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Khan M, Banerjee S, Muskawad S, Maity R, Chowdhury SR, Ejaz R, Kuuzie E, Satnarine T. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:361-372. [PMID: 38954325 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Artificial intelligence (AI), be it neuronal networks, machine learning or deep learning, has numerous beneficial effects on healthcare systems; however, its potential applications and diagnostic capabilities for immunologic diseases have yet to be explored. Understanding AI systems can help healthcare workers better assimilate artificial intelligence into their practice and unravel its potential in diagnostics, clinical research, and disease management. RECENT FINDINGS We reviewed recent advancements in AI systems and their integration in healthcare systems, along with their potential benefits in the diagnosis and management of diseases. We explored machine learning as employed in allergy diagnosis and its learning patterns from patient datasets, as well as the possible advantages of using AI in the field of research related to allergic reactions and even remote monitoring. Considering the ethical challenges and privacy concerns raised by clinicians and patients with regard to integrating AI in healthcare, we explored the new guidelines adapted by regulatory bodies. Despite these challenges, AI appears to have been successfully incorporated into various healthcare systems and is providing patient-centered solutions while simultaneously assisting healthcare workers. Artificial intelligence offers new hope in the field of immunologic disease diagnosis, monitoring, and management and thus has the potential to revolutionize healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Khan
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Rick Maity
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rida Ejaz
- Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan
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2
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Van Coillie S, Prévot J, Sánchez-Ramón S, Lowe DM, Borg M, Autran B, Segundo G, Pecoraro A, Garcelon N, Boersma C, Silva SL, Drabwell J, Quinti I, Meyts I, Ali A, Burns SO, van Hagen M, Pergent M, Mahlaoui N. Charting a course for global progress in PIDs by 2030 - proceedings from the IPOPI global multi-stakeholders' summit (September 2023). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1430678. [PMID: 39055704 PMCID: PMC11270239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1430678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI) held its second Global Multi-Stakeholders' Summit, an annual stimulating and forward-thinking meeting uniting experts to anticipate pivotal upcoming challenges and opportunities in the field of primary immunodeficiency (PID). The 2023 summit focused on three key identified discussion points: (i) How can immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy meet future personalized patient needs? (ii) Pandemic preparedness: what's next for public health and potential challenges for the PID community? (iii) Diagnosing PIDs in 2030: what needs to happen to diagnose better and to diagnose more? Clinician-Scientists, patient representatives and other stakeholders explored avenues to improve Ig therapy through mechanistic insights and tailored Ig preparations/products according to patient-specific needs and local exposure to infectious agents, amongst others. Urgency for pandemic preparedness was discussed, as was the threat of shortage of antibiotics and increasing antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for representation of PID patients and other vulnerable populations throughout crisis and care management. Discussion also covered the complexities of PID diagnosis, addressing issues such as global diagnostic disparities, the integration of patient-reported outcome measures, and the potential of artificial intelligence to increase PID diagnosis rates and to enhance diagnostic precision. These proceedings outline the outcomes and recommendations arising from the 2023 IPOPI Global Multi-Stakeholders' Summit, offering valuable insights to inform future strategies in PID management and care. Integral to this initiative is its role in fostering collaborative efforts among stakeholders to prepare for the multiple challenges facing the global PID community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Van Coillie
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Prévot
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos/Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IML and IdISSC), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David M. Lowe
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London National Heath System (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Borg
- Department of Infection Control & Sterile Services, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne-Université, Cimi-Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1135, centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) ERL8255, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Centre de Recherche n°7 (UPMC CR7), Paris, France
| | - Gesmar Segundo
- Departamento de Pediatra, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Nicolas Garcelon
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Data Science Platform, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche (INSERM UMR) 1163, Paris, France
| | - Cornelis Boersma
- Health-Ecore B.V., Zeist, Netherlands
- Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Management Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Susana L. Silva
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jose Drabwell
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siobhan O. Burns
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London National Heath System (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martine Pergent
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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Singh B, Jevnikar AM, Desjardins E. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Regulation of Immunity: Challenges and Opportunities. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0006. [PMID: 38421272 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The immune system is regulated by a complex set of genetic, molecular, and cellular interactions. Rapid advances in the study of immunity and its network of interactions have been boosted by a spectrum of "omics" technologies that have generated huge amounts of data that have reached the status of big data (BD). With recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), theoretical and clinical breakthroughs could emerge. Analyses of large data sets with AI tools will allow the formulation of new testable hypotheses open new research avenues and provide innovative strategies for regulating immunity and treating immunological diseases. This includes diagnosis and identification of rare diseases, prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergic disorders, infectious diseases, metabolomic disorders, cancer, and organ transplantation. However, ethical and regulatory challenges remain as to how these studies will be used to advance our understanding of basic immunology and how immunity might be regulated in health and disease. This will be particularly important for entities in which the complexity of interactions occurring at the same time and multiple cellular pathways have eluded conventional approaches to understanding and treatment. The analyses of BD by AI are likely to be complicated as both positive and negative outcomes of regulating immunity may have important ethical ramifications that need to be considered. We suggest there is an immediate need to develop guidelines as to how the analyses of immunological BD by AI tools should guide immune-based interventions to treat various diseases, prevent infections, and maintain health within an ethical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Rotman Institute of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony M Jevnikar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Desjardins
- Rotman Institute of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Hamid N, Portnoy JM, Pandya A. Computer-Assisted Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:509-517. [PMID: 37351722 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Computer-assisted diagnosis and treatment (CAD/CAT) is a rapidly growing field of medicine that uses computer technology and telehealth to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review on computer-assisted diagnosis and treatment. This technology gives providers access to diagnostic tools and treatment options so that they can make more informed decisions leading to improved patient outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS CAD/CAT has expanded in allergy and immunology in the form of digital tools that enable remote patient monitoring such as digital inhalers, pulmonary function tests, and E-diaries. By incorporating this information into electronic medical records (EMRs), providers can use this information to make the best, evidence-based diagnosis and to recommend treatment that is likely to be most effective. A major benefit of CAD/CAT is that by analyzing large amounts of data, tailored recommendations can be made to improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of adverse events. Machine learning can assist with medical data acquisition, feature extraction, interpretation, and decision support. It is important to note that this technology is not meant to replace human professionals. Instead, it is designed to assist healthcare professionals to better diagnose and treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamid
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Hospital, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jay M Portnoy
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Aarti Pandya
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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Cerci P. Allergic to ChatGPT? Introducing a Desensitization Protocol to Embrace Artificial Intelligence. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:903-905. [PMID: 37557096 DOI: 10.1159/000531785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pamir Cerci
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine/Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Stafie CS, Sufaru IG, Ghiciuc CM, Stafie II, Sufaru EC, Solomon SM, Hancianu M. Exploring the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Healthcare: A Multidisciplinary Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1995. [PMID: 37370890 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a more and more important role in our everyday life due to the advantages that it brings when used, such as 24/7 availability, a very low percentage of errors, ability to provide real time insights, or performing a fast analysis. AI is increasingly being used in clinical medical and dental healthcare analyses, with valuable applications, which include disease diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment planning, and drug discovery. This paper presents a narrative literature review of AI use in healthcare from a multi-disciplinary perspective, specifically in the cardiology, allergology, endocrinology, and dental fields. The paper highlights data from recent research and development efforts in AI for healthcare, as well as challenges and limitations associated with AI implementation, such as data privacy and security considerations, along with ethical and legal concerns. The regulation of responsible design, development, and use of AI in healthcare is still in early stages due to the rapid evolution of the field. However, it is our duty to carefully consider the ethical implications of implementing AI and to respond appropriately. With the potential to reshape healthcare delivery and enhance patient outcomes, AI systems continue to reveal their capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Silvia Stafie
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II-Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ingrid-Ioana Stafie
- Endocrinology Residency Program, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independentei 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Sorina Mihaela Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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MacMath D, Chen M, Khoury P. Artificial Intelligence: Exploring the Future of Innovation in Allergy Immunology. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023:10.1007/s11882-023-01084-z. [PMID: 37160554 PMCID: PMC10169188 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been used in healthcare. Given the capacity of AI to handle large data and complex relationships between variables, AI is well suited for applications in healthcare. Recently, AI has been applied to allergy research. RECENT FINDINGS In this article, we review how AI technologies have been utilized in basic science and clinical allergy research for asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinology, adverse reactions to drugs and vaccines, food allergy, anaphylaxis, urticaria, and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. We discuss barriers for AI adoption to improve the care of patients with atopic diseases. These studies demonstrate the utility of applying AI to the field of allergy to help investigators expand their understanding of disease pathogenesis, improve diagnostic accuracy, enable prediction for treatments and outcomes, and for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek MacMath
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paneez Khoury
- National Institutes of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Mayampurath A, Ajith A, Anderson-Smits C, Chang SC, Brouwer E, Johnson J, Baltasi M, Volchenboum S, Devercelli G, Ciaccio CE. Early Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency Disease Using Clinical Data and Machine Learning. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:3002-3007.e5. [PMID: 36108921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) are a group of immune-related disorders that have a current median delay of diagnosis between 6 and 9 years. Early diagnosis and treatment of PIDD has been associated with improved patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE To develop a machine learning model using elements within the electronic health record data that are related to prior symptomatic treatment to predict PIDD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients with PIDD identified using inclusion criteria of PIDD-related diagnoses, immunodeficiency-specific medications, and low immunoglobulin levels. We constructed a control group of age-, sex-, and race-matched patients with asthma. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of PIDD. We considered comorbidities, laboratory tests, medications, and radiological orders as features, all before diagnosis and indicative of symptom-related treatment. Features were presented sequentially to logistic regression, elastic net, and random forest classifiers, which were trained using a nested cross-validation approach. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 6422 patients, of whom 247 (4%) were diagnosed with PIDD. Our logistic regression model with comorbidities demonstrated good discrimination between patients with PIDD and those with asthma (c-statistic: 0.62 [0.58-0.65]). Adding laboratory results, medications, and radiological orders improved discrimination (c-statistic: 0.70 vs 0.62, P < .001), sensitivity, and specificity. Extending to the advanced machine learning models did not improve performance. CONCLUSIONS We developed a prediction model for early diagnosis of PIDD using historical data that are related to symptomatic care, which has potential to fill an important need in reducing the time to diagnose PIDD, leading to better outcomes for immunodeficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aswathy Ajith
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Emily Brouwer
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Mass
| | - Julie Johnson
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Michael Baltasi
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
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Khoury P, Srinivasan R, Kakumanu S, Ochoa S, Keswani A, Sparks R, Rider NL. A Framework for Augmented Intelligence in Allergy and Immunology Practice and Research—A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Health Informatics, Technology, and Education Committee. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY: IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1178-1188. [PMID: 35300959 PMCID: PMC9205719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Artificial and augmented intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are expanding into the health care space. Big data are increasingly used in patient care applications, diagnostics, and treatment decisions in allergy and immunology. How these technologies will be evaluated, approved, and assessed for their impact is an important consideration for researchers and practitioners alike. With the potential of ML, deep learning, natural language processing, and other assistive methods to redefine health care usage, a scaffold for the impact of AI technology on research and patient care in allergy and immunology is needed. An American Academy of Asthma Allergy and Immunology Health Information Technology and Education subcommittee workgroup was convened to perform a scoping review of AI within health care as well as the specialty of allergy and immunology to address impacts on allergy and immunology practice and research as well as potential challenges including education, AI governance, ethical and equity considerations, and potential opportunities for the specialty. There are numerous potential clinical applications of AI in allergy and immunology that range from disease diagnosis to multidimensional data reduction in electronic health records or immunologic datasets. For appropriate application and interpretation of AI, specialists should be involved in the design, validation, and implementation of AI in allergy and immunology. Challenges include incorporation of data science and bioinformatics into training of future allergists-immunologists.
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Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Immunology. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maurer LE, Bansal C, Bansal P. Methods to Engage Patients in the Modern Clinic. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 128:132-138. [PMID: 34813954 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify current patient and provider engagement methods that utilize technology in allergy and immunology clinics, hospitals and at home. DATA SOURCES Apple App Store and Google searches for allergy and immunology technology apps, PubMed search of literature involving keywords of: website, technology, EMR, medical devices, disparity in technology, coding for remote patient monitoring and artificial intelligence. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies that addressed the keywords were included and narrowed down based upon their applicability in the allergy and immunology clinic. RESULTS There has been rapid innovation in the digital healthcare space with expansion of EMR services and the patient portal, creation of allergy and immunology specific medical devices and apps with remote patient monitoring capabilities, and website and artificial intelligence development to interact with patients. CONCLUSION These technological advances provide distinct advantages to the provider and patient, but also have a burden of time for evaluation of the data for the provider and disparate access to certain technologies for patients. The development of these technologies has been fast-tracked since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. With the explosion in telehealth and medical device development, advancement of medical technology is not showing any signs of slowing down. It is paving a new way to interact with patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Maurer
- Fellow in Training, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, 355 E. Ohio Street, Unit 4102.
| | - Chandani Bansal
- Student, University of Texas at Austin, 715 West 23rd Street, Apartment 517A, Austin, TX 78705.
| | - Priya Bansal
- Faculty, Department of Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Home: 1187 Cleander Court, Naperville, IL 60540.
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Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Evaluating Population Data in Allergy-Immunology. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:4193-4199. [PMID: 34571199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A population-level study is essential for understanding treatment effects, epidemiologic phenomena, and health care best practices. Evaluating large populations and associated data requires an analytic framework, which is commonly used by statisticians, epidemiologists, and data scientists. This document will serve to provide an overview of these commonly employed methods in allergy and immunology research. We will draw upon recent examples from the allergy-immunology literature to contextualize discrete principles of relevance to population-level analysis that include statistical features of a study population, elements of statistical inference, regression analysis, and an overview of machine learning practices. Our intent is to guide the reader through a practical description of this important quantitative discipline and facilitate greater understanding about data and result display in the medical literature.
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Ferrante G, Licari A, Fasola S, Marseglia GL, La Grutta S. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of pediatric allergic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:405-413. [PMID: 33220121 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of data science pertaining to advanced computing machines capable of learning from data and interacting with the human world. Early diagnosis and diagnostics, self-care, prevention and wellness, clinical decision support, care delivery, and chronic care management have been identified within the healthcare areas that could benefit from introducing AI. In pediatric allergy research, the recent developments in AI approach provided new perspectives for characterizing the heterogeneity of allergic diseases among patients. Moreover, the increasing use of electronic health records and personal healthcare records highlighted the relevance of AI in improving data quality and processing and setting-up advanced algorithms to interpret the data. This review aimed to summarize current knowledge about AI and discuss its impact on the diagnostic framework of pediatric allergic diseases such as eczema, food allergy, and respiratory allergy, along with the future opportunities that AI research can offer in this medical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasola
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Immunology. Artif Intell Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58080-3_83-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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