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Ahmed A, Bibi A, Valoti M, Fusi F. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone: Friends or Foes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12081196. [PMID: 37190105 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue that surrounds most mammalian blood vessels. PVAT is a metabolically active, endocrine organ capable of regulating blood vessel tone, endothelium function, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation, and contributing critically to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. In the context of vascular tone regulation, under physiological conditions, PVAT exerts a potent anticontractile effect by releasing a plethora of vasoactive substances, including NO, H2S, H2O2, prostacyclin, palmitic acid methyl ester, angiotensin 1-7, adiponectin, leptin, and omentin. However, under certain pathophysiological conditions, PVAT exerts pro-contractile effects by decreasing the production of anticontractile and increasing that of pro-contractile factors, including superoxide anion, angiotensin II, catecholamines, prostaglandins, chemerin, resistin, and visfatin. The present review discusses the regulatory effect of PVAT on vascular tone and the factors involved. In this scenario, dissecting the precise role of PVAT is a prerequisite to the development of PVAT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aasia Bibi
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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2
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A Phytoprostane from Gracilaria longissima Increases Platelet Activation, Platelet Adhesion to Leukocytes and Endothelial Cell Migration by Potential Binding to EP3 Prostaglandin Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032730. [PMID: 36769052 PMCID: PMC9916792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) are lipid oxidative stress mediators that share structural similarities with mammal prostaglandins (PGs). They have been demonstrated to modulate inflammatory processes mediated by prostaglandins. The present study aims to test the effects of the most abundant oxylipin from Gracilaria longissima, ent-9-D1t-Phytoprostane (9-D1t-PhytoP), on platelet activation and vascular cells as well as clarify possible interactions with platelets and the endothelial EP3 receptor Platelet and monocyte activation was assessed by flow cytometry in the presence of purified 9-D1t-PhytoP. Cell migration was studied using the human Ea.hy926 cell line by performing a scratch wound healing assay. The RNA expression of inflammatory markers was evaluated by RT-PCR under inflammatory conditions. Blind docking consensus was applied to the study of the interactions of selected ligands against the EP3 receptor protein. The 9D1t-PhytoP exerts several pharmacological effects; these include prothrombotic and wound-healing properties. In endothelial cells, 9D1t-PhytP mimics the migration stimulus of PGE2. Computational analysis revealed that 9D1t-PhytP forms a stable complex with the hydrophobic pocket of the EP3 receptor by interaction with the same residues as misoprostol and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thus supporting its potential as an EP3 agonist. The potential to form procoagulant platelets and the higher endothelial migration rate of the 9-D1t-PhytoP, together with its capability to interact with PGE2 main target receptor in platelets suggest herein that this oxylipin could be a strong candidate for pharmaceutical research from a multitarget perspective.
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3
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Zhu WM, Neuhaus A, Beard DJ, Sutherland BA, DeLuca GC. Neurovascular coupling mechanisms in health and neurovascular uncoupling in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2022; 145:2276-2292. [PMID: 35551356 PMCID: PMC9337814 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To match the metabolic demands of the brain, mechanisms have evolved to couple neuronal activity to vasodilation, thus increasing local cerebral blood flow and delivery of oxygen and glucose to active neurons. Rather than relying on metabolic feedback signals such as the consumption of oxygen or glucose, the main signalling pathways rely on the release of vasoactive molecules by neurons and astrocytes, which act on contractile cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes are the contractile cells associated with arterioles and capillaries, respectively, which relax and induce vasodilation. Much progress has been made in understanding the complex signalling pathways of neurovascular coupling, but issues such as the contributions of capillary pericytes and astrocyte calcium signal remain contentious. Study of neurovascular coupling mechanisms is especially important as cerebral blood flow dysregulation is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease. In this article we will discuss developments and controversies in the understanding of neurovascular coupling and finish by discussing current knowledge concerning neurovascular uncoupling in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston M Zhu
- Oxford Medical School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ain Neuhaus
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Beard
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Liu N, Tang J, Xue Y, Mok V, Zhang M, Ren X, Wang Y, Fu J. EP3 Receptor Deficiency Improves Vascular Remodeling and Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:313-328. [PMID: 35111376 PMCID: PMC8782563 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and hypertension are major risk factors for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Anti-hypertensive therapy has achieved effective; however, incomplete results in treating CSVD, suggesting the need for additional treatments. Targeting abnormal inflammatory responses has become a topic of research interest. Small artery remodeling is the main pathological feature of CSVD. Inhibition of the E-prostanoid 3 (EP3) receptor has been shown to attenuate vascular remodeling in peripheral organs; however, little is known about its role in CSVD. Therefore, we investigated whether the deletion of EP3 attenuates the development of CSVD in an animal model-- stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat (RHRsp). We found that the cerebral small arteries of RHRsp exhibited increased EP3 expression. Despite no alleviation of hypertension, the deletion of EP3 still attenuated the cerebral small artery remodeling of RHRsp, as evidenced by reduced overexpression of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vessel. In vitro experiments indicated that EP3 deletion regulated the expression of ECM by downregulating TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Furthermore, the Morris water maze test and magnetic resonance test demonstrated that EP3 knockout attenuated cognitive impairment of the RHRsp, possibly through increased cerebral blood flow. Together, our results indicate that the deletion of EP3 attenuates vascular remodeling and vascular cognitive impairment induced by hypertension, and blockade of the EP3 receptor may be a promising strategy for the treatment of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Vincent Mok
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, North Huashan hospital, Fudan University, No.108 Lu Xiang Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue Ren
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jianhui Fu, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. ; Dr. Yilong Wang, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Jianhui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jianhui Fu, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. ; Dr. Yilong Wang, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
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Zhou Y, Khan H, Xiao J, Cheang WS. Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12029. [PMID: 34769460 PMCID: PMC8584625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is released by phospholipids in cell membranes and metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and lipid oxygenase (LOX) pathways to regulate complex cardiovascular function under physiological and pathological conditions. Various AA metabolites include prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. The AA metabolites play important and differential roles in the modulation of vascular tone, and cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction upon actions to different receptors and vascular beds. This article reviews the roles of AA metabolism in cardiovascular health and disease as well as their potential therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
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6
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G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and Ischemic Stroke: a Focus on Molecular Function and Therapeutic Potential. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4588-4614. [PMID: 34120294 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke, there is only one approved drug, tissue plasminogen activator, to be used in clinical conditions for thrombolysis. New neuroprotective therapies for ischemic stroke are desperately needed. Several targets and pathways have been shown to confer neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most frequently targeted receptors for developing novel therapeutics for central nervous system disorders. GPCRs are a large family of cell surface receptors that response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. GPCRs are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. More than 90% of the identified non-sensory GPCRs are expressed in the brain, where they play important roles in regulating mood, pain, vision, immune responses, cognition, and synaptic transmission. There is also good evidence that GPCRs are implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. This review narrates the pathophysiological role and possible targeted therapy of GPCRs in ischemic stroke.
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7
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Martens MD, Fernando AS, Gordon JW. A new trick for an old dog? Myocardial-specific roles for prostaglandins as mediators of ischemic injury and repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2169-H2184. [PMID: 33861147 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00872.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The small lipid-derived paracrine signaling molecules known as prostaglandins have been recognized for their ability to modulate many facets of cardiovascular physiology since their initial discovery more than 85 years ago. Although the role of prostaglandins in the vasculature has gained significant attention across time, a handful of historical studies have also directly implicated the cardiomyocyte in both prostaglandin synthesis and release. Recently, our understanding of how prostaglandin receptor modulation impacts and contributes to myocardial structure and function has gained attention while leaving most other components of myocardial prostaglandin metabolism and signaling unexplored. This mini-review highlights both the key historical studies that underpin modern prostaglandin research in the heart, while concurrently presenting the latest findings related to how prostaglandin metabolism and signaling impact myocardial injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Martens
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy S Fernando
- The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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8
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Tantengco OAG, Menon R. Contractile function of the cervix plays a role in normal and pathological pregnancy and parturition. Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110336. [PMID: 33049595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cervix plays an integral part in ensuring the proper timing of pregnancy and parturition. It maintains the fetus within the uterus and protects it from pathogens present in the vaginal canal. The cervix undergoes extensive remodeling during pregnancy and parturition. This process is associated with collagen degradation, an increase in immune cell response and inflammation in the cervix. However, our understanding of the role of cervical smooth muscles and their contribution to cervical remodeling is still lacking. In this paper, we propose that the active contractile function of the cervix influences cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition. Contraction of the cervical smooth muscles helps the cervix to remain firm and closed during early pregnancy, while relaxation of the cervical smooth muscles help facilitate cervical dilatation during labor. This contractile function of the cervix can be influenced by endocrine signals, such as estrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin; local paracrine signals, such as inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, as well as extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and ectosomes; and by pharmacological agents used for cervical ripening and the induction of labor. A deeper understanding of the role of smooth muscles in cervical remodeling can help us elucidate the cellular processes in the cervix during pregnancy and parturition. This can also help in finding critical signaling pathways and therapeutic targets in the cervix that may decrease the rates of premature cervical ripening and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourlad Alzeus G Tantengco
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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9
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Quelhas P, Baltazar G, Cairrao E. The Neurovascular Unit: Focus on the Regulation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:502-515. [PMID: 31738142 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191026122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit is a physiological unit present in the brain, which is constituted by elements of the nervous system (neurons and astrocytes) and the vascular system (endothelial and mural cells). This unit is responsible for the homeostasis and regulation of cerebral blood flow. There are two major types of mural cells in the brain, pericytes and smooth muscle cells. At the arterial level, smooth muscle cells are the main components that wrap around the outside of cerebral blood vessels and the major contributors to basal tone maintenance, blood pressure and blood flow distribution. They present several mechanisms by which they regulate both vasodilation and vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels and their regulation becomes even more important in situations of injury or pathology. In this review, we discuss the main regulatory mechanisms of brain smooth muscle cells and their contributions to the correct brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Quelhas
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Graça Baltazar
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigacao em Ciencias da Saude, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
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10
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Tran CHT, George AG, Teskey GC, Gordon GR. Seizures elevate gliovascular unit Ca2+ and cause sustained vasoconstriction. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136469. [PMID: 33004688 PMCID: PMC7566700 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures can result in a severe hypoperfusion/hypoxic attack that causes postictal memory and behavioral impairments. However, neither postictal changes to microvasculature nor Ca2+ changes in key cell types controlling blood perfusion have been visualized in vivo, leaving essential components of the underlying cellular mechanisms unclear. Here, we use 2-photon microvascular and Ca2+ imaging in awake mice to show that seizures result in a robust vasoconstriction of cortical penetrating arterioles, which temporally mirrors the prolonged postictal hypoxia. The vascular effect was dependent on cyclooxygenase 2, as pretreatment with ibuprofen prevented postictal vasoconstriction. Moreover, seizures caused a rapid elevation in astrocyte endfoot Ca2+ that was confined to the seizure period, and vascular smooth muscle cells displayed a significant increase in Ca2+ both during and following seizures, lasting up to 75 minutes. Our data show enduring postictal vasoconstriction and temporal activities of 2 cell types within the neurovascular unit that are associated with seizure-induced hypoperfusion/hypoxia. These findings support prevention of this event may be a novel and tractable treatment strategy in patients with epilepsy who experience extended postseizure impairments. Seizures cause enduring microvascular constriction via long lasting calcium elevations in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam Ha T Tran
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Antis G George
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grant R Gordon
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Sun X, Li Q. Prostaglandin EP2 receptor: Novel therapeutic target for human cancers (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1203-1214. [PMID: 29956743 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 2 subtype (EP2), which is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that binds with and regulates cellular responses to PGE2, is associated with numerous physiological and pathological events in a wide range of tissues. As a stimulatory G protein‑coupled receptor, PGE2‑induced EP2 activation can activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cytoplasmic cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A. The EP2 receptor can also activate the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β‑catenin pathways. The present study aimed to review the roles of the EP2 receptor in tumor development, including immunity, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis and multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the involvement of the EP2 receptor signaling pathway in cancer was discussed. Understanding the role and mechanisms of action of the EP2 receptor, and its importance in targeted therapy, may help identify novel methods to improve management of numerous types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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12
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Taylor EJA, Pantazaka E, Shelley KL, Taylor CW. Prostaglandin E 2 Inhibits Histamine-Evoked Ca 2+ Release in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells through Hyperactive cAMP Signaling Junctions and Protein Kinase A. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:533-545. [PMID: 28877931 PMCID: PMC5635517 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In human aortic smooth muscle cells, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates adenylyl cyclase (AC) and attenuates the increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration evoked by activation of histamine H1 receptors. The mechanisms are not resolved. We show that cAMP mediates inhibition of histamine-evoked Ca2+ signals by PGE2. Exchange proteins activated by cAMP were not required, but the effects were attenuated by inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PGE2 had no effect on the Ca2+ signals evoked by protease-activated receptors, heterologously expressed muscarinic M3 receptors, or by direct activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors by photolysis of caged IP3. The rate of Ca2+ removal from the cytosol was unaffected by PGE2, but PGE2 attenuated histamine-evoked IP3 accumulation. Substantial inhibition of AC had no effect on the concentration-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ signals by PGE2 or butaprost (to activate EP2 receptors selectively), but it modestly attenuated responses to EP4 receptors, activation of which generated less cAMP than EP2 receptors. We conclude that inhibition of histamine-evoked Ca2+ signals by PGE2 occurs through “hyperactive signaling junctions,” wherein cAMP is locally delivered to PKA at supersaturating concentrations to cause uncoupling of H1 receptors from phospholipase C. This sequence allows digital signaling from PGE2 receptors, through cAMP and PKA, to histamine-evoked Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J A Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelia Pantazaka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L Shelley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Kim MW, Jiao HY, Kim SW, Park CG, Wu MJ, Hong C, Choi S, Jun JY. Prostanoid EP3 receptor agonist sulprostone enhances pacemaker activity of colonic interstitial cells of Cajal. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:961-969. [PMID: 28685234 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
EP receptor activation by PGE2 regulates gastrointestinal motility by modulating smooth muscle contractility. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells that regulate smooth muscle activity. We aimed to determine effects of the EP3 receptor agonist sulprostone on pacemaker potentials in colonic ICCs. We performed a whole cell patch clamp, RT-PCR, and Ca2+ imaging in cultured ICCs from mouse colon. Sulprostone depolarized the membrane and increased pacemaker frequency. EP3 receptor antagonist blocked these sulprostone-induced effects. EP3 receptors were expressed in ANO1-positive ICCs. Phospholipase C inhibitor or Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor from the endoplasmic reticulum blocked the sulprostone-induced effects and sulprostone increased intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillations. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blockers also suppressed the sulprostone-induced effects. Sulprostone enhanced pacemaker activity through EP3 receptors by activating HCN channels via the [Ca2+]i release pathway. Therefore, EP3 receptor activation in ICCs may modulate colonic motility and could be a therapeutic target for enhancing colonic GI motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Han Yi Jiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-375, South Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chan Guk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mei Jin Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-375, South Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-375, South Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-375, South Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-375, South Korea.
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14
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Villéga F, Delpech JC, Griton M, André C, Franconi JM, Miraux S, Konsman JP. Circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation reduces flow in brain-irrigating arteries independently from cerebrovascular prostaglandin production. Neuroscience 2017; 346:160-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Farrell JS, Gaxiola-Valdez I, Wolff MD, David LS, Dika HI, Geeraert BL, Rachel Wang X, Singh S, Spanswick SC, Dunn JF, Antle MC, Federico P, Teskey GC. Postictal behavioural impairments are due to a severe prolonged hypoperfusion/hypoxia event that is COX-2 dependent. eLife 2016; 5:e19352. [PMID: 27874832 PMCID: PMC5154758 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are often followed by sensory, cognitive or motor impairments during the postictal phase that show striking similarity to transient hypoxic/ischemic attacks. Here we show that seizures result in a severe hypoxic attack confined to the postictal period. We measured brain oxygenation in localized areas from freely-moving rodents and discovered a severe hypoxic event (pO2 < 10 mmHg) after the termination of seizures. This event lasted over an hour, is mediated by hypoperfusion, generalizes to people with epilepsy, and is attenuated by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 or L-type calcium channels. Using inhibitors of these targets we separated the seizure from the resulting severe hypoxia and show that structure specific postictal memory and behavioral impairments are the consequence of this severe hypoperfusion/hypoxic event. Thus, epilepsy is much more than a disease hallmarked by seizures, since the occurrence of postictal hypoperfusion/hypoxia results in a separate set of neurological consequences that are currently not being treated and are preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Farrell
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ismael Gaxiola-Valdez
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marshal D Wolff
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Laurence S David
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Haruna I Dika
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Bryce L Geeraert
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - X Rachel Wang
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shaily Singh
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Simon C Spanswick
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jeff F Dunn
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael C Antle
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paolo Federico
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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16
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Uekawa K, Koizumi K, Hwang J, Brunier N, Hattori Y, Zhou P, Park L. Obligatory Role of EP1 Receptors in the Increase in Cerebral Blood Flow Produced by Hypercapnia in the Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163329. [PMID: 27657726 PMCID: PMC5033465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercapnia induces potent vasodilation in the cerebral circulation. Although it has long been known that prostanoids participate in the cerebrovascular effects of hypercapnia, the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors have not been fully investigated. In this study, we sought to determine whether cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-derived PGE2 and EP1 receptors are involved in the cerebrovascular response induced by hypercapnia. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was recorded by laser-Doppler flowmetry in the somatosenasory cortex of anesthetized male EP1-/- mice and wild type (WT) littermates. In WT mice, neocortical application of the EP1 receptor antagonist SC-51089 attenuated the increase in CBF elicited by systemic hypercapnia (pCO2 = 50-60 mmHg). SC-51089 also attenuated the increase in CBF produced by neocortical treatment of arachidonic acid or PGE2. These CBF responses were also attenuated in EP1-/- mice. In WT mice, the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560, but not the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, attenuated the hypercapnic CBF increase. Neocortical application of exogenous PGE2 restored the attenuation in resting CBF and the hypercapnic response induced by SC-560. In contrast, exogenous PGE2 failed to rescue the attenuation both in WT mice induced by SC-51089 and EP1-/- mice, attesting to the obligatory role of EP1 receptors in the response. These findings indicate that the hypercapnic vasodilatation depends on COX-1-derived PGE2 acting on EP1 receptors and highlight the critical role that COX-1-derived PGE2 and EP1 receptors play in the hypercapnic regulation of the cerebral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Uekawa
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Kenzo Koizumi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Jason Hwang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Brunier
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Theiler A, Konya V, Pasterk L, Maric J, Bärnthaler T, Lanz I, Platzer W, Schuligoi R, Heinemann A. The EP1/EP3 receptor agonist 17-pt-PGE 2 acts as an EP4 receptor agonist on endothelial barrier function and in a model of LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:180-189. [PMID: 27664754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory conditions. We recently demonstrated that prostaglandin (PG)E2 enhances the resistance of pulmonary endothelium in vitro and counteracts lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo via EP4 receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the EP1/EP3 receptor agonist 17-phenyl-trinor-(pt)-PGE2 on acute lung inflammation in a mouse model. In LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice, 17-pt-PGE2 reduced neutrophil infiltration and inhibited vascular leakage. These effects were unaltered by an EP1 antagonist, but reversed by EP4 receptor antagonists. 17-pt-PGE2 increased the resistance of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and prevented thrombin-induced disruption of endothelial junctions. Again, these effects were not mediated via EP1 or EP3 but through activation of the EP4 receptor, as demonstrated by the lack of effect of more selective EP1 and EP3 receptor agonists, prevention of these effects by EP4 antagonists and EP4 receptor knock-down by siRNA. In contrast, the aggregation enhancing effect of 17-pt-PGE2 in human platelets was mediated via EP3 receptors. Our results demonstrate that 17-pt-PGE2 enhances the endothelial barrier in vitro on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and accordingly ameliorates the recruitment of neutrophils, via EP4 receptors in vivo. This suggests a beneficial effect of 17-pt-PGE2 on pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Theiler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Pasterk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Jovana Maric
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ilse Lanz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Platzer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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18
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Dalvi S, Nguyen HH, On N, Mitchell RW, Aukema HM, Miller DW, Hatch GM. Exogenous arachidonic acid mediates permeability of human brain microvessel endothelial cells through prostaglandin E2 activation of EP3 and EP4 receptors. J Neurochem 2015; 135:867-79. [PMID: 25865705 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier, formed by microvessel endothelial cells, is the restrictive barrier between the brain parenchyma and the circulating blood. Arachidonic acid (ARA; 5,8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid) is a conditionally essential polyunsaturated fatty acid [20:4(n-6)] and is a major constituent of brain lipids. The current study examined the transport processes for ARA in confluent monolayers of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Addition of radioactive ARA to the apical compartment of HBMEC cultured on Transwell(®) inserts resulted in rapid incorporation of radioactivity into the basolateral medium. Knock down of fatty acid transport proteins did not alter ARA passage into the basolateral medium as a result of the rapid generation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), an eicosanoid known to facilitate opening of the blood-brain barrier. Permeability following ARA or PGE2 exposure was confirmed by an increased movement of fluorescein-labeled dextran from apical to basolateral medium. ARA-mediated permeability was attenuated by specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. EP3 and EP4 receptor antagonists attenuated the ARA-mediated permeability of HBMEC. The results indicate that ARA increases permeability of HBMEC monolayers likely via increased production of PGE2 which acts upon EP3 and EP4 receptors to mediate permeability. These observations may explain the rapid influx of ARA into the brain previously observed upon plasma infusion with ARA. The blood-brain barrier, formed by microvessel endothelial cells, is a restrictive barrier between the brain parenchyma and the circulating blood. Radiolabeled arachidonic acid (ARA) movement across, and monolayer permeability in the presence of ARA, was examined in confluent monolayers of primary human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) cultured on Transwell(®) plates. Incubation of HBMECs with ARA resulted in a rapid increase in HBMEC monolayer permeability. The mechanism was mediated, in part, through increased prostaglandin E2 production from ARA which acted upon EP3 and EP4 receptors to increase HBMEC monolayer permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Dalvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hieu H Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ngoc On
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan W Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Human Nutritional Sciences, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Donald W Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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19
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Pantazaka E, Taylor EJA, Bernard WG, Taylor CW. Ca(2+) signals evoked by histamine H1 receptors are attenuated by activation of prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1624-34. [PMID: 23638853 PMCID: PMC3724117 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histamine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), directly and via their effects on other cells, regulate the behaviour of vascular smooth muscle (VSM), but their effects on human VSM are incompletely resolved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PGE2 on histamine-evoked changes in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ]i ) and adenylyl cyclase activity were measured in populations of cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Selective ligands of histamine and EP receptors were used to identify the receptors that mediate the responses. KEY RESULTS Histamine, via H1 receptors, stimulates an increase in [Ca(2+) ]i that is entirely mediated by activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Selective stimulation of EP2 or EP4 receptors attenuates histamine-evoked Ca(2+) signals, but the effects of PGE2 on both Ca(2+) signals and AC activity are largely mediated by EP2 receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Two important inflammatory mediators, histamine via H1 receptors and PGE2 acting largely via EP2 receptors, exert opposing effects on [Ca(2+) ]i in human ASMCs.
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20
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Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Chen PY, Tsai APY, Chen MF, Kuo JS, Lee TJF. L-type calcium channels in sympathetic α3β2-nAChR-mediated cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:544-58. [PMID: 24825168 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nicotine stimulation of α3β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α3β2-nAChRs) located on sympathetic nerves innervating basilar arteries causes calcium-dependent noradrenaline release, leading to activation of parasympathetic nitrergic nerves and dilation of basilar arteries. This study aimed to investigate the major subtype of calcium channels located on cerebral peri-vascular sympathetic nerves, which is involved in nicotine-induced α3β2-nAChR-mediated nitrergic vasodilation in basilar arteries. METHODS Nicotine- and transmural nerve stimulation (TNS)-induced dilation of isolated porcine basilar arteries was examined using in vitro tissue bath. Nicotine-induced calcium influx, nicotine-induced noradrenaline release and nicotine-induced inward currents were evaluated in rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurones, peri-vascular sympathetic nerves of porcine basilar arteries and α3β2-nAChRs-expressing oocytes respectively. mRNA and protein expression of Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 channels were detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Nicotine-induced vasodilation was not affected by ω-agatoxin TK (selective P/Q-type calcium channel blocker) or ω-conotoxin GVIA (N-type calcium channel blocker). The vasodilation, however, was inhibited by nicardipine (L-type calcium channel blocker) in concentrations which did not affect TNS-induced vasodilation, suggesting the specific blockade. Nicardipine concentration-dependently inhibited nicotine-induced calcium influx in rat SCG neurones and reduced nicotine-induced noradrenaline release from peri-vascular sympathetic nerves of porcine basilar arteries. Nicardipine (10 μm), which significantly blocked nicotine-induced vasorelaxation by 70%, did not appreciably affect nicotine-induced inward currents in α3β2-nAChRs-expressing oocytes. Furthermore, the mRNAs and proteins of Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 channels were expressed in porcine SCG and peri-vascular nerve terminals. CONCLUSION The sympathetic neuronal calcium influx through L-type calcium channels is modulated by α3β2-nAChRs. This calcium influx causes noradrenaline release, initiating sympathetic-parasympathetic (axo-axonal) interaction-induced nitrergic dilation of porcine basilar arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Y.-C. Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Center for Vascular Medicine; College of Life Sciences; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - R. H.-C. Lee
- Center for Vascular Medicine; College of Life Sciences; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - P.-Y. Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
| | - A. P.-Y. Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Center for Vascular Medicine; College of Life Sciences; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - M.-F. Chen
- Center for Vascular Medicine; College of Life Sciences; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
| | - J.-S. Kuo
- Center for Vascular Medicine; College of Life Sciences; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
| | - T. J.-F. Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Center for Vascular Medicine; College of Life Sciences; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan. Department of Pharmacology; Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; Springfield IL USA
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21
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Bradykinin induces NO and PGF2α production via B2 receptor activation from cultured porcine basilar arterial endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:697-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents recent findings on the role of prostaglandins in migraine pathophysiology. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental studies have shown that prostaglandins are distributed in the trigeminal-vascular system and its receptors are localized in the trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Prostaglandins were found in smooth muscles of cranial arteries, and functional studies in vivo showed that prostaglandins induced dilatation of cranial vessels. Human studies showed that intravenous infusion of vasodilating prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂) and prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) induced headache and dilatation of intra-cranial and extra-cranial arteries in healthy volunteers. In contrast, infusion of non-dilating prostaglandin F₂α (PGF₂α) caused no headache or any vascular responses in cranial arteries. PGE₂ and PGI₂ triggered migraine-like attacks in migraine patients without aura, accompanied by dilatation of the intra-cerebral and extra-cerebral arteries. A novel EP4 receptor antagonist could not prevent PGE₂-induced headache in healthy volunteers. SUMMARY Recent in-vitro/in-vivo data demonstrated presence and action of prostaglandins within the trigeminal pain pathways. Migraine induction after intravenous administration of PGE₂ and PGI₂ suggests a specific blockade of their receptors, EP and IP respectively, as a new potential drug target for the acute treatment of migraine.
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23
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Kida T, Sawada K, Kobayashi K, Hori M, Ozaki H, Murata T. Diverse effects of prostaglandin E₂ on vascular contractility. Heart Vessels 2013; 29:390-5. [PMID: 23748433 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-013-0374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) is a major prostanoid produced under inflammatory situations. There have been controversial reports showing contractile or relaxant effect of PGE₂ on vascular tone in various types of blood vessels. Thus, it is still elusive whether and how PGE₂ modulates vascular tone. We here assessed the effects of PGE₂ on vascular contractility using different types of vasculatures isolated form rat. In endothelium-denuded aortas and mesenteric arteries, PGE₂ (1 nM-10 μM) concentration-dependently enhanced the contraction elicited by K(+) (35.4 mM) or norepinephrine (10 nM). In pulmonary arteries, PGE₂ did not alter the both-induced contraction. Tail arteries were relaxed by a low dose of PGE₂ (1-100 nM), but this response shifted to contraction by the higher dose of PGE₂ (300 nM-10 μM). There are four types of PGE₂ receptors EP1-4. RT-PCR showed that aortas and mesenteric arteries abundantly expressed EP3, while tail arteries abundantly expressed EP4. We next revealed that selective EP3 agonism enhanced the contraction in mesenteric arteries, whereas EP4 agonism induced relaxation in tail arteries. Taken together, PGE₂ causes different contractile responses depending on the type of vascular bed. This phenomenon may be due to the difference in expression pattern and activity of EP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kida
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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24
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Zhou J, Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Botvinick E, George SC. Adenosine A(1) and prostaglandin E receptor 3 receptors mediate global airway contraction after local epithelial injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:299-305. [PMID: 23221044 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0174oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial injury and airway hyperresponsiveness are prominent features of asthma. We have previously demonstrated that laser ablation of single epithelial cells immediately induces global airway constriction through Ca(2+)-dependent smooth muscle shortening. The response is mediated by soluble mediators released from wounded single epithelial cells; however, the soluble mediators and signaling mechanisms have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the nature of the epithelial-derived soluble mediators and the associated signaling pathways that lead to the L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VGCC)-mediated Ca(2+) influx. We found that inhibition of adenosine A1 receptors (or removal of adenosine with adenosine deaminase), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 or prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3) receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) all significantly blocked Ca(2+) oscillations in smooth muscle cells and airway contraction induced by local epithelial injury. Using selective agonists to activate the receptors in the presence and absence of selective receptor antagonists, we found that adenosine activated the signaling pathway A1R→EGFR/PDGFR→COX-2→EP3→VGCCs→calcium-induced calcium release, leading to intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in airway smooth muscle cells and airway constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2420 Engineering Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
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25
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Kozłowska H, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Schlicker E, Kozłowski M, Zakrzeska A, Grzęda E, Malinowska B. EP3 receptor-mediated contraction of human pulmonary arteries and inhibition of neurogenic tachycardia in pithed rats. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1526-36. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Distinct roles of central and peripheral prostaglandin E2 and EP subtypes in blood pressure regulation. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:1042-9. [PMID: 22695507 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is a major prostanoid with a wide variety of biological activities. PGE(2) can influence blood pressure (BP) both positively and negatively. In particular, centrally administered PGE(2) induces hypertension whereas systemic administration of PGE(2) produces a hypotensive effect. These physiologically opposing effects are generated by the existence of multiple EP receptors, namely EP(1-4), which are G protein-coupled receptors with distinct signaling properties. This review highlights the distinct roles of PGE(2) in BP regulation and the involvement of specific EP receptor subtypes.
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27
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Harland DR, Lorenz LD, Fay K, Dunn BE, Gruenloh SK, Narayanan J, Jacobs ER, Medhora M. Acute effects of prostaglandin E1 and E2 on vascular reactivity and blood flow in situ in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 87:79-89. [PMID: 22858445 PMCID: PMC3839254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) subserves gas exchange in the developing embryo and shell-less culture affords a unique opportunity for direct observations over time of individual blood vessels to pharmacologic interventions. We tested a number of lipids including prostaglandins PGE(1&2) for vascular effects and signaling in the CAM. Application of PGE(1&2) induced a decrease in the diameter of large blood vessels and a concentration-dependent, localized, reversible loss of blood flow through small vessels. The loss of flow was also mimicked by misoprostol, an agonist for 3 of 4 known PGE receptors, EP(2-4), and by U46619, a thromboxane mimetic. Selective receptor antagonists for EP(3) and thromboxane each partially blocked the response. This is a first report of the effects of prostaglandins on vasoreactivity in the CAM. Our model allows the unique ability to examine simultaneous responses of large and small vessels in real time and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Alprostadil/antagonists & inhibitors
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Blood Vessels/drug effects
- Blood Vessels/physiology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/metabolism
- Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Microsomes/drug effects
- Microsomes/metabolism
- Misoprostol/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Receptors, Thromboxane/agonists
- Receptors, Thromboxane/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Thromboxane/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Xanthones/pharmacology
- alpha-Linolenic Acid/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Harland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - L D Lorenz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - K Fay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - B E Dunn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee WI 53295
| | - S K Gruenloh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - J Narayanan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - E R Jacobs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee WI 53295
| | - M Medhora
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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28
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Ishida K, Matsumoto T, Taguchi K, Kamata K, Kobayashi T. Protein kinase C delta contributes to increase in EP3 agonist-induced contraction in mesenteric arteries from type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:593-602. [PMID: 22371141 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), an important and ubiquitously present vasoactive eicosanoid, may either constrict or dilate systemic vascular beds. However, little is known about the vascular contractile responsiveness to and signaling pathways for PGE(2) at the chronic stage of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that PGE(2)-induced arterial contraction is augmented in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats via the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) pathway. Here, we investigated the vasoconstrictor effects of PGE(2) and of sulprostone (EP1-/EP3-receptor agonist) in rings cut from superior mesenteric arteries isolated from GK rats (37-44 weeks old). In arteries from GK rats (vs. those from age-matched Wistar rats), examined in the presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: 1) the PGE(2)- and sulprostone-induced vasocontractions (which were not blocked by the selective EP1 receptor antagonist sc19220) were enhanced, and these enhancements were suppressed by rottlerin (selective PKCδ inhibitor) but not by Gö6976 (selective PKCα/β inhibitor); 2) the sulprostone-stimulated phosphorylation of PKCδ (at Thr(505)), which yields an active form, was increased and 3) sulprostone-stimulated caldesmon phosphorylations, which are related to isometric force generation in smooth muscle, were increased. The protein expression of EP3 receptor in superior mesenteric arteries was similar between the two groups of rats. Our data suggest that the diabetes-related enhancement of EP3 receptor-mediated vasocontraction results from activation of the PKCδ pathway. Alterations in EP3 receptor-mediated vasocontraction may be important factors in the pathophysiological influences over arterial tone that are present in diabetic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Xiang L, Lu S, Fuller W, Aneja A, Russell GV, Jones LB, Hester R. Impaired blood pressure recovery to hemorrhage in obese Zucker rats with orthopedic trauma. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H340-8. [PMID: 22003055 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00439.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that obese Zucker rats with orthopedic trauma (OZT) exhibit a loss of arteriolar tone in skeletal muscle. We hypothesize that the loss of arteriolar tone in OZT blunts vasoconstrictor responses to hemorrhage, resulting in an impaired blood pressure recovery. Orthopedic trauma was induced with soft tissue injury and local injection of bone components in both hindlimbs in lean (LZT) and OZT (11-13 wk). One day after the orthopedic trauma, blood pressure responses following hemorrhage were measured in conscious control lean, control obese, LZT, and OZT. In another set of experiments, the spinotrapezius muscle of control and trauma animals was prepared for microcirculatory observation. Arteriolar responses to phenylephrine (PE) or hemorrhage were determined. Hemorrhage resulted in similar blood pressure responses in control animals and LZT, but the blood pressure recovery following hemorrhage was blunted in the OZT. In the spinotrapezius, OZT exhibited decreased arteriolar tone and blunted vasoconstrictor responses to PE and hemorrhage. Treatment with glibenclamide improved the blood pressure recovery in the conscious OZT and improved the arteriolar tone, and PE induced vasoconstriction in the spinotrapezius of the OZT. Thus, ATP-dependent K(+) channel-mediated loss of arteriolar tone in OZT blunts the arteriolar constriction to hemorrhage, resulting in impaired blood pressure recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216-4505, USA.
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30
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Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 EP3 receptors improves stroke injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 238:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Jones RL, Woodward DF. Interaction of prostanoid EP₃ and TP receptors in guinea-pig isolated aorta: contractile self-synergism of 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethyl PGE₂. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:521-31. [PMID: 20955363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Surprisingly high contractile activity was reported for 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E₂ (DX-DM PGE₂) on pig cerebral artery when used as a selective EP₃ receptor agonist. This study investigated the selectivity profile of DX-DM PGE₂, focusing on the interaction between its EP₃ and TP (thromboxane A₂-like) agonist activities. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Contraction of guinea-pig trachea (EP₁ system) and aorta (EP₃ and TP systems) was measured in conventional organ baths. KEY RESULTS Strong contraction of guinea-pig aorta to sulprostone and 17-phenyl PGE₂ (EP₃ agonists) was only seen under priming with a second contractile agent such as phenylephrine, histamine or U-46619 (TP agonist). In contrast, DX-DM PGE₂ induced strong contraction, which on the basis of treatment with (DG)-3ap (EP₃ antagonist) and/or BMS-180291 (TP antagonist) was attributed to self-synergism arising from co-activation of EP₃ and TP receptors. EP₃/TP self-synergism also accounted for contraction induced by PGF(2α) and its analogues (+)-cloprostenol and latanoprost-FA. DX-DM PGE₂ also showed significant EP₁ agonism on guinea-pig trachea as defined by the EP₁ antagonists SC-51322, (ONO)-5-methyl-1 and AH-6809, although AH-6809 exhibited poor specificity at concentrations ≥3 µM. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS EP₃/TP self-synergism, as seen with PGE/PGF analogues in this study, may confound EP₃ agonist potency comparisons and the characterization of prostanoid receptor systems. The competitive profile of a TP antagonist may be distorted by variation in the silent/overt contraction profile of the EP₃ system in different studies. The relevance of self-synergism to in vivo actions of natural prostanoid receptor agonists is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Jones
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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32
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The pharmacological effect of BGC20-1531, a novel prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist, in the prostaglandin E2 human model of headache. J Headache Pain 2011; 12:551-9. [PMID: 21681585 PMCID: PMC3173651 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-011-0358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a human Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) model of headache, we examined whether a novel potent and selective EP(4) receptor antagonist, BGC20-1531, may prevent headache and dilatation of the middle cerebral (MCA) and superficial temporal artery (STA). In a three-way cross-over trial, eight healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to receive 200 and 400 mg BGC20-1531 and placebo, followed by a 25-min infusion of PGE(2). We recorded headache intensity on a verbal rating scale, MCA blood flow velocity and STA diameter. There was no difference in headache response or prevention of the dilation of the MCA or the STA (P > 0.05) with either dose of BGC20-1531 relative to placebo, although putative therapeutic exposures were not reached in all volunteers. In conclusion, these data suggest that the other EP receptors may be involved in PGE(2) induced headache and dilatation in normal subjects.
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33
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Kobayashi K, Murata T, Hori M, Ozaki H. Prostaglandin E2-prostanoid EP3 signal induces vascular contraction via nPKC and ROCK activation in rat mesenteric artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 660:375-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Ikeda-Matsuo Y, Tanji H, Ota A, Hirayama Y, Uematsu S, Akira S, Sasaki Y. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 contributes to ischaemic excitotoxicity through prostaglandin E2 EP3 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:847-59. [PMID: 20590584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 is known to contribute to stroke injury, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examines the hypothesis that EP(3) receptors contribute to stroke injury as downstream effectors of mPGES-1 neurotoxicity through Rho kinase activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model in cultured rat and mouse hippocampal slices and a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model. Effects of an EP(3) receptor antagonist on neuronal damage in mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice was compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. KEY RESULTS In cultures of rat hippocampal slices, the mRNAs of EP(1-4) receptors were constitutively expressed and only the EP(3) receptor antagonist ONO-AE3-240 attenuated and only the EP(3) receptor agonist ONO-AE-248 augmented glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in CA1 neurons. Hippocampal slices from mPGES-1 KO mice showed less excitotoxicity than those from WT mice and the EP(3) receptor antagonist did not attenuate the excitotoxicity. In transient focal ischaemia models, injection (i.p.) of an EP(3) antagonist reduced infarction, oedema and neurological dysfunction in WT mice, but not in mPGES-1 KO mice, which showed less injury than WT mice. EP(3) receptor agonist-induced augmentation of excitotoxicity in vitro was ameliorated by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and Pertussis toxin. The Rho kinase inhibitor HA-1077 also ameliorated stroke injury in vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activity of mPGES-1 exacerbated stroke injury through EP(3) receptors and activation of Rho kinase and/or G(i). Thus, mPGES-1 and EP(3) receptors may be valuable therapeutic targets for treatment of human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ikeda-Matsuo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
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35
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Mizuguchi S, Ohno T, Hattori Y, Ae T, Minamino T, Satoh T, Arai K, Saeki T, Hayashi I, Sugimoto Y, Narumiya S, Saigenji K, Majima M. Roles of prostaglandin E2-EP1 receptor signaling in regulation of gastric motor activity and emptying. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G1078-86. [PMID: 20798358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00524.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the inhibition of gastric motor activity as well as the maintenance of gastric mucosal blood flow and mucous secretion are important for the homeostasis of the gastric mucosa. The present study was performed to ascertain whether or not endogenous PGs, which can protect the stomach from noxious stimuli, affect gastric motor activity and emptying. The myoelectrical activity of rat gastric smooth muscle was increased at intragastric pressures of over 2 cmH(2)O. Replacement of intragastric physiological saline with 1 M NaCl solution significantly increased PGI(2) and PGE(2) in stomach and suppressed the myoelectrical activity under a pressure of 2 cmH(2)O by 70%. Indomethacin inhibited the suppression of myoelectrical activity by 1 M NaCl. The myoelectrical activity under a pressure of 2 cmH(2)O was suppressed by continuous infusion of a selective EP1 agonist (ONO-DI-004, 3-100 nmol·kg(-1)·min(-1)) into the gastric artery in a dose-dependent manner, but not by that of the PGI receptor agonist beraprost sodium (100 nmol·kg(-1)·min(-1)). Suppression of myoelectrical activity with 1 M NaCl was inhibited by continuous infusion of a selective EP1 antagonist (ONO-8711, 100 nmol·kg(-1)·min(-1)) into the gastric artery. Furthermore, gastric emptying was tested in EP1 knockout mice and their wild-type counterparts. Gastric emptying was strongly suppressed with intragastric 1 M NaCl in wild-type mice, but this 1 M NaCl-induced suppression was not seen in EP1 knockout mice. These results suggest that PGE(2)-EP1 signaling has crucial roles in suppression of myoelectrical activity of gastric smooth muscles and inhibition of gastric emptying and that EP1 is an obvious target for drugs that control gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumito Mizuguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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36
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Abstract
Neuronal activity is communicated to the cerebral vasculature so that adequate perfusion of brain tissue is maintained at all levels of neuronal metabolism. An increase in neuronal activity is accompanied by vasodilation and an increase in local cerebral blood flow. This process, known as neurovascular coupling (NVC) or functional hyperemia, is essential for cerebral homeostasis and survival. Neuronal activity is encoded in astrocytic Ca(2+) signals that travel to astrocytic processes (;endfeet') encasing parenchymal arterioles within the brain. Astrocytic Ca(2+) signals cause the release of vasoactive substances to cause relaxation, and in some circumstances contraction, of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of parenchymal arterioles to modulate local cerebral blood flow. Activation of potassium channels in the SMCs has been proposed to mediate NVC. Here, the current state of knowledge of NVC and potassium channels in parenchymal arterioles is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Dunn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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37
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Jones RL, Giembycz MA, Woodward DF. Prostanoid receptor antagonists: development strategies and therapeutic applications. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:104-45. [PMID: 19624532 PMCID: PMC2795261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the primary products of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin synthase(s), which occurred between 1958 and 1976, was followed by a classification system for prostanoid receptors (DP, EP(1), EP(2) ...) based mainly on the pharmacological actions of natural and synthetic agonists and a few antagonists. The design of potent selective antagonists was rapid for certain prostanoid receptors (EP(1), TP), slow for others (FP, IP) and has yet to be achieved in certain cases (EP(2)). While some antagonists are structurally related to the natural agonist, most recent compounds are 'non-prostanoid' (often acyl-sulphonamides) and have emerged from high-throughput screening of compound libraries, made possible by the development of (functional) assays involving single recombinant prostanoid receptors. Selective antagonists have been crucial to defining the roles of PGD(2) (acting on DP(1) and DP(2) receptors) and PGE(2) (on EP(1) and EP(4) receptors) in various inflammatory conditions; there are clear opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The vast endeavour on TP (thromboxane) antagonists is considered in relation to their limited pharmaceutical success in the cardiovascular area. Correspondingly, the clinical utility of IP (prostacyclin) antagonists is assessed in relation to the cloud hanging over the long-term safety of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Aspirin apart, COX inhibitors broadly suppress all prostanoid pathways, while high selectivity has been a major goal in receptor antagonist development; more targeted therapy may require an intermediate position with defined antagonist selectivity profiles. This review is intended to provide overviews of each antagonist class (including prostamide antagonists), covering major development strategies and current and potential clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Jones
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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38
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Andreasson K. Emerging roles of PGE2 receptors in models of neurological disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 91:104-12. [PMID: 19808012 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the emerging field of prostaglandin signaling in neurological diseases, focusing on PGE(2) signaling through its four E-prostanoid (EP) receptors. A large number of studies have demonstrated a neurotoxic function of the inducible cyclooxygenase COX-2 in a broad spectrum of neurological disease models in the central nervous system (CNS), from models of cerebral ischemia to models of neurodegeneration and inflammation. Since COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the first committed step in prostaglandin synthesis, an effort is underway to identify the downstream prostaglandin signaling pathways that mediate the toxic effect of COX-2. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate that chronic COX-2 inhibition can produce adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular effects, indicating that some prostaglandin signaling pathways are beneficial. Consistent with this concept, recent studies demonstrate that in the CNS, specific prostaglandin receptor signaling pathways mediate toxic effects in brain but a larger number appear to mediate paradoxically protective effects. Further complexity is emerging, as exemplified by the PGE(2) EP2 receptor, where cerebroprotective or toxic effects of a particular prostaglandin signaling pathway can differ depending on the context of cerebral injury, for example, in excitotoxicity/hypoxia paradigms versus inflammatory-mediated secondary neurotoxicity. The divergent effects of prostaglandin receptor signaling will likely depend on distinct patterns and dynamics of receptor expression in neurons, endothelial cells, and glia and the specific ways in which these cell types participate in particular models of neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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39
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Ayabe S, Murata T, Maruyama T, Hori M, Ozaki H. Prostaglandin E2 induces contraction of liver myofibroblasts by activating EP3 and FP prostanoid receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 156:835-45. [PMID: 19239477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased portal pressure in liver injury results from hypercontraction of perivascular non-parenchymal cells including liver myofibroblasts (MFs). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the major eicosanoid which is released around the venous system during liver injury, but little is known about their contractile effect on MFs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Contraction of primary rat liver MFs was measured by a collagen gel contraction assay. Expression of E prostanoid (EP) receptor subtypes was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Fura-2 fluorescence was used to determine intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)). Phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) was detected by Western blot analysis. KEY RESULTS Liver MFs expressed mRNAs for all four EP receptors. PGE2 induced contraction in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and slightly increased [Ca2+](i) only at high concentrations (10 micromol.L(-1)). An agonist selective for EP(3) receptors, ONO-AE-248, dose-dependently induced MF contraction but did not increase [Ca2+](i). Pretreatment with rottlerin (a specific novel PKC inhibitor) and Ro 31-8425 (a general PKC inhibitor) significantly reduced 1 micromol.L(-1) PGE(2)- or ONO-AE-248-induced contractions. Furthermore, 1 micromol.L(-1) PGE(2) stimulated phosphorylation of PKC isoforms PKCdelta and PKCepsilon. The F prostanoid (FP) receptor antagonist AL8810 abolished the [Ca(2+)](i) elevation and the rapid contraction induced by 10 micromol.L(-1) PGE2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Lower concentrations up to 1 micromol.L(-1) of PGE2 induce liver MF contraction via a [Ca2+](i)-independent PKC-mediated pathway through the EP(3) receptor, while higher concentrations have an additional pathway leading to Ca(2+)-dependent contraction through activating the FP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ayabe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Reduced acute brain injury in PGE2 EP3 receptor-deficient mice after cerebral ischemia. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 208:87-93. [PMID: 19203800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in humans. During brain ischemia and the subsequent reperfusion that occurs with stroke, the generation of the so-called "proinflammatory" prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) increases significantly. Therefore, interest is growing regarding the differential functions of the individual PGE(2) receptors (EP1-4) and their relative contribution to brain damage following ischemic and inflammatory stimuli. Here, we address the contribution of the EP3 receptor in dictating early outcomes after transient cerebral ischemia. An oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced in vitro model of brain ischemia was used in mouse hippocampal slice cultures. For transient ischemia, the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) of wildtype (WT) and EP3 knockout (EP3(-/-)) C57BL/6 male mice was occluded for 90 min and reperfused for 48 or 96 h, after which neurobehavioral scores and infarct volumes were determined. Mean arterial blood pressure, pH, blood gases (PaO(2) and PaCO(2)), cerebral blood flow, and body temperature were also determined before and during ischemia and reperfusion. OGD-induced cell death was significantly lower in brain slice cultures of EP3(-/-) mice than in those of WT mice. EP3(-/-) mice that underwent transient ischemia had significantly smaller infarct volumes than did WT mice at 48 h, but this difference was not sustained at 96 h. Neurological score deficits correlated with infarct volume, but no significant differences in the physiological parameters monitored were detected between the two genotypes. The results further support a role for EP3 receptors in contributing to acute ischemic stroke, but EP3 is not likely the sole contributor to the long-term detrimental consequences of PGE(2).
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41
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Jadhav V, Jabre A, Chen MF, Lee TJF. Presynaptic Prostaglandin E
2
EP
1
-Receptor Facilitation of Cerebral Nitrergic Neurogenic Vasodilation. Stroke 2009; 40:261-9. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.516104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jadhav
- From the Department of Pharmacology (V.J., T.J.-F.L.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Ill; the Department of Neurosurgery (A.J.), Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass; the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (V.J.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif; and Research Department (T.J.-F.L., M.-F.C.), Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Center for Vascular Medicine (M.-F.C., T.J.-F.L.), College of Life Sciences,
| | - Anthony Jabre
- From the Department of Pharmacology (V.J., T.J.-F.L.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Ill; the Department of Neurosurgery (A.J.), Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass; the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (V.J.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif; and Research Department (T.J.-F.L., M.-F.C.), Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Center for Vascular Medicine (M.-F.C., T.J.-F.L.), College of Life Sciences,
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- From the Department of Pharmacology (V.J., T.J.-F.L.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Ill; the Department of Neurosurgery (A.J.), Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass; the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (V.J.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif; and Research Department (T.J.-F.L., M.-F.C.), Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Center for Vascular Medicine (M.-F.C., T.J.-F.L.), College of Life Sciences,
| | - Tony Jer-Fu Lee
- From the Department of Pharmacology (V.J., T.J.-F.L.), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Ill; the Department of Neurosurgery (A.J.), Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass; the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (V.J.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif; and Research Department (T.J.-F.L., M.-F.C.), Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Center for Vascular Medicine (M.-F.C., T.J.-F.L.), College of Life Sciences,
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42
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Greyner H, Dzialowski EM. Mechanisms mediating the oxygen-induced vasoreactivity of the ductus arteriosus in the chicken embryo. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R1647-59. [PMID: 18799631 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00001.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The avian embryo provides a novel model for studying the ductus arteriosus (DA) during the transition from in ovo to ex ovo life. Here we examined the mechanisms regulating the vasoreactivity of the two morphologically distinct portions of the chicken DA (proximal and distal) in response to O(2). Oxygen-induced contraction is redox sensitive and reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol and the H(2)O(2) scavenger N-mercaptopropionylglycine. As in the mammalian DA, inhibiting mitochondrion-derived reactive oxygen species production with rotenone and antimycin A relaxed the O(2)-constricted DA. The contractile response to O(2) matures during hatching and is mimicked by the K(v) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on day 19 and externally pipped (EP) embryos. Together, O(2) and 4-AP significantly increase DA tone above that observed with either alone. The O(2)-induced contraction is mediated by influx of extracellular Ca(2+) through l-type Ca(2+) and store-operated channels. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca(2+) stores play a minor role in the O(2)-induced contraction. The O(2)-induced contraction is mediated by the Rho kinase pathway, as fasudil and Y-27632 significantly relax the O(2) contracted DA. Prostaglandins E(2), F(2alpha), and D(2) produce significant contraction of the proximal DA. The O(2)-induced relaxation of the distal portion of the DA is mediated by an endothelial-derived nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. Both 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one and endothelial cell removal inhibit O(2)-induced relaxation in the distal segment. Mechanisms regulating O(2)-induced contraction in chicken proximal DA are similar to those found in mammalian DA, making the chicken a useful model for studying development of this O(2)-sensitive vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Greyner
- Department of Biological Science, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA
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Characterization of prostanoid receptors present on adrenergic neurons innervating the porcine uterine longitudinal muscle. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2008; 86:26-34. [PMID: 18403225 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-prostanoid pathway regulates myometrial contractility through activation of prostanoid receptors on uterine smooth muscles. However, the possible expression of prostanoid receptors on autonomic nerves cannot be excluded completely. The aim of the present study was to clarify the presence of neural prostanoid receptors on adrenergic nerves in the porcine uterine longitudinal muscle. In [(3)H]-noradrenaline-loaded longitudinal muscle strips of porcine uterus, electrical field stimulation (EFS) evoked [(3)H]-noradrenaline release in a stimulation frequency-dependent manner. The EFS-evoked release was completely abolished in Ca(2+)-free (EGTA, 1mM) incubation medium and by tetrodotoxin or omega-conotoxin GVIA, suggesting that [(3)H]-noradrenaline was released from neural components. The EFS-evoked [(3)H]-noradrenaline release was significantly enhanced by treatment with indomethacin. In the presence of indomethacin, PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha), but not PGD(2), inhibited the EFS-evoked [(3)H]-noradrenaline release. Of synthetic prostanoid receptor agonists examined, both U46619 (TP) and sulprostone (EP(1)/EP(3)) decreased the EFS-evoked [(3)H]-noradrenaline release in a concentration-dependent manner, while fluprostenol (FP), BW245C (DP) and butaprost (EP(2)) were almost ineffective. SQ29548 (TP receptor antagonist) blocked the effect of U46619, but SC19220 (EP(1) receptor antagonist) did not change the inhibition by sulprostone or PGE(2). Double immunofluorescence staining using protein gene product 9.5, tyrosine hydroxylase, EP(3) receptor and TP receptor antibodies suggested the localization of EP(3) or TP receptors on adrenergic nerves in the porcine uterus. These results indicated that neural EP(3) and TP receptors are present on adrenergic nerves of the porcine uterine longitudinal muscle. Endogenous prostanoid produced by cyclooxygenase can regulate noradrenaline release in an inhibitory manner through activation of these neural prostanoid receptors.
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Jadhav VD, Jabre A, Lee TJF. Effect of phospholipase C blockade on cerebral vasospasm. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008; 25:362-5. [PMID: 18305388 DOI: 10.1159/000118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed cerebral ischemia due to cerebral vasospasm remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) and vasoconstrictor prostanoids have been suggested as putative spasmogens. We have previously reported a synergistic vasoconstrictive action between thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) and OxyHb. In the present study we examine the effect of neomycin, a phospholipase C inhibitor, on the cerebral vasoconstriction induced by TXA(2) and OxyHb. METHODS Using an in vitro tissue bath method, we assess the effect of neomycin in a concentration-dependent manner, on isolated porcine basilar arteries constricted by U-46619 (TXA(2) analogue) and OxyHb. RESULTS The functional synergism between TXA(2) and OxyHb, leading to significant cerebral vasoconstriction, is attenuated in a dose-dependent manner by neomycin. CONCLUSION Blockade of phospholipase C may provide an alternative strategy in the treatment of subarachnoid-hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram D Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Yamaguchi M, Jadhav V, Obenaus A, Colohan A, Zhang JH. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates brain edema in an in vivo model of surgically-induced brain injury. Neurosurgery 2008; 61:1067-75; discussion 1075-6. [PMID: 18091283 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000303203.07866.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurosurgical procedures can result in brain injury by various means, including direct trauma, hemorrhage, retractor stretch, and electrocautery. This surgically-induced brain injury (SBI) can cause postoperative complications such as brain edema after blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. The present study seeks to test a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor for preventing postoperative brain edema and BBB disruption in an in vivo model of surgically-induced brain injury. METHODS A rodent model of SBI was used which involves resection of a part of the right frontal lobe. A total of 89 Sprague-Dawley male rats (weight, 300-350 g) were randomly divided into four groups: 1) SBI with vehicle treatment (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), 2) SBI with single treatment of MMP inhibitor-1 (an inhibitor of MMP-9 and MMP-2), 3) SBI treated daily (total 3 times) with MMP inhibitor-1, and 4) sham surgical group. Postoperative assessment at different time periods included evaluation of BBB permeability, brain water content (brain edema), neurological scoring, histology, immunohistochemistry, and zymography for MMP enzymatic activity. Temporal magnetic resonance imaging studies were also performed to assess postoperative edema. RESULTS The results indicate that SBI caused increased brain water content (ipsilateral frontal lobe) and BBB permeability compared with sham animals. Treatment with MMP inhibitor-1 attenuated MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity and decreased brain water content with preservation of the BBB. CONCLUSION Inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-2 attenuates brain edema and BBB disruption after SBI. The study suggests a potential role for MMP inhibition as preoperative therapy before neurosurgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA
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Tang EHC, Jensen BL, Skott O, Leung GPH, Feletou M, Man RYK, Vanhoutte PM. The role of prostaglandin E and thromboxane-prostanoid receptors in the response to prostaglandin E2 in the aorta of Wistar Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cardiovasc Res 2007; 78:130-8. [PMID: 18093985 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study examined the hypothesis that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through activation of prostaglandin E (EP) receptor contributes to endothelium-dependent contractions. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blotting revealed that the protein expression of EP1 receptor was significantly down-regulated in the aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), but there was no significant difference in the expression of EP2, EP4, and total EP3 receptors between preparations of Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. Isometric tension studies showed that low concentrations of PGE2 caused endothelium-dependent relaxations in WKY but not in aortas of the SHR. High concentrations of PGE2 evoked contractions predominately through the activation of thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptors in the WKY, but involves the dual activation EP and TP receptors in the SHR. SQ29,548, BAYu3405 and Terutroban (TP receptor antagonists), and AH6809 (non-selective EP receptor antagonist) abolished, while SC19220 (preferential EP1 receptor antagonist) did not inhibit endothelium-dependent contractions. Both SC19220 and AH6809 significantly inhibited contractions to U46619 (TP receptor agonist). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the contraction caused by PGE2 in the SHR aorta is dependent on the activation of EP1 and TP receptors, but that endothelium-dependent contractions do not require the former. Thus, PGE2 is unlikely to be an endothelium-derived contracting factor in this artery. The ability of AH6809 to inhibit endothelium-dependent contractions can be attributed to its partial antagonism at TP receptors. Nevertheless, the impairment of PGE2-mediated relaxation may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in the aorta of the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva H C Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Saleem S, Li RC, Wei G, Doré S. Effects of EP1 receptor on cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in mice. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:2433-40. [PMID: 17600836 PMCID: PMC2291148 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exhibits diverse biologic activity in a variety of tissues. Four PGE2 receptor subtypes (EP1-4) are involved in various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, but differ in tissue distribution, ligand-binding affinity, and coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. To characterize the role of the EP1 receptor, physiologic parameters (mean arterial blood pressure, pH, blood gases PaO2 and PaCO2, and body temperature), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and neuronal cell death were studied in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke in wild-type (WT) and EP1 knockout (EP1-/-) mice. The right middle cerebral artery was occluded for 60 min, and absolute CBF was measured by [14C] iodoantipyrine autoradiography. The effect of EP1 receptor on oxidative stress in neuronal cultures was investigated. Although no differences were observed in the physiologic parameters, CBF was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in EP1-/- mice than in WT mice, suggesting a role for this receptor in physiologic and pathophysiologic control of vascular tone. Similarly, neuronal cultures derived from EP1-/- mice were more resistant (90.6 +/- 5.8% viability) to tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress than neurons from WT mice (39.6 +/- 17.2% viability). The EP1 receptor antagonist SC-51089 and calcium channel blocker verapamil each attenuated the neuronal cell death induced by PGE2. Thus, the prostanoid EP1 receptor plays a significant role in regulating CBF and neuronal cell death. These findings suggest that pharmacologic modulation of the EP1 receptor might be a means to improve CBF and neuronal survival during ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiyan Saleem
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rung-chi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Sylvain Doré, PhD, Associate Professor, Departments of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross 365, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail:
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Mori A, Saito M, Sakamoto K, Narita M, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Stimulation of prostanoid IP and EP2 receptors dilates retinal arterioles and increases retinal and choroidal blood flow in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 570:135-41. [PMID: 17628525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of vasodilatory prostaglandins (prostacyclin and prostaglandin E(2)) and selective agonists for prostanoid EP(2) and EP(4) receptor on the diameters of retinal blood vessels and fundus (retinal/choroidal) blood flow in rats. Male Wistar rats (8- to 10-week-old) were treated with tetrodotoxin (50 microg/kg, i.v.) to eliminate any nerve activity and prevent movement of the eye and infused with a mixture solution of norepinephrine and epinephrine (1:9) to maintain adequate systemic circulation under artificial ventilation. Fundus images were captured with a digital camera that was equipped with the special objective lens for small animals, and the diameters of retinal arterioles and venules were measured on a personal computer. Fundus blood flow was estimated using a laser Doppler flowmetry. Intravenous infusions of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E(2) dilated retinal blood vessels, increased fundus blood flow and decreased systemic blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of vasodilatory prostaglandins on retinal arterioles were greater than those on retinal venules. Similarly, a prostanoid EP(2) receptor agonist (ONO-AE1-259-01) dilated retinal blood vessels, and increased fundus blood flow and decreased systemic blood pressure. However, a prostanoid EP(4) receptor agonist (ONO-AE1-329) failed to increase fundus blood flow, despite its comparable depressor response with those to vasodilatory prostaglandins and the prostanoid EP(2) receptor agonist. The responses to forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, were very similar to those to prostacyclin and the prostanoid EP(2) receptor agonist. These results suggest that prostacyclin and prostaglandin E(2) act as vasodilators in retinal and choroidal circulation, and prostanoid IP and EP(2) receptors play an important role in the regulation of ocular hemodynamics in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Epoprostenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Methyl Ethers/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Epoprostenol
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Retina/drug effects
- Retina/physiology
- Retinal Artery/anatomy & histology
- Retinal Artery/drug effects
- Retinal Artery/physiology
- Retinal Vein/anatomy & histology
- Retinal Vein/drug effects
- Retinal Vein/physiology
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Jadhav V, Matchett G, Hsu FPK, Zhang JH. Inhibition of Src tyrosine kinase and effect on outcomes in a new in vivo model of surgically induced brain injury. J Neurosurg 2007; 106:680-6. [PMID: 17432722 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Brain tissue at the periphery of a neurosurgical resection site is vulnerable to injury by a variety of mechanisms including direct trauma, edema, hemorrhage, retractor stretch, and electrocautery. The goal in the present study was to develop an in vivo model of surgically induced brain injury and to test an Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor for neuroprotective properties in this model. METHODS The authors developed a new surgically induced brain injury model in rats. This model involves resection of part of the frontal lobe. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing between 300 and 350 g were divided randomly into four groups: Group 1, surgical injury with vehicle treatment; Group 2, surgical injury after treatment with PP1 (an Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor with known neuroprotective properties); Group 3, sham surgery; and Group 4, control. Postoperative assessment included blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability studies, and histological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses. The authors found that surgical injury caused localized edema and disruption of the BBB compared with findings in the sham surgery group. Treatment with PP1 was associated with decreased edema, decreased breakdown of the BBB, decreased expression of both vascular endothelial growth factor and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, and preservation of ZO-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS In this study the authors describe a simple and reproducible in vivo animal model of surgically induced brain injury. Pretreatment with PP1 results in improved outcomes in this model, which suggests a possible role for Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors as preoperative therapy for planned neurosurgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jadhav
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA
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Ahmad M, Ahmad AS, Zhuang H, Maruyama T, Narumiya S, Doré S. Stimulation of prostaglandin E2-EP3 receptors exacerbates stroke and excitotoxic injury. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 184:172-9. [PMID: 17275922 PMCID: PMC1914218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of PGE(2) EP3 receptors on injury size was investigated following cerebral ischemia and induced excitotoxicity in mice. Treatment with the selective EP3 agonist ONO-AE-248 significantly and dose-dependently increased infarct size in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. In a separate experiment, pretreatment with ONO-AE-248 exacerbated the lesion caused by N-methyl-d-aspartic acid-induced acute excitotoxicity. Conversely, genetic deletion of EP3 provided protection against N-methyl-d-aspartic acid-induced toxicity. The results suggest that PGE(2), by stimulating EP3 receptors, can contribute to the toxicity associated with cyclooxygenase and that antagonizing this receptor could be used therapeutically to protect against stroke- and excitotoxicity-induced brain damage.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Body Temperature/drug effects
- Brain Infarction/etiology
- Brain Infarction/pathology
- Brain Injuries/chemically induced
- Brain Injuries/pathology
- Brain Injuries/physiopathology
- Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects
- Dinoprostone/adverse effects
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- N-Methylaspartate
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/deficiency
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Abdullah Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hean Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Takayuki Maruyama
- Discovery Research Institute I, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mishima-gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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