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Yüce I, Oflaz Çapar A, Çetinaslan V, Deniz K, Vural A, Çağlı S, Doğan S, Gündoğ M. The Depth of Invasion and Level IV Cervical Node Metastasis in Patients with Clinically N0 Tongue Cancer. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:41. [PMID: 38727801 PMCID: PMC11087439 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate indication for level IV dissection is crucial for preventing complications such as phrenic nerve damage and chylous fistulas in clinically N0 tongue cancer. Although the depth of invasion is an established independent risk factor for occult lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer, its relationship with level IV metastasis has not been evaluated. This study investigated the relationship between the depth of invasion and level IV nodal metastasis in clinically N0 tongue cancer. METHODS We retrospectively investigated clinical N0 patients who underwent glossectomy and level I-IV neck dissection. We examined lymph node metastasis, risk factors, and the relationship between depth of invasion and metastasis. RESULTS Our study included 58 patients, and no patient had isolated level IV metastasis. Additionally, there was no level IV metastasis in well-differentiated tumors. Tumor size, depth of invasion, differentiation, and perineural invasion were significantly associated with level IV neck metastasis. We found a critical tumor size of 2.5 cm and depth of invasion of 8 mm for level IV neck metastasis. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we recommend that level IV dissection should be considered for poorly differentiated tumors, tumors greater than 2.5 cm in size, and those deeper than 8 mm. This study highlights the importance of depth of invasion as a prognostic factor for predicting level IV metastasis and suggests that our findings can be used to prevent unnecessary level IV dissections that may lead to complications in tongue cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imdat Yüce
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Oflaz Çapar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Veli Çetinaslan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicana Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Deniz
- Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alperen Vural
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedat Çağlı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Doğan
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mete Gündoğ
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Hernández-Morales A, González-López BS, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Bermeo-Escalona JR, Velázquez-Enríquez U, Islas-Zarazúa R, Márquez-Rodríguez S, Sosa-Velasco TA, Medina-Solís CE, Maupomé G. Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Associated with Smoking and Chewing Tobacco Use and the Human Development Index in 172 Countries Worldwide: An Ecological Study 2019-2020. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081063. [PMID: 37107897 PMCID: PMC10137392 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is associated with diseases worldwide, including cancer. This is one of the major public health problems globally, causing more than 19 million new cases in 2020. Lip and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) is neoplastic growth in the tongue, gums, and lips. The objective of this ecological study was to quantify the strength of the association between incidence and mortality of LOCC, with tobacco use and with the Human Development Index (HDI). Incidence and mortality data on LOCC were obtained for 172 countries in 2020, from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). The prevalence of tobacco smoking and chewing was obtained from reports conducted in 2019. The inequality in human development was estimated using the HDI from the United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report (2019). Statistically significant correlations were observed between the incidence of LOCC and tobacco smoking and chewing prevalence, except for negative correlations between the prevalence of tobacco smoking LOCC mortality in women, just as in the case of the HDI. No statistically significant differences were found between the prevalence of tobacco chewing only and the incidence of LOCC overall and by sex. A higher LOCC incidence overall and by sex was associated with higher HDI. In conclusion, the present study found positive correlations for various HDI socioeconomic indicators and tobacco use with the incidence and mortality of LOCC, but also a few inverse correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernández-Morales
- Doctoral Program in Health Sciences, School of Behavioral Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Blanca Silvia González-López
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | | | - Ulises Velázquez-Enríquez
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
| | - Rosalina Islas-Zarazúa
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico
| | - Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico
| | | | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Le Naour J, Sztupinszki Z, Carbonnier V, Casiraghi O, Marty V, Galluzzi L, Szallasi Z, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. A loss-of-function polymorphism in ATG16L1 compromises therapeutic outcome in head and neck carcinoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2059878. [PMID: 35481288 PMCID: PMC9037530 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2059878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer immune response is shaped by immunogenic cell stress and death pathways. Thus, cancer cells can release danger-associated molecular patterns that act on pattern recognition receptors expressed by dendritic cells and their precursors to elicit an antitumor immune response. Here, we investigated the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes affecting this cancer-immunity dialogue in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We observed that homozygosity for a loss-of-function SNP (rs2241880, leading to the substitution of a threonine residue in position 300 by an alanine) affecting autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) is coupled to poor progression-free survival in platinum-treated HNSCC patients. This result was obtained on a cohort of patients enrolled at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and was validated on an independent cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Homozygosity in rs2241880 is well known to predispose to Crohn’s disease, and epidemiological associations between Crohn’s disease and HNSCC have been reported at the levels of cancer incidence and prognosis. We speculate that rs2241880 might be partially responsible for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Naour
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Odile Casiraghi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical and Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Experimental and Translational Pathology Platform (PETRA), AMMICa Inserm US23/UMS CNRS3655, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEMAP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pôle de Biologie, Paris, France
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Zhang Z, Feng Q, Li M, Li Z, Xu Q, Pan X, Chen W. Age-Related Cancer-Associated Microbiota Potentially Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Cancer Tumorigenesis by Distinct Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:852566. [PMID: 35495663 PMCID: PMC9051480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.852566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) incidence in young patients has increased since the end of the last century; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Oral microbiota dysbiosis was proven to be a tumorigenesis factor, and we propose that there is a distinct bacterial composition in young patients that facilitates the progression of OSCC. Twenty elderly (>60 years old) and 20 young (<50 years old) subjects were included in this study. OSCC tissue was collected during surgery, sent for 16S rDNA sequencing and analyzed by the QIIME 2 pipeline. The results showed that Ralstonia, Prevotella, and Ochrobactrum were significantly enriched in younger OSCC tissue microbiota, while Pedobacter was more abundant in elderly OSCC tissues. Fusobacterium had high relative abundance in both cohorts. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the dominant taxon in all samples. The functional study showed that there were significant differences in the taxa abundance from metabolic and signaling pathways. The results indicated that the microbiota of younger OSCC tissues differed from that of elderly OSCC tissues by both taxon composition and function, which partially explains the distinct roles of bacteria during tumorigenesis in these two cohorts. These findings provide insights into different mechanisms of the microbiota-cancer relationship with regard to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wantao Chen,
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Kwon M, Lee DK, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY, Lee YS. Clinicopathological characteristics of young never smoker females with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A STROBE compliant retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23871. [PMID: 33592842 PMCID: PMC7870205 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of oral cavity cancer (OCC) in young never smoker females is increasing worldwide, there has been little research on the etiologies and characteristics of these patients to date. In this study, we sought to evaluate the annual increase in OCC incidence in young never smoker females (YNSF) in our hospital as well as to investigate their clinicopathological characteristics and different disease courses compared with those of other OCC patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed and treated at our tertiary referral hospital from 2006 to 2016. The annual incidence of OCC and proportion of YNSF (never smoker females aged 45 years or younger at the time of diagnosis) among the enrolled OCC patients were evaluated. The characteristics and prognosis of the YNSF group were analyzed using their clinicopathological and survival data. Among the OCC patients primarily enrolled in this study, the proportion of YNSF did not show significant annual increase. There were 32 YNSF among 354 OCC patients (9%), who were ultimately included for the analyses of clinicopathological characteristics and survival. However, YNSF showed no significant differences compared with other OCC patients, even in subgroup analyses for overall survival. Our study did not demonstrate significant changes in the annual proportion of YNSF among OCC patients. In addition, differences in neither clinicopathological characteristics nor survival were noted between YNSF and other OCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Yuhl Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Se Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Young age is not a predictor of disease specific survival in oral cancer: A multi-institutional study. Oral Oncol 2021; 115:105162. [PMID: 33548861 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last few decades evidence has accumulated for increasing incidence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a younger cohort. Prior studies examining the effect of age at diagnosis on prognosis have produced conflicting data. METHODS A multi-institutional cohort study was performed across 6 different sites in Australia, Canada, India and Singapore. Disease-free (DFS), overall (OS) and disease-specific (DSS) survival were analysed. The association of the number of adverse features with survival outcomes was investigated. RESULTS From 3179 patients, age was a significant predictor of OS with patients older than 45 years having a 66% increased risk of death (HR 1.66, 95%CI 1.33 - 2.07, p < 0.001). The number of adverse features was a significant predictor of OS with 3 or more adverse features having a 199% increased risk (HR 2.99, 95%CI 2.61-3.43. p < 0.001). The estimate effect was greater in patients ≤ 45 years (HR 3.49 vs HR 2.81). Age was not a significant predictor of DSS with similar rates of death from OSCC in multivariable models. The number of adverse features was a significant predictor of DFS with ≥ 3 adverse features having a 140% increased risk of death. The number of adverse features was a significant predictor of DSS with ≥ 3 adverse features having a 230% increased risk of disease specific death. CONCLUSIONS Age is not an independent predictor of disease specific mortality in OSCC. Differences in outcomes are due to the confounding effect of adverse clinicopathological features and the ability to tolerate surgery and adjuvant therapy.
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Kim S, Lee JW, Park YS. The Application of Next-Generation Sequencing to Define Factors Related to Oral Cancer and Discover Novel Biomarkers. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E228. [PMID: 33023080 PMCID: PMC7599837 DOI: 10.3390/life10100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of next-generation sequencing in the realm of DNA sequencing technology, it is not often used in the investigation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies in some parts of the world and has a high mortality rate. Patients with this malignancy are likely to have a poor prognosis and may suffer from severe facial deformity or mastication problems even after successful treatment. Therefore, a thorough understanding of this malignancy is essential to prevent and treat it. This review sought to highlight the contributions of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in unveiling the genetic alterations and differential expressions of miRNAs involved in OSCC progression. By applying an appropriate eligibility criterion, we selected relevant studies for review. Frequently identified mutations in genes such as TP53, NOTCH1, and PIK3CA are discussed. The findings of existing miRNAs (e.g., miR-21) as well as novel discoveries pertaining to OSCC are also covered. Lastly, we briefly mention the latest findings in targeted gene therapy and the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers. Our goal is to encourage researchers to further adopt NGS in their studies and give an overview of the latest findings of OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03968, Korea; (S.K.); (J.W.L.)
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Morais-Faria K, Palmier NR, de Lima Correia J, de Castro Júnior G, Dias RB, da Graça Pinto H, Lopes MA, Ribeiro ACP, Brandão TB, Santos-Silva AR. Young head and neck cancer patients are at increased risk of developing oral mucositis and trismus. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:4345-4352. [PMID: 31912359 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate cancer treatment-related toxicities in young head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 44 patients were included in the present retrospective cohort study, which was designed to access oral toxicities of cancer treatment in young (< 45 years of age, Group I, n = 22) and old (> 58 years of age, Group II, n = 22) HNC patients with similar tumor stage and treatment protocols. Oral mucositis (OM), xerostomia, dysphagia, dysgeusia, trismus, and radiodermatitis were assessed during days 7th, 21st, and 35th of head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) according to previously validated scales (World Health Organization criteria and the National Cancer Institute and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0). RESULTS Patients from both groups showed high incidence and severity of oral toxicities by the end of the HNRT with OM (81.9% (Group I); 63.6% (Group II)) and xerostomia (72.6% (Group I); 77.2% (Group II)) being the most prevalent toxicities. No differences regarding xerostomia, dysphagia, dysgeusia, and radiodermatitis incidences or severity could be observed between groups. However, higher incidences and severity of OM at 21st and 35th fractions (odds ratio = 2.22 and 5.71, respectively) and trismus at 21st and 35th fractions (odds ratio = 6.17 and 14.5, respectively) were observed throughout the treatment in young patients when compared to older patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Young HNC patients are more affected by cancer treatment-related OM and trismus despite the similarities in clinical staging and treatment protocols with elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Morais-Faria
- Dental Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP-FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Rangel Palmier
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, 901, Av. Limeira, Areão, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Lima Correia
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, 901, Av. Limeira, Areão, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro Júnior
- Clinical Oncology Service, São Paulo State Cancer Institute (ICESP), School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Brito Dias
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthesis and Traumatology, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, 901, Av. Limeira, Areão, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Bianca Brandão
- Dental Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP-FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Dental Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP-FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, 901, Av. Limeira, Areão, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Barnabé LÉG, Batista AC, Mendonça EFD, Nonaka CFW, Alves PM. Cell cycle markers and apoptotic proteins in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young and elderly patients. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e103. [PMID: 31778473 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoexpression of p16, p53, and Bax in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) in young and elderly patients is assessed based on clinical and morphological parameters. The sample consists of 60 OTSCC cases: 30 in young (age ≤ 45 years) and 30 in elderly (age ≥ 60 years) patients. Clinical (tumor size, regional node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical stage) and morphological (histological grade of malignancy) parameters were evaluated. Immunohistochemical quantitative analysis was performed using anti-p16, anti-p53, and anti-Bax antibodies. None of the evaluated proteins exhibited statistically significant differences between young and elderly patients (p>0.05). There was a significant association of p16 immunoexpression with clinical parameters in elderly patients. There were no associations of p53 and Bax with any of the clinico-morphological parameters. Correlations between p16 and Bax and between p53 and Bax immunoexpression were observed in young patients (r = 0.363; p = 0.048) and in elderly patients (r = 0.433; p = 0.017), respectively. In conclusion, the assessed proteins could not be used to determine differences in the biological behavior of OTSCC between young and elderly patients. Therefore, all proteins activated the pro-apoptotic pathway of OTSCC in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Éverton Galdino Barnabé
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Department of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Universidade Federal Goiás - UFG, Department of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pollianna Muniz Alves
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Department of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Borba Ribeiro KR, Lira Júnior C, Marinho SA, Carvalho SHG, Agripino GG, Sarmento DJDS. Epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma in northeast Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e12436. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oliver JR, Wu SP, Chang CM, Roden DF, Wang B, Hu KS, Schreiber D, Givi B. Survival of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young adults. Head Neck 2019; 41:2960-2968. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R. Oliver
- Department of Otolaryngology, NYU School of Medicine New York New York
| | - S. Peter Wu
- Department of Radiation OncologyNYU Langone Health New York New York
| | - Clifford M. Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, NYU School of Medicine New York New York
| | - Dylan F. Roden
- Department of OtolaryngologyThomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Binhuan Wang
- Department of Population HealthNYU Langone Health New York New York
| | - Kenneth S. Hu
- Department of Radiation OncologyNYU Langone Health New York New York
| | - David Schreiber
- Department of Radiation OncologySUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York
| | - Babak Givi
- Department of OtolaryngologyNYU Langone Health New York New York
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Paderno A, Morello R, Piazza C. Tongue carcinoma in young adults: a review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 38:175-180. [PMID: 29984792 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY A recent reduction in the number of smoke-related tumours has been observed thanks to the diffusion of anti-tobacco campaigns carried out in the majority of developed countries. Nevertheless, as demonstrated by recent global epidemiologic studies, squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue appears to be progressively increasing in incidence, particularly among young adults and especially in females. The driving mechanism responsible for such changes is still to be precisely defined. Several genetic studies have compared the mutational pattern of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young adults to that of more elderly patients, without identifying significant differences that may help in better characterising this subgroup of subjects. Tongue squamous cell carcinomas in young adults have been historically considered as particularly aggressive clinical entities, with a high risk of loco-regional relapse, survival rates inferior to those of the general head and neck cancer group and need for a more aggressive therapy. However, considering the most recent studies, prognostic results in this patient group are heterogeneous and it is not possible to confirm this tendency. Thus, it is not justified to embrace different therapeutic approaches according to patient age. Eventually, an additional element to consider when examining young subjects affected by tongue cancer is the possibility of genetic predisposition. Alterations affecting pathways involved in DNA repair, surveillance of genetic stability or regulation of cellular growth may determine an increased likelihood of developing head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paderno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - R Morello
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - C Piazza
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, University of Milan, Italy
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Mukdad L, Heineman TE, Alonso J, Badran KW, Kuan EC, St. John MA. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma survival as stratified by age and sex: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:2076-2081. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laith Mukdad
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Los Angeles California Los Angeles
| | - Thomas E. Heineman
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Los Angeles California Los Angeles
| | - Jose Alonso
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Los Angeles California Los Angeles
| | - Karam W. Badran
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Los Angeles California Los Angeles
| | - Edward C. Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, Irvine Medical Center Orange, California U.S.A
| | - Maie A. St. John
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Los Angeles California Los Angeles
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los Angeles California Los Angeles
- Head and Neck Cancer ProgramUniversity of California Los Angeles California Los Angeles
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, California
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Qin X, Yan M, Li R, Ye D, Zhang J, Xu Q, Feng Y, Sun Q, Jiang C, Chen W. Identification and characterization of a highly metastatic epithelial cancer cell line from rat tongue cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:58-67. [PMID: 30059808 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a clinically devastating disease. However, most established TSCC cell lines currently show undesirable malignant behaviours. The purpose of this study is to establish a highly metastatic TSCC cell line to serve as a useful tool for basic research. MATERIALS AND METHODS TSCCs were induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Tumor cells were obtained from the cancer tissues by primary culture and were then purified by an in vitro invasion assay and a limiting dilution assay. The growth rate, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic rate, tumorigenicity and distant metastatic phenotypes of the rat tongue cancer cells were fully investigated and characterized. RESULTS To date, the rat tongue cancer cell line, named Rca-T, has been continuously cultured in vitro for over 210 passages and exhibit a long spindle-shaped morphology, adherent growth, and a stable epithelial phenotype. The population doubling time of Rca-T cells is 23.35 h. Approximately 39.8% of these cells are in S phase, and the apoptosis rate of Rca-T cells is 7.46%. Furthermore, in immunodeficient nude mice, both the xenograft rate and the incidence of experimental lung metastasis are 100%. The in vitro assays further reveal the highly malignant and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like properties of Rca-T cells. CONCLUSION In this study, the tumorigenic and highly distant metastatic TSCC cell line Rca-T was established. The malignant features of this cell line, especially its metastatic potential, will enable a wealth of functional studies on the molecular mechanisms of TSCC metastasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Singh G, Rana AS, Kumar A, Prajapati A, Kumar S, Singh P. Nodal involvement in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) patients with and without Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis (OSMF): A Comparative Study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2017; 7:171-177. [PMID: 29123995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate neck node status of oral cancer patients with and without Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis (OSMF) treated surgically. Methodology A total of 50 patients of Indian origin who were diagnosed with Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of oral cavity and had not taken any prior treatment were included in the study. Clinical examination and metastatic workup was done for all patients. Patients diagnosed with resectable primary and without distant metastasis were taken up for surgery. For all patients, resected specimens were sent for radical histopathological examination. Result The differences in nodal involvement in T1, T2 & T3 sized lesions were non-significant, while in T4 sized lesions, a statistically significant lower incidence of nodal involvement in patients with-OSMF as compared to patients without OSMF was observed. Conclusion Presence of N0 neck in T4 lesions in oral SCC patients with OSMF has potential implications on the present pattern of spread and treatment protocols, leading to need for further research with OSMF as independent risk factor for nodal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College, Ghaziabad, 201302, India
| | - Amar Singh Rana
- Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College, Ghaziabad, 201302, India
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16
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Sundermann BV, Uhlmann L, Hoffmann J, Freier K, Thiele OC. The localization and risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity: A retrospective study of 1501 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 46:177-182. [PMID: 29242026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the tenth leading cause of cancer mortality. Ninety percent of tumours in the oral cavity are squamous cell carcinomas. Information about the exact localisation of OSCC is missing in the literature. In the present study, we retrospectively analysed a total of 1501 OSCC patients, who were treated between 1975 and 2009. The purpose of this study was to examine the localisation of OSCC tumours and to analyse the influence of various parameters on tumour localisation. 71.5% of these patients were male and 28.5% were female. The mean age was 60 years. The most common sites of OSCC occurrence were the floor of the mouth and the anterior base of the mouth. The hard palate was the most affected anatomical area of the maxilla. Descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square testing and a multivariate analysis using a multinomial logistical model showed a significant correlation of younger age and female gender with tumour occurrence in the maxilla and the tongue. We provide a very detailed anatomical mapping of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta V Sundermann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. J. Hoffmann, MD, DDS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Uhlmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Informatics (Head: Prof. M. Kieser MD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. J. Hoffmann, MD, DDS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kolja Freier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. J. Hoffmann, MD, DDS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver C Thiele
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. J. Hoffmann, MD, DDS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Park JW, Kim CH, Ha YC, Kim MY, Park SM. Count of platelet and mean platelet volume score: serologic prognostic factor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 43:305-311. [PMID: 29142864 PMCID: PMC5685859 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives TNM staging, especially for lymph node metastasis, is the scoring system most widely used among prognostic factors for cancer survival. Several biomarkers have been studied as serologic markers, but their specificity is low and clinical applications are difficult. This study aimed to establish a scoring system for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using platelet (PLT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels measured postoperatively and to evaluate their significance as prognostic factors. Materials and Methods We studied 40 patients admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dankook University Hospital who were diagnosed with primary OSCC histopathologically between May 2006 and May 2012. Clinical pathological information obtained from the medical records of each patient included age, sex, height, weight, tumor location, degree of differentiation, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and other test values including white blood cell, MPV, PLT, C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin obtained through a test conducted within 7 days before surgery. Count of platelet (COP)-MPV Score: Patients with both PLT and MPV values below the cut-off values were defined as score 0 (group A). Patients with at least one of the two higher than the cut-off value were defined as score 1 (group B). Results Univariate analyses showed N-metastasis, COP-MPV (A vs B), PLT, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and CRP were statistically significant prognostic factors. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed N-metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 6.227, P=0.016) and COP-MPV (A vs B) (HR 18.992, P=0.013) were independent prognostic factors with a significant effect on survival. Conclusion COP-MPV score is a simple and cost-effective test method and is considered a more effective prognostic factor than other considered factors in predicting the prognosis of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chul-Hwan Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Ha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Min Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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18
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Queenan JA, Gottlieb BH, Feldman-Stewart D, Hall SF, Irish J, Groome PA. Symptom appraisal, help seeking, and lay consultancy for symptoms of head and neck cancer. Psychooncology 2017; 27:286-294. [PMID: 28543939 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis is important in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients to maximize the effectiveness of the treatments and minimize the debilitation associated with both the cancer and the invasive treatments of advanced disease. Many patients present with advanced disease, and there is little understanding as to why. This study investigated patients' symptom appraisal, help seeking, and lay consultancy up to the time they first went to see a health care professional (HCP). METHODS We interviewed 83 patients diagnosed with HNC. The study design was cross sectional and consisted of structured telephone interviews and a medical chart review. We gathered information on the participant's personal reactions to their symptoms, characteristics of their social network, and the feedback they received. RESULTS We found that 18% of the participants thought that their symptoms were urgent enough to warrant further investigation. Participants rarely (6%) attributed their symptoms to cancer. Eighty-nine percent reported that they were unaware of the early warning signs and symptoms of HNC. Fifty-seven percent of the participants disclosed their symptoms to at least one lay consultant before seeking help from an HCP. The lay consultants were usually their spouse (77%), and the most common advice they offered was to see a doctor (76%). Lastly, 81% of the participants report that their spouse influenced their decision to see an HCP. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that patients frequently believe that their symptoms were nonurgent and that their lay consultants influence their decision to seek help from an HCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Queenan
- Cancer Research Institute at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - D Feldman-Stewart
- Cancer Research Institute at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - S F Hall
- Cancer Research Institute at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Irish
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P A Groome
- Cancer Research Institute at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Ahmed SQ, Junaid M, Awan S, Kazi M, Khan HU, Halim S. Frequency of Cervical Nodal Metastasis in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 22:136-140. [PMID: 29619101 PMCID: PMC5882373 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Oral cavity carcinoma is an aggressive tumor, with the tongue being one of the most common subsites of involvement. Surgery is a gold standard method of dealing with advanced-stage tumors. However, for early-stage carcinomas of the tongue, the management remains controversial. Several studies have indicated that early-stage cancers have a high chance of occult cervical node metastasis, which, if left untreated, can greatly affect the prognosis. Certain parameters can help identify patients with occult cervical node metastases, and can avoid unnecessary neck dissection in node negative patients. Tumor thickness is one such objective parameter.
Objective
To estimate the frequency of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage, node-negative (N
0
) squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.
Methods
In-patient hospital data was reviewed from January 2013 until March 2014, and 78 patients who underwent primary resection of the tumor and neck dissection for biopsy-proven, early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were included. Data such as tumor thickness, tumor differentiation and presence of occult nodal metastasis in the surgical specimen were gathered from the histopathology reports. The frequency of subclinical cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was estimated.
Results
A total of 69% of the patients with tumor thicknesses > 5 mm had tumor metastases in the neck nodes, while 100% of the patients with tumor thicknesses < 5 mm had no neck nodal metastasis.
Conclusion
A tumor thickness > 5 mm is significantly associated with subclinical metastasis, and prophylactic neck dissection is warranted in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Qadeer Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences for Girls, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Montasir Junaid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail Awan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Kazi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Hareem Usman Khan
- Department of Medicine, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Halim
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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20
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Reconstruction of the Maxillectomy Defect. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-016-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fan H, Yoon KY, Kim SM, Myoung H, Lee JH, Kim MJ. Relationship between squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and the position of dental prosthesis. J Adv Prosthodont 2015; 7:129-37. [PMID: 25932311 PMCID: PMC4414943 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has a relatively high incidence of all oral cancers. Some studies have reported a relationship between intraoral dental prosthesis and SCC of the tongue; however, this relationship remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SCC of the tongue and the positional aspects of dental prosthesis using a retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 439 patients with SCC of the tongue were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Patients were treated over a 12.5-year period ranging from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2013. Statistical analysis was performed to examine potential differences between the groups. RESULTS The number of patients with a crown and/or a bridge (134, 63.5%) was significantly different than the number of patients without a prosthesis (77, 36.5%). Even after accounting for different types of prostheses such as crowns, bridges, and dentures, no significant differences were observed between the position of the prosthesis and the location of the SCC of the tongue, with significance defined as a P-value less than .05 by the Pearson-Chi square test. CONCLUSION Patients with crowns and/or bridges exhibited more frequent SCC of the tongue compared with patients without these prosthesis. These data support the hypothesis that mechanical trauma and galvanic phenomena play a role in the etiology of SCC of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Reaserch Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yong Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Reaserch Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung-Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Reaserch Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Reaserch Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Reaserch Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Reaserch Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients twenty years of age or younger – Review and analysis of 186 reported cases. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in young adults: a review of the literature. Radiol Oncol 2014; 48:1-10. [PMID: 24587773 PMCID: PMC3908841 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2013-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease of middle-aged to elderly adults. However, an increased incidence of HNSCC in young people under 45 years of age has been reported recently. In the present review, we focused on the epidemiology and aetiology of HNSCC in adults under 45 years of age. METHODS We reviewed literature related to HNSCC in adult patients less than 45 years of age and discussed current treatment options and prognosis. RESULTS HNSCC in young adults is associated with a higher incidence rate in nonsmokers, lower female-to-male ratio, a higher percentage of oral cavity and oropharynx tumours, and fewer second primary tumours. However, aside from traditional risk factors of tobacco and alcohol exposure, the causes of these cancers in young adults remain unclear. Agents that might contribute to risk include infection with high-risk human papillomavirus subtypes as well as genetic factors or immunodeficiency status. The expected increase in incidence and mortality of the young with HNSCC may become a major public health concern if current trends persist, particularly lifestyle habits that may contribute to this disease. CONCLUSIONS Given the younger age and potential long-term adverse sequelae of traditional HNSCC treatments, young adults should be treated on a case-by-case basis and post-therapy quality of life must be considered in any treatment-decision making process.
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Mafi N, Kadivar M, Hosseini N, Ahmadi S, Zare-Mirzaie A. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iranian Patients and Risk Factors in Young Adults: a Fifteen-Year Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:3373-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Credé A, Locher M, Bredell M. Tongue cancer in young patients: case report of a 26-year-old patient. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2012; 4:20. [PMID: 22583815 PMCID: PMC3414792 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This article presents the case of a 26-year-old woman with tongue cancer. The median age at the diagnosis of the tongue’s cancer is 61 years. Only approximately 2% of patients are diagnosed before the age of 35. Case presentation Our patient survived acute myeloid leukemia (AML) before her second year. She had been having recurrent, poorly healing aphtae on the right side of the tongue for a period of months before the symptoms of the tongue cancer appeared. As a treatment a partial glossectomy was conducted on the right side and a neck dissection of levels I-III. Than a reconstruction of the tongue with a radialis free vascularised flap from left side was performed. Discussion It should be always looked for the causal factor in young patients with a neoplasm. There is strong evidence for second malignant neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Credé
- University Hospital Zurich, Plattenstrasse 15, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Lundqvist L, Stenlund H, Laurell G, Nylander K. The importance of stromal inflammation in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:379-83. [PMID: 22084865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histological risk assessment evaluating worst pattern of tumour invasion (WPOI), and lymphocytic response (LR), has previously been shown to be of prognostic significance in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). SCCHN is a heterogeneous group of tumours including tumours located in the oral cavity, of which the majority is located in the tongue. METHODS Haematoxylin/eosin-stained slides from diagnostic biopsies from 94 cases of SCC on the tongue were evaluated for WPOI and LR. Within the inflammatory infiltrate, the percentage of eosinophilic granulocytes was also estimated. Results were correlated with clinical data such as response to treatment and recurrence. RESULTS For WPOI the majority of patients, 84%, showed small invasive tumours islands with a size <15 cells (grade 4). No correlation with survival, response to treatment or recurrence was seen for WPOI. More than half of the patients showed a dense lymphocytic infiltrate, a factor that was significantly correlated with complete response to radio therapy. Of the patients with dense lymphoid infiltrate, the majority, 63%, did not either have a recurrence. No significant correlation with recurrence, response to treatment or any other factor was seen for presence of eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Data clearly showed that tongue tumours have a split invasive growth pattern and an intense inflammatory response at the tumour interface. Results also indicated that evaluation of the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate at the tumour interface in tongue SCC could provide information of potential importance for choice of treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Pfeiffer J, Wiech T, Maier W, Ridder GJ, Laszig R, Birkenhäger R. Head and neck cancer in young adults and nonsmokers: study of cancer susceptibility by genome-wide high-density SNP microarray mapping. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131:1091-8. [PMID: 21631177 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.590151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Our results raise the question as to whether specific patterns of 'germline loss of heterozygosity (LOH)' could contribute to the genetic susceptibility for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). OBJECTIVES HNSCC usually occurs in older individuals with a history of smoking. However, about 5% of HNSCC patients have never used tobacco or develop this disease at an exceptionally young age. Therefore, genetic susceptibility must contribute significantly to HNSCC risk. The objective was to introduce a novel approach that might help to unveil candidate genes contributing to cancer predisposition and to identify individuals at risk for HNSCC, and to present our observations with this method in a specific group of patients. METHODS High-resolution SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) microarray mapping for homozygous stretches in germline DNA was performed in 12 patients who appeared particularly susceptible to develop HNSCC, because they were exceptionally young or never users of tobacco. RESULTS We could identify strings of consecutive homozygous SNPs that were much longer than would be expected to appear by chance alone, indicating regions of DNA deletions that we named germline LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Pfeiffer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
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Cury NM, Russo A, Galbiatti ALS, Ruiz MT, Raposo LS, Maniglia JV, Pavarino EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1055-63. [PMID: 21590276 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes that encode P450 cytochrome enzymes may increase carcinogen activation or decrease their inactivation and consequently, promote the development of cancer. The aims of this study were to identify the MspI-CYP1A1, PstI-CYP2E1 and DraI-CYP2E1 polymorphisms in patients with head and neck cancer and to compare with individuals without cancer; to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms with risk factors and clinical histopathological parameters. In the study group, 313 patients were evaluated for CYP1A1, 217 for CYP2E1 (PstI) and 211 for CYP2E1 (DraI) and in the control group 417, 334 and 374 individuals, respectively. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR-RFLP technique, and chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. The result of analysis regarding individuals evaluated for CYP1A1 (MspI) showed that age (OR: 8.15; 95% CI 5.57-11.92) and smoking (OR: 5.37; 95% CI 3.52-8.21) were predictors for the disease; for the CYP2E1 (PstI and DraI), there were associations with age (PstI-OR: 9.10; 95% CI 5.86-14.14/DraI-OR: 8.07; 95% CI 5.12-12.72), smoking (PstI-OR: 4.10; 95% CI 2.44-6.89/DraI-OR: 5.73; 95% CI 3.34-9.82), alcohol (PstI-OR: 1.93; 95% CI 1.18-3.16/DraI-OR: 1.69; 95% CI 1.02-2.81), respectively, with disease development. CYP2E1 (PstI) was less frequent in patient group (OR: 0.48; 95% CI 0.23-0.98). Regarding clinical histopathological parameters, CYP1A1 polymorphism was less frequent in the larynx primary anatomic site (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.28-0.73; P = 0.014). In conclusion, we confirm that age, smoking and alcohol consumption are risk factors for this disease and the polymorphisms investigated have no association with the development of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Moreno Cury
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit-UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Bachar G, Hod R, Goldstein DP, Irish JC, Gullane PJ, Brown D, Gilbert RW, Hadar T, Feinmesser R, Shpitzer T. Outcome of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in patients with and without known risk factors. Oral Oncol 2010; 47:45-50. [PMID: 21167767 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking and high alcohol consumption are considered major risk factors of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. This study compared disease outcome between patients with and without known risk factors. METHODS Patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma treated at two major medical centers from 1994 to 2008 were identified by cancer registry search. The medical files were reviewed for background-and-disease-related data, risk factors, and outcome. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 291 patients: 175 had a history of heavy tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse and 116 did not. Comparison of the patients without risk factors between the two centers yielded no differences in background features. Men accounted for 74% of the total patients with risk factors and comprised 77% of the risk-factor group. The risk-factor group was characterized by a significantly higher mean tumor grade (p=0.0001) and greater tumor depth of invasion (p=0.022) than the non-risk-factor group. The 5-year local and regional control rates were 85.3% and 74%, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. The 5-year overall survival rate was 68% in the risk-factor group and 64% in the non-risk-factor group (p=NS). Separate analysis of patients aged <40 years at diagnosis revealed a worse overall (p=0.015) and disease-free survival (p=0.038) in those without risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of oral tongue carcinoma is similar in patients with and without risk factors. The worse prognosis in younger patients (<40 years) without risk factors suggests that the pathogenesis in these cases involves factors other than smoking and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bachar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqwa 49100, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Soudry E, Preis M, Hod R, Hamzany Y, Hadar T, Bahar G, Strenov Y, Shpitzer T. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in patients younger than 30 years: clinicopathologic features and outcome. Clin Otolaryngol 2010; 35:307-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Morris LGT, Patel SG, Shah JP, Ganly I. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in the pediatric age group: a matched-pair analysis of survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 136:697-701. [PMID: 20644066 DOI: 10.1001/archoto.2010.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of a pediatric cohort of patients compared with a matched cohort of adult patients, all diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue. Outcomes of oral cancer in pediatric patients have not been studied, to our knowledge. DESIGN Retrospective matched-pair cohort study. SETTING Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. PATIENTS A total of 10 pediatric and 40 adult patients diagnosed as having SCC of the oral tongue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS The 5-year OS was equivalent in the 2 groups: 70% in the pediatric group and 64% in the adult group (P = .97). The 5-year DSS was also equivalent: 80% in the pediatric group and 76% in the adult group (P = .90). The 5-year RFS was 70% in the pediatric group and 78% in the adult group (P = .54). CONCLUSIONS When pediatric and adult patients were matched for sex, tobacco use history, TNM status, surgical procedure, and adjuvant radiotherapy, outcomes for OS, DSS, and RFS were equivalent. Pediatric patients with SCC of the oral tongue should be treated similarly to adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc G T Morris
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA
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A80G polymorphism of reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) gene and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma etiology in Brazilian population. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1071-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Machado J, Reis PP, Zhang T, Simpson C, Xu W, Perez-Ordonez B, Goldstein DP, Brown DH, Gilbert RW, Gullane PJ, Irish JC, Kamel-Reid S. Low prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral cavity carcinomas. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2010; 2:6. [PMID: 20226055 PMCID: PMC2851586 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence shows that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is preferentially associated with some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), with variable infection rates reported. METHODS We assessed HPV involvement in HNSCC using the Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, which can detect 37 different HPV types. We examined the prevalence of HPV infection in 92 HNSCCs (oropharynx, oral cavity, and other HNSCC sites). RESULTS HPV was frequently detected in oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) (16/22, 73%), but was uncommon in oral cavity cancers (2/53, 4%), and in other HNSCC subsites (1/17, 6%). HPV positive tumors were associated with patients that were 40-60 years old (p = 0.02), and node positive (p = < 0.0001). HPV 16 was the most prevalent type, but other types detected included 6, 18, 33, 35, 45, and 52/58. CONCLUSION Our results show that in contrast to oropharyngeal cancers, oral cancers and other HNSCCs infrequently harbor HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Machado
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Morris LGT, Ganly I. Outcomes of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in pediatric patients. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:292-6. [PMID: 20188621 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is uncommon in young patients and rare in the pediatric population. OCSCC is believed to behave aggressively in this age group, but the existing literature is limited to case reports. The objective of this study was to compare survival outcomes in pediatric and adult patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. We performed a population-based study of 54 pediatric (age < or = 20) and 22,162 adult cases of OCSCC, recorded in the SEER cancer registry. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox multivariable regression was used to control for covariates including gender, stage, histologic grade and treatment modality. Pediatric patients with OCSCC experienced significantly better 5 year DSS than adult patients (75.3% vs. 63.5%, p=0.02). Pediatric patients were also more likely to be female (37.0% vs. 31.7%, p=0.04) and to receive surgery (87.0% vs. 68.6%, p<0.001). When these factors, as well as non-significant differences in rates of metastases and histologic grade were controlled for on multivariable analysis, the pediatric and adult groups experienced equivalent DSS (p=0.64). Pediatric patients with OCSCC experience better survival than adult patients. When differences in patient, tumor and treatment-related characteristics are adjusted for, the two groups experience equivalent survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc G T Morris
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Ruiz M, Biselli P, Maniglia J, Pavarino-Bertelli E, Goloni-Bertollo E. Genetic variability of vascular endothelial growth factor and prognosis of head and neck cancer in a Brazilian population. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:127-33. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009007500036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.T. Ruiz
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto
| | | | - J.V. Maniglia
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
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Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: recurrent disease is associated with histopathologic risk score and young age. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1039-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Goldenberg D, Brooksby C, Hollenbeak CS. Age as a determinant of outcomes for patients with oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:e57-61. [PMID: 19362043 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether survival outcomes of younger patients with oral cavity squamous cell cancer (OSCC) differs from older patients in the US. A retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry. We studied cases (n=19681) of OSCC diagnosed from 1973 to 1999 and used age cutoffs at 40, 45, 50, and 55 years. Control groups of older patients were retrospectively matched on gender, race, cancer subsite, and stage of disease. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A propensity score matching produced groups with similar distributions of patient and disease characteristics. Between these matched groups, younger patients had a significantly better five-year survival (age 40: 63.4% vs. 80.6%, p<0.0001; age 45: 59.0% vs. 72.8%, p<0.0001; age 50: 55.5% vs. 67.2%, p<0.0001; age 55: 54.0% vs. 64.3%, p<0.0001). These results confirm recent results using population-based data that suggest better overall survival in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldenberg
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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38
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Woo VL, Kelsch RD, Su L, Kim T, Zegarelli DJ. Gingival squamous cell carcinoma in adolescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chuang SC, Scelo G, Tonita JM, Tamaro S, Jonasson JG, Kliewer EV, Hemminki K, Weiderpass E, Pukkala E, Tracey E, Friis S, Pompe-Kirn V, Brewster DH, Martos C, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Hashibe M. Risk of second primary cancer among patients with head and neck cancers: A pooled analysis of 13 cancer registries. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2390-6. [PMID: 18729183 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the risk of second primary cancers (SPCs) following a primary head and neck cancer (oral cavity, pharynx and larynx) and the risk of head and neck cancer as a SPC. The present investigation is a multicenter study from 13 population-based cancer registries. The study population involved 99,257 patients with a first primary head and neck cancer and contributed 489,855 person-years of follow-up. To assess the excess risk of SPCs following head and neck cancers, we calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by dividing the observed numbers of SPCs by the expected number of cancers calculated from accumulated person-years and the age-, sex- and calendar period-specific first primary cancer incidence rates in each of the cancer registries. During the observation period, there were 10,826 cases of SPCs after head and neck cancer. For all cancer sites combined, the SIR of SPCs was 1.86 (95% CI = 1.83-1.90) and the 20-year cumulative risk was 36%. Lung cancer contributed to the highest proportion of the SPCs with a 20-year cumulative risk of 13%. Excess second head and neck cancer risk was observed 10 years after diagnosis with lymphohaematopoietic cancers. The most common SPC following a first primary head and neck cancer was lung cancer. However, the highest excess of SPCs was in the head and neck region. These patterns were consistent with the notion that the pattern of cancer in survivors of head and neck cancer is dominated by the effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Chuang
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the underlying genetics, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains a major health risk and one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Current standards of treatment have significantly improved long-term survival rates of patients, but second tumors and metastases still remain the most frequent cause of high mortality in SCCHN patients. A better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms of SCCHN tumorigenesis will help in developing better diagnostics and, hence, better cures. In this article we will briefly outline the current state of diagnostics and treatment and our understanding of the molecular causes of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit M Deshpande
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Changing trends in oral squamous cell carcinoma with particular reference to young patients: 1971-2006. The Emory University experience. Head Neck Pathol 2008; 2:60-6. [PMID: 20614324 PMCID: PMC2807552 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-008-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent reports suggest an increasing incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among young persons in many regions of the world--a trend which is particularly concerning given the overall stabilization or even decline in incidence rates for head and neck cancer in general. The aim of this study is to determine whether there has been an increase in the number of cases of OSCC diagnosed in patients < 40 years old by our biopsy service from 1971 to 2006. METHODS A retrospective review of all OSCC cases diagnosed from 1971 to 2006 by the Emory University Hospital Oral Pathology biopsy service was performed. A comparison of demographic information, frequency, location and histologic grade was made between these cases as a whole and those occurring in a subset of patients < 40 years old. Statistical procedures included chi-square analyses. RESULTS From 1971-2006, 1,919 cases of OSCC were diagnosed, and 95 (5.0%) occurred in patients < 40 years old. A total of 8 cases were diagnosed from 1971 to 1980, compared to 36 cases during the period 1981-1990, 31 during the period 1991-2000 and 21 cases from 2001 to 2006. The increase in OSCC incidence from the 1970s when compared to 1981-2000 was statistically significant (P < 0.002). A 1.7:1 male:female ratio was seen in all decades. The mobile (oral) tongue was the most common location in all decades (62.1%) in young patients. In contrast, tongue cancers accounted for 27.4% in patients > or = 40. This difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Of great surprise, however, was the significant increase in tongue cancer during the study period in patients > or = 40 which accounted for 37.1% of all OSCC diagnoses from 2001 to 2006, compared to 20.5% of OSCC cases from 1971 to 1980 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a greater than fourfold increase in the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young patients < 40 years old beginning in 1974 and peaking in the late 1980s, then remaining stable. The mobile tongue is the most common location for cancer in this age group accounting for 62.1% of cancers. However, the mobile tongue increasingly appears to be the most common site for oral cancer in all age groups.
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