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Walker BS, Billingsley KG, Sutton TL, Kolbeck KJ, Korngold EK, Nabavizadeh N, Dewey EN, Herzig DO, Lopez CD, Mayo SC. Hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy combined with systemic therapy for patients with advanced colorectal liver metastases: Outcomes in a newly established program. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:513-522. [PMID: 35522249 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy has been demonstrated to improve survival in patients with resected CRLM and to facilitate conversion of technically unresectable disease. METHODS Between 2016 and 2018, n = 22 HAI pumps were placed for CRLM. All patients received systemic chemotherapy concurrently with HAI floxuridine/dexamethasone. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS HAI pumps were placed in seven patients with completely resected CRLM and 15 patients with unresectable disease. Twenty-one patients received HAI floxuridine with a median of 5 total HAI cycles (interquartile range: 4-7). Biliary sclerosis was the most common HAI-related complication (n = 5, 24%). Of the 13 patients treated to convert unresectable CRLM, 3 (23%) underwent hepatic resection with curative intent after a median of 7 HAI cycles (range: 4-10). For all HAI patients, the mean OS was 26.7 months from CRLM diagnosis, while the median PFS and hepatic PFS from pump placement were 9 and 13 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Concomitant HAI and systemic therapy can be utilized at multidisciplinary programs for patients with advanced CRLM, both in the adjuvant setting and to facilitate conversion of unresectable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S Walker
- Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Thomas L Sutton
- Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kenneth J Kolbeck
- OHSU, Department of Interventional Radiology, Dotter Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel O Herzig
- OHSU, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles D Lopez
- OHSU, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA.,The Knight Cancer Institute at OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Skye C Mayo
- Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.,The Knight Cancer Institute at OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Adjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy for patients with resected colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:299-308. [PMID: 34895829 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) varies widely. This meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of adjuvant HAIC and the influence of variations in HAIC treatment in patients with resected CRLM. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were followed for this study. The search was limited to comparative studies (HAIC vs non-HAIC) for overall survival. Subgroup meta-analyses using random-effects were performed for type of intra-arterial drug, method of catheter insertion, use of concomitant adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, and study design. RESULTS Eighteen eligible studies were identified. After excluding overlapping cohorts, fifteen studies were included in the quantitative analysis, corresponding to 3584 patients. HAIC was associated with an improved overall survival (pooled hazard ratio (HR) 0.77; 95%CI 0.64-0.93). Survival benefit of HAIC was most pronounced in studies using floxuridine (HR 0.76; 95%CI: 0.62-0.94), surgical catheter insertion with subcutaneous pump (HR 0.71; 95%CI: 0.61-0.84), and concomitant adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (HR 0.75; 95%CI: 0.59-0.96). The pooled HR of RCTs was 0.91 (95%CI 0.72-1.14), of which only 3 used floxuridine. CONCLUSION Adjuvant HAIC is a promising treatment for patients with resectable CRLM, in particular HAIC with floxuridine using a surgically placed catheter and a subcutaneous pump, and concomitant systemic chemotherapy.
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Chakedis J, Beal EW, Sun S, Galo J, Chafitz A, Davidson G, Reardon J, Dillhoff M, Pawlik TM, Abdel-Misih S, Bloomston M, Schmidt CR. Implementation and early outcomes for a surgeon-directed hepatic arterial infusion pump program for colorectal liver metastases. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:1065-1073. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Chakedis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Eliza W. Beal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Steven Sun
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Jason Galo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Aaron Chafitz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Gail Davidson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Joshua Reardon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Mary Dillhoff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | - Sherif Abdel-Misih
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
| | | | - Carl R. Schmidt
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; Columbus Ohio
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Herndon DN. Southern Surgical Association: A Tradition of Mentorship in Translational Research. J Am Coll Surg 2017; 224:381-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Martin RCG, Salem R, Adam R, Dixon E. Locoregional surgical and interventional therapies for advanced colorectal liver metastasis: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford) 2013; 15:131-3. [PMID: 23297724 PMCID: PMC3719919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C G Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Riad Salem
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial HospitalChicago, IL, USA
| | - Rene Adam
- Hepatobiliary Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Paul Brousse (Paul Brousse Hospital, Public Service Paris Hospitals)Villejuif, France
| | - Elijah Dixon
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
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Prolonged survival of initially unresectable hepatic colorectal cancer patients treated with hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin followed by radical surgery of metastases. Ann Surg 2010; 251:686-91. [PMID: 20224373 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3181d35983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of oxaliplatin with systemic 5-Fluorouracil and leucovorin on patients with isolated unresectable liver metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 87 patients treated in our hospital with HAI of oxaliplatin with systemic 5-Fluorouracil and leucovorin for isolated unresectable colorectal liver metastases from May 1999 to May 2007 were extracted from a prospective database and analyzed. The resectability rate, perioperative findings, postoperative outcomes, and long-term follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS HAI was delivered after failure of previous systemic chemotherapy in 69 patients (79%). The main criterion for unresectability was massive liver involvement (86% of patients). Most patients had synchronous (85%), bilateral metastases (89%). The median number of HAI courses was 8 (0-25). About 31 patients experienced technical catheter-related problems, which were responsible for withdrawal of HAI in only 7 patients (8%). Finally, a total of 23 patients (26%) were operated on, and resection or radiofrequency ablation was performed in 21 patients (24%). No postoperative mortality was observed and the morbidity rate was 35%. Five-year overall survival was 56% in the surgery group versus none in the nonsurgery group (P < 0.0001). After a median follow-up of 63 months, intrahepatic recurrence occurred in 10 patients among the 23 operated patients. CONCLUSIONS HAI of oxaliplatin with systemic 5-Fluorouracil and leucovorin offers a second chance to remove initially unresectable isolated colorectal liver metastases in 24% of patients, and appears to be more efficient when performed as first-line therapy. Long-term overall survival can be obtained with this approach.
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Importance of complete pathologic response to prehepatectomy chemotherapy in treating colorectal cancer metastases. Ann Surg 2010; 250:935-42. [PMID: 19953712 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3181b0c6e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the influence of complete pathologic response of colorectal cancer liver metastases to prehepatectomy chemotherapy on longterm survival after hepatectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Although complete response seen on imaging may be a useful criterion for evaluating efficacy of chemotherapy, complete clinical response by imaging has shown limited predictive value for complete pathologic response in treating colorectal liver metastases. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 63 patients who received preoperative chemotherapy and underwent hepatectomy. RESULTS Of 472 liver metastases evaluated, 86 were no more visible from images after chemotherapy. We excluded 14 of these metastasis treated with local ablation. Of the remaining 72 metastasis, 22 (30.6%) were microscopically persistent metastases or recurrences in situ. Liver metastases with complete pathologic response had smaller diameters at diagnosis than others (P < 0.001), and microscopic cancer deposits surrounding macroscopic tumors were less frequent in patients with complete pathologic response than others (P < 0.05). Outcomes were favorable in patients whose liver metastases all showed a complete pathologic response. Even patients with complete pathologic response in only some metastases showed higher overall and disease-free survival rates than pathologic nonresponders (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Presence or absence of metastases showing complete pathologic response was an independent prognostic factor (relative risk, 4.464; P = 0.0099). CONCLUSIONS Little correlation was observed between imaging response of colorectal cancer liver metastases to chemotherapy and pathologic response. Liver surgery should be undertaken even after a complete response by imaging. Outcome after hepatectomy was favorable in patients showing complete pathologic response of least one metastasis.
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Tanaka K, Shimada H, Matsumoto C, Matsuo K, Takeda K, Nagano Y, Togo S. Impact of the degree of liver resection on survival for patients with multiple liver metastases from colorectal cancer. World J Surg 2009; 32:2057-69. [PMID: 18454272 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the degree of hepatic resection has been found to be a key aspect of tumor stimulation, the differences in clinical outcome between a massive liver resection and a less extensive resection for multiple colorectal metastases have not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of the extent of liver resection on survival outcome. METHODS Clinicopathologic data were available for 85 patients who were surgically treated for four or more liver metastases. Forty-nine patients who underwent a major hepatic resection were compared with patients who underwent minor hepatic resections (n = 36). RESULTS As the patients undergoing major resection were more likely to have multiple (p = 0.014) and large tumors (p = 0.021) compared to the minor-resection patients, their overall survival was worse (p = 0.046) and the disease-free rate tended to be poorer. By multivariate analysis of the cohorts, the only independent factor affecting survival was the number of liver tumors (< or =5 or > or =6; relative risk [RR] = 0.427; p = 0.014). When patients with six or more metastases were selected and analyzed, the overall survival of patients who had a major resection was significantly poorer than those who had minor resections (p = 0.028), although the clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION Although the extent of hepatectomy was not an independent prognosticator, minor resections for multiple colorectal metastases may offer a long-term survival advantage compared to a major resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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Tanaka K, Shimada H, Ueda M, Matsuo K, Endo I, Togo S. Role of hepatectomy in treating multiple bilobar colorectal cancer metastases. Surgery 2008; 143:259-70. [PMID: 18242343 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zorzi D, Laurent A, Pawlik TM, Lauwers GY, Vauthey JN, Abdalla EK. Chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity and surgery for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 2007; 94:274-86. [PMID: 17315288 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative systemic chemotherapy is increasingly used in patients who undergo hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Although chemotherapy-related hepatic injury has been reported, the incidence and the effect of such injury on patient outcome remain ill defined. METHODS A systematic review of relevant studies published before May 2006 was performed. Studies that reported on liver injury associated with preoperative chemotherapy for CLM were identified and data on chemotherapy-specific liver injury and patient outcome following hepatic resection were synthesized and tabulated. RESULTS Hepatic steatosis, a mild manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), may occur after treatment with 5-fluorouracil and is associated with increased postoperative morbidity. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a serious complication of NAFLD that includes inflammation and hepatocyte damage, can occur after treatment with irinotecan, especially in obese patients. Irinotecan-associated steatohepatitis can affect hepatic reserve and increase morbidity and mortality after hepatectomy. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome can occur in patients treated with oxaliplatin, but does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of perioperative death. CONCLUSION Preoperative chemotherapy for CLM induces regimen-specific hepatic changes that can affect patient outcome. Both response rate and toxicity should be considered when selecting preoperative chemotherapy in patients with CLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zorzi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States, with 135,000 new cases and 55,000 deaths annually. Ultimately, two-thirds (99,000) of all patients with colorectal cancer will develop metastasis to the liver and other organs in their life span, making metastatic colorectal cancer the second leading cause of cancer-related death in North America. The optimal management of these patients has become increasingly complex with the myriad of treatment options that are available. Because the timing of any therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, or others) has become integral to the success of the treatment, a collaborative approach involving multiple specialties is needed for the best patient outcome. Defined clinical and pathologic determinants of outcome have been demonstrated to effect the overall and disease-free survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Understanding of these determinants remains essential to any treating physician and has lead to significant paradigm shifts in the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Lewis
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Robert C.G. Martin
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Sheth KR, Clary BM, Ychou M, Delpero JR, Rougier P. Management of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2005; 18:215-23. [PMID: 20011304 PMCID: PMC2780092 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-916282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of hepatic metastases in the United States occur in patients with a primary colorectal malignancy. Advances in technology combined with increasing surgeon experience have broadened the treatment options available for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Surgical resection is the most effective therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer isolated to the liver. The aim of this article is to discuss the role of locally aggressive treatment options including resection, ablation, and regional chemotherapy in the management of patients with metastases from colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan R. Sheth
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan M. Clary
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Clancy TE, Dixon E, Perlis R, Sutherland FR, Zinner MJ. Hepatic arterial infusion after curative resection of colorectal cancer metastases: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials. J Gastrointest Surg 2005; 9:198-206. [PMID: 15694815 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to treat residual microscopic disease after curative hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases remains controversial. In recent years, a number of studies examining adjuvant HAI have shown conflicting results. A meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials was performed to determine if adjuvant HAI confers a survival benefit in this setting. Two reviewers independently performed a literature search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry. Prospective clinical trials comparing hepatic arterial chemotherapy after curative hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases against a control arm were included. Non-English-language publications were excluded. The outcome measure was survival difference at 1 and 2 years after surgery. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, and all except one were randomized trials. The survival difference in months (positive values favoring the treatment arm) was 1.8 at 1 year (95% confidence interval, -4.9, 8.5) and 9.6 at 2 years (95% confidence interval, -2.2, 21.4). Neither was statistically significant (at 2 years, P=0.11). Based on these findings, routine adjuvant HAI after curative resection for colorectal cancer of the liver cannot be recommended. However, given the trend toward a survival benefit at 2 years, further study is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Clancy
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Martin RCG, Edwards MJ, McMasters KM. Morbidity of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy in the management of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. Am J Surg 2004; 188:714-21. [PMID: 15619489 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 08/07/2004] [Accepted: 08/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. Hepatic arterial infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy in combination with surgical resection has been demonstrated in a recent study to improve disease-free and overall survival for patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. Other reports, however, have indicated significant toxicity related to HAIP chemotherapy in the form of biliary sclerosis. Thus, the value of adjuvant HAIP chemotherapy following hepatic resection or ablation remains controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the survival and toxicity in a single institutional experience with adjuvant HAIP chemotherapy. METHODS Review of a prospective hepatobiliary database was performed. HAIP were placed in the standard technique following resection and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of all liver metastases. Patients received floxuridine (FUDR) via the HAIP at standard doses. Complications were graded according to a standard 5-point grading scale. Statistical analysis was performed by chi(2) test. RESULTS Thirty-four of 86 patients underwent placement of HAIP at the time of hepatic resection or ablation between January 1999 and November 2002. The HAIP group demonstrated a significantly greater (P <0.05) number (median 5 vs. 2) and size (median 5 cm vs. 3 cm) of hepatic lesions compared to the group without HAIP. The HAIP group experienced a greater frequency of complications (53% vs. 33%), with 6 (18%) patients in the HAIP group demonstrating biliary sclerosis. There were no deaths within 30 days of surgery. Median survival was similar in both groups (HAIP 20 months, no HAIP 24 months). CONCLUSIONS Patients in the HAIP group had significantly worse overall predictors of outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer, yet the median overall survival in both groups was similar. However, adjuvant HAIP chemotherapy was associated with significantly greater morbidity. Given the availability of newer active systemic agents and regimens, the value of adjuvant HAIP chemotherapy remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C G Martin
- University of Louisville Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, James Brown Cancer Center, 315 E. Broadway, Room 313, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Shimada H, Tanaka K, Masui H, Nagano Y, Matsuo K, Kijima M, Ichikawa Y, Ike H, Ooki S, Togo S. Results of surgical treatment for multiple (> or =5 nodules) bi-lobar hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2004; 389:114-21. [PMID: 14714186 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-003-0447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Accepted: 11/09/2003] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surgery for the treatment of multiple (> or =5) bi-lobar hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer is controversial. This retrospective study presents our experience in an attempt to develop reasonable treatment guidelines. METHOD One hundred sixty-one consecutive patients who underwent liver resection with curative intent were classified into three groups: H1 (unilateral), H2 (bilateral, < or =4 nodules), or H3 (bilateral, > or =5 nodules). RESULTS The overall cumulative 5-year survival rate was 46.7%. Survival was similar among patients with H1, H2, and H3 disease. Thirty-two patients with H3 disease underwent hepatectomy: straightforward hepatectomy in 12, portal vein embolization (PVE) prior to hepatectomy in eight, two-stage hepatectomy in two, and two-stage hepatectomy combined with PVE in ten. Two-stage hepatectomy with or without PVE was the standard approach in patients with synchronous liver metastases. The operating mortality in hepatectomy for H3 disease was 0%, and the morbidity was 15.2%. The overall response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was 41.7% (5/12). Patients who responded to NAC (n=5) had a better prognosis than non-responders (n=7) ( P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Extended hepatectomy, including preoperative PVE and multi-step hepatectomy, combined with NAC, may result in a favourable prognosis, especially in patients who respond to NAC, but further studies with more patients are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimada
- Department of Surgery II, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004 Yokohama, Japan.
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