1
|
Franzago M, Orecchini E, Porreca A, Mondanelli G, Orabona C, Dalla Ragione L, Di Nicola M, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR. SLC6A4 DNA Methylation Levels and Serum Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio in Eating Disorders: A Possible Link with Psychopathological Traits? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020406. [PMID: 36678277 PMCID: PMC9866524 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of eating disorders (EDs), serious mental and physical conditions characterized by a disturbance in eating or eating-related behaviors, has increased steadily. The present study aims to develop insights into the pathophysiology of EDs, spanning over biochemical, epigenetic, psychopathological, and clinical data. In particular, we focused our attention on the relationship between (i) DNA methylation profiles at promoter-associated CpG sites of the SCL6A4 gene, (ii) serum kynurenine/tryptophan levels and ratio (Kyn/Trp), and (iii) psychopathological traits in a cohort of ED patients. Among these, 45 patients were affected by restricting anorexia nervosa (AN0), 21 by purging AN (AN1), 21 by bulimia (BN), 31 by binge eating disorders (BED), 23 by unspecified feeding or eating disorders (UFED), and finally 14 by other specified eating disorders (OSFED) were compared to 34 healthy controls (CTRs). Results: Kyn level was higher in BED, UFED, and OSFED compared to CTRs (p ≤ 0.001). On the other hand, AN0, AN1, and BN patients showed significatively lower Kyn levels compared to the other three ED groups but were closed to CTRs. Trp was significantly higher in AN0, AN1, and BN in comparison to other ED groups. Moreover, AN1 and BN showed more relevant Trp levels than CTRs (p <0.001). BED patients showed a lower Trp as compared with CTRs (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, Kyn/Trp ratio was lower in the AN1 subtype but higher in BED, UFED, and OSFED patients than in CTRs (p ≤ 0.001). SCL6A4 DNA methylation level at CpG5 was lower in AN0 compared to BED (p = 0.021), and the CpG6 methylation was also significantly lower in AN0 in comparison to CTRs (p = 0.025). The mean methylation levels of the six CpGs analyzed were lower only in the AN0 subgroup compared to CTRs (p = 0.008). Relevant psychological trait EDI-3 subscales were correlated with biochemical and epigenetic data. Conclusions: These findings underline the complexity of psychological and pathophysiological components of EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Porreca
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Dalla Ragione
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Unit, University Campus Biomedico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7905
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abou Al Hassan S, Cutinha D, Mattar L. The impact of COMT, BDNF and 5-HTT brain-genes on the development of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1323-1344. [PMID: 32783113 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The genetic aspect of anorexia nervosa (AN) involving specific genes of the central-nervous-system has not yet been clearly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the impact of three candidate genes of the brain: catechol-O-methyltransferase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin transporter protein, on the susceptibility to AN and identify whether a clear connection persists between each of the gene-polymorphisms and AN. METHODS A total of 21 articles were selected for this review conforming to the PRISMA guidelines. Detailed keyword combinations were implemented within specific databases such as MEDLINE, SCIENCEDIRECT and PUBMED. RESULTS The catechol-O-methyltransferase gene-polymorphism did not show any change in phenotypic variation between AN and control subjects; but the familial association was rather strong with an over-transmission of the H allele. The latter also correlated with several dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scale. A notable relation was indicated between BDNF gene-polymorphism and anorexia-restrictive in terms of phenotypic distribution; the Met66-allele also depicted high association with anorexic behavioral traits. The 5-HTTLPR gene-polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with AN susceptibility with an over-transmission of the S-allele from parents to offspring. CONCLUSION The systematic review distinctively emphasized the genetic contribution of the brain-genes on the development of AN. Despite significant study findings, no clear and standardized genetic route was determined to be the cause of AN development. Future research is needed on these specific genes to closely monitor the genetic polymorphisms and their mechanism on AN susceptibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I, systematic review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Abou Al Hassan
- Dietetic Department, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Darren Cutinha
- Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González LM, Mota-Zamorano S, García-Herráiz A, López-Nevado E, Gervasini G. Genetic variants in dopamine pathways affect personality dimensions displayed by patients with eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:93-101. [PMID: 31786797 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to analyze the association between common polymorphisms in dopamine pathways with personality dimensions frequently present in patients with eating disorders (ED). METHODS A total of 324 patients [210 with anorexia nervosa (AN), 80 with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 34 with binge-eating disorder (BED)] were diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and interviewed using the EDI 2 and SCL-90R questionnaires at the eating disorders unit. Blood samples were drawn and the DNA screened for polymorphisms in dopamine receptor genes (DRD2 A2/A1 and DRD3 Ser9Gly) and in the dopamine transporter DAT1 10R/9R. RESULTS AN patients who carried the DRD3 Gly9Gly genotype displayed significantly higher EDI-2 total scores than patients with the Ser9 allele (118.09 ± 8.75 vs. 97.23 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). In these patients, Gly9Gly carriers also showed higher scores in all the individuals' EDI-2 scales. Differences were especially relevant for bulimia (p = 0.004), ineffectiveness (p = 0.044), interpersonal distrust (p = 0.037), interoceptive awareness (p = 0.006) and maturity fears (p = 0.038). Epistasis analyses showed a strong effect of the interaction between DRD3 Ser9Gly and DRD2 A2A1 on the bulimia (p < 0.05), ineffectiveness (p < 0.05) and asceticism (p < 0.01) scales, as well as on the EDI-2 total score (p < 0.05). The scores of the SCL-90R inventory were largely unaffected by the presence of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Whilst no associations were found for the BN and BED groups, our results suggest that women with AN carrying the homozygous variant Gly9Gly genotype in the dopamine D3 receptor have significantly worse ED-related symptomatology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III (evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz M González
- Department Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Angustias García-Herráiz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Estefanía López-Nevado
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Department Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martin E, Dourish C, Rotshtein P, Spetter M, Higgs S. Interoception and disordered eating: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:166-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
5
|
Klabunde M, Collado D, Bohon C. An interoceptive model of bulimia nervosa: A neurobiological systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 94:36-46. [PMID: 28651098 PMCID: PMC6026544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to examine the neurobiological support for an interoceptive sensory processing model of bulimia nervosa (BN). To do so, we conducted a systematic review of interoceptive sensory processing in BN, using the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PsychInfo, Pubmed, and Web of Knowledge databases to identify biological and behavioral studies that examine interoceptive detection in BN. After screening 390 articles for inclusion and conducting a quality assessment of articles that met inclusion criteria, we reviewed 41 articles. We found that global interoceptive sensory processing deficits may be present in BN. Specifically there is evidence of abnormal brain function, structure and connectivity in the interoceptive neural network, in addition to gastric and pain processing disturbances. These results suggest that there may be a neurobiological basis for global interoceptive sensory processing deficits in BN that remain after recovery. Data from taste and heart beat detection studies were inconclusive; some studies suggest interoceptive disturbances in these sensory domains. Discrepancies in findings appear to be due to methodological differences. In conclusion, interoceptive sensory processing deficits may directly contribute to and explain a variety of symptoms present in those with BN. Further examination of interoceptive sensory processing deficits could inform the development of treatments for those with BN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Klabunde
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Danielle Collado
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cara Bohon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Solmi M, Gallicchio D, Collantoni E, Correll CU, Clementi M, Pinato C, Forzan M, Cassina M, Fontana F, Giannunzio V, Piva I, Siani R, Salvo P, Santonastaso P, Tenconi E, Veronese N, Favaro A. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism in eating disorders: Data from a new biobank and META-analysis of previous studies. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:244-57. [PMID: 26895183 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1126675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objectives Growing interest focuses on the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and eating disorders (ED), but published findings have been conflicting. Methods The Italian BIO.VE.D.A. biobank provided 976 samples (735 ED patients and 241 controls) for genotyping. We conducted a literature search of studies published up to 1 April 2015, including studies reporting on 5HTTLPR genotype and allele frequencies in obesity and/or ED. We ran a meta-analysis, including data from BIO.VE.D.A. - comparing low and high-functioning genotype and allele frequencies in ED vs. CONTROLS Results Data from 21 studies, plus BIO.VE.D.A., were extracted providing information from 3,736 patients and 2,707 controls. Neither low- nor high-functioning genotype frequencies in ED patients, with both bi- and tri-allelic models, differed from controls. Furthermore, neither low- nor high-functioning allele frequencies in ED or in BN, in both bi- and triallelic models, differed from control groups. After sensitivity analysis, results were the same in AN vs. CONTROLS Results remained unaltered when investigating recessive and dominant models. Conclusions 5HTTLPR does not seem to be associated with ED in general, or with AN or BN in particular. Future studies in ED should explore the role of ethnicity and psychiatric comorbidity as a possible source of bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Solmi
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - D Gallicchio
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - E Collantoni
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - C U Correll
- c The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, NorthShore - Long Island Jewish Health System , Glen Oaks , New York , USA ;,d Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine , Hempstead , New York , USA ;,e The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset , New York , USA ;,f Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
| | - M Clementi
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - C Pinato
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - M Forzan
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - M Cassina
- h Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health , University of Padova
| | - F Fontana
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - V Giannunzio
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy
| | - I Piva
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - R Siani
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - P Salvo
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy
| | - P Santonastaso
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy ;,i Centro Neuroscience Cognitive (CNC), University of Padova , Italy
| | - E Tenconi
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy ;,i Centro Neuroscience Cognitive (CNC), University of Padova , Italy
| | - N Veronese
- b Department of Medicine- DIMED , Geriatrics Section, University of Padova , Italy
| | - A Favaro
- a BIO.VE.D.A. Group (BIObanca VEneta per I Disturbi Dell'alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units) , Veneto Region , Italy ;,g Department of Neuroscience , University of Padova , Italy ;,i Centro Neuroscience Cognitive (CNC), University of Padova , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shih PAB, Woodside DB. Contemporary views on the genetics of anorexia nervosa. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:663-73. [PMID: 26944296 PMCID: PMC4801707 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness characterized by severe dietary restriction that leads to high rates of morbidity, chronicity, and mortality. Unfortunately, effective treatment is lacking and few options are available. High rates of familial aggregation and significant heritability suggested that the complex etiology of AN is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. In this paper, we review studies that reported common and rare genetic variation that influence susceptibility of AN through candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and sequencing-based studies. We also discuss gene expression, methylation, imaging genetics, and pharmacogenetics to demonstrate that these studies have collectively advanced our knowledge of how genetic variation contributes to AN susceptibility and clinical course. Lastly, we highlight the importance of gene by environment interactions (G×E) and share our enthusiasm for the use of nutritional genomic approaches to elucidate the interaction among nutrients, metabolic intermediates, and genetic variation in AN. A deeper understanding of how nutrition alters genome stability, how genetic variation influences uptake and metabolism of nutrients, and how response to food components affects disordered eating, will lead to personalized dietary interventions and effective nutraceutical and pharmacological treatments for AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-an Betty Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0664, La Jolla, CA 92093-0664, USA.
| | - D Blake Woodside
- Inpatient Eating Disorders Service, Toronto General Hospital, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khalsa SS, Lapidus RC. Can Interoception Improve the Pragmatic Search for Biomarkers in Psychiatry? Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:121. [PMID: 27504098 PMCID: PMC4958623 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted interoception is a prominent feature of the diagnostic classification of several psychiatric disorders. However, progress in understanding the interoceptive basis of these disorders has been incremental, and the application of interoception in clinical treatment is currently limited to panic disorder. To examine the degree to which the scientific community has recognized interoception as a construct of interest, we identified and individually screened all articles published in the English language on interoception and associated root terms in Pubmed, Psychinfo, and ISI Web of Knowledge. This search revealed that interoception is a multifaceted process that is being increasingly studied within the fields of psychiatry, psychology, neuroscience, and biomedical science. To illustrate the multifaceted nature of interoception, we provide a focused review of one of the most commonly studied interoceptive channels, the cardiovascular system, and give a detailed comparison of the most popular methods used to study cardiac interoception. We subsequently review evidence of interoceptive dysfunction in panic disorder, depression, somatic symptom disorders, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. For each disorder, we suggest how interoceptive predictions constructed by the brain may erroneously bias individuals to express key symptoms and behaviors, and outline questions that are suitable for the development of neuroscience-based mental health interventions. We conclude that interoception represents a viable avenue for clinical and translational research in psychiatry, with a well-established conceptual framework, a neural basis, measurable biomarkers, interdisciplinary appeal, and transdiagnostic targets for understanding and improving mental health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Rachel C Lapidus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leehr EJ, Schag K, Brückmann C, Plewnia C, Zipfel S, Nieratschker V, Giel KE. A Putative Association of COMT Val(108/158)Met with Impulsivity in Binge Eating Disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 24:169-73. [PMID: 26621270 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the influence of the COMT Val(108/158)Met polymorphism on trait and behavioural impulsivity in binge eating disorder (BED). COMT Val(108/158)Met has been related to impulsivity in previous studies, but so far no study has investigated the role of this polymorphism in the context of BED. METHOD Impulsivity was assessed via a questionnaire (trait) and on a behavioural level via the antisaccade task in a sample of 69 participants classified into one out of three age-matched groups: (1) obese individuals with BED according to DMS-IV (BED+); (2) obese individuals without BED, matched with the BED+ sample according to body weight (OBED-); and (3) normal-weight healthy controls (NWC). The COMT Val(108/158)Met polymorphism was genotyped in all samples. RESULTS As expected, the BED+ sample showed higher trait and behavioural impulsivity. Furthermore, within the BED+ group, COMT Met/Met homozygous individuals showed stronger deficits in inhibitory control. DISCUSSION COMT Met/Met homozygous individuals with BED might represent a specific group in the BED spectrum, which shows a higher behavioural impulsivity. The association between COMT Val(108/158)Met with inhibitory control should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size. Larger replication studies are needed to further elucidate the role of the COMT Val(108/158)Met polymorphism in the regulation of disordered eating behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Leehr
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christof Brückmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang SK, Lee YH, Kim JL, Chee IS. No Effect on Body Dissatisfaction of an Interaction between 5-HTTLPR Genotype and Neuroticism in a Young Adult Korean Population. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 12:229-34. [PMID: 25598828 PMCID: PMC4293170 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies suggest an association between the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits (e.g., neuroticism) in healthy subjects. This study investigated the interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype on body dissatisfaction by neuroticism and to evaluate the interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype on self-esteem by body dissatisfaction in a young adult Korean population. METHODS Two hundred and eighty three subjects were included in this study. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Korean version was used to evaluate neuroticism, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report (BDDE-SR)-Korean version was used to evaluate body dissatisfaction, and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES)-Korean version was used to evaluate self-esteem. The 5-HTTLPR genotype by neuroticism (high : low) interaction was assessed according to the total BDDE-SR score, and 5-HTTLPR genotype by BDDE-SR (high : low) interaction was assessed according to the total SES score. RESULTS The analysis of 5-HTTLPR genotype and neuroticism (high : low) with respect to body dissatisfaction showed no main effects of genotype whereas neuroticism did influence the BDDE-SR score and no interaction of the genotype with neuroticism. The analysis of 5-HTTLPR genotype and BDDE-SR (high : low) with respect to self-esteem score showed no main effects of genotype whereas BDDE-SR did influence the self-esteem score and no interaction of the genotype with body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION These results suggest that an interaction between 5-HTTPLR genotype and neuroticism does not affect body dissatisfaction and an interaction between 5-HTTPLR genotype and body dissatisfaction does not affect self-esteem in a young adult Korean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Keun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. ; Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. ; Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Lan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. ; Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ik-Seung Chee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. ; Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Donofry SD, Roecklein KA, Wildes JE, Miller MA, Flory JD, Manuck SB. COMT met allele differentially predicts risk versus severity of aberrant eating in a large community sample. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:513-8. [PMID: 25216558 PMCID: PMC4252581 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal dopamine (DA) transmission participates in the reinforcement of reward-driven behaviors like eating. Because catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) degrades DA and is expressed in the prefrontal cortex, variation in the COMT gene may modulate eating behavior. Previous studies have shown that the met allele of the COMT val158met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with Bulimia Nervosa (BN). The specific aim of this study was to test whether the met allele increased risk for, and severity of, eating disorder symptomatology in community volunteers. Caucasian adults (N=1003; 51.2% female) from the University of Pittsburgh Adult Health and Behavior Project (AHAB) were genotyped and completed the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Logistic and Poisson regression analyses assessed genotype-dependent presence and severity of eating disorder symptomatology. The met allele was significantly associated with the presence of symptoms on the Bulimia subscale and the severity of Body Dissatisfaction scores. All EDI subscales significantly predicted BMI. To our knowledge, these are the first data indicating that the COMT met allele increases risk for some symptoms of disordered eating, while increasing severity of others, in a community sample. These novel findings may have important implications for understanding the etiology of heterogeneous disordered eating phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D. Donofry
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +412 624 4315; fax: +412 624 4428.
| | - Kathryn A. Roecklein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan A. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janine D. Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B. Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernández-Muñoz S, Camarena-Medellin B. [Role of Serotonin Transporter Gene in Eating Disorders]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2014; 43:218-224. [PMID: 26574079 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotoninergic system has been implicated in mood and appetite regulation, and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is a commonly studied candidate gene for eating disorders. However, most studies have focused on a single polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in SLC6A4. OBJECTIVE We present the studies published on the association between eating disorders (ED) and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). METHOD Search of databases: MEDLINE, ISI, and PubMed for SLC6A4 and ED. CONCLUSIONS From a review of 37 original articles, it was suggested that carriers of S allele is a risk factor for eating disorders, especially for AN. However, BN did not show any association. Also, BMI, impulsivity, anxiety, depression, and age of onset have been associated with S allele in ED patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México, D.F., México
| | - Beatriz Camarena-Medellin
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México, D.F., México.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gamero-Villarroel C, González LM, Gordillo I, Carrillo JA, García-Herráiz A, Flores I, Rodríguez-López R, Gervasini G. Impact of NEGR1 genetic variability on psychological traits of patients with eating disorders. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 15:278-83. [PMID: 25245582 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetics variants in the NEGR1 gene, strongly expressed in the brain, have been reported to affect the neuronal control of food intake therefore inducing obesity. With the same rationale, we hypothesized that this genetic variability may be associated with psychological traits commonly displayed by eating disorder (ED) patients and/or with the risk for the disorder. We analyzed 21 tag-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence and adjacent regions of the NEGR1 gene. A total of 169 ED patients (106 with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 63 with bulimia nervosa (BN)) and 312 healthy subjects were genotyped. Personality traits and general psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the Eating Disorders Inventory Test-2 (EDI-2) and Symptom Checklist 90 Revised inventories. None of the SNPs or haplotypes analyzed were associated with a greater risk of ED or correlated with anthropometric parameters. However, in patients with BN, four SNPs (rs12740031, rs10789322, rs6659202 and rs591540) correlated with the scores in Drive for Thinness (DT), Ineffectiveness (I) and Interoceptive Awareness (IA) (Bonferroni-P<0.05 in all instances). The first two SNPs along with rs954299 and rs2422021 formed a haplotype block, which showed a consistent association with the EDI-2 score in BN patients (Bonferroni-P=0.01). A subsequent three-SNP sliding-window approach identified a central area, encompassing both the haplotype block and the individually relevant SNPs that strongly correlated with the scores of BN patients in DT, I, IA and Bulimia. No associations were identified in the AN group. These preliminary results indicate that NEGR1 could be an important locus influencing certain personality dimensions in BN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gamero-Villarroel
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - L María González
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - I Gordillo
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J Antonio Carrillo
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A García-Herráiz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - I Flores
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez-López
- Service of Clinical Analyses, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Gervasini
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in understanding genetic influences on eating pathology. Eating disorders aggregate in families, and twin studies reveal that additive genetic factors account for approximately 40% to 60% of liability to anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Molecular genetics studies have been undertaken to identify alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid sequence and/or gene expression that may be involved in the pathogenesis of disordered eating behaviors, symptoms, and related disorders and to uncover potential genetic variants that may contribute to variability of treatment response. This article provides an in-depth review of the scientific literature on the genetics of AN, BN, and BED including extant studies, emerging hypotheses, future directions, and clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gervasini G, Gordillo I, García-Herráiz A, Flores I, Jiménez M, Monge M, Carrillo JA. Influence of dopamine polymorphisms on the risk for anorexia nervosa and associated psychopathological features. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 33:551-5. [PMID: 23775054 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3182970469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine neuronal functions make polymorphisms in dopaminergic pathways good candidates for playing a relevant role in anorexia nervosa (AN) and related psychopathological features. We have analyzed the effect of 8 polymorphisms in genes coding for dopamine receptors (DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4), transporters (DAT1) and metabolizing enzymes (COMT) in 78 women with AN and 186 control subjects. Associated psychopathological characteristics in patients with AN were assessed by the Eating Disorders Inventory Test-2 and SCL-90R self-reported questionnaires. The DRD4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) 7R/7R and DRD4 -616CC genotypes were significantly associated with a greater risk for AN (odds ratio, 3.83; confidence interval, 1.05-13.98; P = 0.04; and odds ratio, 1.74; confidence interval, 1.01-2.97; P = 0.03, respectively). The analysis of physiological parameters in the patients with AN revealed that the short allele of a 120-base pair tandem repeat in the promoter region of the DRD4 gene was associated with higher weight (48.35 ± 6.79 vs 43.95 ± 5.78 kg; Bonferroni, P < 0.05), whereas the DRD4 -521TT genotype was associated with significantly higher body mass index (17.29 ± 2.25 vs 18.13 ± 2.41 kg/m2; Bonferroni, P < 0.05). The DRD4 C-616G and DAT1 VNTR polymorphisms correlated with several psychopathological features in patients with AN. Carriers of the mutant homozygous genotypes scored higher in all but one of the Eating Disorders Inventory Test-2 subscales. After correction for multiple testing, differences in Asceticism scores between DAT1 VNTR genotypes, as well as differences in Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction between C-616G genotypes remained significant (P < 0.05). The results show that certain genetic alterations in the dopamine pathways are able to modify the risk for AN as well as modulate psychopathological features that are often coupled to this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zou LW, Xu XJ, Liu T, Wang HY, Fan WJ, Wang XH, Zhang ZX, Zhai JX. No Association Between COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:78-84. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-wei Zou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-juan Xu
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Han-yong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-jing Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xing-hua Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhao-xiang Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-xia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thaler L, Groleau P, Badawi G, Sycz L, Zeramdini N, Too A, Israel M, Joober R, Bruce KR, Steiger H. Epistatic interactions implicating dopaminergic genes in bulimia nervosa (BN): relationships to eating- and personality-related psychopathology. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:120-8. [PMID: 22683321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We explored the influence of interactions between polymorphisms acting upon postsynaptic receptors (DRD2 TaqA1 rs1800497 and DRD4 7R) and dopamine regulators (COMT rs4680 and DAT1) on the expression of eating symptoms and personality traits in women with bulimia-spectrum eating disorders. We had 269 bulimic women provide blood for genetic assays, and measured eating-disorder symptoms and psychopathological traits using structured interviews and self-report questionnaires. We observed two epistatic interactions on symptom indices: interactions (in predicted directions) of DRD2 by DAT were seen on Body Mass Index (p=.023), and of DRD4 by COMT on self-harming behaviors (p=.014)--with genetic effects that would correspond to reduced dopamine transmission coinciding with more-pathological scores. Our findings suggest that genes acting in the dopamine system interact to influence both eating-related and personality psychopathology, with the result that lower levels of dopamine neuro-transmission correspond to increased psychopathology and body mass in women with bulimia-spectrum disorders. We discuss the implications of our observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Thaler
- Eating Disorders Program, Douglas University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Castellini G, Ricca V, Lelli L, Bagnoli S, Lucenteforte E, Faravelli C, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and eating disorders outcome: a 6-year follow-up study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:491-500. [PMID: 22488946 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorder patients show different long-term outcomes, and trait-related alterations of serotonergic function, which might be related with the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene. We studied the relationships between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, eating specific and general psychopathology and the long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients. We evaluated the distribution of the functional 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in a series of 201 Italian, Caucasian, eating disorder patients (113 with AN and 88 with BN binge/purging (BP subtype) and in 150 Caucasian unrelated controls. Prior to starting an individual cognitive behavior therapy, a clinical assessment was performed by means of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders and several self-report questionnaires. This assessment was repeated at the end of treatment, 3 years after the end of treatment and 3 years after the first follow-up. Diagnostic changes between AN and BN were frequent (28.3%), and the presence of depressive disorders was associated with a higher rate of diagnostic crossover during the follow-up period. The S-allele of the 5-HTTLPR genotype increases the risk susceptibility for both depressive comorbidity (OR = 4.23; 95% CI, 1.45-12.37) and diagnostic crossover during the follow-up period in AN patients (OR = 5.04; 95% CI, 1.69-14.98). Logistic regression analyses confirmed these findings, when the interaction between genotype and psychiatric comorbidity as predictors of diagnostic instability in AN patients were taken into account. No significant association was found between 5-HTTLPR genotype and recovery. The S-allele of the 5-HTTLPR genotype increases the risk for depressive disorders comorbidity, and moderates the long-term outcome of anorectic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Castellini
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Why does the giant panda eat bamboo? A comparative analysis of appetite-reward-related genes among mammals. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22602. [PMID: 21818345 PMCID: PMC3144909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The giant panda has an interesting bamboo diet unlike the other species in the order of Carnivora. The umami taste receptor gene T1R1 has been identified as a pseudogene during its genome sequencing project and confirmed using a different giant panda sample. The estimated mutation time for this gene is about 4.2 Myr. Such mutation coincided with the giant panda's dietary change and also reinforced its herbivorous life style. However, as this gene is preserved in herbivores such as cow and horse, we need to look for other reasons behind the giant panda's diet switch. Methodology/Principal Findings Since taste is part of the reward properties of food related to its energy and nutrition contents, we did a systematic analysis on those genes involved in the appetite-reward system for the giant panda. We extracted the giant panda sequence information for those genes and compared with the human sequence first and then with seven other species including chimpanzee, mouse, rat, dog, cat, horse, and cow. Orthologs in panda were further analyzed based on the coding region, Kozak consensus sequence, and potential microRNA binding of those genes. Conclusions/Significance Our results revealed an interesting dopamine metabolic involvement in the panda's food choice. This finding suggests a new direction for molecular evolution studies behind the panda's dietary switch.
Collapse
|
21
|
van Loo KMJ, Martens GJM. Genetic and environmental factors in complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Genomics 2011; 8:429-44. [PMID: 19412416 PMCID: PMC2647153 DOI: 10.2174/138920207783591717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder, (manic) depressive illness and addiction, are thought to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Association studies on candidate genes and genome-wide linkage analyses have identified many susceptibility chromosomal regions and genes, but considerable efforts to replicate association have been surprisingly often disappointing. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the genetic contribution to complex neurodevelopmental disorders, focusing on the findings from association and linkage studies. Furthermore, the contribution of the interaction of the genetic with environmental and epigenetic factors to the aetiology of complex neurodevelopmental disorders as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M J van Loo
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Neuroscience, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Calati R, De Ronchi D, Bellini M, Serretti A. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and eating disorders: a meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:191-9. [PMID: 20209488 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders are influenced by both environmental factors and genes. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene has been suggested as a good candidate. This meta-analysis was undertaken: (1) to investigate the association between 5-HTTLPR and eating disorders considered as a whole, including anorexia (AN), bulimia (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED); (2) to extend recently reported findings on the association between 5-HTTLPR and AN-BN. METHOD PubMed, ISI, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published until October 2009. Fifteen studies have been included. Data were analyzed with the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager Software. Quality of studies and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS An association between S allele and eating disorders, in particular AN, has been found. DISCUSSION To be carrier of the 5-HTTLPR S allele seem to represent a risk factor for eating disorders, especially for AN. However, considering the reported high between-study heterogeneity, future studies should focus on more homogeneous endophenotype.
Collapse
|
23
|
Monteleone P, Maj M. The Role of Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIOR, FOOD AND NUTRITION 2011:1175-1200. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
24
|
Lee Y, Lin PY. Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and eating disorders: a meta-analytic study. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:498-504. [PMID: 19708070 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compelling evidence has suggested a role for serotonin system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Studies have examined the association between EDs and a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR). These studies have yielded inconsistent results. The present study aimed to determine conclusively whether there is an association by using a meta-analytic method. METHOD Data of over 2,000 participants from eight independent case-controlassociation studies were pooled by using a random effects model. RESULTS AN was found to be significantly associated with the S allele (p < .001) and S carrier (SS + LS) genotype (p = .007). However, BN was associated neither with the S allele (p = .49) nor with the S carrier genotype (p = .33). DISCUSSION These results suggested that the genetic variance of the serotonin transporter gene promoter contributed to the susceptibility of AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital- Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mercader JM, Fernández-Aranda F, Gratacòs M, Aguera Z, Forcano L, Ribasés M, Villarejo C, Estivill X. Correlation of BDNF blood levels with interoceptive awareness and maturity fears in anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:505-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
26
|
Eating disorders: the current status of molecular genetic research. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010; 19:211-26. [PMID: 20033240 PMCID: PMC2839487 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-009-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are complex disorders characterized by disordered eating behavior where the patient's attitude towards weight and shape, as well as their perception of body shape, are disturbed. Formal genetic studies on twins and families suggested a substantial genetic influence for AN and BN. Candidate gene studies have initially focused on the serotonergic and other central neurotransmitter systems and on genes involved in body weight regulation. Hardly any of the positive findings achieved in these studies were unequivocally confirmed or substantiated in meta-analyses. This might be due to too small sample sizes and thus low power and/or the genes underlying eating disorders have not yet been analyzed. However, some studies that also used subphenotypes (e.g., restricting type of AN) led to more specific results; however, confirmation is as yet mostly lacking. Systematic genome-wide linkage scans based on families with at least two individuals with an eating disorder (AN or BN) revealed initial linkage regions on chromosomes 1, 3 and 4 (AN) and 10p (BN). Analyses on candidate genes in the chromosome 1 linkage region led to the (as yet unconfirmed) identification of certain variants associated with AN. Genome-wide association studies are under way and will presumably help to identify genes and pathways involved in these eating disorders. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying eating disorders might improve therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mikołajczyk E, Grzywacz A, Samochowiec J. The association of catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype with the phenotype of women with eating disorders. Brain Res 2010; 1307:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Monteleone P, Maj M. Genetic susceptibility to eating disorders: associated polymorphisms and pharmacogenetic suggestions. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:1487-520. [DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.10.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) are characterized by abnormal eating behaviors often resulting in dramatic physical consequences for the patients. The etiology of eating disorders (EDs) is currently unknown; however, a strong genetic contribution is likely to be involved. To date, the majority of genetic studies have focused on candidate genes, and polymorphic variants of genes coding for substances likely to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of EDs have been assessed for association with AN, BN, BED and/or ED-related phenotypic traits. Results have been generally inconsistent and cannot be considered conclusive because of several methodological flaws and differences, such as small sample sizes, ethnic heterogeneity of studied populations, lack of statistical correction for multiple testing, adoption of different diagnostic criteria and population stratification. Although, at present, no convincing evidence for associations of candidate genes with EDs has been provided, the 5-HT2A receptor gene and the BDNF gene seem to be promising candidates for genetic influences on AN, since polymorphic variants of these genes have been found quite consistently, although not specifically, linked to AN restricting subtype in large sample studies. Moreover, pharmacogenetic investigations have suggested a possible role of some gene polymorphisms in predicting the response to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in BN, but results are still preliminary. The heterogeneity of ED phenotypes is believed to represent the most relevant variable responsible for contradictory and not conclusive results. Future studies should focus on more homogeneous subgroups, either relying on specific ED traits or identifying endophenotypes. This will be useful also for prevention and treatment of EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Casper RC, Sullivan EL, Tecott L. Relevance of animal models to human eating disorders and obesity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 199:313-29. [PMID: 18317734 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE This review addresses the role animal models play in contributing to our knowledge about the eating disorders anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and obesity. OBJECTIVES Explore the usefulness of animal models in complex biobehavioral familial conditions, such as AN, BN, and obesity, that involve interactions among genetic, physiologic, psychological, and cultural factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The most promising animal model to mimic AN is the activity-based anorexia rodent model leading to pathological weight loss. The paradigm incorporates reward elements of the drive for activity in the presence of an appetite and allows the use of genetically modified animals. For BN, the sham-feeding preparation in rodents equipped with a gastric fistula appears to be best suited to reproduce the postprandial emesis and the defects in satiety. Animal models that incorporate genes linked to behavior and mood may clarify biobehavioral processes underlying AN and BN. By contrast, a relative abundance of animal models has contributed to our understanding of human obesity. Both environmental and genetic determinants of obesity have been modeled in rodents. Here, we consider single gene mutant obesity models, along with models of obesigenic environmental conditions. The contributions of animal models to obesity research are illustrated by their utility for identifying genes linked to human obesity, for elucidating the pathways that regulate body weight and for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. The utility of these models may be further improved by exploring the impact of experimental manipulations on the behavioral determinants of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina C Casper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kapoor S. Genetic basis of the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and binge eating. Nutr Rev 2008; 66:357. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kaplan AS, Levitan RD, Yilmaz Z, Davis C, Tharmalingam S, Kennedy JL. A DRD4/BDNF gene-gene interaction associated with maximum BMI in women with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:22-8. [PMID: 17922530 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of the current study were threefold: 1) to examine whether the hypofunctional 7R allele of the DRD4 gene contributes to maximal lifetime body mass in women with BN; 2) to determine whether the BDNF gene contributes to maximal BMI on its own, and 3) to explore possible BDNF/DRD4 gene-gene interactions in mediating maximum lifetime BMIs in BN. METHOD We tested two General Linear Models predicting maximum lifetime BMI with the exon 3 VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine-4 receptor gene (DRD4) and either the Val66Met or the -270C/T polymorphism of BDNF respectively in 163 female probands with BN, purging subtype. RESULTS In these bulimic subjects, the hypofunctional 7R allele of DRD4 predicted maximal BMI (p < .01). There was also a significant interaction between the DRD4 gene and the BDNF gene in predicting maximal BMI. The Val66Met rather than the 270C/T polymorphism of BDNF interacting with DRD4 predicted maximum BMI in this BN sample (p < .01). Probands carrying both the hypofunctional 7R allele of DRD4 and the Met66 allele of BDNF had significantly higher maximal BMI than did probands in the other gene-gene interaction groups. CONCLUSION These results provide further evidence that the hypofunctional 7R allele of DRD4 contributes to weight gain in women with BN and that the BDNF gene interacts with DRD4 to influence weight regulation in these subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan S Kaplan
- Eating Disorders Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bulik CM, Hebebrand J, Keski-Rahkonen A, Klump KL, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Mazzeo SE, Wade TD. Genetic epidemiology, endophenotypes, and eating disorder classification. Int J Eat Disord 2007; 40 Suppl:S52-60. [PMID: 17573683 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how genetic epidemiology has informed the identification of endophenotypes and how endophenotypes may inform future classification of eating disorders. METHOD Literature review and synthesis. RESULTS Although a number of endo- and subphenotypes have been suggested for eating disorders, few reach the rigorous definitions developed for candidate endophenotypes. CONCLUSION Further study of endophenotypes and subphenotypes for eating disorders may assist with developing a more homogenous classification system that more closely reflects underlying biological mechanisms, and provides a clearer focus for the development of coherent models and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7160, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ramoz N, Versini A, Gorwood P. Eating disorders: an overview of treatment responses and the potential impact of vulnerability genes and endophenotypes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:2029-44. [PMID: 17714058 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.13.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) are the three main eating disorders. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, prokinetic agents, opiate antagonists, appetite suppressants, tetrahydrocannabinol, cyproheptadine, zinc and ondansetron have been tested, and are frequently associated with psychological treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a proven efficacy in BN and binge eating disorder. Other treatments, such as atypical antipsychotics in AN, anticonvulsants in BN and BED, and naltrexone and ondansetron in BN, may be promising, but lack the appropriate trials. The development of genetic researches in eating disorders may help the clinician to choose the most appropriate treatment in forthcoming years, using genetic polymorphisms of vulnerability genes, those linked to endophenotypes, or genes implicated in the metabolism of the drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ramoz
- 1INSERM U675, Université Paris 7, IFR02, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|