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Li X, Xie R, Luo Y, Shi R, Ling Y, Zhao X, Xu X, Chu W, Wang X. Cooperation of TGF-β and FGF signalling pathways in skin development. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13489. [PMID: 37150846 PMCID: PMC10623945 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a multi-layered structure composed of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis originates entirely from the ectoderm, whereas the dermis originates from various germ layers depending on its anatomical location; thus, there are different developmental patterns of the skin. Although the regulatory mechanisms of epidermal formation are well understood, mechanisms regulating dermis development are not clear owing to the complex origin. It has been shown that several morphogenetic pathways regulate dermis development. Of these, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways are the main modulators regulating skin cell induction, fate decision, migration and differentiation. Recently, the successful generation of human skin by modulating TGF-β and FGF signals further demonstrated the irreplaceable roles of these pathways in skin regeneration. This review provides evidence of the role of TGF-β and FGF signalling pathways in the development of different skin layers, especially the disparate dermis of different body regions. This review also provides new perspectives on the distinct developmental patterns of skin and explores new ideas for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Rongfang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yilin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Runlu Shi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yuanqiang Ling
- Guangzhou Wishing Tree Hair Medical Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Guangzhou Wishing Tree Hair Medical Technology Limited CompanyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenChina
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2
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Wilson SE, Shiju TM, Sampaio LP, Hilgert GL. Corneal fibroblast collagen type IV negative feedback modulation of TGF beta: A fibrosis modulating system likely active in other organs. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:162-172. [PMID: 35421526 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type IV (COL IV) is a major component of basement membranes (BM) in all organs. It serves functions related to BM organization and modulates the passage of growth factors from one tissue compartment to another. COL IV binds transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-1 and TGF beta-2 and, therefore, is a major modulator of TGF beta pro-fibrotic functions. After fibrotic corneal injury, TGF beta enters into the stroma from the tears, epithelium, endothelium and/or aqueous humor and markedly upregulates COL IV production in corneal fibroblasts in the adjacent stroma far removed from BMs. It is hypothesized this non-BM stromal COL IV binds TGF beta-1 (and likely TGF beta-2) in competition with the binding of the growth factors to TGF beta cognate receptors and serves as a negative feedback regulatory pathway to mitigate the effects of TGF beta on stromal cells, including reducing the developmental transition of corneal fibroblasts and fibrocytes into myofibroblasts. Losartan, a known TGF beta signaling inhibitor, when applied topically to the cornea after fibrotic injury, alters this COL IV-TGF beta pathway by down-regulating COL IV production by corneal fibroblasts. Non-BM COL IV produced in response to injuries in other organs, including the lung, skin, liver, kidney, and gut, may participate in similar COL IV-TGF beta pathways and have an important role in controlling TGF beta pro-fibrotic effects in these organs.
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Kolanthai E, Fu Y, Kumar U, Babu B, Venkatesan AK, Liechty KW, Seal S. Nanoparticle mediated RNA delivery for wound healing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1741. [PMID: 34369096 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that comprises various steps, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The wound healing process is significantly affected by coexisting disease states such as diabetes, immunosuppression, or vascular disease. It can also be impacted by age, repeated injury, or hypertrophic scarring. These comorbidities can affect the rate of wound closure, the quality of wound closure, and tissues' function at the affected sites. There are limited options to improve the rate or quality of wound healing, creating a significant unmet need. Advances in nucleic acid research and the human genome project have developed potential novel approaches to address these outstanding requirements. In particular, the use of microRNA, short hairpin RNA, and silencing RNA is unique in their abilities as key regulators within the physiologic machinery of the cell. Although this innovative therapeutic approach using ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an attractive approach, the application as a therapeutic remains a challenge due to site-specific delivery, off-target effects, and RNA degradation obstacles. An ideal delivery system is essential for successful gene delivery. An ideal delivery system should result in high bioactivity, inhibit rapid dilution, controlled release, allow specific activation timings facilitating physiological stability, and minimize multiple dosages. Currently, these goals can be achieved by inorganic nanoparticle (NP) (e.g., cerium oxide, gold, silica, etc.) based delivery systems. This review focuses on providing insight into the preeminent research carried out on various RNAs and their delivery through NPs for effective wound healing. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yifei Fu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Balaashwin Babu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Kenneth W Liechty
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.,College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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4
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Li X, Xu Z, Hao L, Cui Z, Bi K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Cross-talk of Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma and Cataract. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:810-822. [PMID: 32031062 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200207113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, which involves many cellular and cellular components. Cataract is a condition that affects the transparency of the lens, which the opacity of the lens caused by any innate or acquired factor degrades its transparency or changes in color. Both of them belong to diseases induced by immune disorders or inflammation. We want to confirm the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of asthma and cataract simultaneously, and provide reference for the later related experiments. So we conducted a scoping review of many databases and searched for studies (Academic research published in Wiley, Springer and Bentham from 2000 to 2019) about the possible relationship between asthma and cataract. It was found that during the onset of asthma and cataract, Rho/Rock signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway are all active, so they may have a certain correlation in pathogenesis. Asthma may be associated with cataract through the eight signaling pathways, causing inflammation or immune imbalance based on allergy that can lead to cataract. According to these studies, we speculated that the three most likely signaling pathways are PI3K/AKT, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Sumei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiangsheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lifang Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kewei Bi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China,Offices of Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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Pratsinis H, Mavrogonatou E, Kletsas D. Scarless wound healing: From development to senescence. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:325-343. [PMID: 29654790 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An essential element of tissue homeostasis is the response to injuries, cutaneous wound healing being the most studied example. In the adults, wound healing aims at quickly restoring the barrier function of the skin, leading however to scar, a dysfunctional fibrotic tissue. On the other hand, in fetuses a scarless tissue regeneration takes place. During ageing, the wound healing capacity declines; however, in the absence of comorbidities a higher quality in tissue repair is observed. Senescent cells have been found to accumulate in chronic unhealed wounds, but more recent reports indicate that their transient presence may be beneficial for tissue repair. In this review data on skin wound healing and scarring are presented, covering the whole spectrum from early embryonic development to adulthood, and furthermore until ageing of the organism.
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6
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Leonida MD, Kumar I. Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39168-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Honda Y, Sakamoto J, Nakano J, Kataoka H, Sasabe R, Goto K, Tanaka M, Origuchi T, Yoshimura T, Okita M. Upregulation of interleukin-1β/transforming growth factor-β1 and hypoxia relate to molecular mechanisms underlying immobilization-induced muscle contracture. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:419-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Honda
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation; Nagasaki University Hospital; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Junya Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Jiro Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Hideki Kataoka
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Ryo Sasabe
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation; Nagasaki University Hospital; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Kyo Goto
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Toshiro Yoshimura
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
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Dreifke MB, Jayasuriya AA, Jayasuriya AC. Current wound healing procedures and potential care. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 48:651-62. [PMID: 25579968 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we describe current and future potential wound healing treatments for acute and chronic wounds. The current wound healing approaches are based on autografts, allografts, and cultured epithelial autografts, and wound dressings based on biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. The Food and Drug Administration approved wound healing dressings based on several polymers including collagen, silicon, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid. The new potential therapeutic intervention for wound healing includes sustained delivery of growth factors, and siRNA delivery, targeting microRNA, and stem cell therapy. In addition, environment sensors can also potentially utilize to monitor and manage microenvironment at wound site. Sensors use optical, odor, pH, and hydration sensors to detect such characteristics as uric acid level, pH, protease level, and infection - all in the hopes of early detection of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dreifke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA
| | - Amil A Jayasuriya
- Undergraduate Program, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ambalangodage C Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA.
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9
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Walraven M, Gouverneur M, Middelkoop E, Beelen RHJ, Ulrich MMW. Altered TGF-β signaling in fetal fibroblasts: what is known about the underlying mechanisms? Wound Repair Regen 2013; 22:3-13. [PMID: 24134669 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Scarless wound healing is a unique and intrinsic capacity of the fetal skin that is not fully understood. Further insight into the underlying mechanisms of fetal wound healing may lead to new therapeutic approaches promoting adult scarless wound healing. Differences between fetal and adult wound healing are found in the extracellular matrix, the inflammatory reaction and the levels of growth factors present in the wound. This review focuses specifically on transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), as this growth factor is prominently involved in wound healing and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Although fetal fibroblasts do respond to TGF-β, they lack a proliferative and a contractile response and display short-lived myofibroblast differentiation, autocrine response, and collagen up-regulation in comparison with adult fibroblasts. Curiously, prolonged TGF-β activation is associated with fibrosis, and therefore, this short-lived response in fetal fibroblasts might contribute to scarless healing. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge on TGF-β signaling and the intracellular TGF-β signaling pathway in fetal fibroblasts. Furthermore, this review also describes the various components that regulate the cellular TGF-β response and hypothesizes about the possible roles these components might play in the altered response of fetal fibroblasts to TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle Walraven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
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10
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Lim CK, Halim AS, Yaacob NS, Zainol I, Noorsal K. Keloid pathogenesis via Drosophila similar to mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling in a primary epithelial-mesenchymal in vitro model treated with biomedical-grade chitosan porous skin regenerating template. J Biosci Bioeng 2012. [PMID: 23177217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of locally produced chitosan (CPSRT-NC-bicarbonate) in the intervention of keloid pathogenesis were investigated in vitro. A human keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture model was established to investigate the protein levels of human collagen type-I, III and V in a western blotting analysis, the secreted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the mRNA levels of TGF-β1's intracellular signaling molecules (SMAD2, 3, 4 and 7) in a real-time PCR analysis. Keratinocyte-fibroblast co-cultures were maintained in DKSFM:DMEM:F12 (2:2:1) medium. Collagen type-I was found to be the dominant form in primary normal human dermal fibroblast (pNHDF) co-cultures, whereas collagen type-III was more abundant in primary keloid-derived human dermal fibroblast (pKHDF) co-cultures. Collagen type-V was present as a minor component in the skin. TGF-β1, SMAD2 and SMAD4 were expressed more in the pKHDF than the pNHDF co-cultures. Co-cultures with normal keratinocytes suppressed collagen type-III, SMAD2, SMAD4 and TGF-β1 expressions and CPSRT-NC-bicarbonate enhanced this effect. In conclusion, the CPSRT-NC-bicarbonate in association with normal-derived keratinocytes demonstrated an ability to reduce TGF-β1, SMAD2 and SMAD4 expressions in keloid-derived fibroblast cultures, which may be useful in keloid intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Keong Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Zhang XH, Sun NX, Feng ZH, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang JM. Interference of Y-27632 on the signal transduction of transforming growth factor beta type 1 in ocular Tenon capsule fibroblasts. Int J Ophthalmol 2012; 5:576-81. [PMID: 23166867 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the interfering effect of Y-27632, a ROCK-I selective inhibitor, on the signal transduction pathway of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in ocular Tenon capsule fibroblasts (OTFS) in vitro. METHODS After OTFS from passages 4 to 6 in vitro were induced by TGF-β1 and then treated by Y-27632, the changes of the OTFS cell cycles were analyzed via flow cytometry, and the proteins expression of the α-smooth muscular actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen I were calculated by Western blot. After OTFS treated by the different concentrations of Y-27632, the expression levels of the α-SMA, CTGF and collagen I mRNA were assayed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Y-27632 had no markedly effect on the OTFS cell cycles. After treated by TGF-β1, OTFS in G1 period significantly increased. The cell cycles distribution by both TGF-β1 and Y-27632 had no remarkable difference from that in control group. Y-27632 significantly inhibited the proteins expressions of both α-SMA and CTGF, while to some extent inhibited that of collagen I. TGF-β1 significantly promoted the proteins expressions of α-SMA, CTGF and collagen I. After OTFS treated by both TGF-β1 and Y-27632, of α-SMA, the protein expression was similar with that in control group (P=0.066>0.05), but the protein expression of CTGF or collagen I, respectively, was significantly different from that in control group (P=0.000<0.01). The differences of expressions of the α-SMA, CTGF and collagen I mRNA in 30, 150, 750µmol/L Y-27632 group were statistically significant, compared with those in control group, respectively (α-SMA, P=0.002, 0.000, 0.000; CTGF, P=0.014, 0.002, 0.001; collagen I, P=0.003, 0.002, 0.000). CONCLUSION Blocking the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway by using of Y-27632 could inhibit the cellular proliferation and the expression of both CTGF and α-SMA whatever OTFS induced by TGF-β1 or not. Y-27632 suppressed the expression of collagen I mRNA without induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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12
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Tang M, Zhou F, Zhang W, Guo Z, Shang Y, Lu H, Lu R, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhong M. The role of thrombospondin-1-mediated TGF-β1 on collagen type III synthesis induced by high glucose. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 346:49-56. [PMID: 20878350 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been thought to play a major role during cardiac fibrosis in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac fibrosis mainly as a result of an increase of collagen type III occurs in the human hearts with diabetes. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has been reported to activate the latent complex of TGF-β1. We examined the effects of TSP-1 on the expression of TGF-β1 and collagen type III by rat cardiac fibroblasts in high ambient glucose. We demonstrated that high glucose induces the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type III, TGF-β1, and TSP-1. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type III induced by high glucose was downregulated after treatment with TGF-β1 antibody, or TSP-1 siRNA. The expression of TGF-β1 increased by high glucose was also reversed after treatment with TSP-1 siRNA. Our findings suggest that the TSP-1 participates in the upregulation of TGF-β1, collagen type III by high glucose and may provide new therapeutic strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Leng A, Liu T, He Y, Li Q, Zhang G. Smad4/Smad7 balance: a role of tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87:48-53. [PMID: 19341727 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Smad signaling pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression in cancer (Halder, S.K., Rachakonda, G., Deane, N.G., Datta, P.K., 2008. Smad7 induces hepatic metastasis in colorectal cancer. Br. J. Cancer 99, 957-965). The protein level of Smad is associated with growth, inhibition, and metastasis in different cancers. It is unclear if the differentiation, metastasis and apoptosis are reduced by Smad expression pattern in gastric cancer. To determine the effect of Smad on gastric cancer cells, we investigated the relationship of Smad4/Smad7 expression, and differentiation, metastasis, and apoptosis in different gastric cancer. The results show that Smad4 expression in the gastric cancer tissue was dramatically lower than that in the peritumoral tissue. A lower expression of Samd4 was significantly lower in the poorly differentiated tissue than that in the well and middle differentiated tissues (P<0.01). In contrast, Smad7 expression in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the peritumoral tissue. Smad7 was overexpressed in poorly differentiated tissue, also higher than those in the middle, and well differentiated tissues (P<0.05). The Smad4 or Smad7 expression obviously related with the lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer. There were 45 cases with lymphatic metastasis in all 78 patients. Smad4 expression in the cases with lymphatic metastasis was lower than the cases without metastasis (P<0.01), whereas Smad7 expression in the cases with lymphatic metastasis was much higher than the case without metastasis (P<0.01). To better understand the mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer, we established SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines transduced with Smad4 or Smad7 plasmid DNA. Apoptosis and survival of cancer cells was induced after Smad4 and Smad7 transduction. This effect is concentration and time dependent. Thus, this study provides a mechanism by which a balance between Smad4 and Smad7 in human gastric cancer is critical for differentiation, metastasis, and apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Leng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Goldberg SR, Quirk GL, Sykes VW, McKinstry RP, Kordula T, Lanning DA. Differential use of Erk1/2 and transforming growth factor beta pathways by mid- and late-gestational murine fibroblasts. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:971-6. [PMID: 18558167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated the rapid closure of mid-gestational excisional murine wounds at 32 hours. In this study, we theorized that mid-gestational wounds would be completely regenerated, whereas late-gestational wounds would heal with scar formation at 48 hours. Furthermore, we theorized that mid- and late-gestational fibroblasts differentially use the transforming growth factor beta and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. METHODS Three-millimeter excisional cutaneous wounds were made on murine mid- (embryonic day 15 [E15]) and late-gestational (E18) fetuses and harvested at 48 hours for histology. Percent wound closure was calculated. E15 and E18 fibroblasts were cultured overnight for in vitro scratch wound assay in the presence of the activin receptor-like kinase 4-5-7, Erk1/2, and p38 inhibitors. RESULTS E15 wounds healed in a regenerative manner, whereas E18 wounds exhibited scar formation. In vitro scratch closure was similar in the E15 and E18 groups at 8 hours; yet, it increased in E15 compared with E18 groups with activin receptor-like kinase 4-5-7 and Erk1/2 inhibitors. p38 inhibition resulted in reduced scratch closure in both groups. CONCLUSION The scarless mid-gestational excisional wounds compared with the scar-forming late-gestational wounds provides a model to study scar formation. This study also suggests that variable transforming growth factor beta and Erk1/2 signaling may influence differences in wound closure between mid- and late-gestational wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Goldberg
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298-0015, USA
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