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Tugizov SM. Molecular Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Disease of Oropharyngeal Mucosal Epithelium. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1444. [PMID: 37239115 PMCID: PMC10216750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The oropharyngeal mucosal epithelia have a polarized organization, which is critical for maintaining a highly efficient barrier as well as innate immune functions. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, the barrier and innate immune functions of the oral mucosa are impaired via a number of mechanisms. The goal of this review was to discuss the molecular mechanisms of HIV/AIDS-associated changes in the oropharyngeal mucosa and their role in promoting HIV transmission and disease pathogenesis, notably the development of opportunistic infections, including human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, the significance of adult and newborn/infant oral mucosa in HIV resistance and transmission was analyzed. HIV/AIDS-associated changes in the oropharyngeal mucosal epithelium and their role in promoting human papillomavirus-positive and negative neoplastic malignancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharof M Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Coinfection of Infant Tonsil Epithelium May Synergistically Promote both HIV-1 and HCMV Spread and Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:e0092121. [PMID: 34232730 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00921-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may occur during pregnancy, labor, or breastfeeding. These viruses from amniotic fluid, cervicovaginal secretions, and breast milk may simultaneously interact with oropharyngeal and tonsil epithelia; however, the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 and HCMV cotransmission through the oral mucosa and its role in MTCT are poorly understood. To study the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 and HCMV MTCT via oral epithelium, we established polarized infant tonsil epithelial cells and polarized-oriented ex vivo tonsil tissue explants. Using these models, we showed that cell-free HIV-1 and its proteins gp120 and tat induce the disruption of tonsil epithelial tight junctions and increase paracellular permeability, which facilitates HCMV spread within the tonsil mucosa. Inhibition of HIV-1 gp120-induced upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling in tonsil epithelial cells, reduces HCMV infection, indicating that HIV-1-activated MAPK and NF-κB signaling may play a critical role in HCMV infection of tonsil epithelium. HCMV infection of tonsil epithelial cells also leads to the disruption of tight junctions and increases paracellular permeability, facilitating HIV-1 paracellular spread into tonsil mucosa. HCMV-promoted paracellular spread of HIV-1 increases its accessibility to tonsil CD4 T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV-1-enhanced HCMV paracellular spread and infection of epithelial cells subsequently leads to the spread of HCMV to tonsil macrophages and dendritic cells. Our findings revealed that HIV-1- and HCMV-induced disruption of infant tonsil epithelial tight junctions promotes MTCT of these viruses through tonsil mucosal epithelium, and therapeutic intervention for both HIV-1 and HCMV infection may substantially reduce their MTCT. IMPORTANCE Most HIV-1 and HCMV MTCT occurs in infancy, and the cotransmission of these viruses may occur via infant oropharyngeal and tonsil epithelia, which are the first biological barriers for viral pathogens. We have shown that HIV-1 and HCMV disrupt epithelial junctions, reducing the barrier functions of epithelia and thus allowing paracellular penetration of both viruses via mucosal epithelia. Subsequently, HCMV infects epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and HIV-1 infects CD4+ lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Infection of these cells in HCMV- and HIV-1-coinfected tonsil tissues is much higher than that by HCMV or HIV-1 infection alone, promoting their MTCT at its initial stages via infant oropharyngeal and tonsil epithelia.
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Wamalwa D, Njuguna I, Maleche-Obimbo E, Begnel E, Chebet DJ, Onyango JA, Cranmer LM, Huang ML, Richardson BA, Boeckh M, John-Stewart G, Slyker J. Cytomegalovirus viremia and clinical outcomes in Kenyan children diagnosed with HIV in hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1237-1246. [PMID: 34214163 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia is common in HIV infection, and is associated with worse long-term outcomes. To date, no studies have assessed CMV viremia in children diagnosed with HIV in hospital. METHODS We studied CMV viremia and clinical outcomes in 163 Kenyan children aged 2 months-12 years, diagnosed with HIV in hospital. CMV DNA levels in plasma were measured using quantitative PCR. Regression models were used to assess associations between CMV viremia >1000 IU/mL and the risk of continued hospitalization or death at 15 days, duration of hospitalization, and 6-month mortality. RESULTS At enrollment, 62/114 (54%) children had CMV viremia, and 20 (32%) were >1000 IU/mL. Eleven CMV reactivations were observed after admission. The prevalence and level of CMV viremia were highest in children <2 years and lowest in children >5 years old. CMV viremia >1000 IU/mL was independently associated with age < 2 years (p=0.03), higher log10 HIV RNA level (p=0.01), and height-for-age z score <-2 (p=0.02). Adjusting for age and log10 HIV RNA, the relative risk of death or continued hospitalization at 15 days was 1.74 (95%CI=1.04, 2.90), and the hazard ratio of 6-month mortality was 1.97 (95%CI=0.57, 5.07) for children with CMV DNA ≥1000 IU/ml compared to lower-level or undetectable CMV DNA. Children with CMV DNA ≥1000 IU/ml were hospitalized a median ~5 days longer than children with lower-level or undetectable CMV DNA (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS In this nested observational study, CMV viremia was common in hospitalized children with HIV, and levels ≥1000 IU/mL were associated with increased risk of mortality and longer hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Wamalwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Irene Njuguna
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Emily Begnel
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Daisy J Chebet
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith A Onyango
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lisa Marie Cranmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Virology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Barbra A Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jennifer Slyker
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Sezgin E, An P, Winkler CA. Host Genetics of Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis. Front Genet 2019; 10:616. [PMID: 31396258 PMCID: PMC6664682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus (human herpes virus 5) with the highest morbidity and mortality rates compared to other herpes viruses. Risk groups include very young, elderly, transplant recipient, and immunocompromised individuals. HCMV may cause retinitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonia, neonatal infection sequelae, inflammatory, and age-related diseases. With an arsenal of genes in its large genome dedicated to host immune evasion, HCMV can block intrinsic cellular defenses and interfere with cellular immune responses. HCMV also encodes chemokines, chemokine receptors, and cytokines. Therefore, genes involved in human viral defense mechanisms and those encoding proteins targeted by the CMV proteins are candidates for host control of CMV infection and reactivation. Although still few in number, host genetic studies are producing valuable insights into biological processes involved in HCMV pathogenesis and HCMV-related diseases. For example, genetic variants in the immunoglobulin GM light chain can influence the antibody responsiveness to CMV glycoprotein B and modify risk of HCMV-related diseases. Moreover, CMV infection following organ transplantation has been associated with variants in genes encoding toll-like receptors (TLRs), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and interleukin-12p40 (IL-12B). A KIR haplotype (2DS4+) is proposed to be protective for CMV activation among hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Polymorphisms in the interferon lambda 3/4 (IFNL3/4) region are shown to influence susceptibility to CMV replication among solid organ transplant patients. Interestingly, the IFNL3/4 region is also associated with AIDS-related CMV retinitis susceptibility in HIV-infected patients. Likewise, interleukin-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1) variants are shown to influence CMV retinitis development in patients with AIDS. Results from genome-wide association studies suggest a possible role for microtubule network and retinol metabolism in anti-CMV antibody response. Nevertheless, further genetic epidemiological studies with large cohorts, functional studies on the numerous HCMV genes, and immune response to chronic and latent states of infection that contribute to HCMV persistence are clearly necessary to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of CMV infection, reactivation, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Sezgin
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Epidemiology, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
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Fonseca RRDS, Alves ACBA, Amanajás TDA, Nogueira BML, Menezes TODA, Siravenha LQ, Pereira DLA, Machado LFA, Gilet LCDS, Menezes SAFD. Absence of cytomegalovirus in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in HIV-1 patients in Northern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 51:809-812. [PMID: 30517535 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0080-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the progression of chronic periodontitis in HIV patients is poorly investigated. METHODS ELISA was used for anti-CMV antibody IgG titer measurements and real-time polymerase chain reaction for qualitative and quantitative CMV detection. Data on the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and plasma HIV viral load were obtained from patient records. RESULTS CMV DNA was detected in samples of subgingival biofilm in only three individuals, two of them with chronic periodontitis (4%) and one with gingivitis (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMV is very low both in HIV-1 patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Quintão Siravenha
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Luciana Campêlo da Silva Gilet
- Departamento de Odontologia, Centro Especializado de Referência de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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A common anti-cytomegalovirus drug, ganciclovir, inhibits HIV-1 replication in human tissues ex vivo. AIDS 2017; 31:1519-1528. [PMID: 28657962 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common HIV-1 copathogen. Since CMV infection is an important contributor to immune activation, the driving force of HIV disease, an anti-CMV strategy might be beneficial to HIV-infected patients. Shin et al. (J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65:251-258) reported that anti-CMV therapy with valganciclovir in coinfected individuals results in a decrease of HIV viral load that is not accompanied by a decrease of immune activation. This suggests an alternative mechanism for HIV inhibition other than suppression of CMV-mediated inflammation. METHOD We evaluated the anti-HIV activity of ganciclovir (GCV), the active form of valganciclovir, on HIV replication in human tissues ex vivo. RESULTS We show that GCV has a direct suppressive activity on HIV replication in human tissues ex vivo, including laboratory strains, drug-resistant and primate HIV-1 isolates. We deciphered the mechanism of this inhibition and showed that GCV-TP is incorporated in the nascent DNA chain and acts as a delayed chain terminator. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that anti-CMV strategy using valganciclovir in HIV-1-infected individuals may reduce HIV-1 viral load not only indirectly by decreasing CMV-mediated immune activation but also directly by inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
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Elevated cytomegalovirus IgG antibody levels are associated with HIV-1 disease progression and immune activation. AIDS 2017; 31:807-813. [PMID: 28121712 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibody levels, HIV disease progression, and immune activation markers. DESIGN A prospective cohort study was conducted among women enrolled in a trial that was designed to determine the effect of acyclovir on HIV disease progression in Rakai, Uganda. METHODS The primary endpoints were progression to a CD4 T-cell count less than 250 cells/μl, nontraumatic death, or initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4 T-cell counts, HIV viral load, C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble CD14 levels were assessed biannually for 24 months. CMV IgG antibodies were measured at baseline among all women and annually among a subset of women who initiated ART. RESULTS There were 300 HIV/CMV-coinfected participants who contributed a total of 426.4 person-years with a median follow-up time of 1.81 years. Compared with the lowest CMV IgG tertile group at baseline, the highest CMV IgG tertile group was associated with an increased risk to reach a primary endpoint independent of acyclovir use, age, CD4 T-cell count, and HIV viral load at baseline [adjusted hazard ratio = 1.59; (95% CI = 1.05-2.39); P = 0.027]. Among pre-ART visits (n = 1200), women in the highest baseline CMV IgG tertile had increasing annual rates of soluble CD14 and CRP levels, which was not observed for the low CMV IgG tertile group. Compared with pre-ART visits, CMV IgG antibody levels were higher post-ART initiation, and concurrent levels remained associated with soluble CD14 and CRP during suppressive ART (n = 88 person-visits). CONCLUSION The magnitude of the immune response to CMV was associated with HIV disease progression and immune activation in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Osborne BJW, Marsh AK, Huibner S, Shahabi K, Liu C, Contente T, Nagelkerke NJD, Kovacs C, Benko E, Price L, MacDonald KS, Kaul R. Clinical and Mucosal Immune Correlates of HIV-1 Semen Levels in Antiretroviral-Naive Men. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx033. [PMID: 28534034 PMCID: PMC5421353 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was done to characterize parameters associated with semen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load (VL) variability in HIV-infected, therapy-naive men. Methods Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 30 HIV-infected, therapy-naive men who have sex with men, and 13 participants were observed longitudinally for up to 1 year. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA, bacterial load by 16S RNA, herpesvirus (Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) shedding, and semen cytokines/chemokines were quantified, and semen T-cell subsets were assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. Results Semen HIV RNA was detected at 93% of visits, with >50% of men shedding high levels of virus (defined as >5000 copies/mL). In the baseline cross-sectional analysis, an increased semen HIV VL correlated with local CMV reactivation, the semen bacterial load, and semen inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-8. T cells in semen were more activated than blood, and there was an increased frequency of Th17 cells and γδ-T-cells. Subsequent prospective analysis demonstrated striking interindividual variability in HIV and CMV shedding patterns, and only semen IL-8 levels and the blood VL were independently associated with semen HIV levels. Conclusions Several clinical and immune parameters were associated with increased HIV semen levels in antiretroviral therapy-naive men, with induction of local proinflammatory cytokines potentially acting as a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angie K Marsh
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanja Huibner
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamnoosh Shahabi
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindy Liu
- Center for Microbiomics and Human Health, Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| | - Tania Contente
- Center for Microbiomics and Human Health, Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Lance Price
- Center for Microbiomics and Human Health, Division of Pathogen Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University
| | - Kelly S MacDonald
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Departments of Medicine and.,Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Polymorphisms in the CD14 and TLR4 genes independently predict CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2016; 30:2159-68. [PMID: 27281059 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic HIV infection leads to marked depletion of CD4 T cells in the gastrointestinal tract and increased microbial translocation measured by an increase in circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Here, we hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14, the principal receptors for LPS, were associated with CD4 T-cell recovery postantiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Prospective study of predominantly white HIV-infected participants receiving suppressive ART for at least 12 months. We analysed the CD14 SNPs C-260T and the TLR4 SNPs A+896G, C+1196T. We also determined the levels of LPS and soluble CD14 in plasma samples collected pre-ART and post-ART initiation. CD4 T-cell recovery was assessed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Following ART, individuals with a TT genotype compared with a CT or CC genotype for CD14 C-260T SNP showed higher levels of soluble CD14 (P = 0.008 and 0.003, respectively). The CC genotype for the CD14 C-260T SNP, compared with CT or TT, and the TLR4 SNP (AC/GT), compared with the homozygous genotype (AA/CC), were both independently associated with enhanced long-term CD4 T-cell recovery (>3 months; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in CD14 and TLR4 are independently associated with long-term CD4 T-cell recovery in HIV-infected individuals post-ART.
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Lurain NS, Hanson BA, Hotton AL, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Landay AL. The Association of Human Cytomegalovirus with Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation in HIV-1-Infected Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:134-43. [PMID: 26422187 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three groups of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive women (total n = 164) were selected from the Chicago Women's Interagency HIV-1 Study to investigate the association between CMV coinfection and immune activation: (1) HIV-1 viremic, (2) HIV-1 aviremic, and (3) HIV-1 uninfected. Quantitative measures of CMV serum IgG, CMV DNA, and serum biomarkers interleukin (IL)-6, soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP10) were obtained. Levels of CMV IgG and the serum biomarkers were significantly higher in the HIV-1 viremic group compared to the aviremic and uninfected groups (p < 0.001). No significant associations with CMV IgG levels were found for HIV-uninfected women. When each of the HIV-infected groups was analyzed, sCD14 levels in the viremic women were significantly associated with CMV IgG levels with p < 0.02 when adjusted for age, CD4 count, and HIV viral load. There was also a modest association (p = 0.036) with IL-6 from plasma and cervical vaginal lavage specimens both unadjusted and adjusted for CD4 count and HIV viral load. The association of CMV IgG level with sCD14 implicates the monocyte as a potential site for interaction of the two viruses, which eventually may lead to non-AIDS-defining pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nell S. Lurain
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Barbara A. Hanson
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna L. Hotton
- The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospital System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospital System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mardge H. Cohen
- The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospital System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Zhao Q, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Wen Y, Pan P, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang L, Qiu M. Short Communication: Investigating a Chain of HIV Transmission Events Due to Homosexual Exposure and Blood Transfusion Based on a Next Generation Sequencing Method. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1225-9. [PMID: 26355677 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates a chain of HIV transmission events due to homosexual exposure and blood transfusion in China. The MiSeq platform, a next generation sequencing (NGS) system, was used to obtain genetic details of the HIV-1 env region (336 base pairs). Evolutionary analysis combined with epidemiologic evidence suggests a transmission chain from patient T3 to T2 through homosexual exposure and subsequently to T1 through blood transfusion. More importantly, a phylogenetic study suggested a likely genetic bottleneck for HIV in homosexual transmission from T3 to T2, while T1 inherited the majority of variants from T2. The result from the MiSeq platform is consistent with findings from the epidemiologic survey. The MiSeq platform is a powerful tool for tracing HIV transmissions and intrapersonal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- 2 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wen
- 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Pinliang Pan
- 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- 2 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Zhang
- 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 3 Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
- 4 Melbourne Sexual Health Centre , Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 5 Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maofeng Qiu
- 1 National AIDS Reference Laboratory, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing, China
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