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Berkane Y, Hayau J, Filz von Reiterdank I, Kharga A, Charlès L, Mink van der Molen AB, Coert JH, Bertheuil N, Randolph MA, Cetrulo CL, Longchamp A, Lellouch AG, Uygun K. Supercooling: A Promising Technique for Prolonged Organ Preservation in Solid Organ Transplantation, and Early Perspectives in Vascularized Composite Allografts. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1269706. [PMID: 38682043 PMCID: PMC11052586 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1269706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Ex-vivo preservation of transplanted organs is undergoing spectacular advances. Machine perfusion is now used in common practice for abdominal and thoracic organ transportation and preservation, and early results are in favor of substantially improved outcomes. It is based on decreasing ischemia-reperfusion phenomena by providing physiological or sub-physiological conditions until transplantation. Alternatively, supercooling techniques involving static preservation at negative temperatures while avoiding ice formation have shown encouraging results in solid organs. Here, the rationale is to decrease the organ's metabolism and need for oxygen and nutrients, allowing for extended preservation durations. The aim of this work is to review all advances of supercooling in transplantation, browsing the literature for each organ. A specific objective was also to study the initial evidence, the prospects, and potential applications of supercooling preservation in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA). This complex entity needs a substantial effort to improve long-term outcomes, marked by chronic rejection. Improving preservation techniques is critical to ensure the favorable evolution of VCAs, and supercooling techniques could greatly participate in these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Berkane
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Sud, CHU Rennes, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- MOBIDIC, UMR INSERM 1236, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Justine Hayau
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Filz von Reiterdank
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Engineering for Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anil Kharga
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Engineering for Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Charlès
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abele B. Mink van der Molen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Henk Coert
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Bertheuil
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Sud, CHU Rennes, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- MOBIDIC, UMR INSERM 1236, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Mark A. Randolph
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Curtis L. Cetrulo
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Engineering for Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandre G. Lellouch
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Shriners Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Engineering for Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Transplant Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Blum K, Downs BW, Bagchi M, Kushner S, Morrison BS, Galvin J, Randsdorp K, Randsdorp J, Badgaiyan RD, Braverman ER, Bagchi D. Induction of homeostatic biological parameters in reward deficiency as a function of an iron-free multi-nutrient complex: Promoting hemoglobinization, aerobic metabolism, viral immuno-competence, and neuroinflammatory regulation. JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 7:10.15761/JSIN.1000234. [PMID: 35096420 PMCID: PMC8793786 DOI: 10.15761/jsin.1000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common neurological condition worldwide is Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) leading to both substance and non-substance addictive behaviors, that must be combatted by integrating both central nervous system and peripheral nervous system biological approaches. Integrity of hemoglobin is a crucial determining factor for the overall health functions. Nutrient repletion therapy should be a fundamental strategy to restore the healthy properties of blood. A unique patent-pending iron-free VMP35 formulation was engineered by our laboratory to restore iron-dependent hemoglobin in anemic cells using a proprietary Prodosome® absorption technology. This formulation, containing an array of nano-emulsified botanical ingredients rich in bioflavonoids, strengthens the structural integrity of connective tissues, and potentiates immune competence, cellular aerobic metabolism, and enhances efficient regulation of inflammatory events. We discuss the intricate aspects of strong vs. fragile immunity and consequential inflammatory responses to convey a deeper understanding of the varied and overly complex sequela of immunological behaviors and events. The effect of the VMP35 is mediated through highly absorbable nutritional/nutrigenomic repletion enabling improvements in the systemic set of functional behaviors. In fact, the iron-free VMP35 facilitates a "Systems Biology Approach" which restores hemoglobin status, reverses anaerobic hypoxia, improves competent immune responsivity, and regulates appropriate and controlled activation of general and neuro-inflammatory sequela. Under these pathogenic circumstances, iron-deficiency anemia has been misconceptualized, and a new nosological term, Chronic Anemia Syndrome, is proposed. The comparative therapeutic rationale of Reductionist vs. Systems Biology approaches is also explained in detail. METHODS The efficacy of the novel therapeutic iron-free VMP35 liquid nutraceutical is detailed in restoring iron-dependent hemoglobin to RBCs and boosting cellular morphology, viability, and immune competence, thereby reducing the need for prolonging inflammatory sequela. RESULTS This was demonstrated in a previous IRB approved multi-subject human study. In addition, two recent case studies report dramatic restorative benefits of nutrient repletion therapy of the VMP35 on subjects having experienced near-fatal events, which confirmed the findings explained in this manuscript. CONCLUSIONS This novel iron-free VMP35 modulates an array of homeostatic biological parameters such as enhanced hemoglobinization, aerobic metabolism, viral immuno-competence, and inflammatory regulation. Further research, examining mechanistic and beneficial effects in athletic performance, is in progress. Importantly, during these troubled immune challenging times, modulating an array of homeostatic immunological and inflammatory dysfunctions are tantamount to improved population outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Clinical investigation in a total of 38 subjects was conducted under an Institutional Review Board (IRB) from the Path Foundation in New York, NY (#13-009 April 25, 2013). The two case studies were done at Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, and Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Both studies were retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Graduate College, Western University, Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Bernard W Downs
- Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Department of R&D, Lederach, PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Galvin
- Vitality Medical Wellness Institute, PLLC, Charlotte, NC USA
| | | | | | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, ICHAN School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Department of R&D, Lederach, PA USA
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston college of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Yang Y, Wu G, Wu Z. Protective Effects of Functional Amino Acids on Apoptosis, Inflammatory Response, and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4915-4922. [PMID: 31001980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung injury is a complicated and lethal condition characterized by alveolar barrier disruption, pulmonary edema, enhanced inflammation, and apoptosis in alveoli. However, therapeutic strategies to ameliorate lung injury without exerting side effects are not available. Functional amino acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects under various conditions. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that arginine, glutamine, or glycine supplementation ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice. Mice pretreated with aerosolized arginine, glutamine, or glycine were exposed to aerosolized LPS to induce lung injury. Results showed that arginine or glycine pretreatment beneficially reduced LPS-induced collagen deposition, apoptosis of alveolar cells, expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissues of mice, thus contributing to improved alveolar integrity and function. Glutamine administration reduced LPS-induced collagen deposition and inflammatory cytokines without affecting any other parameters examined in the study. Our findings indicated that arginine or glycine pretreatment effectively alleviated LPS-induced lung injury by inhibiting the accumulation of lymphocytes, the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the apoptosis of alveolar cells. Supplementation of arginine or glycine may be a novel nutritional strategy to reduce deleterious effects of bacterial infection on alveolar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Da Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
- Department of Animal Science , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
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Circulating mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning: search for the missing link between non-lethal ischemia and cardioprotection. Oncotarget 2019; 10:216-244. [PMID: 30719216 PMCID: PMC6349428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There has been an extensive search for cardioprotective therapies to reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon that relies on the body's endogenous protective modalities against I/R injury. In RIPC, non-lethal brief I/R of one organ or tissue confers protection against subsequent lethal I/R injury in an organ remote to the briefly ischemic organ or tissue. Initially it was believed to be limited to direct myocardial protection, however it soon became apparent that RIPC applied to other organs such as kidney, liver, intestine, skeletal muscle can reduce myocardial infarct size. Intriguing discoveries have been made in extending the concept of RIPC to other organs than the heart. Over the years, the underlying mechanisms of RIPC have been widely sought and discussed. The involvement of blood-borne factors as mediators of RIPC has been suggested by a number of research groups. The main purpose of this review article is to summarize the possible circulating mediators of RIPC, and recent studies to establish the clinical efficacy of these mediators in cardioprotection from lethal I/R injury.
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José Alburquerque-Béjar J, Barba I, Valls-Lacalle L, Ruiz-Meana M, Pecoraro M, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, García-Dorado D. Remote ischemic conditioning provides humoural cross-species cardioprotection through glycine receptor activation. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:52-60. [PMID: 28069702 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) releases a humoural factor able to exert cross-species cardioprotection when plasma dialysate is applied to isolated hearts. However, the exact chemical nature of this factor is currently unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS RIC (4 × 5min femoral occlusion/5min reperfusion) was applied to 10 male pigs, and blood was taken before and after the manoeuvre. Discriminant analysis of 1H-NMR spectra (n = 10-12) obtained from plasma dialysates (12-14 kDa cut-off) allowed to demonstrate a different metabolic profile between control and postRIC samples, with lactate (2.671 ± 0.294 vs. 3.666 ± 0.291 μmol/mL, P = 0.020), succinate (0.062 ± 0.005 vs. 0.082 ± 0.008 μmol/mL, P = 0.035) and glycine (0.055 ± 0.009 vs. 0.471 ± 0.151 μmol/mL, P = 0.015) being the main responsible for such differences. Plasma dialysates were then given to isolated mice hearts submitted to global ischaemia (35 min) and reperfusion (60 min), for 30 min before ischaemia or during the first 15 min of reflow. Infarct size was significantly reduced when postRIC dialysate was applied before ischaemia as compared with hearts pretreated with control dialysate (44.81 ± 3.22 vs. 55.55 ± 2.53%, P = 0.012, n = 12). Blockade of glycine receptors with strychnine 10 μM inhibited the protective effect caused by pretreatment with postRIC dialysate (52.76 ± 6.94 vs. 51.92 ± 5.78%, P-NS, n = 5), whereas pretreatment with glycine 3 mmol/L, but not succinate 100 μmol/L, mimicked RIC protection (41.90 ± 4.50% in glycine-treated vs. 61.51 ± 5.16 and 64.73 ± 4.47% in succinate-treated and control hearts, respectively, P < 0.05, n = 4-7). CONCLUSIONS RIC releases glycine and exerts cross-species cardioprotection against infarction through glycine receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Alburquerque-Béjar
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Barba
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Valls-Lacalle
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michela Pecoraro
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David García-Dorado
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Lu Y, Zhang J, Ma B, Li K, Li X, Bai H, Yang Q, Zhu X, Ben J, Chen Q. Glycine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in mice. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:649-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Petrat F, Boengler K, Schulz R, de Groot H. Glycine, a simple physiological compound protecting by yet puzzling mechanism(s) against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: current knowledge. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2059-72. [PMID: 22044190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemia is amongst the leading causes of death. Despite this importance, there are only a few therapeutic approaches to protect from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In experimental studies, the amino acid glycine effectively protected from IRI. In the prevention of IRI by glycine in cells and isolated perfused or cold-stored organs (tissues), direct cytoprotection plays a crucial role, most likely by prevention of the formation of pathological plasma membrane pores. Under in vivo conditions, the mechanism of protection by glycine is less clear, partly due to the physiological presence of the amino acid. Here, inhibition of the inflammatory response in the injured tissue is considered to contribute decisively to the glycine-induced reduction of IRI. However, attenuation of IRI recently achieved in experimental animals by low-dose glycine treatment regimens suggests additional/other (unknown) protective mechanisms. Despite the convincing experimental evidence and the large therapeutic width of glycine, there are only a few clinical trials on the protection from IRI by glycine with ambivalent results. Thus, both the mechanism(s) behind the protection of glycine against IRI in vivo and its true clinical potential remain to be addressed in future experimental studies/clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Petrat
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Howard A, Hirst BH. The Glycine Transporter GLYT1 in Human Intestine: Expression and Function. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:784-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Howard
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
| | - Barry Hugo Hirst
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
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Glycine-induced cytoprotection is mediated by ERK1/2 and AKT in renal cells with ATP depletion. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 90:333-41. [PMID: 21122942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine receptor (GlyR) activation by glycine protects cells against ATP depletion. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To define signaling pathways responsible for the GlyR mediated cytoprotection, we examined the phosphorylation status of key kinases signaling pathways in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Our results indicated that growing the ATP-depleted MDCK cells in glycine-containing media increased the level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), Ets-like transcription factor-1 (Elk1), AKT, and Forkhead box O-class 1 (FoxO1), decreased the level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, while having little effect on the phosphorylation status of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2. Similar phosphorylation changes in these molecules took place in the GlyRα1 stably expressing HEK-293 cell. We also showed that treating MDCK cells with ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or AKT inhibitor LY294002 diminished cytoprotection against cell death by glycine, as determined by assessment of lactate dehydrogenase release and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide activity. In contrast, treatment with p38 inhibitor SB203580 enhanced the glycine-induced cytoprotection. Finally, RNAi-mediated silencing of GlyRα1 abolished the glycine-induced changes in phosphorylation status of the above kinases in ATP-depleted cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways are involved in the glycine-GlyR protection of MDCK cells against death induced by ATP depletion.
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Benko T, Frede S, Gu Y, Best J, Baba HA, Schlaak JF, de Groot H, Fandrey J, Rauen U. Glycine pretreatment ameliorates liver injury after partial hepatectomy in the rat. J INVEST SURG 2010; 23:12-20. [PMID: 20233000 DOI: 10.3109/08941930903469466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living donor liver transplantation subjects the donor to a major hepatectomy. Pharmacological or nutritive protection of the liver during the procedure is desirable to ensure that the remnant is able to maintain sufficient function. The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of pretreatments with alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), the flavonoid silibinin and/or the amino acid L-glycine on the donor in a rat model. METHODS Male Wistar rats were pretreated with L-glycine (5% in chow, 5 days), alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg body weight by gavage, 3 days) and/or silibinin (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p., 5 days). Thereafter, 90% partial hepatectomy was performed without portal vein clamping. RESULTS Glycine pretreatment markedly decreased transaminase release (AST, 12 hr: glycine 1292 +/- 192 U/L, control 2311 +/- 556 U/L, p < .05; ALT, 12 hr: glycine 1013 +/- 278 U/L, control 2038 +/- 500 U/L, p < .05), serum ALP activity and serum bilirubin levels (p < .05). Prothrombin time was reduced, and histologically, liver injury was also decreased in the glycine group. Silibinin pretreatment was less advantageous and pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol at this very high dose showed some adverse effects. Combined, i.e., triple pretreatment was less advantageous than glycine alone. Liver resection induced HIF-1alpha accumulation and HIF-1alpha accumulation was also decreased by glycine pretreatment. CONCLUSION The decrease of liver injury and improvement of liver function after pretreatment with glycine suggests that glycine pretreatment might be beneficial for living liver donors as well as for patients subjected to partial hepatectomy for other reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Benko
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Warnecke G, Schulze B, Steinkamp T, Haverich A, Klima U. Glycine application and right heart function in a porcine heart transplantation model. Transpl Int 2006; 19:218-24. [PMID: 16441771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycine reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury after experimental liver transplantation. We hypothesized that glycine might also protect right heart function in an isovolumic cardiac transplantation model. In six domestic donor pigs 150 ml of a 300 mmol L-glycine solution were administered intravenously. The hearts were then arrested with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution. Animals without prior glycine infusion served as controls (n = 6). After 4 h of ischemia, hearts were transplanted into recipients. An isovolumic model was used in which the right ventricular (RV) volume was controlled in vivo using an intracavitary high-compliance balloon. After 1 and 2 h of reperfusion the RV balloon volume was gradually increased and the developed pressures were recorded (P(developed) = P(systolic) - P(diastolic)). Right ventricular failure was defined as a decrease in developed intracavitary pressure. Glycine hearts could be loaded with a significantly increased volume after 1 h (glycine: 53 +/- 13.7 ml vs. control: 32 +/- 11.7 ml; P = 0.015) and after 2 h (67 +/- 18.6 ml vs. 43 +/- 8.2 ml; P = 0.018). Maximal RV developed pressures were not significantly different between groups. Postischemic RV end-diastolic compliance was significantly higher in glycine-treated animals (P = 0.04). Glycine protects early postischemic RV compliance, but has no important influence on maximal developed pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Warnecke
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Hong SK, Son H, Kim SW, Oh SJ, Choi H. Effect of glycine on recovery of bladder smooth muscle contractility after acute urinary retention in rats. BJU Int 2005; 96:1403-8. [PMID: 16287466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of glycine on the recovery of bladder smooth muscle contractility after acute urinary retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bladder overdistension was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by an infusion of saline (twice the threshold volume), maintained for 2 h. From 15 min before emptying of the bladder until 2 h after, saline or glycine solution was infused i.v. At 30 min, 2 h and 1 week after bladder emptying, samples of bladder tissue were taken for muscle strip study, malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, ATP assay, Western blotting for apoptosis-related molecules (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3), and histological analysis including terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labelling staining. The results were compared among normal control, saline-treated and glycine-treated rats. RESULTS In the glycine-treated group, muscle strip contractile responses induced by electrical-field stimulation and carbachol were both significantly greater at 1 week after bladder emptying than in the saline-treated group. The results of the ATP assay appeared to correspond with those of the muscle strip study. The saline-treated group had significantly higher MDA levels at 30 min after bladder emptying than the glycine-treated group. At 2 h after bladder emptying, there was significantly more apoptosis and greater leukocyte infiltration in the saline-treated group than in the glycine-treated group. While pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 were down-regulated, Bcl-2 was up-regulated in the glycine-treated group. CONCLUSION Glycine infusions might improve the contractile responses of bladder smooth muscle after acute urinary retention by reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung K Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rodriguez-Sinovas A, García-Dorado D, Pina P, Ruiz-Meana M, Soler-Soler J. Effect of sarcolemmal rupture on myocardial electrical impedance during oxygen deprivation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H1396-403. [PMID: 15498823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00768.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane disruption is a characteristic feature of cell death induced by hypoxia or ischemia. Here, we investigated whether analysis of tissue electrical impedance allows detection of ongoing cell membrane rupture and necrotic cell death in hypoxic or ischemic myocardium. Twenty-eight isolated rat hearts were submitted to 5 h of ischemia (n = 8) or hypoxia (n = 20). Myocardial electrical impedance and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were monitored. The time course of hypoxia-induced cell death was modified by altering pH (pH 7.4 or 6.4, 5 h) or by adding 3 or 10 mM glycine. Ischemia and hypoxia induced an increase in electrical impedance, followed by a plateau, and later a reduction. During hypoxia, LDH release started after a prolonged lapse of time (80.00 +/- 8.37 min at pH 7.4 and 122.50 +/- 11.82 min at pH 6.4). The onset of LDH release was followed by the onset of the late reduction in electrical impedance, and both were delayed by acidic pH (P < 0.05) and by glycine (P < 0.05). The times of onset of LDH release and of late electrical changes were significantly correlated (r = 0.752, P < 0.001). In separate experiments, induction of sarcolemmal rupture with Triton X-100 (n = 6) mimicked the late effects of ischemia or hypoxia on tissue impedance. The protective effects of glycine and acidosis on membrane disruption were confirmed (propidium iodide) in energy-deprived HL-1 cardiomyocytes. These results describe for the first time a late fall in electrical impedance in myocardium submitted to prolonged oxygen deprivation and demonstrate that this fall allows detection of ongoing cell necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas
- Laboratorio de Investigación Cardiovascular, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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