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Ściskalska M, Ołdakowska M, Marek G, Milnerowicz H. Changes in the Activity and Concentration of Superoxide Dismutase Isoenzymes (Cu/Zn SOD, MnSOD) in the Blood of Healthy Subjects and Patients with Acute Pancreatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100948. [PMID: 33019780 PMCID: PMC7601220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the changes in the concentration and activity of all superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) in the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and healthy subjects, taking into account the extracellular (plasma) and intracellular (erythrocyte lysate) compartment. The relationships between the activity/concentration of SODs, metal concentration and the markers of inflammation were evaluated. To assess the pro/antioxidative imbalance, the malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the value of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. The impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SOD1 gene (rs2070424) on the activity/concentration of SOD1 as the main isoenzyme of the SOD family was also analyzed in this study. The SOD2 activity in erythrocytes was increased compared to plasma: 10-fold in the AP patient group and 5-fold in healthy subjects. The plasma of AP patients showed an increased SOD1 concentration and decreased SOD2 and SOD3 concentrations compared to healthy subjects. The Cu/Zn SOD (SOD1 + SOD3) concentration in plasma of AP patients was elevated compared to healthy subjects, but changes in plasma Cu/Zn SOD (SOD1 + SOD3) activity in the examined groups were not observed. An influence of SNP rs2070424 in the SOD1 gene on the total activity of SOD in AP patients (with AG genotype), accompanied by an increased IL-6 concentration, was observed. In oxidative stress conditions induced by inflammation, the participation of individual forms of plasma SOD isoenzymes in total antioxidative activity of SOD changed. A significant increase in the intracellular SOD1 concentration in plasma of AP patients proves the important role of this isoenzyme in the neutralization of oxidative stress induced by impaired Cu and Zn homeostasis. The presence of increased concentration of SOD2 in erythrocytes of healthy subjects and AP patients confirms the important function of this isoenzyme in the antioxidative defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ściskalska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.Ś.); (H.M.); Tel.: +43-71-784-01-78 (M.Ś.); +43-71-784-01-71 (H.M.)
| | - Monika Ołdakowska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Marek
- Second Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.Ś.); (H.M.); Tel.: +43-71-784-01-78 (M.Ś.); +43-71-784-01-71 (H.M.)
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M. Al-Groo R, R. Hamad AW, M. Al-Dali S. Assessment of Important Trace Elements in Jordanian Adult Females and Males by Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2013.761.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Haritha C, Reddy AG, Reddy YR, Anjaneyulu Y, Rao TM, Kumar BA, Kumar MU. Evaluation of protective action of fenugreek, insulin and glimepiride and their combination in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:207-12. [PMID: 23633864 PMCID: PMC3633279 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of fenugreek, insulin and glimepiride alone and their combination in diabetic rat liver. Fifty six male Sprague dawley rats of uniform age were randomly divided into seven groups. Group 1: Non-diabetic control; Group 2: Streptozotocin (40 mg/Kg i/p single dose)-induced diabetic control; Group 3: Insulin (4 U/kg once daily for 8 weeks) treatment in diabetic rats; Group 4: Glimepiride (4 mg/Kg orally once daily for 8 weeks) treatment in diabetic rats; Group 5: Fenugreek seed powder treatment (1 g/kg orally once daily for 8 weeks) in diabetic rats; Group 6: Insulin + Fenugreek seed powder treatment (once daily for 8 weeks) in diabetic rats; Group 7: Glimepiride + Fenugreek seed powder treatment (once daily for 8 weeks) in diabetic rats. Livers were collected at the end of experiment for histopathology and estimation of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), Na(+)/K(+) ATPase and Mg(2)+ ATPase, cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glycogen. There was an increase in the concentration of TBARS and protein carbonyls, and decrease in the concentration of GSH and glycogen, and the activity of GST, G6PD, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase and Mg(2)+ ATPase in diabetic livers, while treatment groups showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in the above parameters. The histology of liver revealed marked changes in diabetic rats and mild changes in combination treatment groups. The treatment with fenugreek, insulin and glimepiride improved the liver parameters in diabetic rats and their combination showed a beneficial effect on liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haritha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
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Pourfallah F, Javadian S, Zamani Z, Saghiri R, Sadeghi S, Zarea B, Mirkhani F, Fatemi N, Kordi T. Evaluation of serum levels of essential trace elements in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis before and after treatment by age and gender. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 14:590-594. [PMID: 22097095 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.590.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of Zinc, Copper, Iron and Copper/Zinc ratio in the serum of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran. Serum levels of Zinc and Copper were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and scrum iron concentration was measured by using an Auto Analyzer. The study group consisted of 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients before treatment and after 6 months of anti-tubercular therapy. Levels of scrum Zn (p < 0.001) and Fe (p < 0.001) in TB patients were significantly increased after 6 months of anti-tubercular therapy. However, serum Cu concentration (p < 0.01) and Cu/Zn ratio (p < 0.05) were decreased after 6 months of anti-tubercular therapy. Some studies indicated a strong association of Zn, Cu, Fe and the Cu/Zn ratio with TB. In this study, we found remarkable change in Cu/Zn ratio. Some researchers mentioned that serum Cu/Zn ratio could be used as an important laboratory marker for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. They also mentioned that trace element levels must be closely monitored during the process of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pourfallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with excessive production of nitric oxide (NO·) and superoxide (O2), forming peroxynitrite, which in turn, acts as a terminal mediator of cellular injury by producing cell necrosis and apoptosis. We examined the effect of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, WW-85, in a sheep model of acute lung injury and septic shock. Eighteen sheep were operatively prepared and randomly allocated to the sham, control, or WW-85 group (n = 6 each). After a tracheotomy, acute lung injury was produced in the control and WW-85 groups by insufflation of four sets of 12 breaths of cotton smoke. Then, a 30-mL suspension of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (containing 2 - 5 × 10¹¹ colony-forming units) was instilled into the lungs according to an established protocol. The sham group received only the vehicle (30 mL saline). The sheep were studied in awake state for 24 h and ventilated with 100% oxygen. WW-85 was administered 1 h after injury as bolus infusion (0.1 mg/kg), followed by a continuous infusion of 0.02 mg·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹ until the end of the 24-h experimental period. Compared with injured but untreated controls, WW-85-treated animals had significantly improved gas exchange, reductions in airway obstruction, shunt formation, lung myeloperoxidase concentrations, lung malondialdehyde concentrations, lung 3-nitrotyrosine concentrations, and plasma nitrate-to-nitrite levels. Animals treated with WW-85 exhibited less microvascular leakage and improvements in pulmonary function. These results provide evidence that blockade of the nitric oxide-peroxynitrite pathway improves disturbances from septic shock, as demonstrated in a clinically relevant ovine experimental model.
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Abstract
This review article describes the pathophysiological aspects of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), induced by combined burn and smoke inhalation and examines various therapeutic approaches. The injury results in a fall in arterial oxygenation as a result of airway obstruction, increased pulmonary transvascular fluid flux and loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The changes in cardiopulmonary function are mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by both inducible and constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Recently, neuronal NOS emerged as a major component within the pathogenesis of ARDS. NO rapidly combines with the oxygen radical superoxide to form reactive and highly toxic nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite. The control of NO formation involves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and its ability to up-regulate the activity of nuclear transcription factors through ribosylation. In addition, present data support a major role of the bronchial circulation in the injury, as blockage of bronchial blood flow will also minimize the pulmonary injury. Current data suggest that cytotoxins and activated cells are formed in the airway and carried to the parenchyma.
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Rehberg S, Maybauer MO, Enkhbaatar P, Maybauer DM, Yamamoto Y, Traber DL. Pathophysiology, management and treatment of smoke inhalation injury. Expert Rev Respir Med 2009; 3:283-297. [PMID: 20161170 PMCID: PMC2722076 DOI: 10.1586/ers.09.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation injury continues to increase morbidity and mortality in burn patients in both the third world and industrialized countries. The lack of uniform criteria for the diagnosis and definition of smoke inhalation injury contributes to the fact that, despite extensive research, mortality rates have changed little in recent decades. The formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as the procoagulant and antifibrinolytic imbalance of alveolar homeostasis, all play a central role in the pathogenesis of smoke inhalation injury. Further hallmarks include massive airway obstruction owing to cast formation, bronchospasm, the increase in bronchial circulation and transvascular fluid flux. Therefore, anticoagulants, antioxidants and bronchodilators, especially when administered as an aerosol, represent the most promising treatment strategies. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the pathophysiological changes, management and treatment options of smoke inhalation injury based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rehberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA, Tel.: +1 409 772 6405, ,
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THE EFFECT OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE OVEREXPRESSION ON HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS AND WHOLE-BODY GLUCOSE OXIDATION DURING RESUSCITATED NORMOTENSIVE MURINE SEPTIC SHOCK. Shock 2008; 30:578-84. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31816a6e0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maybauer MO, Maybauer DM, Fraser JF, Traber LD, Westphal M, Cox RA, Huda R, Nakano YY, Enkhbaatar P, Hawkins HK, Herndon DN, Traber DL. Ceftazidime improves hemodynamics and oxygenation in ovine smoke inhalation injury and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:1219-1227. [PMID: 17503018 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate ceftazidime in acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study in an investigational ICU at a university hospital. INTERVENTIONS Eighteen female Merino sheep were prepared for chronic study and subjected to smoke inhalation and septic challenge according to an established protocol. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Whereas global hemodynamics and oxygenation remained stable in sham animals (no injury, no treatment), the injury contributed to a hypotensive-hyperdynamic circulation in the control group (smoke inhalation and sepsis, no treatment), as indicated by a significant increase in cardiac index) and heart rate and a drop in mean arterial pressure. Treatment with ceftazidime (smoke inhalation and sepsis, treatment group) stabilized cardiac index and heart rate and attenuated the decrease in mean arterial pressure. The deterioration in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) was significantly delayed and blunted by ceftazidime. At 24 h after injury a significant increase in airway obstruction scores of bronchi and bronchioles in both injured groups was observed. Ceftazidime significantly reduced airway obstruction vs. control animals. Whereas plasma nitrate/nitrite levels increased similarly in the two injured groups, lung 3-nitrotyrosine content remained at the baseline level in the ceftazidime group. CONCLUSIONS In ovine lung injury ceftazidime improves global hemodynamics and oxygenation not only by bacterial clearance but also via reduction in toxic nitrogen species such as 3-nitrotyrosine. Therefore ceftazidime appears as a clinically relevant adjunct in the common setting of sepsis-associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc O Maybauer
- Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital, 301 University Blvd., 77555-0833, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dirk M Maybauer
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - John F Fraser
- Royal Children's Hospital Burns Research Group and Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lillian D Traber
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Martin Westphal
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert A Cox
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Ruksana Huda
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Y Nakano
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Hal K Hawkins
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
| | - Daniel L Traber
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pathology, and Surgery, Investigational Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital for Children at Galveston, Tex., USA
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Maybauer DM, Traber DL, Radermacher P, Herndon DN, Maybauer MO. [Treatment strategies for acute smoke inhalation injury]. Anaesthesist 2007; 55:980-2, 984-8. [PMID: 16826418 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-006-1050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most fatalities from fires are not due to burns, but are a result of inhalation of toxic gases produced during combustion. Fire produces a complex toxic environment, involving flame, heat, oxygen depletion, smoke and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and cyanide. As a wide variety of synthetic materials is used in buildings, such as insulation, furniture, carpeting, electric wiring covering as well as decorative items, the potential for poisoning from inhalation of products of combustion is continuously increasing. The present review describes the pathophysiologic effects from smoke inhalation injury as well as strategies for emergency treatment on scene and in the intensive care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Maybauer
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie, Parkstrasse 11, 89075, Ulm.
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Matejovic M, Krouzecky A, Rokyta R, Radej J, Kralova H, Treska V, Radermacher P, Novak I. EFFECTS OF COMBINING INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR AND RADICAL SCAVENGER DURING PORCINE BACTEREMIA. Shock 2007; 27:61-8. [PMID: 17172982 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000235088.53421.6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions of nitric oxide and other free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis and organ dysfunction. We hypothesized that simultaneous inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition (L-N6-[1-iminoethyl]-lysine [L-NIL]) and neutralization of superoxide (O2-) (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl [Tempol]) would protect from detrimental consequences of long-term, volume-resuscitated, hyperdynamic porcine bacteremia. In this prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study, 16 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and instrumented pigs were exposed to 24 h of continuous infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After 12 h of hyperdynamic sepsis, animals were randomized to receive either vehicle (control, n = 8) or combination of L-NIL and Tempol (n = 8). Systemic and hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics, oxygen exchange, metabolism, ileal mucosal microcirculation and tonometry, oxidative stress and coagulation parameters were assessed before, 12, 18, and 24 h of P. aeruginosa infusion. Combined treatment inhibited sepsis-induced increase in plasma nitrate/nitrite, 8-isoprostane, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species concentrations, prevented hypotension, and reversed hyperdynamic circulation. Despite lower intestinal macrocirculation, combined regimen attenuated the otherwise progressive deterioration in ileal mucosal microcirculation and prevented mucosal acidosis. Treatment substantially attenuated mesenteric and hepatic venous acidosis, preserved sepsis-induced impairment of hepatosplanchnic redox state, and prevented the development of renal dysfunction. Finally, coinfusion of L-NIL and Tempol largely attenuated the sepsis-induced rise in plasma von Willebrand factor and thrombin-antithrombin complexes. Thus, hemodynamic, microcirculatory, metabolic, renal, and coagulation data indicate that combining inducible inhibition with cell permeable O2(-) radical scavenger afforded significant protection in porcine sepsis, thus suggesting an important interactive role of O2(-) and nitric oxide in mediating organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Matejovic
- Intensive Care Unit, 1st Medical Department, Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital Plzen, Czech Republic.
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WHAT'S NEW IN SHOCK, FEBRUARY 2006? Shock 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000206423.77307.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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