The therapeutic potential of inhibiting specific enzymes involved in intestinal TAG synthesis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Liang Eric Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
| | - David W Nelson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Mei-I Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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48
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Küch EM, Vellaramkalayil R, Zhang I, Lehnen D, Brügger B, Sreemmel W, Ehehalt R, Poppelreuther M, Füllekrug J. Differentially localized acyl-CoA synthetase 4 isoenzymes mediate the metabolic channeling of fatty acids towards phosphatidylinositol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:227-39. [PMID: 24201376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) has been implicated in carcinogenesis and neuronal development. Acyl-CoA synthetases are essential enzymes of lipid metabolism, and ACSL4 is distinguished by its preference for arachidonic acid. Two human ACSL4 isoforms arising from differential splicing were analyzed by ectopic expression in COS cells. We found that the ACSL4_v1 variant localized to the inner side of the plasma membrane including microvilli, and was also present in the cytosol. ACSL4_v2 contains an additional N-terminal hydrophobic region; this isoform was located at the endoplasmic reticulum and on lipid droplets. A third isoform was designed de novo by appending a mitochondrial targeting signal. All three ACSL4 variants showed the same specific enzyme activity. Overexpression of the isoenzymes increased cellular uptake of arachidonate to the same degree, indicating that the metabolic trapping of fatty acids is independent of the subcellular localization. Remarkably, phospholipid metabolism was changed by ACSL4 expression. Labeling with arachidonate showed that the amount of newly synthesized phosphatidylinositol was increased by all three ACSL4 isoenzymes but not by ACSL1. This was dependent on the expression level and the localization of the ACSL4 isoform. We conclude that in our model system exogenous fatty acids are channeled preferentially towards phosphatidylinositol by ACSL4 overexpression. The differential localization of the endogenous isoenzymes may provide compartment specific precursors of this anionic phospholipid important for many signaling processes.
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49
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Guitart M, Osorio-Conles Ó, Pentinat T, Cebrià J, García-Villoria J, Sala D, Sebastián D, Zorzano A, Ribes A, Jiménez-Chillarón JC, García-Martínez C, Gómez-Foix AM. Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) localizes in mitochondria in mouse skeletal muscle and regulates lipid and ketone body disposal. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98109. [PMID: 24858472 PMCID: PMC4032244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FATP1 mediates skeletal muscle cell fatty acid import, yet its intracellular localization and metabolic control role are not completely defined. Here, we examine FATP1 localization and metabolic effects of its overexpression in mouse skeletal muscle. The FATP1 protein was detected in mitochondrial and plasma membrane fractions, obtained by differential centrifugation, of mouse gastrocnemius muscle. FATP1 was most abundant in purified mitochondria, and in the outer membrane and soluble intermembrane, but not in the inner membrane plus matrix, enriched subfractions of purified mitochondria. Immunogold electron microscopy localized FATP1-GFP in mitochondria of transfected C2C12 myotubes. FATP1 was overexpressed in gastrocnemius mouse muscle, by adenovirus-mediated delivery of the gene into hindlimb muscles of newborn mice, fed after weaning a chow or high-fat diet. Compared to GFP delivery, FATP1 did not alter body weight, serum fed glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels, and whole-body glucose tolerance, in either diet. However, fatty acid levels were lower and β-hydroxybutyrate levels were higher in FATP1- than GFP-mice, irrespective of diet. Moreover, intramuscular triglyceride content was lower in FATP1- versus GFP-mice regardless of diet, and β-hydroxybutyrate content was unchanged in high-fat-fed mice. Electroporation-mediated FATP1 overexpression enhanced palmitate oxidation to CO2, but not to acid-soluble intermediate metabolites, while CO2 production from β-hydroxybutyrate was inhibited and that from glucose unchanged, in isolated mouse gastrocnemius strips. In summary, FATP1 was localized in mitochondria, in the outer membrane and intermembrane parts, of mouse skeletal muscle, what may be crucial for its metabolic effects. Overexpressed FATP1 enhanced disposal of both systemic fatty acids and intramuscular triglycerides. Consistently, it did not contribute to the high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. However, FATP1 lead to hyperketonemia, likely secondary to the sparing of ketone body oxidation by the enhanced oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guitart
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la UB, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la UB, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Thais Pentinat
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Cebrià
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Endocrinology, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit García-Villoria
- Sección de Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo (IBC), Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínico, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - David Sala
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Sección de Errores Congénitos del Metabolismo (IBC), Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínico, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Celia García-Martínez
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, UB, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M. Gómez-Foix
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la UB, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Pepino MY, Kuda O, Samovski D, Abumrad NA. Structure-function of CD36 and importance of fatty acid signal transduction in fat metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2014; 34:281-303. [PMID: 24850384 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) is a scavenger receptor that functions in high-affinity tissue uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and contributes under excessive fat supply to lipid accumulation and metabolic dysfunction. This review describes recent evidence regarding the CD36 FA binding site and a potential mechanism for FA transfer. It also presents the view that CD36 and FA signaling coordinate fat utilization, a view that is based on newly identified CD36 actions that involve oral fat perception, intestinal fat absorption, secretion of the peptides cholecystokinin and secretin, regulation of hepatic lipoprotein output, activation of beta oxidation by muscle, and regulation of the production of the FA-derived bioactive eicosanoids. Thus abnormalities of fat metabolism and the associated pathology might involve dysfunction of CD36-mediated signal transduction in addition to the changes in FA uptake.
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