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Deb B, Saini K, Arora S, Kumar S, Soni SL, Saini M. Olanzapine versus standard antiemetic prophylaxis for the prevention of post-discharge nausea and vomiting after propofol-based general anaesthesia: A randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth 2024; 68:566-571. [PMID: 38903258 PMCID: PMC11186532 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_1162_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) is a pertinent problem in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the novel drug olanzapine, which has proved its efficiency in patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy for PDNV prevention. Methods This randomised controlled trial recruited 106 adult patients (18-65 years) undergoing highly emetogenic daycare surgeries with propofol-based general anaesthesia (GA). Group O received preoperative oral olanzapine 10 mg, and Group C, acting as a control, received 8 mg of intravenous dexamethasone and 4 mg of ondansetron intraoperatively. The primary outcome was nausea (numeric rating scale >3) and/or vomiting 24 h after discharge. Secondary outcomes included nausea and vomiting in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU), severe nausea, vomiting and side effects. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables. Fisher's exact test was used to assess any non-random associations between the categorical variables. Results The incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting were similar in both groups within PACU (four patients experienced nausea and vomiting, three had severe symptoms in Group O, P = 0.057) and in the post-discharge period (three patients in Group O had nausea and vomiting compared to five patients in Group C, of which four were severe, P = 0.484). The side effects (sedation, dizziness, and light-headedness) were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion A single preoperative oral olanzapine can be an effective alternative to standard antiemetic prophylaxis involving dexamethasone and ondansetron for preventing PDNV in highly emetogenic daycare surgeries with propofol-based GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binayak Deb
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kulbhushan Saini
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suman Arora
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shiv L. Soni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manu Saini
- Department of Ophthalmology, PGIMER Chandigarh, India
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Chen N, Ji S, Liu J, Wang L, Chen F, Zhu Y, Li J, Chen M, Chen L, Wang M, He R, Mei X, Zhang Z, Jin S, Zheng J, Jiang Y. Olanzapine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2024; 15:20420986241244593. [PMID: 38646425 PMCID: PMC11027591 DOI: 10.1177/20420986241244593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to investigate the prophylactic effect of oral olanzapine in postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Methods ASA I-II, aged 18-75 years, planned to undergo gynecologic laparoscopic surgery with general anesthesia in adult female patients. Using the randomized numbers table, the patients were placed in two groups. Oral olanzapine 5 mg or placebo was given 1 h before anesthesia. All patients received standard antiemetic prophylaxis with dexamethasone and granisetron. The primary outcome was nausea and/or vomiting in the 24 h after the postoperative. Results A total of 250 patients were randomized, and 241 were analyzed. The primary outcome occurred in 10 of 120 patients (8.3%) in the olanzapine group and 23 of 121 patients (19.2%) in the placebo group (p = 0.014). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the probabilities of nausea and/or vomiting in the 24 h after the postoperative in the olanzapine group were lower than in the placebo group (log-rank p = 0.014). In a multivariate Cox analysis, the variables of use of olanzapine [hazard ratio (HR): 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16-0.79; p = 0.012] and use of vasoactive drugs (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.07-5.75; p = 0.034) were independently associated with nausea and/or vomiting in the 24 h after the postoperative. Conclusion Our data suggest that olanzapine relative to placebo decreased the risk of nausea and/or vomiting in the 24 h after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Trial registration The trial was registered prior to patient enrollment at The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=166900, link to registry page, Principal investigator: Nanjin Chen, Date of registration: 25 April 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shuman Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junfei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Fenglin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Minjuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lingyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Mingcang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ruyi He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, China
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Yongpo Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150, Ximen Street, Taizhou 317000, China
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Grigio TR, Timmerman H, Sousa AM, Wolff AP. Olanzapine as a prophylactic antiemetic for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100345. [PMID: 38513297 PMCID: PMC10972821 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiemetic effectiveness of olanzapine, as a prophylactic off-label antiemetic drug, for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is unknown. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors evaluate the efficacy and side effects of olanzapine as a prophylactic antiemetic in adult patients who undergo general anesthesia and assess adverse effects. METHODS A systematic search was done on electronic bibliographic databases in July 2023. Randomized controlled trials of olanzapine as a prophylactic antiemetic for PONV in adults who underwent general anesthesia were included. The authors excluded non-RCTs and retracted studies. The authors set no date of publication or language limits. The outcomes were the incidence of PONV within 24 h postoperatively and the safety of olanzapine. The risk of bias was assessed according to the tool suggested by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. RESULTS Meta-analysis included 446 adult patients. Olanzapine reduced on average 38 % the incidence of PONV. The estimated risk ratio (95 % CI) of olanzapine versus control was 0.62 (0.42-0.90), p = 0.010, I2 = 67 %. In the subgroup meta-analysis, doses of olanzapine (10 mg) reduced on average 49 % of the incidence of PONV (RR = 0.51 [0.34-0.77], p = 0.001, I2 = 31 %). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review with meta-analysis indicated that olanzapine as a prophylactic antiemetic alone or combined with other antiemetic agents reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, this conclusion must be presented with some degree of uncertainty due to the small number of studies included. There was a lack of any evidence to draw conclusions on side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Ramos Grigio
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Postgraduate Program of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Sciences and Perioperative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hans Timmerman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Maria Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Sciences and Perioperative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Paul Wolff
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Grigio TR, Timmerman H, Martins JVB, Slullitel A, Wolff AP, Sousa AM. Olanzapine as an add-on, pre-operative anti-emetic drug for postoperative nausea or vomiting: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:1206-1214. [PMID: 37449978 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative nausea or vomiting occurs in up to 40% in patients with multiple risk factors, despite prophylaxis. Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug that is used to prevent nausea and vomiting in palliative care and to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to examine whether pre-operative olanzapine, as a prophylactic anti-emetic added to intra-operative dexamethasone, ondansetron and total intravenous anaesthesia, reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting. We performed a multiply-blinded randomised controlled trial in patients aged 18-60 years with cancer at high risk of postoperative nausea or vomiting (three or four risk factors according to the Apfel criteria) plus a previous history of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Patients were allocated at random to receive 10 mg olanzapine or placebo orally 1 h before surgery in addition to a two-drug regimen (dexamethasone and ondansetron) and propofol anaesthesia to prevent postoperative nausea or vomiting. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting in the first 24 h after surgery. In total, 100 patients were enrolled; 47 in the olanzapine group and 49 in the control group completed the study. The baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. The incidence of postoperative nausea or vomiting in the first 24 h after surgery was lower in the olanzapine group (12/47, 26%) than in the control group (31/49, 63%) (p = 0.008, RR 0.40 (95%CI 0.21-0.79)). Adding pre-operative oral olanzapine to intra-operative dexamethasone and ondansetron was highly effective in reducing the risk of postoperative nausea or vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery in patients with a previous history of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and at least three Apfel risk factors for postoperative nausea or vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Grigio
- Postgraduate Program of Anesthesiology, Surgical Sciences and Perioperative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Timmerman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J V B Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Slullitel
- Postgraduate Program of Anesthesiology, Surgical Sciences and Perioperative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P Wolff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Anesthesiology, Surgical Sciences and Perioperative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Schlesinger T, Weibel S, Kranke P. Postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting: evidence-based prevention and treatment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:109-116. [PMID: 36214542 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PONV/PDNV) remains a relevant issue in perioperative care. Especially in outpatient surgery, PONV can prevent discharge or lead to unplanned readmission. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence on prophylaxis and treatment of PONV is growing, but implementation remains poor. SUMMARY A liberal, universal PONV management is now endorsed by the guidelines. Specific evidence concerning prevention and (at-home) treatment of PDNV is still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schlesinger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Schlesinger T, Meybohm P, Kranke P. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: risk factors, prediction tools, and algorithms. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:117-123. [PMID: 36550611 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PONV/PDNV) remain relevant issues in perioperative care. Especially in ambulatory surgery, PONV can prevent discharge or lead to unplanned readmission. RECENT FINDINGS The evidence for the management of PONV is now quite good but is still inadequately implemented. A universal, multimodal rather than risk-adapted approach for PONV prophylaxis is now recommended. The evidence on PDNV is insufficient. SUMMARY PDNV management is based primarily on consequent prophylaxis and therapy of PONV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schlesinger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Xie C, Zhang C, Sun H, Lu Y. Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:781689. [PMID: 34966761 PMCID: PMC8710599 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and disturbing problem in patients undergoing ambulatory thyroidectomy. This prospective trial aimed to explore whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with azasetron (AZA) can further drop the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing ambulatory thyroidectomy compared with AZA. Methods: This single-center, randomized, double-blind trial involved 172 adult patients undergoing ambulatory thyroidectomy. The individuals were randomized to DEX + AZA group and AZA group. In the DEX + AZA group, patients received dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg kg-1 for 10 min and then the infusion rate was held at 0.1 μg kg-1 h-1 until the completion of the operation, while the same amount of 0.9% saline in the AZA group. At the completion of the surgery, 10 mg azasetron was administered to every patient in both groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of 24 h PONV after ambulatory thyroidectomy. The secondary outcomes included residence time in recovery room, pain scores, severity of nausea, and adverse events. Results: No significant difference was found in the incidence of 24-h PONV between the DEX + AZA group and the AZA group [36% (30 of 84) vs. 38% (32 of 84); relative risk, 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-1.40; P = 0.749]. The incidence of severe nausea was similar between the DEX + AZA group and the AZA group [57% (12 of 21) vs. 43% (9 of 21); relative risk, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.72-2.50; P = 0.355]. Conclusions: Intraoperative dexmedetomidine combined with azasetron failed to drop the incidence of 24-h PONV compared with azasetron alone in patients undergoing ambulatory thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Caihui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Ambulatory Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Rajan N, Joshi GP. Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults: current controversies. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2021; 34:695-702. [PMID: 34560688 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continue to plague the surgical patient population with an adverse impact on postoperative outcomes. The aim of this review is to critically assess current evidence for PONV management, including studies evaluating baseline risk reduction and antiemetic prophylaxis, to provide a pragmatic approach to prevention and treatment of PONV in routine clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple recent reviews and guidelines have been published on this topic with some limitations. In the current ERAS era, all patients irrespective of their PONV risk should receive two to three antiemetics for prophylaxis. Patients at a high risk of PONV [i.e. prior history of PONV, history of motion sickness, high opioid requirements after surgery (e.g. inability to use nonopioid analgesic techniques)] should receive three to four antiemetics for prophylaxis. SUMMARY This review provides a practical approach to PONV prevention based on recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraja Rajan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Girish P Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Olanzapine has become a major drug in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting as a prophylactic agent. In addition, a recent randomized trial has demonstrated its benefits in treating nausea and vomiting associated with advanced cancer. The added benefit to olanzapine is that it also stimulates appetite. As a result, since it treats multiple symptoms associated with advanced cancer, it is likely to become the antiemetic of choice in palliative care at least in the USA. The added benefit of treating insomnia and the avoidance of benzodiazepines should place olanzapine in at the top of the list of drugs to use for patients who do complain of insomnia. There is no good evidence that it potentiates the respiratory depression of opioids unlike benzodiazepines. The evidence is weak that olanzapine in as an adjuvant analgesic. Hopefully, future trials will explore this in greater depth. The benefits of adding olanzapine to potent opioids are that it may reduce craving, drug cues, and opioid misuse. Other symptoms like anxiety and depression may be addressed by the addition of olanzapine to standard antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P Davis
- Geisinger Medical Center, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| | - Gareth J Sanger
- Blizard Institute and National Bowel Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
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COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings due to first-episode mental disorders in Wuhan, China: clinical characteristics, treatments, outcomes, and our experiences. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:337. [PMID: 33009366 PMCID: PMC7531059 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data are scarce regarding the comorbid mental disorders and their management among COVID-19 patients. This study described the clinical characteristics and management of COVID-19 patients treated in psychiatric inpatient settings due to comorbid first-onset mental disorders in Wuhan, China. This electronic medical records-based study included 25 COVID-19 patients with first-onset mental disorders and 55 patients with first-onset mental disorders without COVID-19 (control group). Data collected included ICD-10 diagnoses of mental disorders, psychiatric and respiratory symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Adjustment disorder (n = 11, 44.0%) and acute and transient psychotic disorders, with associated acute stress (n = 6, 24.0%) were main clinical diagnoses in the COVID-19 group while serious mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia, 24.5%) and alcohol use disorders (10.9%) were overrepresented in the control group. On admission, the most common psychiatric symptom in COVID-19 patients was insomnia symptoms (n = 18, 72.0%), followed by aggressive behaviors (n = 16, 64.0%), delusion (n = 10, 40.0%), and severe anxiety (n = 9, 36.0%). In addition to respiratory treatments, 76.0% COVID-19 patients received antipsychotics, 40.0% sedative-hypnotics, and 24.0% mood stabilizers. At the end of inpatient treatment, 4 (16.0%) COVID-19 patients were transferred to other hospitals to continue respiratory treatment after their psychiatric symptoms were controlled while the remaining 21 (84.0%) all recovered. Compared to the control group, COVID-19 group had significantly shorter length of hospital stay (21.2 vs. 37.4 days, P < 0.001). Adjustment disorder and acute and transient psychotic disorders are the main clinical diagnoses of COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings. The short-term prognosis of these patients is good after conventional psychotropic treatment.
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Olanzapine for the Prevention of Postdischarge Nausea and Vomiting after Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Erratum. Anesthesiology 2020; 133:693. [PMID: 32516149 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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