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Jensen MB, Alinaghi F, Chen I, Hedberg JF, Hedberg YS, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Chromium and cobalt in leather: A Danish market survey. Contact Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 39073126 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leather has been a significant source of chromium (Cr) allergy in Denmark since the 1990s. More recently, cobalt (Co) allergy has been identified in leather as a source of allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES To measure Cr and Co levels in Danish leather goods. METHODS A total of 87 leather samples were collected, all tanned in Europe. Handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device was used to screen for the presence of Cr and Co. The 20 leather samples with the highest concentrations of Co and Co were tested using International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-standards. RESULTS XRF analysis showed Cr in 78/87 (83.9%) samples and Co in 52/87 (59.7%), with average concentrations of 41 mg/kg (range: 0.0-77 mg/kg) and 0.22 mg/kg (range: 0.0-2.9 mg/kg), respectively. ISO 10195 and 17 075-1 testing identified Cr (VI) in 7 out of 20 samples (1.4; 0.3-4.2 mg/kg), while ISO 17072-1 detected Co in 6 of 20 samples, averaging 3.95 mg/kg (range: 0.22-7.9 mg/kg). CONCLUSION Most leather samples contained Cr, which was expected, while Cr (VI) was detectable in seven out of twenty tested samples but only detected in one product above the regulatory limit of 3 mg/kg. A potentially significant concentration was found for Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bak Jensen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Farzad Alinaghi
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ivan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonas F Hedberg
- Surface Science Western, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yolanda S Hedberg
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Surface Science Western, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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2
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Pei Y, Ren J, Zhang H, Liu QS, Hou X, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Screening Allergenic Potencies of Skin-Contact Products Using the Human-Derived THP-1 Cell Activation Test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:291-301. [PMID: 38126320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from the usage of skin-contact products, like wearable, skin care, and hair care products, screening their skin sensitizing potential is necessary, for the sake of alleviating the consequent public health impact. In the present study, a total of 77 skin-contact products classified by four categories, watch bands (WBs), skin care products (SCPs), hair care products (HCPs), and rubber gloves (RGs), were investigated, using an optimized in vitro assay of human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). Extracting the products using neutral artificial sweat simulated well the practical usage scenarios, and testing the extracts showed that 26 of them were allergy test positive, including nine WBs, six SCPs, two HCPs, and nine RGs. The allergenic response was mainly characterized by the induction of CD54 expression, and diverse paradigms of CD54 and CD86 levels were observed by analyzing dose-response curves, which could also be influenced by the compromised viability of the THP-1 cells. The data implicated the intricate regulation by different contributors to suspicious ingredients in the test samples. Altogether, a promising methodology for testing skin allergy potential was well established for commonly used commodities by neutral artificial sweat extraction coupled with h-CLAT screening. The findings would be of great help in tracing the potential allergens in practical products and improving their qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Thyssen JP, Schuttelaar MLA, Alfonso JH, Andersen KE, Angelova-Fischer I, Arents BWM, Bauer A, Brans R, Cannavo A, Christoffers WA, Crépy MN, Elsner P, Fartasch M, Larese Filon F, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gonçalo M, Guzmán-Perera MG, Hamann CR, Hoetzenecker W, Johansen JD, John SM, Kunkeler ACM, Ljubojevic Hadzavdic S, Molin S, Nixon R, Oosterhaven JAF, Rustemeyer T, Serra-Baldrich E, Shah M, Simon D, Skudlik C, Spiewak R, Valiukevičienė S, Voorberg AN, Weisshaar E, Agner T. Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 86:357-378. [PMID: 34971008 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Thyssen
- Dep. Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose H Alfonso
- Dep. of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Dep. of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus E Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Irena Angelova-Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Bernd W M Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis, Nijkerk, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Allergy Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Brans
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Alicia Cannavo
- Contact Dermatitis and Occupational Dermatoses, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires University, Argentina
| | | | - Marie-Noelle Crépy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, University Hospital of Centre of Paris, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Centre of Paris, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Peter Elsner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine (IPA) of the German Social Accident Insurance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Occupational Dermatology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hopsital del Mar, IMIM , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Clinic of Dermatology - University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carsten R Hamann
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Wolfram Hoetzenecker
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital and Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Amalia C M Kunkeler
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sonja Molin
- Division of Dermatology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Rosemary Nixon
- Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jart A F Oosterhaven
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology-Allergology and Occupational Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mili Shah
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Skudlik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Radoslaw Spiewak
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Skaidra Valiukevičienė
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelique N Voorberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Division of Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tove Agner
- Dep. Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Are Zirconia Bioceramics and Ceramics Intended to Come in Contact with Skin Inert? MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071697. [PMID: 32260495 PMCID: PMC7178696 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Generally speaking, ceramic materials are insensitive to corrosion, compared to most other materials. The present study questions the fact that ceramics are inert. Two major aspects are to be considered: the stability of zirconia over time, the stable tetragonal phase transforming into an unstable monoclinic form; the multitude of manufacturing methods, using various additives, sintering additives, oxides mixing, impurities, grain boundaries, and porosities which strongly influence the corrosion behavior and chemical degradation. In case of the investigated ceramics two paths were pursued:a) Dissolutions of ceramics in a mixture of HNO3 60% and HF 40% ultrapure medium.b) Release of cations from ceramics in various mediums:dental bioceramics in a 0.07 M HCl medium and a 0.1% NaF+0.1% KF medium; ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications in a HCl 0.07 M medium and an artificial sweat medium. By inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS), traces of significant chemical elements were assessed: Hf, Cr, Y, As, Pb, Al, Fe, Cu, Se, Sb, La, Ni, Co, Sb, Ta, Te, Ba, Sm, Nb, Hg, Cd, Sr, As and Se. In ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications the concentrations found vary from one ceramic to another, including toxic elements such as Te, Ba, As, Pb, Sm, Hg and Cd, therefore being technical zirconia ceramics which are not intended for the medical field. For ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications a screening identification test for Ni, Co, Cu and Fe with strips of type Merckoquant® (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) was also performed. The obtained data prove that the zirconia ceramics in question are far from being "inert".
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5
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Impact of Heavy Metals on Host Cells: Special Focus on Nickel-Mediated Pathologies and Novel Interventional Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:1041-1058. [PMID: 31782370 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191129120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals [arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel (Ni), palladium and titanium] are environmental contaminants able to impact with host human cells, thus, leading to severe damage. OBJECTIVE In this review, the detrimental effects of several heavy metals on human organs will be discussed and special emphasis will be placed on Ni. In particular, Ni is able to interact with Toll-like receptor-4 on immune and non-immune cells, thus, triggering the cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, inflammatory and allergic reactions mediated by Ni will be illustrated within different organs, even including the central nervous system, airways and the gastrointestinal system. DISCUSSION Different therapeutic strategies have been adopted to mitigate Ni-induced inflammatoryallergic reactions. In this context, the ability of polyphenols to counteract the inflammatory pathway induced by Ni on peripheral blood leukocytes from Ni-sensitized patients will be outlined. In particular, polyphenols are able to decrease serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, while increasing levels of IL- 10. These data suggest that the equilibrium between T regulatory cells and T helper 17 cells is recovered with IL-10 acting as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the same context, polyphenols reduced elevated serum levels of nitric oxide, thus, expressing their anti-oxidant potential. Finally, the carcinogenic potential of heavy metals, even including Ni, will be highlighted. CONCLUSION Heavy metals, particularly Ni, are spread in the environment. Nutritional approaches seem to represent a novel option in the treatment of Ni-induced damage and, among them, polyphenols should be taken into consideration for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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6
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Comparative Analysis of the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Alloys Intended to Come into Direct or Prolonged Contact with Live Tissues. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172841. [PMID: 31484467 PMCID: PMC6751502 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the biological safety and degradation of materials is quite important for risk assessment in various biomedical applications. In this study, two procedures were followed to characterize the corrosion resistance of different Ti-based alloys. The first one consisted of performing specific electrochemical tests (open circuit potential, linear resistance polarization, Tafel plots, potentiodynamic polarization) in order to highlight their behavior to the general and localized corrosion. The static and dynamic fatigue cycles combined with crevice corrosion conducted on a new prototype have completed the study. The second procedure followed was a cations extraction investigation (by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in order to verify the ionic permeability of the oxides layers formed on the surfaces. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for surface analysis. It was noticed that in these two electrolytes, the bulk Ti-based alloys presented an almost similar general corrosion behavior. The small differences of behavior for Ti6Al4V scaffolds were correlated to the surface oxidation and roughness (owing to the selective laser melting process). The Ti alloys presented no traces of localized corrosion at the end of the test. The fatigue cycles revealed that a strong and adhesive oxides film was formed during the static cycles (difficult to remove even during the depassivation steps). The concentration of cations released was at the detection limit, revealing very good passivation films, in adequacy with the all the other results.
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7
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Tewari A, Khan I, Ostlere L. Steering wheel and gearstick dermatitis caused by chromate. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:322-323. [PMID: 31125131 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tewari
- Department of dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lucy Ostlere
- Department of dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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8
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Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels Intended to Come into Direct or Prolonged Contact with the Skin. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060987. [PMID: 30934640 PMCID: PMC6471766 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of materials in contact with a living tissue becomes a puzzle in the overall picture of assessing the toxic effects of chemicals that come into contact with us. Allergic reactions to substances are a significant and growing health problem affecting large parts of the population in Europe. Wristwatches are objects worn in prolonged contact with the skin, being subject to localized corrosion, especially pitting and crevice types, in sulfide-chloride medium, and high wear in the bracelets joints. Watches of medium quality are usually made of stainless steels. The X2 CrNiMo 17-12-2 316L grade as well as X1 CrNiMo 20-25-5 Cu 1 or 904L are commonly used, having good resistance to generalized corrosion. The passive layer is nevertheless insufficient to ensure complete immunity in all cases of localized corrosion encountered during wear. For this reason, a high-corrosion-resistant steel: X1 CrNiMo 18-15-4 N 0.15 or 317LMN, from three different suppliers was evaluated. Metallographic characterization was carried out. The corrosion behavior evaluation was performed for the generalized corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion and galvanic corrosion. Galvanic couples steel 317LMN-gold 18K alloy 3N and gold 18K 5M were used. The results of the generalized and pitting corrosion test indicated three basic groups. All of the 317LMNs were similar. The 316L variants tested noticeably worse. The 904Ls were difficult to discern, but certainly easier than the 316Ls and, possibly, at least comparable to the 317LMNs.
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9
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Lejding T, Mowitz M, Isaksson M, Bruze M, Pontén A, Svedman C, Zimerson E, Engfeldt M. A retrospective investigation of hexavalent chromium allergy in southern Sweden. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 78:386-392. [PMID: 29572843 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, allergic contact dermatitis caused by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in cement was the most common cause of invalidity attributable to skin disease in Sweden. Since the legislation to reduce Cr(VI) in cement was introduced in 1989, we rarely see allergic contact dermatitis caused by cement. OBJECTIVES To examine the frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) in southern Sweden in 2005-2014. METHODS We investigated the occurrence of positive reactions to potassium dichromate 0.5% pet. in consecutively tested dermatitis patients, and compared the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, localization of dermatitis and simultaneous positive reactions to cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate in the Cr(VI)-positive patients with those in a group of patients with a similar age and sex distribution. RESULTS In total, 6482 patients were tested, and 233 Cr(VI)-allergic individuals were found (3.6%). A significantly higher proportion of atopic dermatitis was found among Cr(VI)-allergic patients, and a significantly higher share of foot dermatitis was found among Cr(VI)-allergic women, than among controls. Cr(VI) allergy was less likely when both nickel allergy and cobalt allergy were present. CONCLUSION A relatively high frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) was found. The cause has shifted from cement exposure to other exposures, probably mainly leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lejding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
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10
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Halling-Overgaard AS, Kezic S, Jakasa I, Engebretsen K, Maibach H, Thyssen J. Skin absorption through atopic dermatitis skin: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:84-106. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.-S. Halling-Overgaard
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
- National Allergy Research Centre; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - S. Kezic
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - I. Jakasa
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - K.A. Engebretsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
- National Allergy Research Centre; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - H. Maibach
- Department of Dermatology; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA U.S.A
| | - J.P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
- National Allergy Research Centre; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
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11
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Overgaard LEK, Engebretsen KA, Jensen P, Johansen JD, Thyssen JP. Nickel released from children's toys is deposited on the skin. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 74:380-1. [PMID: 27133630 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Line E K Overgaard
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kristiane A Engebretsen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Jensen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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12
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Ahlström MG, Menné T, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD. Nickel allergy in a Danish population 25 years after the first nickel regulation. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:325-332. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malin G. Ahlström
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
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13
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Bregnbak D, Thyssen JP, Jellesen MS, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Experimental patch testing with chromium-coated materials. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:333-341. [PMID: 28120332 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium coatings on metal alloys can be decorative, and prevent corrosion and metal ion release. We recently showed that handling of a chromium-containing disc resulted in chromium deposition on the skin. OBJECTIVES To examine patch test reactivity to chromium-coated discs. METHODS We included 15 patients: 10 chromium-allergic patients, and 5 patients without chromium allergy. All were patch tested with potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, nickel sulfate, and nine different metallic discs. The chromium-allergic patients were also patch tested with serial dilutions of potassium dichromate. RESULTS Positive/weaker reactions were observed to disc B (1 of 10), disc C (1 of 10), and disc D, disc E, and disc I (4 of 10 each). As no controls reacted to any of the discs, the weak reactions indicate allergic reactions. Positive patch test reactions to 1770 ppm chromium(VI) in the serial dilutions of potassium dichromate were observed in 7 of 10 patients. When the case group was narrowed down to include only the patients with a current positive patch test reaction to potassium dichromate, elicitation of dermatitis by both chromium(III) and chromium(VI) discs was observed in 4 of 7 of patients. CONCLUSIONS Many of the patients reacted to both chromium(III) and chromium(VI) surfaces. Our results indicate that both chromium(VI) and chromium(III) pose a risk to chromium-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bregnbak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten S Jellesen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Surface Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
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14
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Agner T, Aalto-Korte K, Andersen KE, Foti C, Gimenéz-Arnau A, Goncalo M, Goossens A, Le Coz C, Diepgen TL. Factors associated with combined hand and foot eczema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:828-832. [PMID: 27768241 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As for hand eczema, the aetiology of foot eczema is multifactorial and not very well understood. The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with foot eczema in a cohort of hand eczema patients being classified into different subgroups. METHODS Associations between foot and hand eczema were studied in a cross-sectional design in a cohort of hand eczema patients. Consecutive patients were recruited from nine different European Centres during the period October 2011-September 2012. Data on demographic factors, presence of foot eczema, hand eczema duration and severity, and whether the hand eczema was work-related or not were available, as well as patch-test results. RESULTS Of a total of 427 hand eczema patients identified, information on foot eczema was available in 419 patients who were included in the present study. A total of 125 patients (29.8%) had concomitant foot and hand eczema. It was found more often in association with hyperkeratotic hand eczema (P = 0.007) and was less often associated with irritant hand eczema (P < 0.001). However, foot eczema was nevertheless found in 18% of patient with irritant hand eczema and in 25% of patients with occupational hand eczema. Combined foot and hand eczema was associated with more severe and long-standing hand eczema (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Contact allergy was found in 51.8% with no difference between patients with combined foot and hand eczema and patients with hand eczema only. CONCLUSION Occurrence of combined foot and hand eczema is a common finding and not restricted to endogenous hand eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Agner
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - K Aalto-Korte
- Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K E Andersen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Foti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Gimenéz-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Goncalo
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Goossens
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Le Coz
- Cabinet de Dermatologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - T L Diepgen
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine, Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Leather Contains Cobalt and Poses a Risk of Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Cobalt Indicator Solution and X-ray Florescence Spectrometry as Screening Tests. Dermatitis 2016; 27:202-7. [DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Bregnbak D, Thyssen JP, Jellesen MS, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Experimental skin deposition of chromium on the hands following handling of samples of leather and metal. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 75:89-95. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bregnbak
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900 Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900 Denmark
| | - Morten S. Jellesen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Surface Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; Gentofte University Hospital; Hellerup 2900 Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900 Denmark
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17
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Fischer LA, Johansen JD, Voelund A, Lidén C, Julander A, Midander K, Menné T, Thyssen JP. Elicitation threshold of cobalt chloride: analysis of patch test dose-response studies. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 74:105-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Fischer
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Aage Voelund
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Carola Lidén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anneli Julander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Klara Midander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Torkil Menné
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; DK-2900 Hellerup Denmark
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18
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Moretto A. Hexavalent and trivalent chromium in leather: What should be done? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:681-6. [PMID: 26361854 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trivalent chromium compounds are used for leather tanning, and chromium may be released during use of leather goods. In certain instances, small amounts of hexavalent chromium can be formed and released. Both trivalent and hexavalent chromium can elicit allergic skin reaction in chromium sensitised subjects, the latter being significantly more potent. Induction of sensitisation only occurs after exposure to hexavalent chromium. A minority of subjects are sensitised to chromium, and in a fraction of these subjects allergic skin reaction have been described after wearing leather shoes or, less frequently, other leather goods. The evidence that in all these cases the reaction is related to hexavalent chromium is not always strong. The content of hexavalent chromium in leather is regulated in European Union, but rate of release rather than content is relevant for allergic skin reaction. The role of trivalent chromium appear much less relevant if at all. Modern tanning procedure do not pose significant risk due to either hexavalent or trivalent chromium. Dismissing bad quality and worn-off leather goods is relevant in reducing or eliminating the skin reaction. It should also be pointed out that shoe components or substances other than chromium in leather may cause allergic/irritative skin reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Moretto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche (Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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19
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Bregnbak D, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, Menné T, Johansen JD. Association between cobalt allergy and dermatitis caused by leather articles - a questionnaire study. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 72:106-14. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bregnbak
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900, Niels Andersens Vej 65 Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900, Niels Andersens Vej 65 Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900, Niels Andersens Vej 65 Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900, Niels Andersens Vej 65 Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup 2900, Niels Andersens Vej 65 Denmark
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20
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Bregnbak D, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Characteristics of chromium-allergic dermatitis patients prior to regulatory intervention for chromium in leather: a questionnaire study. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71:338-47. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bregnbak
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Ledreborg Allé 40, Gentofte 2820 Denmark
| | - Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Ledreborg Allé 40, Gentofte 2820 Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Niels Andersens Vej 65; Hellerup 2900 Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Ledreborg Allé 40, Gentofte 2820 Denmark
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21
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Abstract
We discuss allergic contact dermatitis to the iPad to highlight a potential source of nickel exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Jacob
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Shehla Admani
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
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22
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Kleiter I, Dickel H, Soemantri SP, Börnke C. Allergic granulomatous skin reaction to electromyography needle. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:867-8. [PMID: 25043254 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Kleiter
- Departments of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Richardson C, Hamann CR, Hamann D, Thyssen JP. Mobile Phone Dermatitis in Children and Adults: A Review of the Literature. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2014; 27:60-69. [PMID: 24963454 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2013.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phones have been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Methods: A comprehensive online literature review was conducted through the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed MEDLINE) using appropriate medical subject headings and keywords. Results: Thirty-seven cases of mobile phone-related ACD were found. Six studies evaluating allergen release from mobile phones were found. Conclusions: Case reports of mobile phone-associated ACD have risen rapidly in number since 2000. Case reports highlight mobile phone ACD in both pediatric and adult populations in many countries. Metal allergens, notably nickel and chromium, were frequently implicated in mobile phone associated ACD. Nickel release from mobile phones appears to be common and has been reported in both cheap and expensive mobile phones, including phones covered under the EU Nickel Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Richardson
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Carsten R Hamann
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine , Loma Linda, California
| | - Dathan Hamann
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix , Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte , Hellerup, Denmark
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