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Peng X, Ge Y, Li W, Lin X, Song H, Lin L, Zhao J, Gao Y, Wang J, Li J, Huang Y, Li Y, Li L. Targeting Lewis X oligosaccharide-modified liposomes encapsulated with house dust mite allergen Der f 2 to dendritic cells inhibits Th2 immune response. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106570. [PMID: 37634600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only curative treatment for allergic diseases. However, the long desensitization phase and potentially dangerous allergic side effects limit its broad application. Therefore, safer and more effective vaccines are required. Targeting dendritic cells (DCs) with novel allergen conjugates is a promising strategy for AIT. In this study, a novel vaccine with a DC-targeting effect for AIT was constructed. Liposomes were used as vehicles, and a targeted nanovaccine (Lex-lip-Der f 2) was constructed by loading the recombinant group 2 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f 2) and conjugating with the DC-SIGN ligand Lewis X. The effect of the vaccine on DCs and T cell responses and the safety of the vaccine were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the Lex-lip-Der f 2 vaccine was spherical, with size of approximately 128 nm. The protein-loading capacity of the vaccine was 0.106 ± 0.001 mg per mg liposome and protein was gradually released from the liposomes during the first 12 h. Lex-lip-Der f 2 was taken up more efficiently by DCs than non-targeted liposomes or free Der f 2. Besides, Lex-lip-Der f 2 significantly inhibited the release of IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-a from DCs. Accordingly, Der f 2-lip loaded DCs significantly decreased IL-4 levels in autologous naïve CD4+T cells. Moreover, Lex-lip-Der f 2-treated basophils showed lower activation levels. These results suggest that DC-SIGN targeting mediated by Lewis X could inhibit the Th2 cell response and improve vaccine safety, and may be a novel vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Yiqin Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Weize Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Xiuke Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University
| | - Hua Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University
| | - Lihui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Yanting Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of medicine, China.
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Krishna SS, Farhana SA, T.P. A, Hussain SM, Viswanad V, Nasr MH, Sahu RK, Khan J. Modulation of immune response by nanoparticle-based immunotherapy against food allergens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229667. [PMID: 37744376 PMCID: PMC10515284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of food allergies worldwide and the subsequent life-threatening anaphylactic reactions often have sparse treatment options, providing only symptomatic relief. Great strides have been made in research and in clinics in recent years to offer novel therapies for the treatment of allergic disorders. However, current allergen immunotherapy has its own shortcomings in terms of long-term efficacy and safety, due to the local side effects and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is an established therapy in treating allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. It acts through the downregulation of T cell, and IgE-mediated reactions, as well as desensitization, a process of food tolerance without any allergic events. This would result in a protective reaction that lasts for approximately 3 years, even after the withdrawal of therapy. Furthermore, allergen-specific immunotherapy also exploits several routes such as oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous immunotherapy. As the safety and efficacy of allergen immunotherapy are still under research, the exploration of newer routes such as intra-lymphatic immunotherapy would address unfulfilled needs. In addition, the existence of nanoparticles can be exploited immensely in allergen immunotherapy, which would lead to safer and efficacious therapy. This manuscript highlights a novel drug delivery method for allergen-specific immunotherapy that involves the administration of specific allergens to the patients in gradual increasing doses, to induce desensitization and tolerance, as well as emphasizing different routes of administration, mechanism, and the application of nanoparticles in allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivadas Swathi Krishna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science (AIMS) Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Syeda Ayesha Farhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ardra T.P.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science (AIMS) Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Shalam M. Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Rayyan Medical College, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vidya Viswanad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science (AIMS) Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Muhammed Hassan Nasr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras, Tehri, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jiyauddin Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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El-Sayed N, Korotchenko E, Scheiblhofer S, Weiss R, Schneider M. Functionalized multifunctional nanovaccine for targeting dendritic cells and modulation of immune response. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Korotchenko E, Schießl V, Scheiblhofer S, Schubert M, Dall E, Joubert IA, Strandt H, Neuper T, Sarajlic M, Bauer R, Geppert M, Joedicke D, Wildner S, Schaller S, Winkler S, Gadermaier G, Horejs‐Hoeck J, Weiss R. Laser-facilitated epicutaneous immunotherapy with hypoallergenic beta-glucan neoglycoconjugates suppresses lung inflammation and avoids local side effects in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:210-222. [PMID: 32621318 PMCID: PMC7818228 DOI: 10.1111/all.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergen‐specific immunotherapy via the skin targets a tissue rich in antigen‐presenting cells, but can be associated with local and systemic side effects. Allergen‐polysaccharide neoglycogonjugates increase immunization efficacy by targeting and activating dendritic cells via C‐type lectin receptors and reduce side effects. Objective We investigated the immunogenicity, allergenicity, and therapeutic efficacy of laminarin‐ovalbumin neoglycoconjugates (LamOVA). Methods The biological activity of LamOVA was characterized in vitro using bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells. Immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy were analyzed in BALB/c mice. Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) was performed using fractional infrared laser ablation to generate micropores in the skin, and the effects of LamOVA on blocking IgG, IgE, cellular composition of BAL, lung, and spleen, lung function, and T‐cell polarization were assessed. Results Conjugation of laminarin to ovalbumin reduced its IgE binding capacity fivefold and increased its immunogenicity threefold in terms of IgG generation. EPIT with LamOVA induced significantly higher IgG levels than OVA, matching the levels induced by s.c. injection of OVA/alum (SCIT). EPIT was equally effective as SCIT in terms of blocking IgG induction and suppression of lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, but SCIT was associated with higher levels of therapy‐induced IgE and TH2 cytokines. EPIT with LamOVA induced significantly lower local skin reactions during therapy compared to unconjugated OVA. Conclusion Conjugation of ovalbumin to laminarin increased its immunogenicity while at the same time reducing local side effects. LamOVA EPIT via laser‐generated micropores is safe and equally effective compared to SCIT with alum, without the need for adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktoria Schießl
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Elfriede Dall
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Helen Strandt
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Muamera Sarajlic
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Renate Bauer
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Mark Geppert
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - David Joedicke
- Research and Development University of Applied Biosciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria
| | - Sabrina Wildner
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Susanne Schaller
- Research and Development University of Applied Biosciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria
| | - Stephan Winkler
- Research and Development University of Applied Biosciences Upper Austria Hagenberg Austria
| | | | | | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
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Yu Q, Huang Y, Zhu C, Wu X, Tai Z, Xie X, Qi J, Wu W, Chen Z, Lu Y, Zhu Q. Combination of Microneedles and MF59 Adjuvant as a Simple Approach to Enhance Transcutaneous Immunization. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2020; 16:1776-1786. [PMID: 33485404 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2020.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MF59, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion, has been used in licensed seasonal influenza vaccines for many years. Administration of such vaccines by injection is associated with pain and safety issues. Here, we evaluated the potential of administering MF59 via a transcutaneous route with antigen loading (either encapsulated into or mixed with MF59) to intact or microneedle-pretreated skin. In addition to commercial MF59, we also prepared a nanoemulsion to encapsulate hydrophilic antigens by mimicking the formulation and preparation technique of MF59. The nanoemulsion was prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion method, and was similar to MF59 in composition, particle size, and morphology. Compared with the intact skin group, the microneedle-pretreated group showed significant enhanced antigen penetration. In vivo transcutaneous immunization analysis showed that the MF59-adjuvant influenza vaccine elicited approximately 3-5 times higher hemagglutination inhibition titers than the influenza solution alone in BALB/c mice after microneedle pretreatment. The intact skin group showed negative immune results at the same dose, suggesting that microneedle pretreatment was critical for efficient delivery of antigens, to obtain strong immune responses. Furthermore, the loading method (encapsulation or mixing with the vehicle) did not affect the dermal penetration or transcutaneous immunization of antigens on microneedle-pretreated skin. Moreover, in vitro cellular assays showed that MF59 facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells and enhanced antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells. In conclusion, the combination of microneedle pretreatment and mixing of MF59 with antigen provides a simple approach to enhance transcutaneous immunization.
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Di Gioacchino M, Petrarca C, Gatta A, Scarano G, Farinelli A, Della Valle L, Lumaca A, Del Biondo P, Paganelli R, Di Giampaolo L. Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy: state of the art and future perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:513-525. [PMID: 32343153 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1762572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For several years now, medicine has been benefiting from the contribution of nanoparticles (NPs) technology for both diagnosis and therapy. They can be used as adjuvants, being capable per se of immune-modulating activity, or as carriers for molecules to be transported to a specific target, eventually loaded with specific ligands favoring specific uptake. AREAS COVERED The review focuses on experimental use of NPs as adjuvants/carriers for allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Human clinical trials conducted so far are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Results of experimental studies and recent clinical trials support the use of NPs as carrier/adjuvant in AIT. Comparisons between NP-based and classical AIT are needed, to show the usefulness of the NP-based approach. However, there are still unsolved problems: the persistence of non-degradable NPs with possible toxicological consequences, and the formation of the protein corona around the NPs, which could alter their activity and fate. Virus-like particles seem the most promising NPs for allergy treatment, as for other vaccines. Over the next decade, NP-based AIT will be largely used to treat allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Leonardo Da Vinci, University , Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessia Gatta
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - Gilda Scarano
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Anila Farinelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Loredana Della Valle
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Arianna Lumaca
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Pietro Del Biondo
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Roberto Paganelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Specialization School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Italy
| | - Luca Di Giampaolo
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti, Pescara, Italy
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Gamazo C, D'Amelio C, Gastaminza G, Ferrer M, Irache JM. Adjuvants for allergy immunotherapeutics. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2416-2427. [PMID: 28825867 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1348447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are reaching epidemic proportions in developed countries. In particular, food allergy is increasing in prevalence and severity, thus becoming an important socioeconomic burden. Numerous cell types and cell populations, which form an intricate and balanced network, are involved in an immune response. This balance is occasionally disturbed, leading to the onset of different diseases, such as allergic diseases. Antihistamines and corticosteroids provide some degree of relief from the symptoms of allergic conditions. However, the only treatment that can revert the disease is immunotherapy. Nevertheless, specific immunotherapy has at least 2 major drawbacks: it is time-consuming, and it can produce local and even systemic allergic side effects. Immunotherapy's potential goes beyond our current knowledge of the immune response; nevertheless, we can still design strategies to reach a safer immune modulation for treating allergies. This review deals with the use of adjuvants to reduce the undesirable side effects associated with specific allergen immunotherapy. For example, nanoparticles used as immunoadjuvants are offering promising results in preclinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gamazo
- a Dept. Microbiology , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (Idisna), University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Carmen D'Amelio
- b Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology , Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Pamplona , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Gabriel Gastaminza
- c Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology , Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Pamplona , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Marta Ferrer
- d Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology , Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Pamplona , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- e Dept. Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
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Machado Y, Duinkerken S, Hoepflinger V, Mayr M, Korotchenko E, Kurtaj A, Pablos I, Steiner M, Stoecklinger A, Lübbers J, Schmid M, Ritter U, Scheiblhofer S, Ablinger M, Wally V, Hochmann S, Raninger AM, Strunk D, van Kooyk Y, Thalhamer J, Weiss R. Synergistic effects of dendritic cell targeting and laser-microporation on enhancing epicutaneous skin vaccination efficacy. J Control Release 2017; 266:87-99. [PMID: 28919557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique immunological properties, the skin is an attractive target tissue for allergen-specific immunotherapy. In our current work, we combined a dendritic cell targeting approach with epicutaneous immunization using an ablative fractional laser to generate defined micropores in the upper layers of the skin. By coupling the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 to mannan from S. cerevisiae via mild periodate oxidation we generated hypoallergenic Bet-mannan neoglycoconjugates, which efficiently targeted CD14+ dendritic cells and Langerhans cells in human skin explants. Mannan conjugation resulted in sustained release from the skin and retention in secondary lymphoid organs, whereas unconjugated antigen showed fast renal clearance. In a mouse model, Bet-mannan neoglycoconjugates applied via laser-microporated skin synergistically elicited potent humoral and cellular immune responses, superior to intradermal injection. The induced antibody responses displayed IgE-blocking capacity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the approach. Moreover, application via micropores, but not by intradermal injection, resulted in a mixed TH1/TH17-biased immune response. Our data clearly show that applying mannan-neoglycoconjugates to an organ rich in dendritic cells using laser-microporation is superior to intradermal injection. Due to their low IgE binding capacity and biodegradability, mannan neoglycoconjugates therefore represent an attractive formulation for allergen-specific epicutaneous immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Machado
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sanne Duinkerken
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Melissa Mayr
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Almedina Kurtaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Isabel Pablos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Steiner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Joyce Lübbers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Uwe Ritter
- Department of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Ablinger
- Division of Experimental Dermatology, EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- Division of Experimental Dermatology, EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria
| | - Anna M Raninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Scheiblhofer S, Strobl A, Hoepflinger V, Thalhamer T, Steiner M, Thalhamer J, Weiss R. Skin vaccination via fractional infrared laser ablation - Optimization of laser-parameters and adjuvantation. Vaccine 2017; 35:1802-1809. [PMID: 28117172 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods to deliver an antigen into the skin in a painless, defined, and reproducible manner are essential for transcutaneous immunization (TCI). Here, we employed an ablative fractional infrared laser (P.L.E.A.S.E. Professional) to introduce clinically relevant vaccines into the skin. To elicit the highest possible antibody titers with this system, we optimized different laser parameters, such as fluence and pore number per area, and tested various adjuvants. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized with Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by laser-microporation. Adjuvants used were alum, CRM197, monophosphoryl lipid A, heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B of E. coli (LT-B), and CpG ODN1826. The influence of different fluences (2.1 to 16.8J/cm2) and pore densities (5-15%) was investigated. Furthermore, immunogenicity of HBsAg and the commercially available conjugate vaccines ActHIB® and Menveo® applied via TCI was compared to standard i.m. injection. Antigen-specific antibody titers were assessed by luminometric ELISA. RESULTS Antibody titers against HBsAg were dependent on pore depth and peaked at a fluence of 8.4J/cm2. Immunogenicity was independent of pore density. Adjuvantation with alum significantly reduced antibody titers after TCI, whereas other adjuvants only induced marginal changes in total IgG titers. LT-B and CpG shifted the polarization of the immune response as indicated by decreased IgG1/IgG2a ratios. HBsAg/LT-B applied via TCI induced similar antibody titers compared to i.m. injection of HBsAg/alum. In contrast to i.m. injection, we observed a dose response from 5 to 20μg after TCI. Both, ActHIB® and Menveo® induced high antibody titers after TCI, which were comparable to i.m. injection. CONCLUSIONS Alum, the most commonly used adjuvant, is contraindicated for transcutaneous vaccination via laser-generated micropores. TCI with optimized laser parameters induces high antibody titers, which cannot be significantly increased by the tested adjuvants. Commercially available vaccines formulated without alum have the potential for successful TCI via laser-generated micropores, without the need for reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scheiblhofer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Strobl
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Veronika Hoepflinger
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Thalhamer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Steiner
- Pantec Biosolutions AG, Industriering 21, Ruggell, Liechtenstein
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, Austria.
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The Biochemistry of Hyaluronan in the Interstitial Space. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schülke S, Vieths S. Dendritic cell targeting with C-type lectins for improvement of allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:568-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Scheiblhofer S, Machado Y, Feinle A, Thalhamer J, Hüsing N, Weiss R. Potential of nanoparticles for allergen-specific immunotherapy - use of silica nanoparticles as vaccination platform. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1777-1788. [PMID: 27321476 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1203898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only curative approach for the treatment of allergies. There is an urgent need for improved therapies, which increase both, efficacy and patient compliance. Novel routes of immunization and the use of more advanced vaccine platforms have gained heightened interest in this field. Areas covered: The current status of allergen-specific immunotherapy is summarized and novel routes of immunization and their challenges in the clinics are critically discussed. The use of nanoparticles as novel delivery system for allergy vaccines is comprehensively reviewed. Specifically, the advantages of silica nanoparticles as vaccine carriers and adjuvants are summarized. Expert opinion: Future allergen-specific immunotherapy will combine engineered hypoallergenic vaccines with novel routes of administration, such as the skin. Due to their biodegradability, and the easiness to introduce surface modifications, silica nanoparticles are promising candidates for tailor-made vaccines. By covalently linking allergens and polysaccharides to silica nanoparticles, a versatile vaccination platform can be designed to specifically target antigen-presenting cells, render the formulation hypoallergenic, and introduce immunomodulatory functions. Combining potent skin vaccination methods, such as fractional laser ablation, with nanoparticle-based vaccines addresses all the requirements for safe and efficient therapy of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scheiblhofer
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Yoan Machado
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Andrea Feinle
- b Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Materials Chemistry Division , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Nicola Hüsing
- b Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Materials Chemistry Division , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- a Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
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Transcutaneous Immunization Using Nano-sized Drug Carriers. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3121-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only curative treatment for allergic diseases. In spite of the great progress in both vaccine development and the methods of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in recent years, several key problems related to limited efficacy, side-effects, low patient adherence and the relatively high costs due to the long duration (3-5 years) remain to be solved. The current approaches aiming at optimization of AIT are reviewed, including both conceptual studies in experimental models and proof-of-concept - as well as large, multicenter clinical studies. RECENT FINDINGS The most promising approaches to improve efficacy and safety of vaccine-based AIT include bypassing IgE binding and targeting allergen-specific T cells using hypoallergenic recombinant allergen derivatives and immunogenic peptides, the use of new adjuvants and stimulators of the innate immune response, the fusion of allergens to immune modifiers and peptide carrier proteins and new routes of vaccine administration. SUMMARY The cloning of allergen proteins and genetic engineering enabled the production of vaccines that have well defined molecular, immunologic and biologic characteristics as well as modified molecular structure. These new compounds along with new immunization protocols can bring us closer to the ultimate goal of AIT, that is, complete cure of a large number of allergic patients.
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Gamazo C, Gastaminza G, Ferrer M, Sanz ML, Irache JM. Nanoparticle based-immunotherapy against allergy. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:885-97. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases, reaching epidemic proportions in developed countries. An allergic reaction occurs after contact with an environmental protein, such as inhalants allergens (pollen, animal dander, house dust mites), or food proteins. This response is known as part of the type 2 immunity that is counterbalanced by Type 1 immunity and Tregs. Widely used allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) is a long term treatment to induce such switch from Th2 to Th1 response. However, conventional IT requires multiple allergen injections over a long period of time and is not free of risk of producing allergic reactions. As a consequence, new safer and faster immunotherapeutic methods are required. This review deals with allergen IT using nanoparticles as allergen delivery system that will allow a different way of administration, reduce dose and diminish allergen exposure to IgE bound to mast cells or basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gamazo
- University of Navarra Dept. Microbiology C/Irunlarrea, 1; 31080 - Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gastaminza
- Department Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 – Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Ferrer
- Department Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 – Pamplona, Spain
| | - María L Sanz
- Department Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 – Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- University of Navarra Dept. Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Technology C/Irunlarrea, 1; 31080 – Pamplona, Spain
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