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Wang C, Wang J, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Qiao G, Liu H, Zhao H, Bai J, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Epigenetic regulation is involved in traffic-related PM 2.5 aggravating allergic airway inflammation in rats. Clin Immunol 2021; 234:108914. [PMID: 34954131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and epigenetic modifications are closely associated with the pathogenesis of asthma, but the definite mechanism remains unclear. The traffic-related PM2.5 exposure aggravated pulmonary inflammation and changed the methylation level of interferon gamma (Ifng) and interleukin (Il)4 genes, and then altered levels of affiliated cytokines of IFN-γ and IL-4 in rats with allergic airway inflammation. It also increased the level of miR146a and decreased the level of miR31. In addition, transcription factors of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) rose; forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (Stat4) lowered. The traffic-related PM2.5 altered epigenetic modifications in allergic airway inflammation of rats leading to inflammation exacerbation through impaired regulatory T (Treg) cells function and T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells imbalance, which provided a new target for the treatment and control of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Guoguo Qiao
- Teaching Experiment Center, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Huichao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China.
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2
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Methylation of Inflammatory Cells in Lung Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:63-72. [PMID: 32949390 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although asthma is a common disease worldwide, its pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. There is increasing evidence of the interaction between epigenetics, DNA-damage, and environmental allergens in the development of asthma. In this review, we will focus on the role of epigenetics and DNA-damage in asthma. RECENT FINDINGS There is growing evidence of environmental allergens, particularly house dust mite, stimulating oxidative DNA damage in airway epithelial cells. The repair of this DNA damage has been implicated in the secretion of Th2 cytokines and the induction of allergic inflammation. SUMMARY Studies of the role of epigenetics, DNA-damage, and environmental allergens have begun to reveal the their complex interactions and their roles in the development of asthma. Further study in these areas may lead to novel prevention and treatment approaches.
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4
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Aguilar D, Pinart M, Koppelman GH, Saeys Y, Nawijn MC, Postma DS, Akdis M, Auffray C, Ballereau S, Benet M, García-Aymerich J, González JR, Guerra S, Keil T, Kogevinas M, Lambrecht B, Lemonnier N, Melen E, Sunyer J, Valenta R, Valverde S, Wickman M, Bousquet J, Oliva B, Antó JM. Computational analysis of multimorbidity between asthma, eczema and rhinitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179125. [PMID: 28598986 PMCID: PMC5466323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms explaining the co-existence of asthma, eczema and rhinitis (allergic multimorbidity) are largely unknown. We investigated the mechanisms underlying multimorbidity between three main allergic diseases at a molecular level by identifying the proteins and cellular processes that are common to them. Methods An in silico study based on computational analysis of the topology of the protein interaction network was performed in order to characterize the molecular mechanisms of multimorbidity of asthma, eczema and rhinitis. As a first step, proteins associated to either disease were identified using data mining approaches, and their overlap was calculated. Secondly, a functional interaction network was built, allowing to identify cellular pathways involved in allergic multimorbidity. Finally, a network-based algorithm generated a ranked list of newly predicted multimorbidity-associated proteins. Results Asthma, eczema and rhinitis shared a larger number of associated proteins than expected by chance, and their associated proteins exhibited a significant degree of interconnectedness in the interaction network. There were 15 pathways involved in the multimorbidity of asthma, eczema and rhinitis, including IL4 signaling and GATA3-related pathways. A number of proteins potentially associated to these multimorbidity processes were also obtained. Conclusions These results strongly support the existence of an allergic multimorbidity cluster between asthma, eczema and rhinitis, and suggest that type 2 signaling pathways represent a relevant multimorbidity mechanism of allergic diseases. Furthermore, we identified new candidates contributing to multimorbidity that may assist in identifying new targets for multimorbid allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariona Pinart
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard H. Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn C. Nawijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne–Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Ballereau
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Marta Benet
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith García-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón González
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Guerra
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Arizona Respiratory Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Bart Lambrecht
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathanael Lemonnier
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Erik Melen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sach's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergi Valverde
- ICREA-Complex Systems Lab, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sach's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital and Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Baldo Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Antó
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Xu CJ, Bonder MJ, Söderhäll C, Bustamante M, Baïz N, Gehring U, Jankipersadsing SA, van der Vlies P, van Diemen CC, van Rijkom B, Just J, Kull I, Kere J, Antó JM, Bousquet J, Zhernakova A, Wijmenga C, Annesi-Maesano I, Sunyer J, Melén E, Li Y, Postma DS, Koppelman GH. The emerging landscape of dynamic DNA methylation in early childhood. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:25. [PMID: 28056824 PMCID: PMC5217260 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation has been found to associate with disease, aging and environmental exposure, but it is unknown how genome, environment and disease influence DNA methylation dynamics in childhood. RESULTS By analysing 538 paired DNA blood samples from children at birth and at 4-5 years old and 726 paired samples from children at 4 and 8 years old from four European birth cohorts using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 k chip, we have identified 14,150 consistent age-differential methylation sites (a-DMSs) at epigenome-wide significance of p < 1.14 × 10-7. Genes with an increase in age-differential methylation were enriched in pathways related to 'development', and were more often located in bivalent transcription start site (TSS) regions, which can silence or activate expression of developmental genes. Genes with a decrease in age-differential methylation were involved in cell signalling, and enriched on H3K27ac, which can predict developmental state. Maternal smoking tended to decrease methylation levels at the identified da-DMSs. We also found 101 a-DMSs (0.71%) that were regulated by genetic variants using cis-differential Methylation Quantitative Trait Locus (cis-dMeQTL) mapping. Moreover, a-DMS-associated genes during early development were significantly more likely to be linked with disease. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights into the dynamic epigenetic landscape of the first 8 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nour Baïz
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soesma A Jankipersadsing
- Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Vlies
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cleo C van Diemen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca van Rijkom
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelyne Just
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France.,Department of Allergology-Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, and Sachs' Children's Hospital, SE-118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josep Maria Antó
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital, Montpellier, France.,MACVIA-France, Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Paris, France.,INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and public health approaches, U1168, Paris, France.,UVSQ, UMR-S 1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergy, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kidd CDA, Thompson PJ, Barrett L, Baltic S. Histone Modifications and Asthma. The Interface of the Epigenetic and Genetic Landscapes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:3-12. [PMID: 26397168 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0050tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex lung diseases, such as asthma, are influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental stimuli. The epigenetic landscape of such diseases is attracting increasing interest and research. Epigenetics broadly covers the transient and the inheritable changes to gene expression that are not directly due to changes in nucleotide sequences. Epigenetic mechanisms could have significant impact on asthma-related allergic, immune, and regulatory pathways, as well as on the generation of biomarkers and the heritable transmission of asthma phenotypes. Recent technological advances have allowed mapping of the epigenome and analysis of genome-wide epigenetic contributors to disease. As a result, ground-breaking observations regarding histone post-translational modifications in a number of immunological diseases have emerged. In this review, we look beyond the biological information coded by DNA and review the epigenetic modifications made to histones, with evidence suggesting a role for their modification in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D A Kidd
- 1 Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,2 Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Philip J Thompson
- 1 Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,2 Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lucy Barrett
- 1 Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,2 Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Svetlana Baltic
- 1 Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,2 Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
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7
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Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is facilitated by a battery of proteins that act as 'writers' or 'erasers' to add or remove biochemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins. DNA modifications, histone modifications and long noncoding RNAs function interdependently through reciprocal crosstalk. This review will focus on DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferases with emphasis on how biological and biochemical factors such as histone modifications and noncoding RNAs might play a role in modulating DNA methylation. Other physiological and biochemical factors that can modify DNA methylation marks will also be discussed including chemical exposures and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Lo
- Genetics & Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Maas T, Nieuwhof C, Passos VL, Robertson C, Boonen A, Landewé RB, Voncken JW, Knottnerus JA, Damoiseaux JG. Transgenerational occurrence of allergic disease and autoimmunity: general practice-based epidemiological research. PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE GENERAL PRACTICE AIRWAYS GROUP 2014; 23:14-21. [PMID: 24449016 PMCID: PMC6442276 DOI: 10.4104/pcrj.2013.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Corresponding with the T helper cell type 1/T helper cell type 2 hypothesis, autoimmune and allergic diseases are considered pathologically distinct and mutually exclusive conditions. Co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders and allergy within patients, however, has been reported. Transgenerational co-occurrence of autoimmune and allergic disease has been less often described and may differ from the intra-patient results. Aims: To test the hypothesis that autoimmune disorders in parents are a risk factor for the development of an allergic disease in their offspring. Methods: Prospectively registered (by academic general practitioners) International Classifications of Primary Care (ICPC) for diagnoses of autoimmune disorders and allergy within families were evaluated (n=5,604 families) by performing multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The presence of any ICPC-encoded autoimmune disorder in fathers appeared to be associated with an increased risk in their eldest children of developing an allergy (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% CI 1.042 to 1.794). Psoriasis in fathers was particularly shown to be of influence (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.061 to 2.117) and, although any ICPC-encoded autoimmune disease in mothers was found not to be of significance, the combined international code for registering rheumatoid arthritis/ankylosing spondylitis in mothers was OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.031 to 2.852). Conclusions: The occurrence of ICPC-encoded autoimmune disorders in parents, especially psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis/ankylosing spondylitis, significantly increases the occurrence of allergic disease in their children. After validation in follow-up research in a larger sample, these results may lead to the inclusion of ‘parental autoimmune condition’ as a risk factor in the general practitioner's diagnostics of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Maas
- Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Gruzieva O, Merid SK, Melén E. An update on epigenetics and childhood respiratory diseases. Paediatr Respir Rev 2014; 15:348-54. [PMID: 25151612 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, defined as changes in phenotype or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, have been proposed to constitute a link between genetic and environmental factors that affect complex diseases. Recent studies show that DNA methylation, one of the key epigenetic mechanisms, is altered in children exposed to air pollutants and environmental tobacco smoke early in life. Several candidate gene studies on epigenetics have been published to date, but it is only recently that global methylation analyses have been performed for respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, large-scale studies with adequate power are yet to be presented in children, and implications for clinical use remain to be evaluated. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in epigenetics and respiratory disorders in children, with a main focus on methodological challenges and analyses related to phenotype and exposure using global methylation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA control the accessibility of the genome and manage gene transcription in response to the environment in a heritable fashion. Recent evidence suggests that these mechanisms play a role in allergy and asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we give an overview on recent developments in the field of asthma and allergy epigenetics with a special focus on the role of DNA methylation in these diseases, where finally, first pilot studies investigating differences in methylation pattern in patients have been published. Although these studies have to be interpreted with caution, it seems that methylation is affected by environmental stimuli such as prenatal smoke exposure and farming environments, whereas asthma status is associated with change in methylation in early childhood. SUMMARY Early stage data from population studies indicate a role of methylation differences in asthma and allergy, whereas the exact impact of these epigenetic mechanisms on disease development needs to be elucidated further.
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11
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Yang G, Chen J, Xu F, Bao Z, Yao Y, Zhou J. Association between tumor necrosis factor-α rs1800629 polymorphism and risk of asthma: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99962. [PMID: 24936650 PMCID: PMC4061054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the TNF-α rs1800629 (also refers as -308G/A) polymorphism and asthma susceptibility. Methods We searched the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Wanfang databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of association. Results A total of 34 studies involving 5477 asthma patients and 5962 controls were included in present study. The results indicated that TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma risk in a recessive genetic model (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.21–1.76, P<0.0001). Subgroup analyses found that the TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma risk in West Asians and South Asians (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.48–4.12, P = 0.0005; OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.42–2.36, P<0.00001), but not East Asians and Caucasians. Furthermore, significant association also was observed in allergic asthma (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.24–1.83, P<0.0001), adults and children (OR = 1.43, 95 CI% = 1.07–1.91, P = 0.02; OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.19–2.06, P = 0.001). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that the rs1800629 polymorphism in TNF-α was a risk factor for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang Bao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yake Yao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Zetstra-van der Woude PA, De Walle HEK, Hoek A, Bos HJ, Boezen HM, Koppelman GH, de Jong-van den Berg LTW, Scholtens S. Maternal high-dose folic acid during pregnancy and asthma medication in the offspring. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014; 23:1059-65. [PMID: 24930442 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-dose folic acid supplementation (0.5 mg) taken during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk for childhood asthma. The effect of high-dose folic acid (5 mg) advised to women at risk for having a child with neural tube defect has not been assessed so far. Our aim was to investigate the effect of dispensed high-dose folic acid during pregnancy and asthma medication in the offspring. METHODS We used data from the pregnancy database IADB.nl, which contains pharmacy-dispensing data of mothers and children from community pharmacies in the Netherlands from 1994 until 2011. The dispension of asthma medication in children exposed in utero to high-dose folic acid was compared with children who were not exposed to this high dose. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS In 2.9% (N = 913) of the 39,602 pregnancies in the database, the mother was dispensed high-dose folic acid. Maternal high-dose folic acid was associated with an increased rate of asthma medication among children: recurrent asthma medication IRR = 1.14 (95%CI: 1.04-1.30) and recurrent inhaled corticosteroids IRR = 1.26 (95%CI: 1.07-1.47). Associations were clustered on the mother and adjusted for maternal age, maternal asthma medication, and dispension of benzodiazepines during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Almost 3% of the children were prenatally exposed to high-dose folic acid. This study suggests that supplementation of high-dose folic acid during pregnancy might increase the risk of childhood asthma.
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13
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Heijink IH, Nawijn MC, Hackett TL. Airway epithelial barrier function regulates the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:620-30. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. C. Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - T.-L. Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation; St Paul's Hospital; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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de Planell-Saguer M, Lovinsky-Desir S, Miller RL. Epigenetic regulation: the interface between prenatal and early-life exposure and asthma susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:231-43. [PMID: 24323745 PMCID: PMC4148423 DOI: 10.1002/em.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease with genetic and environmental influences and emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation is also a major contributor. Here, we focus on the developing paradigm that epigenetic dysregulation in asthma and allergy may start as early as in utero following several environmental exposures. We summarize the pathways important to the allergic immune response that are epigenetically regulated, the key environmental exposures associated with epigenetic changes in asthma genes, and newly identified epigenetic biomarkers that have been linked to clinical asthma. We conclude with a brief discussion about the potential to apply newly developing technologies in epigenetics to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and allergy. The inherent plasticity of epigenetic regulation following environmental exposures offers opportunities for prevention using environmental remediation, measuring novel biomarkers for early identification of those at risk, and applying advances in pharmaco-epigenetics to tailor medical therapies that maximize efficacy of treatment. 'Precision Medicine' in asthma and allergy is arriving. As the field advances this may involve an individually tailored approach to the prevention, early detection, and treatment of disease based on the knowledge of an individual's epigenetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangels de Planell-Saguer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Correspondence to: Rachel L. Miller, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH8E-101B; 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and asthma in children. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:31. [PMID: 24581224 PMCID: PMC3941253 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has many effects on the health of both adults and children, but children's vulnerability is unique. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and asthma in children, also taking into account their genetic and epigenetic characteristics. RESULTS Air pollutants appear able to induce airway inflammation and increase asthma morbidity in children. A better definition of mechanisms related to pollution-induced airway inflammation in asthmatic children is needed in order to find new clinical and therapeutic strategies for preventing the exacerbation of asthma. Moreover, reducing pollution-induced oxidative stress and consequent lung injury could decrease children's susceptibility to air pollution. This would be extremely useful not only for the asthmatic children who seem to have a genetic susceptibility to oxidative stress, but also for the healthy population. In addition, epigenetics seems to have a role in the lung damage induced by air pollution. Finally, a number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to common air pollutants plays a role in the susceptibility to, and severity of respiratory infections. CONCLUSIONS Air pollution has many negative effects on pediatric health and it is recognised as a serious health hazard. There seems to be an association of air pollution with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and acute respiratory infections. However, further studies are needed in order to clarify the specific mechanism of action of different air pollutants, identify genetic polymorphisms that modify airway responses to pollution, and investigate the effectiveness of new preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for subjects with low antioxidant enzyme levels. Moreover, as that epigenetic changes are inheritable during cell division and may be transmitted to subsequent generations, it is very important to clarify the role of epigenetics in the relationship between air pollution and lung disease in asthmatic and healthy children.
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Asthma and Microbes: A New Paradigm. THE ROLE OF MICROBES IN COMMON NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7120979 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1670-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is worldwide at pandemic levels for the past 30 years but is increasing at a greater rate in more affluent societies. It is a heterogeneous disorder caused by interaction between genetic predisposition, atopy, and environmental factors, including allergens, air pollution, and respiratory infections. The pathological aspects and pathophysiological mechanisms are reviewed in this chapter. Allergens or infectious agents may stimulate Th-2 inflammation which causes activation of IL-13, eosinophils, and increase IgE levels, subsequently leading to bronchial smooth muscle hypercontraction. Respiratory viral infections are well-known causes of precipitation of acute asthma exacerbations in 50–60 % of attacks. There is also increasing evidence that bacterial infections, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, may contribute to the onset and course of asthma. The two main hypothesis of microbial genesis of asthma that has arisen in the past 20–30 years appears to be incongruous, but are not, are the hygiene hypothesis of asthma, and the virus-related asthma, early onset of viral bronchiolitis in the susceptible hosts being responsible for later development of asthma. The clinical and experimental evidences to support these contentions are reviewed and critiqued.
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Curtin JA, Simpson A, Belgrave D, Semic-Jusufagic A, Custovic A, Martinez FD. Methylation of IL-2 promoter at birth alters the risk of asthma exacerbations during childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:304-11. [PMID: 23414538 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications may have a role in asthma susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether epigenetic modification at birth of a CpG site necessary for the regulation of IL-2 transcription (IL-2 Site1) is associated with the development of asthma during childhood. METHODS Methylation of IL-2 Site1 was assessed in cord blood from 303 children (225 with atopic mothers); as controls, we measured methylation of a site not important in the transcription of IL-2 (IL-2 Site7) and methylation of the LINE-1 repetitive element. Children were followed to the age of 8 years. Information on severe asthma exacerbations and hospital admissions was collected from child's primary care medical record. To account for potential confounding by bronchiolitis, we used exacerbations/hospitalizations after age 1 year as primary outcomes. RESULTS There were 49 severe exacerbations amongst 33 children, and 22 hospital admissions amongst 11 children. The risk of asthma exacerbation increased 1.07-fold (95% CI 1.01-1.14, P = 0.03) and the risk of hospital admission increased 1.12-fold (95% CI 1.04-1.20, P = 0.002) for each one per cent increase in IL-2 Site1 methylation. Children who were admitted to hospital at any time-point had significantly higher IL-2 Site1 methylation than children not admitted to hospital (P = 0.007). There was a significant interaction between age at exacerbation (P = 0.03) or hospital admission (P = 0.02) and methylation, with the effect of methylation increasing with increasing age. Methylation of the control IL-2 Site7 or LINE-1 was not a significant predictor of asthma exacerbations/hospital admission, and we found no association between IL-2 Site1 methylation and hospital admissions for other reasons (0.99 [0.92-1.06]). Cord blood mononuclear cell phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphoproliferative responses decreased significantly with increasing IL-2 Site1 methylation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increasing methylation in cord blood of a functional CpG site in the IL-2 promoter is associated with increased likelihood of severe asthma exacerbations and hospital admissions for asthma/wheeze between ages of 2 and 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Curtin
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic mechanisms have the ability to alter the phenotype without changing the genetic code. The science of epigenetics has grown considerably in recent years, and future epigenetically based treatments or prevention strategies are likely. Epigenetic associations with asthma have received growing interest because genetic and environmental factors have been unable to independently explain the cause of asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings suggest that both the environment and underlying genetic sequence variation influence DNA methylation, which in turn seems to modify the risk conferred by genetic variants for various asthma phenotypes. In particular, DNA methylation may act as an archive of a variety of early developmental exposures, which then can modify the risk related to genetic variants. SUMMARY Current asthma treatments may control the symptoms of asthma but do not modify its natural history. Epigenetic mechanisms and novel explanatory models provide burgeoning approaches to significantly increase our understanding of the initiation and progression of asthma. Due to the inheritance of epigenetics, we anticipate a rapid emergence of critical information that will provide novel treatment strategies for asthma in the current generation and ultimately the prevention of asthma in future generations.
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Lee SY, Chang YS, Cho SH. Allergic diseases and air pollution. Asia Pac Allergy 2013; 3:145-54. [PMID: 23956961 PMCID: PMC3736369 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries. Various adverse health outcomes such as allergic disease can be attributed to rapidly increasing air pollution levels. Rapid urbanization and increased energy consumption worldwide have exposed the human body to not only increased quantities of ambient air pollution, but also a greater variety of pollutants. Many studies clearly demonstrate that air pollutants potently trigger asthma exacerbation. Evidence that transportation-related pollutants contribute to the development of allergies is also emerging. Moreover, exposure to particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide contributes to the increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. This article focuses on the current understanding of the detrimental effects of air pollutants on allergic disease including exacerbation to the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema as well as epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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20
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Stapleton G, Schröder-Bäck P, Townend D. Equity in Public Health: An Epigenetic Perspective. Public Health Genomics 2013; 16:135-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000350703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kauffmann F, Demenais F. Gene-environment interactions in asthma and allergic diseases: challenges and perspectives. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013. [PMID: 23195523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of gene-environment (GxE) interactions has dramatically evolved in the last century and has now become a central theme in studies that assess the causes of human disease. Despite the numerous efforts to discover genes associated in asthma and allergy through various approaches, including the recent genome-wide association studies, investigation of GxE interactions has been mainly limited to candidate genes, candidate environmental exposures, or both. This review discusses the various strategies from hypothesis-driven strategies to the full agnostic search of GxE interactions with an illustration from recently published articles. Challenges raised by each piece of the puzzle (ie, phenotype, environment, gene, and analysis of GxE interaction) are put forward, and tentative solutions are proposed. New perspectives to integrate various types of data generated by new sequencing technologies and to progress toward a systems biology approach of disease are outlined. The future of a molecular network-based approach of disease to which GxE interactions are related requires space for innovative and multidisciplinary research. Assembling the various parts of a puzzle in a complex system could well occur in a way that might not necessarily follow the rules of logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Kauffmann
- INSERM, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Air pollution has been increasingly associated with diverse adverse health outcomes, including airway diseases. Data suggest that gene-environment interactions are important in this context. However, evidence regarding causal effects of exposure and development of allergic conditions specifically remains immature. We review the developments of the past 18 months regarding air pollution, genetics and epigenetics, and allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Conflicting evidence for air pollution as causative in the development of allergic disease persists. However, recent data support the associations between long-term exposure to traffic-related pollutants and newly developed sensitization in children. Studies from India and China demonstrate the global burden of health-related costs attributed to air pollutants and allergic diseases. The effect of exposure seems to be modified by coexposures of allergens as well as genetic variants, particularly those moderating response to oxidative stress. Potential links between exposures and epigenetic (DNA methylation) changes with consequences for disease development are also reinforced. SUMMARY Data over the past 18 months support prior literature that air pollutants cause exacerbation, and possibly onset, of allergic disease. Regarding the onset of asthma specifically, the evidence of causality has grown significantly, but it remains difficult to separate allergic from nonallergic asthma. Effect of modification by genetic variants and epigenetic changes warrants further study.
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23
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Melén E, Pershagen G. Pathophysiology of asthma: lessons from genetic research with particular focus on severe asthma. J Intern Med 2012; 272:108-20. [PMID: 22632610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is good evidence that both inherited and environmental factors influence the risk of developing asthma. Only recently, large well-designed studies have been undertaken with the power to identify the genetic causes for asthma, and methods developed in parallel with the Human Genome Project, such as gene expression and epigenetic studies, have made large-scale analyses of functional genetics possible. In this review, we discuss the recent findings from genetic and genomic research studies of asthma, particularly severe asthma, and highlight specific genes for which there are multiple lines of evidence for involvement in asthma pathogenesis. Bio-ontologic enrichment analyses of the most recently identified asthma-related genes point to attributes such as 'molecular and signal transducer activity' and 'immune system processes', which indicates the importance of immunoregulation and inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of asthma. Finally, we discuss how genetic and environmental factors jointly influence asthma susceptibility and summarize how the results may increase understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hedlin
- Centre for Allergy Research Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Kabesch M, Adcock IM. Epigenetics in asthma and COPD. Biochimie 2012; 94:2231-41. [PMID: 22874820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are likely to play a role in many complex diseases, the extent of which we only beginning to understand. COPD and asthma are two respiratory diseases subject to strong environmental influences depending on underlying genetic susceptibility. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA may be involved in these processes by modulating environmental effects to influence disease development. Given their demonstrated modifiable nature, epigenetic mechanisms may open new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Here we give an overview of recent developments in the field of respiratory epigenetics in relation to asthma and COPD in the context of our current understanding of mechanisms leading to such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.
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26
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Antó JM, Pinart M, Akdis M, Auffray C, Bachert C, Basagaña X, Carlsen KH, Guerra S, von Hertzen L, Illi S, Kauffmann F, Keil T, Kiley JP, Koppelman GH, Lupinek C, Martinez FD, Nawijn MC, Postma DS, Siroux V, Smit HA, Sterk PJ, Sunyer J, Valenta R, Valverde S, Akdis CA, Annesi-Maesano I, Ballester F, Benet M, Cambon-Thomsen A, Chatzi L, Coquet J, Demoly P, Gan W, Garcia-Aymerich J, Gimeno-Santos E, Guihenneuc-Jouyaux C, Haahtela T, Heinrich J, Herr M, Hohmann C, Jacquemin B, Just J, Kerkhof M, Kogevinas M, Kowalski ML, Lambrecht BN, Lau S, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Maier D, Momas I, Noel P, Oddie S, Palkonen S, Pin I, Porta D, Punturieri A, Rancière F, Smith RA, Stanic B, Stein RT, van de Veen W, van Oosterhout AJM, Varraso R, Wickman M, Wijmenga C, Wright J, Yaman G, Zuberbier T, Bousquet J. Understanding the complexity of IgE-related phenotypes from childhood to young adulthood: a Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy (MeDALL) seminar. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:943-54.e4. [PMID: 22386796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy (MeDALL), a Seventh Framework Program European Union project, aims to generate novel knowledge on the mechanisms of initiation of allergy. Precise phenotypes of IgE-mediated allergic diseases will be defined in MeDALL. As part of MeDALL, a scientific seminar was held on January 24, 2011, to review current knowledge on the IgE-related phenotypes and to explore how a multidisciplinary effort could result in a new integrative translational approach. This article provides a summary of the meeting. It develops challenges in IgE-related phenotypes and new clinical and epidemiologic approaches to the investigation of allergic phenotypes, including cluster analysis, scale-free models, candidate biomarkers, and IgE microarrays; the particular case of severe asthma was reviewed. Then novel approaches to the IgE-associated phenotypes are reviewed from the individual mechanisms to the systems, including epigenetics, human in vitro immunology, systems biology, and animal models. The last chapter deals with the understanding of the population-based IgE-associated phenotypes in children and adolescents, including age effect in terms of maturation, observed effects of early-life exposures and shift of focus from early life to pregnancy, gene-environment interactions, cohort effects, and time trends in patients with allergic diseases. This review helps to define phenotypes of allergic diseases in MeDALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Antó
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lee A, Nofziger C, Dossena S, Vanoni S, Diasio R, Paulmichl M. Methylation of the human pendrin promoter. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:397-406. [PMID: 22116354 DOI: 10.1159/000335102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspection of the nucleotide sequence of the human pendrin promoter revealed the presence of a CpG island. We investigated the ability of IL-4 to stimulate pendrin message expression in two separate cell lines: the NCI-H292 lung epithelial cell line and the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-Blue cell line. The expression of pendrin mRNA was significantly increased in both cells types after 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours treatment with IL-4, and interestingly, the increase in pendrin mRNA was greater in the NCI-H292 cells. Methylation of CpG sites within the promoter regions of genes can affect activities of gene promoters and have either positive or negative implications on the transcription and mRNA expression of the particular gene. We quantitatively analyzed the methylation status of 35 CpG sites within the human pendrin promoter in both cell lines. The basal methylation pattern was statistically different at multiple CpG sites between the NCI-H292 and HEK-Blue cells. We propose that the difference in basal methylation between the two cell types may determine a cell-specific response to IL-4 in terms of pendrin mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lee
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55408, USA
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Auten RL, Gilmour MI, Krantz QT, Potts EN, Mason SN, Foster WM. Maternal diesel inhalation increases airway hyperreactivity in ozone-exposed offspring. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:454-60. [PMID: 22052876 PMCID: PMC3359947 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0256oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollutant exposure is linked with childhood asthma incidence and exacerbations, and maternal exposure to airborne pollutants during pregnancy increases airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in offspring. To determine if exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) during pregnancy worsened postnatal ozone-induced AHR, timed pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DE (0.5 or 2.0 mg/m(3)) 4 hours daily from Gestation Day 9-17, or received twice-weekly oropharyngeal aspirations of the collected DE particles (DEPs). Placentas and fetal lungs were harvested on Gestation Day 18 for cytokine analysis. In other litters, pups born to dams exposed to air or DE, or to dams treated with aspirated diesel particles, were exposed to filtered air or 1 ppm ozone beginning the day after birth, for 3 hours per day, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Additional pups were monitored after a 4-week recovery period. Diesel inhalation or aspiration during pregnancy increased levels of placental and fetal lung cytokines. There were no significant effects on airway leukocytes, but prenatal diesel augmented ozone-induced elevations of bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines at 4 weeks. Mice born to the high-concentration diesel-exposed dams had worse ozone-induced AHR, which persisted in the 4-week recovery animals. Prenatal diesel exposure combined with postnatal ozone exposure also worsened secondary alveolar crest development. We conclude that maternal inhalation of DE in pregnancy provokes a fetal inflammatory response that, combined with postnatal ozone exposure, impairs alveolar development, and causes a more severe and long-lasting AHR to ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Auten
- Departments of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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