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Yang HM, Lung H, Yang MC, Lung FW. DRD4 VNTR 4/4 homozygosity as a genetic biomarker for treatment selection in patients with schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103831. [PMID: 37988928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There seems to be an association between the DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphisms and antipsychotic treatment response, but there is a rare reference to confirm this finding. Hence, the present study tried to investigate the association between DRD4 48-bp VNTR polymorphisms and the treatment response of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia in Taiwan, using a propensity score matching (PSM) method. METHODS A total of 882 participants were enrolled in this study and completed informed consent, research questionnaires, including demographic information and the revised Chinese version Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire, and blood sampling. For descreasing of the selection bias and confounding variables, the PSM nearest neighbor matching method was used to select 765 paitents with schizophrenia (ratio of 1:8 between 85 persistent auditory hallucination and 680 controls) with matched and controlled the age and gender. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients with DRD4 4 R homozygosity had a lower rate of good antipsychotic treatment response than the other DRD4 genotype carriers (DRD4 non-4/4). Among those 4 R homozygosity carriers, 60 cases of 503 (11.9%) retain persistent auditory hallucinations. Furthermore, this subgroup of patients is accounted for up to 70.6% of cases with poor neuroleptic treatment response. CONCLUSIONS A poor treatment outcome for patients with the 4 R homozygosity had presented,that comparing with those DRD non-4/4 genotype carriers. DRD4 VNTR 4 R homozygosity could be a genetic biomarker to predict poor antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia. Patients with DRD 4/4 probably receive novel antipsychotic medications preferentially or in combination with alternative therapy, such as psychotherapy or milieu therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Lung
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - For-Wey Lung
- Calo Psychiatric Center, Pingtung County, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development, National SunYat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Xu FL, Wu X, Zhang JJ, Wang BJ, Yao J. A meta-analysis of data associating DRD4 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:153-164. [PMID: 29379288 PMCID: PMC5757990 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s156479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between DRD4 polymorphisms and schizophrenia risk, a meta-analysis was carried out with 41 case-control articles. Specifically, we included 28 articles (5,735 cases and 5,278 controls) that pertained to the 48 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism, nine articles (1,517 cases and 1,746 controls) that corresponded to the 12 bp tandem repeat (TR), six articles (1,912 cases and 1,836 controls) that addressed the 120 bp TR, 10 articles (2,927 cases and 2,938 controls) that entailed the -521 C>T polymorphism, six articles (1,735 cases and 1,724 controls) that pertained to the -616 C>G polymorphism, and four articles (1,191 cases and 1,215 controls) that involved the -376 C>T polymorphism. Pooled analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed, and the data were visualized by means of forest and funnel plots. Results of pooled analysis indicated that the -521 CC variant (Pz=0.009, odds ratio [OR] =1.218, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.050-1.413) and genotype L/L (ie, long allele) of the 120 bp TR were risk factors of schizophrenia (Pz=0.004, OR =1.275, 95% CI =1.081-1.504). The 48 bp VNTR, the 12 bp TR, the -616 C>G polymorphism, and the -376 C>T polymorphism were not associated with schizophrenia. Additional research is warranted to explore the association between polymorphisms of DRD4 and schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-ling Xu
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-jing Zhang
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao-jie Wang
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Lee S, Rudd S, Gratten J, Visscher PM, Prins JB, Dawson PA. Gene networks associated with non-syndromic intellectual disability. J Neurogenet 2017; 32:6-14. [PMID: 29199528 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2017.1404058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic intellectual disability (NS-ID) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, with more than 200 candidate genes to date. Despite the increasing number of novel mutations detected, a relatively low number of recurrently mutated genes have been identified, highlighting the complex genetic architecture of the disorder. A systematic search of PubMed and Medline identified 245 genes harbouring non-synonymous variants, insertions or deletions, which were identified as candidate NS-ID genes from case reports or from linkage or pedigree analyses. From this list, 33 genes are common to syndromic intellectual disability (S-ID) and 58 genes are common to certain neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders that often include intellectual disability as a clinical feature. We examined the evolutionary constraint and brain expression of these gene sets, and we performed gene network and protein-protein interaction analyses using GeneGO MetaCoreTM and DAPPLE, respectively. The 245 NS-ID candidate genes were over-represented in axon guidance, synaptogenesis, cell adhesion and neurotransmission pathways, all of which are key neurodevelopmental processes for the establishment of mature neuronal circuitry in the brain. These 245 genes exhibit significantly elevated expression in human brain and are evolutionarily constrained, consistent with expectations for a brain disorder such as NS-ID that is associated with reduced fecundity. In addition, we report enrichment of dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways for those candidate NS-ID genes that are common to S-ID and/or neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders that exhibit intellectual disability. Collectively, this study provides an overview and analysis of gene networks associated with NS-ID and suggests modulation of neurotransmission, particularly dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems as key contributors to synaptic dysfunction in NS-ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Lee
- a Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Woolloongabba , Australia
| | - Stephen Rudd
- b QFAB Bioinformatics, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Jacob Gratten
- c Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- c Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- a Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Woolloongabba , Australia
| | - Paul A Dawson
- a Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Woolloongabba , Australia
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Rs1076560, a functional variant of the dopamine D2 receptor gene, confers risk of schizophrenia in Han Chinese. Neurosci Lett 2012; 518:41-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lung FW, Yang MC, Shu BC. The interleukin 10 promoter haplotype ACA and the long-form variant of the DRD4 uVNTR polymorphism are associated with vulnerability to schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2011; 188:294-6. [PMID: 21216474 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 934 patients with schizophrenia and 433 controls were genotyped for the interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter and DRD4 uVNTR polymorphisms. DRD4 long-form variants (namely, those with ≥5 repeats), homozygosity for the 4-repeat allele, and the IL-10 haplotype ACA were associated with schizophrenia, respectively. No obvious interactions among the potential polymorphisms were found, which suggests that IL-10 and DRD4 confer vulnerability to schizophrenia independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Wey Lung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chen YC, Lu YC, Lung FW. Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Dimensions of Schizophrenia. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:528-35. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.582239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lai JH, Zhu YS, Huo ZH, Sun RF, Yu B, Wang YP, Chai ZQ, Li SB. Association study of polymorphisms in the promoter region of DRD4 with schizophrenia, depression, and heroin addiction. Brain Res 2010; 1359:227-32. [PMID: 20801104 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the possible association between three functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and schizophrenia, depression, and heroin addiction. Genomic DNA was isolated from the venous blood leukocytes of 322 unrelated patients with schizophrenia, 156 patients with depression, 300 patients with heroin addiction, and 300 healthy unrelated individuals. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of DRD4 (-120 bp duplication, -616C/G, and -521C/T) were genotyped using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. Genotype and allele were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results of this analysis indicated that there is a strong finding of -120 bp duplication allele frequencies with schizophrenia (p=0.008) and weak finding with -1240 L/S and for paranoid schizophrenia (p=0.022). Interestingly, there is a stronger finding with -521 C/T allele frequencies with heroin dependence (p=0.0002). These observations strongly suggest that the -120-bp duplication polymorphism of DRD4 is associated with schizophrenia and that the -521 C/T polymorphism is associated with heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Lung FW, Shu BC, Kao WT, Chen CN, Ku YC, Tzeng DS. Association of DRD4 uVNTR and TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with schizophrenia: a case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:147. [PMID: 20040103 PMCID: PMC2808306 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The tumour supressor gene TP53 is thought to be involved in neural apoptosis. The polymorphism at codon 72 in TP53 and the long form variants of the upstream variable number of tandem repeats (uVNTR) polymorphism in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene are reported to confer susceptibility to schizophrenia. Methods We recruited 934 patients with schizophrenia and 433 healthy individuals, and genotyped the locus of the TP53 codon 72 and DRD4 uVNTR polymorphisms by combining the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) with direct sequencing. Results No significant differences were found in the frequency of the genotype of the TP53 codon72 polymorphism between patients with schizophrenia and their controls. However, the long form alleles (≥ 5 repeats) of the DRD4 uVNTR polymorphism were more frequent in patients with schizophrenia than in controls (p = 0.001). Hence, this class of alleles might be a risk factor for enhanced vulnerability to schizophrenia (odds ratio = 3.189, 95% confidence interval = 1.535-6.622). In the logistic regression analysis, the long form variants of the DRD4 polymorphism did predict schizophrenia after the contributions of the age and gender of the subjects were included (p = 0.036, OR = 2.319), but the CC and GG genotypes of the codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 did not. Conclusions The long form variants of the uVNTR polymorphism in DRD4 were associated with schizophrenia, in a manner that was independent of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism. In addition, given that the genetic effect of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism on the risk of developing schizophrenia was very small, this polymorphism is unlikely to be associated with schizophrenia. The roles that other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TP53 gene or in other apoptosis-related genes play in the synaptic dysfunction involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Wey Lung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lauzon NM, Laviolette SR. Dopamine D4-receptor modulation of cortical neuronal network activity and emotional processing: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Behav Brain Res 2009; 208:12-22. [PMID: 19948192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission within cortical and subcortical structures is involved critically in the processing of emotionally relevant sensory information. Three interconnected neural regions, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have received considerable experimental attention, both in animal and clinical research models, as essential interconnected processors of emotional information. Neuronal network activity within both the mPFC and BLA are strongly modified by DA inputs from the VTA through both DA D(2)-like and D(1)-like receptors. However, emerging evidence from clinical, genetic, behavioral and electrophysiological investigations demonstrates a critical role for the DA D(4)-receptor subtype as a crucial modulator of emotional memory encoding and expression, both at the level of the single neuron, and at the systems level. In this review, we will examine recent evidence at the neuronal, behavioral and genetic levels of analysis that increasingly demonstrates an important role for DA D(4) transmission within cortical and subcortical emotional processing circuits. We will present evidence and some theoretical frameworks suggesting how disturbances in D(4)-receptor related neural circuitry may be involved in the neuropathological manifestations common in many neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Lauzon
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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Ahangari G, Shariati G, Asadi M, Ostadali M, Ahmadkhaniha H. Novel Mutation Detection of Regulatory Molecule Dopamine Gene Receptors (D1–D5) Encoding Analysis on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Schizophrenia Patients. EUR J INFLAMM 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0900700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence which highlights the involvement of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recently, there have been reports of detected mutations in dopamine gene receptors in genomic DNA of schizophrenia. In this study, we attempt to determine whether there is mutation in encoding dopamine receptor. The PBMC was separated from whole blood by Ficoll-hypaque; the total cellular RNA was extracted and the cDNA was synthesized. This process followed by real-time PCR using primer pairs specific for five dopamine receptor mRNAs and β-actin as internal control. The results show the presence of all types of dopamine receptor types in lymphocytes. The mutational analysis of the obtained PCR products for the respective dopamine receptor fragments were analyzed by sequenced capillary system. The results presented in this study confirm the high frequency of mutations in dopamine gene receptor DRD5 in schizophrenia patients. Mutational amino acid changes in dopamine gene receptors of DR2, DR3, DR4 but not DR1 are also shown. In conclusion, this is the first report of such complete mutational analyses in all dopamine gene receptors. Moreover, we found new mutations and 80% frequency of mutations in DRD5. These data further strengthen the argument for the role of dopamine gene receptor mutations in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran
| | - G.H. Shariati
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran
- Department of Genetics & Biology, Jundishahpour Medical Science University, Ahwaz
| | - M.R. Asadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Rozheh Hospital, Tehran Medical University, Tehran
| | - M.R. Ostadali
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Shariati Hospital, Tehran Medical University, Tehran
| | - H.R. Ahmadkhaniha
- Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Mental Health, Tehran, Iran
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Nakajima M, Hattori E, Yamada K, Iwayama Y, Toyota T, Iwata Y, Tsuchiya KJ, Sugihara G, Hashimoto K, Watanabe H, Iyo M, Hoshika A, Yoshikawa T. Association and synergistic interaction between promoter variants of the DRD4 gene in Japanese schizophrenics. J Hum Genet 2006; 52:86-91. [PMID: 17089069 PMCID: PMC1705471 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent association studies suggest that polymorphisms in the promoter and exon 1 upstream region of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene play a functional role in the development of common psychiatric illnesses, although there are also conflicting results. In this study, we re-sequenced this region to identify all genomic variants, and tested them for association with schizophrenia. A total of 570 Japanese schizophrenic cases with matched controls were studied by genotyping all identified/validated common polymorphisms (−1106T>C, −906T>C, −809G>A, −616G>C, −521T>C, −376C>T, −291C>T and 12-bp repeat) and a known microsatellite (120-bp tandem duplication) in the upstream region. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) −809G>A in the promoter region was found to be significantly associated with disease (P=0.018 and 0.032 for allelic and genotypic comparisons, respectively), although not surviving after Bonferroni correction. Logistic regression analysis showed that a combination of the four polymorphisms, −809G>A, −616G>C, −291C>T and the 12-bp repeat, conferred a susceptibility to schizophrenia. These results suggest that the upstream variants have a primary functional effect in the etiology of schizophrenia in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Nakajima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Eiji Hattori
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akinori Hoshika
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-city, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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