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Herbert A, Russell FM, Ferre RM, Wilcox J, Peterson D, Davis J, Zakeri B, Hays M, Wallach PM. Two-week intensive medical student point-of-care ultrasound training impact on long term utilization. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:884. [PMID: 39152440 PMCID: PMC11330062 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little to no data evaluating long term usage of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) after a training intervention for medical students. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an intensive POCUS training program on medical student's usage at 9-months post-program. METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of rising second year medical students who participated in a 2-week summer POCUS training program. Instruction consisted of 8 h of asynchronous online didactic material, 2-4 h of daily hands-on instructor-led and independent scanning, and instruction on how to teach POCUS. Students were assessed pre- and post-program, and again at 9 months post-program to evaluate POCUS usage. RESULTS A total of 56 students participated in the program over 2 summers; 52 (92.9%) responded to the 9-month post-program survey. At 9 months, 49 (94.2%) of students taught POCUS after the program to peers or faculty. Students reported serving as a POCUS instructor in 283 subsequent teaching sessions accounting for 849 h of POCUS instruction time. Six (11.5%) students were involved in the creation of a POCUS interest group on their regional campus, 7 (13%) created a POCUS curriculum for their student interest group, and 4 (7.7%) created an opt-in co-curricular POCUS program for students at their regional campus. Three (5.8%) students did not serve as educators after the program and only one student reported not using POCUS again after the program. CONCLUSION After a 2-week intensive POCUS training program for medical students, the majority of students demonstrated continued involvement in POCUS learning and education at 9-month follow-up including serving as peer instructors and assisting with limitations in financial resources and trained faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Herbert
- Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Avenue, FOB, 3rd Floor, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Frances M Russell
- Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Robinson M Ferre
- Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Avenue, FOB, 3rd Floor, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - James Wilcox
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Dina Peterson
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Radiologic and Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiologic and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jean Davis
- RT, RDMS, Point of Care Ultrasound program manager, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Bita Zakeri
- Ph.D. Director of Professional Programs, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew Hays
- MS, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Paul M Wallach
- Professor of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Executive Associate Dean for Educational Affairs and Institutional Improvement, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Ferre RM, Kaine JC, Lobo D, Peterson D, Sarmiento E, Adame J, Herbert A, Wallach PM, Russell FM. A shared point of care ultrasound curriculum for graduate medical education. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:843. [PMID: 39107748 PMCID: PMC11305004 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) education has grown significantly over the past two decades. Like most curricular items, POCUS education is siloed within individual graduate medical education (GME) programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a shared GME POCUS curriculum between five GME programs at a single institution. METHODS Post-graduate-year-1 (PGY-1) residents from emergency medicine (EM), family medicine (FM), internal medicine (IM), combined internal medicine-pediatrics (IM-Peds) and combined emergency medicine-pediatrics (EM-Peds) residency programs were enrolled in a core POCUS curriculum. The curriculum included eleven asynchronous online learning modules and ten hands-on training sessions proctored by sonographers and faculty physicians with POCUS expertise. Data was gathered about the curriculum's effectiveness including participation, pre- and post-curricular surveys, pre- and post-knowledge assessments, and an objective skills assessment. RESULTS Of the 85 residents enrolled, 61 (72%) participated in the curriculum. Engagement varied between programs, with attendance at hands-on sessions varying the most (EM 100%, EM-Peds 100%, FM 40%, IM 22%, Med-Peds 11%). Pre- and post-knowledge assessment scores improved for all components of the curriculum. Participants felt significantly more confident with image acquisition, anatomy recognition, interpreting images and incorporating POCUS findings into clinical practice (p < 0.001) after completing the curriculum. CONCLUSION In this shared GME POCUS curriculum, we found significant improvement in POCUS knowledge, attitudes, and psychomotor skills. This shared approach may be a viable way for other institutions to provide POCUS education broadly to their GME programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson M Ferre
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Ave, Fifth Third Faculty Office Building, 3rd Floor Emergency Medicine Office, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Joshua C Kaine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Ave, Fifth Third Faculty Office Building, 3rd Floor Emergency Medicine Office, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Daniela Lobo
- Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dina Peterson
- Department of Radiologic and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elisa Sarmiento
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John Adame
- Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Audrey Herbert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Ave, Fifth Third Faculty Office Building, 3rd Floor Emergency Medicine Office, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Paul M Wallach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Office of the Dean, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Frances M Russell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 720 Eskenazi Ave, Fifth Third Faculty Office Building, 3rd Floor Emergency Medicine Office, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Staudt DW, Lang VJ. Challenges Comparing Online and In-Person Learning. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:818-819. [PMID: 38722287 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
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Jindal SK, Lee T, Agrawal A, Demers L, Schwartz AW. A National Survey on Point of Care Ultrasonography Use Among Veterans Affairs Clinicians in Home Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:104930. [PMID: 38336356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults who are homebound and those in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) often have limited access to point of care imaging to inform clinical decision making. Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) can help span this gap by augmenting the physical examination to aid in diagnosis and triaging. Although training in POCUS for medical trainees is becoming more common and may focus on settings such as the emergency department, intensive care unit, and inpatient care, little is known about POCUS training among practicing clinicians who work outside of these settings. We conducted a national needs assessment survey around experience with POCUS focused on practicing clinicians in the sub-acute, long-term, and home-based care settings in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health system. METHODS An electronic survey was developed and sent out to clinicians via Listservs for the VA long-term and sub-acute care facilities [Community Living Centers (CLCs)], Home Based Primary Care outpatient teams, and Hospital in Home teams to assess current attitudes, previous training, and skills related to POCUS. RESULTS Eighty-eight participants responded to the survey, for an overall response rate of 29% based on the number of emails on each Listserv, representing CLC, home-based primary care, and hospital in home. Sixty percent of clinicians reported no experience with POCUS, and 76% reported that POCUS and POCUS training would be useful to their practice. More than 50% cited lack of training and lack of equipment as 2 significant barriers to POCUS use. DISCUSSION This national needs assessment survey of VA clinicians reveals important opportunities for training in POCUS for clinicians working with older adults who are receiving home care homebound or living in SNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani K Jindal
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Medical Service, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Arushi Agrawal
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Demers
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Wershof Schwartz
- New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Garcia-Pompermayer MR, Ayton SG, Molina-Collada J, Tamborrini G, Sanchez MED, Luna KS, Elizondo MAG. The power of us: breaking barriers and bridging the gap of ultrasound in rheumatology to empower a new generation. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:2103-2116. [PMID: 38653847 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assesses musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) knowledge, attitudes, and practices among young rheumatologists in Mexico, aiming to identify barriers and facilitators to its clinical use. METHODS An online survey distributed to a network of young rheumatologists captured demographics, institutional, and personal MSUS information. Multivariable analysis identified factors associated with positive MSUS attitudes. RESULTS Ninety-six rheumatologists (39.18% national response rate) completed the survey. Of respondents (54.2% females, median age 35.1 years), 81.2% deemed MSUS necessary in clinical rheumatology. The main barriers included limited training access (56.2%) and required training time (54.1%). Lack of scientific evidence was not a major barrier (60.4%). Positive MSUS attitudes were associated with learning from conferences (p = 0.029) and colleagues (p = 0.005), formal (p = 0.043), and in-person training (p = 0.020), MSUS use in practice (p = 0.027), and use by radiologists in their institute (p < 0.001). Interest in learning MSUS (88.5%) was significantly higher in those with positive attitudes (94.4%, p < 0.001). Elastic net analysis identified key drivers, including learning MSUS from conferences, colleagues, and in residency; using MSUS in practice; respondent-performed MSUS; and MSUS use by radiologists. Statistically significant associations were found with using MSUS for synovitis/inflammatory joint disease (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.00-2.05) and MSUS use by radiologists in respondent's institutes (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.20-2.90). CONCLUSION Most young rheumatologists in Mexico recognize the necessity of MSUS in clinical practice. By addressing identified barriers, encouraging rheumatologist-radiologist collaboration, and establishing a regulatory body to certify rheumatologist's MSUS experience, there is an opportunity to empower them with the necessary skills for effective MSUS use, ultimately benefiting patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah G Ayton
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Molina-Collada
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Karina Silva Luna
- Reumatología, Instituto de Medicina Interna, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Garza Elizondo
- Reumatología, Instituto de Medicina Interna, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Müller-Wirtz LM, Patterson WM, Ott S, Brauchle A, Meiser A, Volk T, Berwanger U, Conrad D. Teaching Medical Students Rapid Ultrasound for shock and hypotension (RUSH): learning outcomes and clinical performance in a proof-of-concept study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:360. [PMID: 38566149 PMCID: PMC10988853 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a critical diagnostic tool in various medical settings, yet its instruction in medical education is inconsistent. The Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension (RUSH) protocol is a comprehensive diagnostic tool, but its complexity poses challenges for teaching and learning. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a single-day training in RUSH for medical students by assessing their performance in clinical scenarios. METHODS In this prospective single-center observational proof-of-concept study, 16 medical students from Saarland University Medical Center underwent a single-day training in RUSH, followed by evaluations in clinical settings and on a high-fidelity simulator. Performance was assessed using a standardized scoring tool and time to complete the RUSH exam. Knowledge gain was measured with pre- and post-training written exams, and diagnostic performance was evaluated with an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). RESULTS Students demonstrated high performance in RUSH exam views across patients (median performance: 85-87%) and improved scanning times, although not statistically significant. They performed better on simulators than on live patients. Written exam scores significantly improved post-training, suggesting a gain in theoretical knowledge. However, more than a third of students could not complete the RUSH exam within five minutes on live patients. CONCLUSIONS Single-day RUSH training improved medical students' theoretical knowledge and simulator performance but translating these skills to clinical settings proved challenging. The findings suggest that while short-term training can be beneficial, it may not suffice for clinical proficiency. This study underscores the need for structured and possibly longitudinal training programs to ensure skill retention and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Martin Müller-Wirtz
- Saarland University, Anaesthesiology, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - William M Patterson
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sascha Ott
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Annika Brauchle
- Saarland University, Anaesthesiology, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Andreas Meiser
- Saarland University, Anaesthesiology, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Thomas Volk
- Saarland University, Anaesthesiology, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ulrich Berwanger
- Saarland University, Anaesthesiology, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - David Conrad
- Saarland University, Anaesthesiology, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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Kumar C, Miller A, Marshall AM, Thompson AR, Lowrie DJ, Weber DE, Kelleher M, Malosh L, Martin C, Christensen HR. Dynamic Opportunities for Medical Students to Assume the Roles of "Medical Teacher". MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2024; 34:445-454. [PMID: 38686166 PMCID: PMC11055825 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The traditional undergraduate medical education curriculum focuses on bolstering knowledge for practice and building clinical skills. However, as future clinicians, medical students will be tasked with teaching throughout their careers, first as residents and then as attendings. Here, we describe teaching opportunities for students that foster their development as future teachers and potential clinician educators. These offerings are diverse in their focus and duration and are offered across various levels of the curriculum - including course-based learning, longitudinal electives, and extra-curricular opportunities for medical students who have a passion for teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Kumar
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Avery Miller
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Aaron M. Marshall
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Medical Education, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Andrew R. Thompson
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Medical Education, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - D. J. Lowrie
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Medical Education, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Danielle E. Weber
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Matt Kelleher
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Laura Malosh
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Carrie Martin
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Heather R. Christensen
- The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Medical Education, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
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Nassar SM, Almubrik SA, Alyahya L, Alshalan M, Alhashem HM. Perception, Knowledge, Indications, and Future Prospects of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e57704. [PMID: 38586231 PMCID: PMC10998434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become integral across medical specialties globally, addressing clinical queries, guiding procedures, and bridging the gap between physical examination and advanced imaging. Early ultrasound training for medical students enhances clinical decision-making and reduces diagnostic errors. Aims To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of senior medical students towards POCUS and to assess knowledge gaps and difficulties encountered by senior medical students to assist in the development of future curricula. Methodology This is an observational, cross-sectional approach to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of POCUS among senior medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from January to September 2023. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through online platforms utilizing medical school databases across various regions. The survey encompassed sociodemographics, training methods, diagnostic indications, and participants' self-reported proficiency and attitudes toward POCUS. The data was chiefly collected using the Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative and categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlations. Results A total of 359 senior medical students completed the survey. Most responders were females (57.9%) with the predominating age group being ≤ 24 years (83.6%). The students predominantly were from the Central region of Saudi Arabia (75.5%). Ultrasound training varied among responders; 31.5% received formal courses (median duration: two hours) and 23.4% informal courses (median duration: four hours). Around 17.3% practiced POCUS self-teaching (median duration: four hours). A total of 3.6% had formal POCUS accreditation. A gargantuan 82.2% never used POCUS in their attached hospital for a variety of reasons. Multivariable logistic binary regression analysis showed a positive correlation between students' self-teaching of POCUS and their perceived difficulty performing an ultrasound examination for patients in daily practice. Discussion A comparable study was done at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in 2022 surveying 229 senior medical students by Rajendram et al. In their study, 21.4% completed formal courses and 12.7% took informal courses. While many students in our study were not exposed to POCUS (82.2%), KSAU-HS reported a higher percentage reaching 94.8%. A study by Russel et al. demonstrated more than half of 154 surveyed medical schools in the United States have implemented POCUS into their students' curriculum. Conclusion POCUS stands as a valuable skill that can enhance the educational journey of undergraduate medical students. Considering that a significant number of participants haven't yet taken formal medical school courses suggests a lack of awareness about its significance in the medical field. Offering additional courses with practical components could enhance the proficiency, confidence, and outlook of medical students toward POCUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Nassar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sarah A Almubrik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Lama Alyahya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Hussain M Alhashem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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Bapuji R, Eagles D, Ferreira N, Hecht N, Zhang Y, Woo MY, Cheung WJ, Ly V, Pageau P. Comparison of peer-assisted learning with expert-led learning in medical school ultrasound education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CAN J EMERG MED 2024; 26:188-197. [PMID: 38363447 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-024-00663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teaching point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) to medical students is resource intensive. Peer-assisted learning, where the teacher can be a medical student, may be a feasible alternative to expert-led learning. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the PoCUS performance assessments of medical students receiving peer-assisted vs expert-led learning. METHODS This study was submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42023383915) and reported with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, Education Source, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing peer-assisted vs expert-led PoCUS teaching for undergraduate medical students. The primary outcome was performance assessment of PoCUS skills. Two reviewers independently screened citations and extracted data. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess study quality. Studies were included in the meta-analysis if mean performance assessment scores with standard deviations and sample sizes were available. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the accuracy score of practical knowledge test for each group. A meta-regression evaluated difference in mean scores. RESULTS The search yielded 2890 citations; 1417 unique citations remained after removing duplicates. Nine randomized-controlled studies conducted in Germany, USA, and Israel, with 593 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies assessed teaching of abdominal, cardiac, thoracic, musculoskeletal, and ocular PoCUS skills. Most studies had some risk-of-bias concerns. The estimate accuracy score after weighting is 0.56 (95% CI [0.47, 0.65]) for peer-assisted learning and 0.59 (95% CI [0.49, 0.69]) for expert-led learning. The regression coefficient estimate is 0.0281 (95% CI [- 0.1121, 0.1683]); P value is 0.69. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis found that peer-assisted learning was a reasonable alternative to expert-led learning for teaching PoCUS skills to medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Bapuji
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Debra Eagles
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Hecht
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Y Woo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Warren J Cheung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul Pageau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Dupriez F, Hall A, Diop T, Collard A, de Castro BR, Smets F, Penaloza A, Vanpee D. Point-of-Care Ultrasound training in undergraduate education in the European Union: current situation and perspectives. Ultrasound J 2024; 16:9. [PMID: 38349580 PMCID: PMC10864236 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-024-00361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the widespread use of Point-of-Care UltraSound (PoCUS) in clinical practice, with ultrasound machines becoming more portable and affordable, recommendations and position statements from ultrasound societies now promote teaching PoCUS in the undergraduate curriculum. Nevertheless, surveys about PoCUS teaching in European medical schools are lacking. This survey aims to overview the current and future undergraduate PoCUS courses in the European Union (EU). RESULTS A questionnaire was sent to medical schools in 26 of the 27 countries of the EU; Luxembourg is the only country without a medical school. The survey was completed by the dean or a member of the medical school with knowledge of the medical curriculum. Of the 58 medical schools from 19 countries that responded to the survey, 18 (31.0%) from 13 (68.4%) EU countries reported the existence of an undergraduate PoCUS curriculum and a further 16 (27.6%) from 12 (41.4%) EU countries intended to offer it in the future. No significant difference was observed between the current and future PoCUS curricula regarding its content and purpose. Less than 40 h of theoretical teaching is provided in all the medical schools and less than 40 h of practical training is provided in 12 (75%) of the 16 medical schools which answered this specific question. Of the 40 (69%) surveyed medical schools that do not currently teach PoCUS, 20 (50%) intend to offer PoCUS courses in the future. CONCLUSION Although the lack of teaching hours in curricula suggests that most PoCUS courses are introductory in nature and that medical students are possibly not trained to become autonomous in clinical practice, evaluating the feasibility and impact of PoCUS teaching on clinical practice should be promoted. The medical schools that intend to develop this curriculum should be encouraged to implement validated tools to objectively assess their programs and students' performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Dupriez
- Emergency Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Audrey Hall
- Emergency Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Toumane Diop
- Emergency Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alix Collard
- Statistical Support Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Françoise Smets
- Faculty of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Penaloza
- Faculty of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Vanpee
- Institute of Health and Society and CHU UCL Namur, UCLOUVAIN, Brussels, Belgium
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Johnson JI, Beasley H, Southwick D, Lords AM, Kessler R, Vrablik ME, Baker RT. Development of a hybrid point-of-care ultrasound curriculum for first year medical students in a rural medical education program: a pilot study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 38172848 PMCID: PMC10765644 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-05005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has advanced in recent decades due to the benefits it holds for medical providers. However, aspiring POCUS practitioners require adequate training. Unfortunately, there remains a paucity of resources to deliver this training, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Despite these barriers, calls for POCUS training in undergraduate medical education are growing, and many medical schools now deliver some form of POCUS education. Our program lacked POCUS training; therefore, we developed and implemented a POCUS curriculum for our first-year medical students. METHODS We developed a POCUS curriculum for first year medical students in a rural medically underserved region of the United States. To evaluate our course, we measured learning outcomes, self-reported confidence in a variety of POCUS domains, and gathered feedback on the course with a multi-modal approach: an original written pre- and post-test, survey tool, and semi-structured interview protocol, respectively. RESULTS Student (n=24) knowledge of POCUS significantly increased (pre-test average score = 55%, post-test average score = 79%, P<0.0001), and the course was well received based on student survey and interview feedback. In addition, students reported increased confidence toward a variety of knowledge and proficiency domains in POCUS use and their future clinical education and practice. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lack of consensus in POCUS education, existing literature describes many curricular designs across institutions. We leveraged a combination of student initiatives, online resources, remote collaborations, local volunteers, and faculty development to bring POCUS to our institution in a rural and medically underserved region. Moreover, we demonstrate positive learning and experiential outcomes that may translate to improved outcomes in students' clinical education and practice. Further research is needed to evaluate the psychomotor skills, broader learning outcomes, and clinical performance of students who take part in our POCUS course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Johnson
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Heather Beasley
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derek Southwick
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allie M Lords
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ross Kessler
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael E Vrablik
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Russell T Baker
- WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Crispell E, Nair M, Giesken M, O’Shea M, Sischka M, Liu L, Weerasekare J, Gregoire J. A Longitudinal Elective Facilitates Point-of-Care Ultrasonography Education for Medical Students: An Observational Study. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2024; 11:23821205241260244. [PMID: 39070285 PMCID: PMC11273818 DOI: 10.1177/23821205241260244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine if a longitudinal point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) elective for medical students is effective in improving POCUS knowledge. METHODS We share the format of our longitudinal POCUS elective for medical students. To evaluate the efficacy of our longitudinal elective, we compare the difference between pre-elective and post-elective scores on a POCUS test using a paired t-test with threshold of statistical significance of p ≤ .05. We also share the results of a post-elective survey evaluating the effectiveness and quality of the longitudinal POCUS elective. RESULTS Pretest mean score was 56.3% (σ = 13.6), while posttest mean score was 73.3% (σ = 9.4), with an average score improvement of 17.0% (95% CI 9.9-24.0%, p < .0001). All students strongly or moderately agreed that they would recommend the elective to future medical students, that they were more confident with their POCUS skills after completing the elective, that the time commitment of the elective was appropriate, and that they felt they had the time to fit the elective into their schedule as a medical school student. Most students (56.7%) strongly or moderately agreed that the knowledge gained from the POCUS elective had helped them in their clinical rotations. CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal POCUS curriculum subjectively and objectively improves medical students' POCUS knowledge while remaining accessible to students. We share our unique longitudinal POCUS elective curriculum, the format of which and its benefits are transferable to other medical schools. Through this, we hope to provide others with ideas on how they may implement a longitudinal POCUS elective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Crispell
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Malavika Nair
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Max Giesken
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Molly O’Shea
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Sischka
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry Liu
- University of California San Francisco Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonika Weerasekare
- University of California Davis Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James Gregoire
- Mayo Clinic Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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13
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Choi W, Cho YS, Ha YR, Oh JH, Lee H, Kang BS, Kim YW, Koh CY, Lee JH, Jung E, Sohn Y, Kim HB, Kim SJ, Kim H, Suh D, Lee DH, Hong JY, Lee WW. Role of point-of-care ultrasound in critical care and emergency medicine: update and future perspective. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2023; 10:363-381. [PMID: 38225778 PMCID: PMC10790072 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.23.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a rapidly developing technology that has the potential to revolutionize emergency and critical care medicine. The use of POCUS can improve patient care by providing real-time clinical information. However, appropriate usage and proper training are crucial to ensure patient safety and reliability. This article discusses the various applications of POCUS in emergency and critical care medicine, the importance of training and education, and the future of POCUS in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookjin Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young Soon Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Young Rock Ha
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seongnam Citizens Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Je Hyeok Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heekyung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Bo Seung Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Yong Won Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chan Young Koh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji Han Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Euigi Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youdong Sohn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Bit Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hohyun Kim
- Department of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dongbum Suh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ju Young Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Woong Lee
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seongnam Citizens Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - on behalf of the Society Emergency and Critical Care Imaging (SECCI)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seongnam Citizens Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Koratala A, Paudel HR, Regner KR. Nephrologist-Led Simulation-Based Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Workshop for Medical Students: Insights and Implications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE OPEN 2023; 10:100051. [PMID: 39035249 PMCID: PMC11256268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is being increasingly recognized as an adjunct to physical examination. However, limited availability of trained faculty in specialties other than emergency medicine and lack of universal training standards remain key barriers to its widespread integration into undergraduate and graduate medical curricula. In this study, we sought to explore the effectiveness of a short simulation-based workshop for medical students teaching basic cardiac ultrasound led by a nephrologist. Methods Workshops were conducted for 2 different groups of 4th-year medical students with a total of 25 attendees. The workshop consisted of a 1-hour lecture followed by 15 minutes of cardiac anatomy simulation and a 2- to 2.5-hour hands-on session in the simulation laboratory. An anonymous precourse questionnaire comprising 10 questions assessing the interpretation of common grayscale ultrasound findings encountered in patients with undifferentiated hypotension was performed. After the workshop, a postcourse exam and survey were conducted, retesting the same concepts and seeking the students' feedback on the course. Results In total, 23 and 20 students answered the pre- and postcourse surveys, respectively. The mean total score on the pretest was 63.8% ± 13.6%, which significantly increased to 91.5% ± 10.5% on the posttest (P < .001). About 90% of the respondents strongly agreed that the cardiac anatomy simulation improved their understanding of the cardiac sonographic anatomy; 75% strongly agreed that the hands-on simulation enhanced their confidence in image acquisition and interpretation; and 70% said they would choose nephrology elective if POCUS training was integrated with it. Conclusions A nephrologist-led diagnostic POCUS workshop using simulation techniques is effective in improving the learners' knowledge, understanding of the sonographic cardiac anatomy, and confidence in image acquisition. Integration of POCUS training may increase medical student interest in nephrology elective rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hari R. Paudel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin R. Regner
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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15
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Bintaro S, Dietrich CF, Potthoff A. Principles for teaching sonography - current status. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:1628-1634. [PMID: 37142236 DOI: 10.1055/a-2059-4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since many young medical residents require sonographic skills early on during training, increased attention has been paid to including sonography classes in undergraduate medical education, among both professional societies and medical educators responsible for medical licensing exams. Medical schools worldwide have developed and implemented a variety of ultrasound teaching formats.This article addresses evidence-based solutions to crucial challenges in planning and implementing undergraduate sonography education. In order to achieve a sustainable increase in practical sonographic competence, we suggest small-group classes with sufficient individual hands-on scanning time for each student. We recommend concentrating on a circumscribed topic and teaching it thoroughly and practically rather than superficially outlining a broad subject area. Provided that peer teachers undergo adequate training, student peer teachers are not inferior to physicians as teachers, as far as student satisfaction, theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquisition are concerned. The assessment of acquired practical skills should consist of practical examinations, such as an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) or a direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS). In contrast to using healthy volunteers as training models, simulation trainers allow the demonstration of pathological findings in authentic sonographic images, with the disadvantages of unrealistically easy image acquisition, as well as the lack of interaction with the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bintaro
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM) Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Potthoff
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Nichols JW, Schmidt C, Raghuraman D, Turner D. Ultrasound-assisted bony landmark palpation in untrained palpators. J Osteopath Med 2023; 123:531-535. [PMID: 37498573 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medical students with no previous experience may find it difficult to identify and palpate bony landmarks while learning physical examination skills. In a study of 168 medical schools, 72.6 % have indicated that they are utilizing ultrasound in their curriculum. Although the integration of ultrasound curriculum has become more widespread, the depth of instruction is inconsistent. Ultrasound is not commonly taught in conjunction with palpation of bony landmarks in osteopathic structural examination. OBJECTIVES The objective of this analysis was to identify whether utilizing ultrasound assistance in teaching palpation of specific thoracic vertebral bony landmarks would improve palpation accuracy in first-year medical students with no previous palpatory experience. METHODS First-year medical students were given video instructions to palpate and identify a thoracic vertebral transverse process and to mark it with invisible ink. The participants were then taught and instructed to utilize ultrasound to identify the same landmark and mark it with a different color. The accuracy of palpation was measured with digital calipers. RESULTS A test of the overall hypothesis that participants will show improved accuracy utilizing ultrasound compared with hand palpation was not significant (F=0.76, p>0.05). When separating students into groups according to patient body mass index (BMI), however, there was a trend toward significance (F=2.90, p=0.071) for an interaction effect between patient BMI and the repeated measures variable of palpation/ultrasound. When looking specifically at only those participants working with a normal BMI patient, there was a significant improvement in their accuracy with the use of ultrasound (F=7.92, p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS The analysis found increased accuracy in bony landmark identification in untrained palpators utilizing ultrasound vs. palpation alone in a normal BMI model, but not in obese or overweight BMI models. This study shows promise to the value that ultrasound may have in medical education, especially with respect to early palpation training and landmark identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared W Nichols
- Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Kansas City University - Joplin Campus, Joplin, MO, USA
| | - Cindy Schmidt
- Director of Scholarly Activity and Faculty Development, Associate Professor, College of Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Dipika Raghuraman
- Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Fellow, Kansas City University - Joplin Campus, Joplin, MO, USA
| | - D'Arcy Turner
- Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Fellow, Kansas City University - Joplin Campus, Joplin, MO, USA
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17
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McCormick E, Flanagan B, Johnson CD, Sweeney EM. Ultrasound skills teaching in UK medical education: A systematic review. CLINICAL TEACHER 2023; 20:e13635. [PMID: 37655446 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonography is increasingly integrated into medical curricula to prepare students for clinical practice. In 2022, we conducted a systematic review to explore the degree to which ultrasound skill acquisition is incorporated into undergraduate medial education in the United Kingdom. METHODS A search of Medline and Embase databases from 2003 to 2022 identified 15 relevant articles. Studies were included if they described ultrasound skills training in UK undergraduate medical education. FINDINGS A range of teaching methods were reported including didactic demonstrations, hands-on experience and combinations thereof. Portable machines were more common than cart-based machines, and most demonstrators were ultrasound-trained clinicians. Ultrasound teaching is well received, with improvements in confidence using ultrasound, motivation to learn anatomy and retention of knowledge. DISCUSSION Obstacles to integration were noted including training, cost, curriculum time constraints and the issue of incidental pathology. One study demonstrated that anatomists with appropriate training could provide ultrasound teaching, reducing the need for clinicians or sonographers. Costs may be reduced by renting machines or purchasing portable/hand-held devices. Allowing access to machines during student's free time may address scheduling difficulties. A final recommendation is to pre-scan volunteers prior to the teaching session. CONCLUSION We have outlined approaches to ultrasound skills teaching and the inherent hurdles to this, as well as potential solutions. This may aid educators wishing to augment their curricula. Although there are relatively few studies from the United Kingdom, there is consensus that students enjoy the incorporation of ultrasound practice and believe it complements existing teaching, especially in a small group setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer McCormick
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Brendan Flanagan
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Eva M Sweeney
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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DE LA Lama JM, Morales M, DE Nicolas J, Ucin A, Galvan A. CLINICAL AND HEALTHCARE IMPACTS OF PORTABLE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN AMBULATORY CARE MUSCULOSKELETAL REHABILITATION CONSULTATIONS. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE. CLINICAL COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 6:6573. [PMID: 37753354 PMCID: PMC10518771 DOI: 10.2340/jrmcc.v6.6573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the impact of Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in musculoskeletal consultations out of hospital using a Philips Lumify portable ultrasound device. We aimed to determine the impact of POCUS on the number of hospital referrals for injections as well as on the number of injections performed in consultation. Design Retrospective case study comparing 2 periods: June to September 2021 (pre-POCUS) and November 2021 to February 2022 (POCUS). Statistical comparisons were performed using the χ2. In both periods, 21 medical consultations were performed. In the pre-POCUS period, 470 patients were assessed, with an average of 1.29 hospital referrals made per day of consultation for hospital injections and an average of 2.05 injections performed per day of medical consultation. In the POCUS period, 589 patients were assessed, with an average of 0.1 hospital referrals per day (-92.6%; p < 0.00001) and an average of 2.76 injections performed per day (+34.9%; p < 0.00001). The introduction of POCUS at our practice reduced the number of hospital referrals made for injections and increased the number of injections performed every day of consultation. Conclusion This suggests that POCUS is of great clinical value in out-of-hospital musculoskeletal rehabilitation consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M DE LA Lama
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Internal Medicine Department, La Merced Hospital, Osuna, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan DE Nicolas
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrea Ucin
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Galvan
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
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Elhassan MG, Grewal S, Nezarat N. Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Internal Medicine: Limitations and Pitfalls for Novice Users. Cureus 2023; 15:e43655. [PMID: 37600433 PMCID: PMC10436027 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly being adopted in the field of internal medicine, leading to the development of POCUS curricula in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education programs. Prominent internal medicine societies and organizations worldwide recognize the expanding utilization of POCUS by internal medicine physicians, emphasizing the need for practitioners to be aware of both its benefits and limitations. Despite the growing enthusiasm for POCUS, clinicians, particularly those with limited clinical experience, must be cautious regarding its inherent limitations and the potential impact on their clinical practice. This review aims to outline the limitations and potential drawbacks of POCUS for medical students, residents, and internists who wish to stay abreast of the escalating use of POCUS in internal medicine and have a desire, or have already commenced, to incorporate POCUS into their practice. Additionally, it provides recommendations for enhancing POCUS proficiency to mitigate these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarbjot Grewal
- Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, USA
| | - Negin Nezarat
- Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno , USA
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20
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Shanks A, Darwish A, Cook M, Asencio I, Rouse C. Integration of ultrasound simulation to improve medical student knowledge and satisfaction on the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100228. [PMID: 37645647 PMCID: PMC10461243 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increased use of ultrasound in contemporary medical education. Students tend to report a higher sense of satisfaction when ultrasound is incorporated into medical education, but little is known about whether its use leads to an improvement in medical knowledge acquisition independent of the ultrasound skill. In addition, there is no consensus among obstetrics and gynecology clerkships on the most effective way to incorporate ultrasound into the clerkship curriculum. OBJECTIVE This project described a method to integrate ultrasound simulation into an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship curriculum. Our hypothesis was that the incorporation of ultrasound simulation in the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship curriculum will lead to an increase in standardized assessments of obstetrics and gynecology knowledge. STUDY DESIGN A prepost study at a single institution with multiple methods design was employed. Of note, 10 high-yield pathology topics commonly tested on the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics quizzes and National Board of Medical Examiners examinations were summarized into study sheets and associated with a representative ultrasound simulation module. All students were provided access to the summary sheets. Students with instruction in ultrasound simulation consisted of the postintervention group and were compared with students that did not have ultrasound simulation (preintervention group). Quiz and examination scores were compared between the groups. In addition, students who accessed the ultrasound simulator were given a survey at the end of their rotation to obtain qualitative information regarding satisfaction and the incorporation of ultrasound into the clerkship curriculum. RESULTS There was no significant difference in quiz or examination scores between students who had access to the ultrasound simulation and those who did not. Most students found the integration of ultrasound simulation into the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship to be beneficial, to enhance their learning, to boost their confidence in ultrasound skills, and to be a potential substitute for clinical ultrasounds during the rotation. CONCLUSION Integration of ultrasound simulation into obstetrics and gynecology clerkships and medical school education is understudied but can be a valuable educational tool. The incorporation of ultrasound into the medical education system is a topic of current studies. This study found that integration was viewed favorably by students, although integration was not associated with an improvement in medical knowledge measured via quiz and examination performance. Our research provided students with a standardized ultrasound education experience, which improved student satisfaction with the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship but did not correlate to increased demonstrated medical knowledge and understanding of examinations. Moving forward, student participants provided various suggestions on how we can continue to enrich medical students' education with the implementation of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Shanks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Drs Shanks, Darwish, Asencio, and Rouse); and
| | - Adrianna Darwish
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Drs Shanks, Darwish, Asencio, and Rouse); and
| | - Myanna Cook
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Ms Cook)
| | - Ivana Asencio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Drs Shanks, Darwish, Asencio, and Rouse); and
| | - Carrie Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Drs Shanks, Darwish, Asencio, and Rouse); and
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Papa FDV, Galhardo C, Pontes JPJ, Alves RL, Zamper R, Salgado M, da Costa LGV, Lineburger EB, Dos Reis Falcão LF. Point-Of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound: is it time for anesthesiologists to embrace and achieve competence? BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2023; 73:367-369. [PMID: 37414464 PMCID: PMC10362444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio de V Papa
- University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Carlos Galhardo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia (INC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Hospital São Lucas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Leal Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil; Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Raffael Zamper
- Western University, London Health Science Centre, London, Canada
| | | | - Luiz Guilherme Villares da Costa
- Takaoka Anestesia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Departamento de Anestesiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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DeBiasio C, Pageau P, Shefrin A, Woo MY, Cheung WJ. Point-of-Care-ultrasound in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review of assessment methods. Ultrasound J 2023; 15:30. [PMID: 37302105 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-Care-Ultrasound (POCUS) curricula have rapidly expanded in undergraduate medical education (UME). However, the assessments used in UME remain variable without national standards. This scoping review characterizes and categorizes current assessment methods using Miller's pyramid for skills, performance, and competence of POCUS in UME. A structured protocol was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A literature search of MEDLINE was performed from January 1, 2010, to June 15, 2021. Two independent reviewers screened all titles and abstracts for articles that met inclusion criteria. The authors included all POCUS UME publications in which POCUS-related knowledge, skills, or competence were taught and objectively assessed. Articles were excluded if there were no assessment methods used, if they exclusively used self-assessment of learned skills, were duplicate articles, or were summaries of other literature. Full text analysis and data extraction of included articles were performed by two independent reviewers. A consensus-based approach was used to categorize data and a thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 643 articles were retrieved and 157 articles met inclusion criteria for full review. Most articles (n = 132; 84%) used technical skill assessments including objective structured clinical examinations (n = 27; 17%), and/or other technical skill-based formats including image acquisition (n = 107; 68%). Retention was assessed in n = 98 (62%) studies. One or more levels of Miller's pyramid were included in 72 (46%) articles. A total of four articles (2.5%) assessed for students' integration of the skill into medical decision making and daily practice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a lack of clinical assessment in UME POCUS that focus on integration of skills in daily clinical practice of medical students corresponding to the highest level of Miller's Pyramid. There exists opportunities to develop and integrate assessment that evaluate higher level competencies of POCUS skills of medical students. A mixture of assessment methods that correspond to multiple levels of Miller's pyramid should be used to best assess POCUS competence in UME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina DeBiasio
- Division of Dermatology, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Pageau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Allan Shefrin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Y Woo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Warren J Cheung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Russell FM, Herbert A, Kennedy S, Nti B, Powell M, Davis J, Ferre R. External validation of the ultrasound competency assessment tool. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2023; 7:e10887. [PMID: 37361190 PMCID: PMC10288010 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a core component of emergency medicine (EM) residency training. No standardized competency-based tool has gained widespread acceptance. The ultrasound competency assessment tool (UCAT) was recently derived and validated. We sought to externally validate the UCAT in a 3-year EM residency program. Methods This was a convenience sample of PGY-1 to -3 residents. Utilizing the UCAT and an entrustment scale, as described in the original study, six different evaluators split into two groups graded residents in a simulated scenario involving a patient with blunt trauma and hypotension. Residents were asked to perform and interpret a focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) examination and apply the findings to the simulated scenario. Demographics, prior POCUS experience, and self-assessed competency were collected. Each resident was evaluated simultaneously by three different evaluators with advanced ultrasound training utilizing the UCAT and entrustment scales. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between evaluators was calculated for each assessment domain; analysis of variance was used to compare UCAT performance and PGY level and prior POCUS experience. Results Thirty-two residents (14 PGY-1, nine PGY-2, and nine PGY-3) completed the study. Overall, ICC was 0.9 for preparation, 0.57 for image acquisition, 0.3 for image optimization, and 0.46 for clinical integration. There was moderate correlation between number of FAST examinations performed and entrustment and UCAT composite scores. There was poor correlation between self-reported confidence and entrustment and UCAT composite scores. Conclusions We had mixed results in our attempt to externally validate the UCAT with poor correlation between faculty and moderate to good correlation with faculty to diagnostic sonographer. More work is needed to validate the UCAT before adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Russell
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Audrey Herbert
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Sarah Kennedy
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Benjamin Nti
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Mollie Powell
- Department of Emergency MedicineIU Health Bloomington HospitalBloomingtonIndianaUnited States
| | - Jean Davis
- Department of EducationIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
| | - Robinson Ferre
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUnited States
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Bhasin-Chhabra B, Koratala A. Point of care ultrasonography in onco-nephrology: A stride toward better physical examination. World J Nephrol 2023; 12:29-39. [PMID: 37035508 PMCID: PMC10075017 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v12.i2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Onco-Nephrology is an emerging subspecialty of Nephrology that focuses on a broad spectrum of renal disorders that can arise in patients with cancer. It encompasses acute kidney injury (AKI), complex fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders, as well as chronic kidney disease caused or exacerbated by cancer and/or its treatment. In many such scenarios including AKI and hyponatremia, objective evaluation of hemodynamics is vital for appropriate management. Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a limited ultrasound exam performed at the bedside and interpreted by the treating physician intended to answer focused clinical questions and guide therapy. Compared to conventional physical examination, POCUS offers substantially higher diagnostic accuracy for various structural and hemodynamic derangements. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the utility of POCUS enhanced physical examination for the Onconephrologist supported by the current evidence and our experience-based opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Bhasin-Chhabra
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Abhilash Koratala
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Darici D, Masthoff M, Rischen R, Schmitz M, Ohlenburg H, Missler M. Medical imaging training with eye movement modeling examples: A randomized controlled study. MEDICAL TEACHER 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36943681 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2189538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether ultrasound training in which the expert's eye movements are superimposed to the underlying ultrasound video (eye movement modeling examples; EMMEs) leads to better learner outcomes than traditional eye movement-free instructions. MATERIALS AND METHODS 106 undergraduate medical students were randomized in two groups; 51 students in the EMME group watched 5-min ultrasound examination videos combined with the eye movements of an expert performing the task. The identical videos without the eye movements were shown to 55 students in the control group. Performance and behavioral parameters were compared prepost interventional using ANOVAs. Additionally, cognitive load, and prior knowledge in anatomy were surveyed. RESULTS After training, the EMME group identified more sonoanatomical structures correctly, and completed the tasks faster than the control group. This effect was partly mediated by a reduction of extraneous cognitive load. Participants with greater prior anatomical knowledge benefited the most from the EMME training. CONCLUSION Displaying experts' eye movements in medical imaging training appears to be an effective way to foster medical interpretation skills of undergraduate medical students. One underlying mechanism might be that practicing with eye movements reduces cognitive load and helps learners activate their prior knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogus Darici
- Institute of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Rischen
- Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ohlenburg
- Institute of Education and Student Affairs, Studienhospital Münster, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Missler
- Institute of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
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Aggarwal S, Shanmugam R, Knight T, Atkin C, Clare S, Smallwood N, Lasserson D. Geographic variation in point of care ultrasound provision: results from a national audit. Ultrasound J 2023; 15:16. [PMID: 36943576 PMCID: PMC10030694 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an emerging consensus that point-of-care ultrasound is an essential skill in acute care. This is reflected in recent changes to the Acute Internal Medicine curriculum in the UK. The need to develop and maintain specific ultrasound competencies is now a mandatory component of training. There is a degree of uncertainty as to how existing training infrastructure can best accommodate these changes. METHODS Data were obtained from the latest annual Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit 2021. All Acute Medical Units in the UK are eligible to participate. Data pertaining to the number of ultrasound machines and number of clinicians that regularly use point of care ultrasound were collected. This was used to develop a series of maps demonstrating variation in provision at the national level. RESULTS In total, 123 AMUs responded to the questions related to ultrasound prevalence and numbers of trained clinicians. Of these, 78.9% (97/123) reported having access to at least one ultrasound machine. There was at least one clinician that regularly used ultrasound in 81 responding hospitals (65.9%). There was significant geographic heterogeneity in the use of ultrasound and availability of accredited supervisors. At a regional level, ultrasound expertise is typically concentrated within a relatively small number of hospitals. CONCLUSION Geographic variation in the use of ultrasound and availability of registered supervisors represents a significant challenge to ultrasound training provision at the national level. Targeted interventions in areas with less developed training infrastructure, such as regional training hubs may be required to ensure more equitable access to training opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Aggarwal
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Reshma Shanmugam
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Knight
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine Atkin
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarbjit Clare
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Daniel Lasserson
- School of Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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A survey of barriers and facilitators to ultrasound use in low- and middle-income countries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3322. [PMID: 36849625 PMCID: PMC9969046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound has the potential to help inform assessment, diagnosis, and management of illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). To better understand current ultrasound use, barriers and facilitators to use, and perceptions and practices in LMIC, we conducted an anonymous online global survey targeting healthcare providers training and using ultrasound in LMIC. A total of 241 respondents representing 62 countries participated and most were physicians working in publicly-funded urban tertiary hospitals in LMIC. Most had received ultrasound training (78%), reported expertise (65%) and confidence (90%) in ultrasound use, and had access to ultrasound (88%), utilizing ultrasound most commonly for procedures and for evaluations of lungs, heart, and trauma. Access to an ultrasound machine was reported as both the top barrier (17%) and top facilitator (53%); other common barriers included access to education and training, cost, and competition for use and other common facilitators included access to a probe, gel, and electricity, and acceptance by healthcare providers, administrators, and patients. Most (80%) noted ultrasound access was important and 96% agreed that ultrasound improves quality of care and patient outcomes. Improving access to low-cost ultrasound equipment is critical to increasing ultrasound use among those who are trained.
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Murray S, Trinder K, Kolbenson L, Katulka J, Olszynski P. Virtual Supervision of Third Year Medical Students Using Handheld POCUS Devices and Cloud-based Image Archiving Provides Opportunity for Feedback and Skill Improvement. POCUS JOURNAL 2023; 8:60-64. [PMID: 37152344 PMCID: PMC10155719 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v8i1.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background : Feedback on Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) skills is essential for skill development. Providing feedback can be difficult in a large province with several distributed medical education sites. Use of handheld POCUS devices and a cloud-based image archiving enables virtual supervision. We evaluated the quality of uploaded images as well as feedback provided to students. Methods: Volunteer third year students were given access to handheld POCUS devices at various training sites. Students were encouraged to upload educational POCUS scans to their accounts where they would then receive feedback from faculty. Subsequently, images that met inclusion criteria were randomized and reviewed by a blinded expert using a global rating scale. Feedback was also analyzed. Finally, students completed a questionnaire on their technology-enhanced POCUS learning experience. Results: An independent-sampled t-test comparing mean ratings for initial images submitted prior to any feedback with those submitted after three rounds of feedback showed significant effect on image scores (2.60 vs 3.50, p = .040, d = .93). Feedback included 4 performance domains (indications, image generation, interpretation, and integration). Students found the technology easy to use and felt feedback was tailored to their learning needs. Conclusions: We observed that virtual feedback provided to medical students through a cloud-based work platform can be effective for enhancing POCUS skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Murray
- College of Medicine, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Krista Trinder
- College of Medicine, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Linden Kolbenson
- Department of Medicine, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Jeremy Katulka
- Department of Medicine, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Paul Olszynski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
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Schiavon R, Casella F, Cogliati C. Moving forward with point-of-care ultrasound: An (early) educational effort can (also) strengthen research. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 106:54-55. [PMID: 36229284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Schiavon
- Internal Medicine, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - F Casella
- Internal Medicine, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - C Cogliati
- Internal Medicine, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy; Department of biochemical and clinical sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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Le MPT, Voigt L, Nathanson R, Maw AM, Johnson G, Dancel R, Mathews B, Moreira A, Sauthoff H, Gelabert C, Kurian LM, Dumovich J, Proud KC, Solis-McCarthy J, Candotti C, Dayton C, Arena A, Boesch B, Flores S, Foster MT, Villalobos N, Wong T, Ortiz-Jaimes G, Mader M, Sisson C, Soni NJ. Comparison of four handheld point-of-care ultrasound devices by expert users. Ultrasound J 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 35796842 PMCID: PMC9263020 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-022-00274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is rapidly becoming ubiquitous across healthcare specialties. This is due to several factors including its portability, immediacy of results to guide clinical decision-making, and lack of radiation exposure to patients. The recent growth of handheld ultrasound devices has improved access to ultrasound for many clinicians. Few studies have directly compared different handheld ultrasound devices among themselves or to cart-based ultrasound machines. We conducted a prospective observational study comparing four common handheld ultrasound devices for ease of use, image quality, and overall satisfaction. Twenty-four POCUS experts utilized four handheld devices (Butterfly iQ+™ by Butterfly Network Inc., Kosmos™ by EchoNous, Vscan Air™ by General Electric, and Lumify™ by Philips Healthcare) to obtain three ultrasound views on the same standardized patients using high- and low-frequency probes. Results Data were collected from 24 POCUS experts using all 4 handheld devices. No single ultrasound device was superior in all categories. For overall ease of use, the Vscan Air™ was rated highest, followed by the Lumify™. For overall image quality, Lumify™ was rated highest, followed by Kosmos™. The Lumify™ device was rated highest for overall satisfaction, while the Vscan Air™ was rated as the most likely to be purchased personally and carried in one’s coat pocket. The top 5 characteristics of handheld ultrasound devices rated as being “very important” were image quality, ease of use, portability, total costs, and availability of different probes. Conclusions In a comparison of four common handheld ultrasound devices in the United States, no single handheld ultrasound device was perceived to have all desired characteristics. POCUS experts rated the Lumify™ highest for image quality and Vscan Air™ highest for ease of use. Overall satisfaction was highest with the Lumify™ device, while the most likely to be purchased as a pocket device was the Vscan Air™. Image quality was felt to be the most important characteristic in evaluating handheld ultrasound devices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13089-022-00274-6.
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Boivin Z, Carpenter S, Lee G, Chimileski B, Harrison J, Choudhary D, Herbst M. Evaluation of a Required Vertical Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Students. Cureus 2022; 14:e30002. [PMID: 36348834 PMCID: PMC9637009 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound training beginning in undergraduate medical education reinforces anatomy and physical examination skills and enhances clinical care. Implementation in an overcrowded curriculum requires strategic planning to overcome barriers including lack of faculty and equipment. Using Kern's six-step model as a framework, our study question was whether a longitudinal point-of-care ultrasound curriculum threaded through four years of medical school and using a novel combination of evidence-based strategies was feasible, acceptable, and resulted in students achieving ultrasound competencies by graduation. Materials and methods From 2016 to 2020, a required, vertical point-of-care ultrasound curriculum was created across all four undergraduate medical education class years, spearheaded by a single ultrasound fellowship-trained emergency physician with support from two basic anatomy faculty. We utilized strategies including handheld ultrasound devices, near-peer teaching, flipped classroom with virtual learning modules, staggered station rotations, and gamification to optimize student-instructor ratios and faculty time. Surveys and timed objective structured clinical assessments evaluated the curriculum. Results Students from the class of 2022 (n=99, 100% of class) participated in all curricular elements. Senior students answered more survey knowledge questions correctly when compared to pretest questions answered by first- and second-year students. Among 84 students who completed the survey, 75 (89%) rated their ultrasound curriculum as superior or above average. Objective structured clinical examination scores recorded for 53 students (54% of the class) demonstrated students correctly identified a median of 11-18 structures (interquartile range: 9.5-13) using point-of-care ultrasound. Conclusion Evidence-based strategies allowed faculty to develop a four-year required ultrasound curriculum that was highly acceptable by students and improved their knowledge and skills at graduation. At low cost and with few faculty, this program has been sustained for over six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Boivin
- Emergency Medicine, University of Connecticut Emergency Medicine Residency, Farmington, USA
| | - Sandra Carpenter
- General Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Grace Lee
- Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | | | - John Harrison
- Orthodontics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
| | | | - Meghan Herbst
- Emergency Department, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA
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Moore CA, Ross DW, Pivert KA, Lang VJ, Sozio SM, O’Neill WC. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training during Nephrology Fellowship: A National Survey of Fellows and Program Directors. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1487-1494. [PMID: 36130826 PMCID: PMC9528278 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01850222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)-performed by a clinician during a patient encounter and used in patient assessment and care planning-has many potential applications in nephrology. Yet, US nephrologists have been slow to adopt POCUS, which may affect the training of nephrology fellows. This study sought to identify the current state of POCUS training and implementation in nephrology fellowships. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Concise survey instruments measuring attitudes toward POCUS, its current use, fellow competence, and POCUS curricula were disseminated to (1) 912 US nephrology fellows taking the 2021 Nephrology In-Training Examination and (2) 229 nephrology training program directors and associate program directors. Fisher exact, chi-squared, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the frequencies of responses and the average responses between fellows and training program directors/associate program directors when possible. RESULTS Fellow and training program directors/associate program directors response rates were 69% and 37%, respectively. Only 38% of fellows (240 respondents) reported receiving POCUS education during their fellowship, and just 33% of those who did receive POCUS training reported feeling competent to use POCUS independently. Similarly, just 23% of training program directors/associate program directors indicated that they had a POCUS curriculum in place, although 74% of training program directors and associate program directors indicated that a program was in development or that there was interest in creating a POCUS curriculum. Most fellow and faculty respondents rated commonly covered POCUS topics-including dialysis access imaging and kidney biopsy-as "important" or "very important," with the greatest interest in diagnostic kidney ultrasound. Guided scanning with an instructor was the highest-rated teaching strategy. The most frequently reported barrier to POCUS program development was the lack of available instructors. CONCLUSIONS Despite high trainee and faculty interest in POCUS, the majority of current nephrology fellows are not receiving POCUS training. Hands-on training guided by an instructor is highly valued, yet availability of adequately trained instructors remains a barrier to program development. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_09_21_CJN01850222.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Moore
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Daniel W. Ross
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Great Neck, New York
| | | | - Valerie J. Lang
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine,University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Stephen M. Sozio
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chang Chan AYC, Stapper CPM, Bleys RLAW, van Leeuwen M, ten Cate O. Are We Facing the End of Gross Anatomy Teaching as We Have Known It for Centuries? ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1243-1250. [PMID: 36212704 PMCID: PMC9533781 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s378149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The status of anatomy education in undergraduate medical education has dramatically changed over the course of the past century. From the most important and time-consuming component of the preclinical program, anatomy education has reduced in size and status, and yielded in curricular space to accommodate other disciplines and topics. Meanwhile, radiology has become more prominent, as a means to visualize anatomy, not only in clinical care but also in education. For this perspective paper, the authors, all with backgrounds in anatomy, radiology and/or medical education, conducted structured conversations with several academic colleagues with similar backgrounds, reviewed pertinent literature and analyzed the causes of the historical decline of a knowledge domain of medical education, that nevertheless is widely considered essential for medical students and graduates. After this analysis, the authors propose four ways forward. These directions include systematic peer teaching and development of anatomy education as a scholarly domain, further vertical integration with postgraduate medical education, full integration with radiology education, and capitalizing on educational technology. Schools in several industrialized countries have made steps in these directions, which can be further strengthened. In less affluent countries, and in countries with curricula strongly determined by tradition, these steps are less easy to make. To respond to changes in global health and health care, combined with the inevitable technological progress, and international mobility, we believe all schools will move in these directions, slower or faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Yoe-Cheng Chang Chan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Leon (UNAN-Leon), Leon, Nicaragua
| | - Coen P M Stapper
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald L A W Bleys
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Leeuwen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olle ten Cate
- Utrecht Center for Research and Development of Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Russell FM, Herbert A, Peterson D, Wallach PM, Ferre RM. Assessment of Medical Students' Ability to Integrate Point-of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound Into a Case-Based Simulation After a Short Intervention. Cureus 2022; 14:e27513. [PMID: 36060409 PMCID: PMC9424786 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ferre RM, Russell FM, Peterson D, Zakeri B, Herbert A, Nti B, Goldman M, Wilcox JG, Wallach PM. Piloting a Graduate Medical Education Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum. Cureus 2022; 14:e27173. [PMID: 36017274 PMCID: PMC9393314 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use grows, training in graduate medical education (GME) is increasingly needed. We piloted a multispecialty GME POCUS curriculum and assessed feasibility, knowledge, and comfort with performing POCUS exams. Methods Residents were selected from the following residency programs: internal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and a combined internal medicine/pediatrics program. Didactics occurred through an online curriculum that consisted of five modules: physics and machine operation, cardiac, lung, soft tissue, and extended focused sonography in trauma applications. Residents completed a pre- and post-curriculum questionnaire, as well as knowledge assessments before and after each module. One-hour hands-on training sessions were held for each module. Differences between pre- and post-participation questionnaire responses were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum. Results Of the 24 residents selected, 21 (86%) were post-graduate year two or three, and 16 (65%) were from the internal medicine program. Eighteen (67%) residents reported limited prior POCUS experience. All pre- to post-knowledge assessment scores increased (p<0.05). Statistically significant increases pre- to post-curriculum were found for frequency of POCUS use (p = 0.003), comfort in using POCUS for assessing for abdominal aortic aneurysm, soft tissue abscess detection, undifferentiated hypotension and dyspnea, cardiac arrest and heart failure (p<0.025); and competency in machine use, acquiring and interpreting images and incorporating POCUS into clinical practice (p<0.001). All participants felt the skills learned during this curriculum were essential to their future practice. Conclusions In this pilot, we found using a combination of online and hands-on training to be feasible, with improvement in residents’ knowledge, comfort, and use of POCUS.
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Herbert A, Russell FM, Zahn G, Zakeri B, Motzkus C, Wallach PM, Ferre RM. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Education During a Pandemic: From Webinar to Progressive Dinner-Style Bedside Learning. Cureus 2022; 14:e25141. [PMID: 35747012 PMCID: PMC9206505 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), traditionally, requires the proximity of learners and educators, making POCUS education challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. We set out to evaluate three alternate approaches to teaching POCUS in UME. Sessions progressed from an online seminar to a remote, interactive simulation to a “progressive dinner” style session, as precautions evolved throughout the pandemic. Methods: This prospective study details a series of three POCUS workshops that were designed to align with prevailing social distancing precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 656 medical students were included. The first and second workshops used web-based conferencing technology with real-time ultrasound imaging, with the second workshop focusing on clinical integration through simulation. As distancing precautions were updated, a novel “progressive dinner” technique was used for the third workshop. Surveys were conducted after each session to obtain feedback on students’ attitudes toward alternative teaching techniques and quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. Results: The initial, remote POCUS workshop was performed for 180 medical students. Ninety-nine (177) percent of students felt the session was “intellectually challenging” and “stimulating.” Ninety-nine percent of students (340/344), after the second workshop, indicated the session was intellectually challenging, stimulating, and a positive learning experience. Students' ability to correctly identify pathologic images increased post-session evaluation from in-session polling. For workshop three, 99% (107/108) of students indicated that the session was “informative.” There was a significant improvement in pre- to post-workshop knowledge regarding image acquisition, interpretation, and clinical integration. Conclusion: While image acquisition skills are best conveyed at the bedside, these modified POCUS teaching techniques developed and delivered in alignment with COVID-19 pandemic restrictions during a series of three workshops were shown to be effective surrogates for traditional teaching approaches when social distancing requirements, a large learner pool, or lack of local expertise exist.
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DePhilip RM, Quinn MM. Adaptation of an anatomy graduate course in ultrasound imaging from in-person to live, remote instruction during the Covid-19 pandemic. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 15:493-507. [PMID: 35271761 PMCID: PMC9082486 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Health concerns during the Covid-19 pandemic required the adaptation of a lecture-laboratory course in ultrasound imaging for graduate students from an in-person to a live, remote learning format. The adaptation of in-person lectures to live, remote delivery was achieved by using videoconferencing. The adaptation of in-person laboratory sessions to live, remote instruction was achieved in the first half of the course by providing a hand-held ultrasound instrument to each student who performed self-scanning at their remote locations, while the instructor provided live instruction using videoconferencing. In the second half of the course, the students transitioned to using cart-based, hospital-type instruments and self-scanning in the ultrasound laboratory on campus. The aim of this study was to measure the success of this adaptation to the course by comparing assessment scores of students in the live, remote course with assessment scores of students in the in-person course offered in the previous year. There were no statistically significant differences in the assessment scores of students in the two courses. The adaptation of a course in ultrasound imaging from an in-person to a live, remote learning format during the Covid-19 pandemic described here suggests that contrary to the prevailing view, ultrasound imaging can be taught to students without in-person instruction. The adapted course can serve as a model for teaching ultrasound where instructors and learners are physically separated by constraints other than health concerns during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. DePhilip
- Division of AnatomyDepartment of Biomedical Education and AnatomyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Melissa M. Quinn
- Division of AnatomyDepartment of Biomedical Education and AnatomyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
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Advancing Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training in Medical Schools: Ultrasound-Guided Subclavian Vein Access Training Using Formalin-Embalmed Cadavers. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0680. [PMID: 35492259 PMCID: PMC9042585 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kennedy SK, Ferre RM, Rood LK, Nti B, Ehrman RR, Brenner D, Rutz MA, Zahn GS, Herbert AG, Russell FM. Success of implementation of a systemwide point-of-care ultrasound privileging program for emergency medicine faculty. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2022; 6:e10744. [PMID: 35493291 PMCID: PMC9045579 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely used in the emergency department (ED). Not all practicing emergency physicians received POCUS training during residency, leaving a training gap that is reflected in POCUS privileging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of meeting privileging criteria as well as associated factors, following implementation of a basic POCUS training and privileging program within a large emergency medicine department. METHODS We implemented a POCUS training and privileging program, based on national guidelines, for faculty physicians who worked at one of the following EDs staffed by the same emergency medicine department: a pediatric tertiary site, two tertiary academic sites, and seven community sites. POCUS examinations included aorta, cardiac, first-trimester obstetrics (OB), and extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma. Pediatric emergency medicine faculty were taught soft tissue and thoracic US instead of aorta and OB. Completion of the program required 16 h of didactics, ≥25 quality-assured US examinations by examination type, and passing a series of knowledge-based examinations. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Associations between physician characteristics and successfully becoming privileged in POCUS were modeled using Firth's logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 176 faculty physicians were eligible. A total of 145 (82.4%) achieved basic POCUS privileging during the study period. Different pathways were used including 86 (48.9%) practice-based, nine (5.1%) fellowship-based, and 82 (46.9%) residency-based. POCUS privileging was lower for those working in a community versus academic setting (odds ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.9). A greater number of scans completed prior to the privileging program was associated with greater success. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a POCUS training and privileging program can be successful in a large emergency medicine department that staffs hospitals in a large-scale health care system composed of both academic and community sites. Faculty physicians with at least some prior exposure to POCUS were more successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Kennedy
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Robinson M. Ferre
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Loren K. Rood
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Benjamin Nti
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Robert R. Ehrman
- Department of Emergency MedicineWayne State University School of MedicineDetroit Medical Center/Sinai‐Grace HospitalDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel Brenner
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Matt A. Rutz
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Greg S. Zahn
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Audrey G. Herbert
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Frances M. Russell
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Phelan DM, Mayer SA, Stainback RF. Point-of-Care Ultrasonography. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:196. [PMID: 35020996 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2118252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dermot M Phelan
- Atrium Health Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Susan A Mayer
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
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