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Qian Z, Zhang M, Lu T, Yu J, Yin S, Wang H, Wang J. Propolis alleviates ulcerative colitis injury by inhibiting the protein kinase C - transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 - calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P (PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP) signaling axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294169. [PMID: 38206948 PMCID: PMC10783729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of water-soluble propolis (WSP) on colonic tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) and the role of the protein kinase C - transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 - calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P (PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP) signaling pathway. Male SD rats were divided into a control group, a UC model group, various WSP groups (Low-WSP, Medium-WSP, and High-WSP) with UC, and a salazosulfapyridine (SASP) positive control group with UC. After UC was established, the WSP and SASP groups were treated with WSP or SASP, respectively, for 7 d. Each day, body weight measurements were obtained, and the disease activity index (DAI) was recorded by observing fecal characteristics and blood in the stool. After the experiment, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) colonic tissue staining was performed to observe pathological changes, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP expression in colonic tissues, and laser confocal microscopy was performed to observe the fluorescence colocalization of PKC/TRPV1, TRPV1/CGRP, and TRPV1/SP. HE staining showed significant colonic tissue structure disruption and inflammatory infiltration in the UC group. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP in the colonic tissues of the UC group increased significantly compared with that of the control group. Compared with the UC group, the expression of PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP in colonic tissues was significantly reduced in the High-WSP, Medium-WSP, and SASP groups. Immunofluorescence showed the colocalized expression of PKC/TRPV1, TRPV1/CGRP, and TRPV1/SP proteins in the colon tissue of the UC group was significantly reduced after WSP and SASP interventions compared with that of the control group. The results suggest that the mechanism of UC alleviation by propolis may inhibit the PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory mediators, thus alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Taiyu Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Siyuan Yin
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
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da Costa FLP, Pinto MCX, Santos DC, Carobin NV, de Jesus ICG, Ferreira LA, Guatimosim S, Silva JF, Castro Junior CJ. Ketamine potentiates TRPV1 receptor signaling in the peripheral nociceptive pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114210. [PMID: 32882205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TRPV1 is a cation channel expressed in peripheral nociceptive pathways and its activation can trigger nociception signals to the brain. Ketamine is an intravenous anesthetic routinely used for anesthesia induction and with potent analgesic activity. Despite its proven depressant action on peripheral sensory pathways, the relationship between ketamine and TRPV1 receptors is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ketamine injected peripherally in a rat model of spontaneous pain induced by capsaicin. We also investigated the effect of ketamine on Ca2+ transients in cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and HEK293 cells expressing the TRPV1 receptor (HEK-TRPV1 cells). Intraplantar administration of ketamine caused an unexpected increase in nocifensive behavior induced by capsaicin. Incubation of HEK-TRPV1 cells with 10 μM ketamine increased TRPV1 and PKCє phosphorylation. Ketamine potentiated capsaicin-induced Ca2+ transients in HEK-TRPV1 cells and DRG neurons. Ketamine also prevented TRPV1 receptor desensitization induced by successive applications of capsaicin. єV1-2, a PKCє inhibitor, reduced potentiation of capsaicin-induced Ca2+ transients by ketamine. Taken together, our data indicate that ketamine potentiates TRPV1 receptor sensitivity to capsaicin through a mechanism dependent on PKCє activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Duana Carvalho Santos
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Ensino e Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Itamar Couto Guedes de Jesus
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana Assis Ferreira
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Ensino e Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zaman B, Noorizad S, Seyed Siamdoust S, Alimian M, Parak S. The Effect of Propofol Infusion Before Administration of Its Bolus Dose on Propofol Injection Pain and Serum Complement C3 Levels; A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med 2020; 9:e84067. [PMID: 32280611 PMCID: PMC7118443 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.84067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain on injection with propofol is still a major problem associated with anesthesia. Several factors involved in this event have been studied with respect to their pain attenuating effects. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of propofol infusion before administration of its bolus dose of propofol on the resulted pain at its induction dose and on serum complement C3 levels. Methods This clinical trial was performed on patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia divided into three groups, including A (without intervention), B (propofol infusion at a dose of 50 µg/kg/min before anesthesia induction), and C (propofol infusion at a dose of 100 µg/kg/min 100 before anesthesia induction). During anesthesia induction by propofol, the presence, absence or severity of pain was determined using the Numerical Rating Pain Scale. Serum complement C3 levels were measured and their relationships with pain scores were compared between three groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS V. 22 software. Results There were significant differences in the mean pain scores between three groups (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference in the mean pain scores was observed between the groups B and C (P > 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of the differences in complement C3 values in the three groups before and after injection were 72.15 ± 14.9, 27.65 ± 9.82, and 18.95 ± 4.68, respectively, which demonstrated a significant difference between three groups (P < 0.05). However, the difference in complement C3 values between the groups B and C was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions According to the obtained results, the low doses of infused propofol, 2 minutes before administration of its bolus dose, seems to have a considerable attenuating effect on its pain score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Zaman
- Pain Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Noorizad
- Pain Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahzad Alimian
- Pain Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Pain Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9123070413,
| | - Sara Parak
- Department of Anesthesia, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen K, Yu J, Wang Q, Wu L, Liu X, Wong GTC, Lu Y. The timing of propofol administration affects the effectiveness of remote ischemic preconditioning induced cardioprotection in rats. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4535-4541. [PMID: 32030809 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotection of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is abolished under propofol maintained anesthesia. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is present in the heart, and its activation could induce cardioprotection. Therefore, we tested whether the anesthetic propofol administration phase interfered with the RIPC-induced cardioprotection, and RIPC-induced cardioprotection via the cardiac TRPV1 channel. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to myocardial 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. RIPC consisted of three cycles of 5-minute ischemia/reperfusion applied to a hindlimb. Propofol infusion at 12 mg/kg/h was commenced either at 10 minutes before the start of RIPC in the P-pre + RIPC group, or immediately after myocardial ischemia at the onset of reperfusion (P-post + RIPC) while performing RIPC. These two propofol infusion regimes were applied to another two grou bs without RIPC (P-pre and P-post groups). Infarct size (IS) was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Heart TRPV1 expression was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RIPC significantly reduced myocardial IS compared with the control group (36.7 ± 3% versus 57.2 ± 4%; P < .01). When propofol was started before RIPC, the IS sparing effect of RIPC was completely abolished. However, propofol infusion starting immediately after myocardial ischemia did not affect RIPC-induced cardioprotection. TRPV1 expression significant increase after RIPC, then propofol inhibited the TRPV1 activation of RIPC if given before RIPC but not after. Our results suggest that the timing of propofol administration is critical to preserve the cardioprotection of RIPC. Propofol might cancel RIPC-induced cardioprotection via the cardiac TRPV1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junma Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lining Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Du Q, Liao Q, Chen C, Yang X, Xie R, Xu J. The Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in Common Diseases of the Digestive Tract and the Cardiovascular and Respiratory System. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1064. [PMID: 31496955 PMCID: PMC6712094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), a member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel family, is a nonselective cation channel that is widely expressed in sensory nerve fibers and nonneuronal cells, including certain vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The activation of TRPV1 may be involved in the regulation of various physiological functions, such as the release of inflammatory mediators in the body, gastrointestinal motility function, and temperature regulation. In recent years, a large number of studies have revealed that TRPV1 plays an important role in the physiological and pathological conditions of the digestive system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system, but there is no systematic report on TRPV1. The objective of this review is to explain the function and effects of TRPV1 on specific diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, hypertension, and asthma, and to further investigate the intrinsic relationship between the expression and function of TRPV1 in those diseases to find new therapeutic targets for the cure of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Yu J, Chen K, Wu L, Liu X, Lu Y. Anesthetic propofol blunts remote preconditioning of trauma-induced cardioprotection via the TRPV1 receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109308. [PMID: 31401396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote preconditioning of trauma (RPCT) by surgical incision is an effective cardioprotective strategy via the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel as a form of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). However, cardioprotection by RIPC has been shown to be completely blocked by propofol. We thus hypothesized that propofol may interfere with RPCT induced cardioprotection, and that RPCT induces cardioprotection via the cardiac TRPV1 channel. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. RPCT was achieved by a transverse abdominal incision. Additionally, propofol or the TRPV1 receptor inhibitor capsazepine (CPZ) was given before RPCT. Infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Heart TRPV1 expression was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RPCT significantly reduced infarct size compared to control treatment (45.6 ± 4% versus 65.4 ± 2%, P < 0.01). This protective effect of RPCT was completely abolished by propofol and CPZ. TRPV1 channels are present in the heart. Therefore, cardioprotection by RPCT is also abolished by propofol, and cardiac TRPV1 mediates this cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junma Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230061, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230061, PR China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China.
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Angiotensin II-mediated suppression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell was inhibited by propofol: role of calcium signaling pathway. J Anesth 2018; 32:856-865. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sinharoy P, Bratz IN, Sinha S, Showalter LE, Andrei SR, Damron DS. TRPA1 and TRPV1 contribute to propofol-mediated antagonism of U46619-induced constriction in murine coronary arteries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180106. [PMID: 28644897 PMCID: PMC5482493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have emerged as key components contributing to vasoreactivity. Propofol, an anesthetic is associated with adverse side effects including hypotension and acute pain upon infusion. Our objective was to determine the extent to which TRPA1 and/or TRPV1 ion channels are involved in mediating propofol-induced vasorelaxation of mouse coronary arterioles in vitro and elucidate the potential cellular signal transduction pathway by which this occurs. METHODS Hearts were excised from anesthetized mice and coronary arterioles were dissected from control C57Bl/6J, TRPA1-/-, TRPV1-/- and double-knockout mice (TRPAV-/-). Isolated microvessels were cannulated and secured in a temperature-controlled chamber and allowed to equilibrate for 1 hr. Vasoreactivity studies were performed in microvessels pre-constricted with U46619 to assess the dose-dependent relaxation effects of propofol on coronary microvascular tone. RESULTS Propofol-induced relaxation was unaffected in vessels obtained from TRPV1-/- mice, markedly attenuated in pre-constricted vessels obtained from TRPA1-/- mice and abolished in vessels obtained from TRPAV-/- mice. Furthermore, NOS inhibition with L-NAME or endothelium denuding abolished the proporfol-induced depressor response in pre-constricted vessels obtained from all mice. In the absence of L-NAME, BKCa inhibition with penitrem A markedly attenuated propofol-mediated relaxation in vessels obtained from wild-type mice and to a lesser extent in vessels obtained from TRPV1-/-, mice with no effect in vessels obtained from TRPA1-/- or TRPAV-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS TRPA1 and TRPV1 appear to contribute to the propofol-mediated antagonism of U46619-induced constriction in murine coronary microvessels that involves activation of NOS and BKCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sinharoy
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ian N. Bratz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical College, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sayantani Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Loral E. Showalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Spencer R. Andrei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Derek S. Damron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
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Andrei SR, Sinharoy P, Bratz IN, Damron DS. TRPA1 is functionally co-expressed with TRPV1 in cardiac muscle: Co-localization at z-discs, costameres and intercalated discs. Channels (Austin) 2016; 10:395-409. [PMID: 27144598 PMCID: PMC4988441 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2016.1185579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channels of the ankyrin subtype-1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid subtype-1 (TRPV1) are structurally related, non-selective cation channels that show a high permeability to calcium. Previous studies indicate that TRP channels play a prominent role in the regulation of cardiovascular dynamics and homeostasis, but also contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases and disorders within the cardiovascular system. However, no studies to date have identified the functional expression and/or intracellular localization of TRPA1 in primary adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although TRPV1 has been implicated in the regulation of cardiac function, there is a paucity of information regarding functional expression and localization of TRPV1 in adult CMs. Our current studies demonstrate that TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels are co-expressed at the protein level in CMs and both channels are expressed throughout the endocardium, myocardium and epicardium. Moreover, immunocytochemical localization demonstrates that both channels predominantly colocalize at the Z-discs, costameres and intercalated discs. Furthermore, specific TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonists elicit dose-dependent, transient rises in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that are abolished in CMs obtained from TRPA1−/− and TRPV1−/− mice. Similarly, we observed a dose-dependent attenuation of the TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonist-induced increase in [Ca2+]i when WT CMs were pretreated with increasing concentrations of selective TRPA1 or TRPV1 channel antagonists. In summary, these findings demonstrate functional expression and the precise ultrastructural localization of TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels in freshly isolated mouse CMs. Crosstalk between TRPA1 and TRPV1 may be important in mediating cellular signaling events in cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Andrei
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - Pritam Sinharoy
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - Ian N Bratz
- b Department of Integrated Medical Sciences , Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , OH , USA
| | - Derek S Damron
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
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Sinharoy P, Zhang H, Sinha S, Prudner BC, Bratz IN, Damron DS. Propofol restores TRPV1 sensitivity via a TRPA1-, nitric oxide synthase-dependent activation of PKCε. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00153. [PMID: 26171233 PMCID: PMC4492729 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the intravenous anesthetic, propofol, restores the sensitivity of transient receptor potential vanilloid channel subtype-1 (TRPV1) receptors via a protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε)-dependent and transient receptor potential ankyrin channel subtype-1 (TRPA1)-dependent pathway in sensory neurons. The extent to which the two pathways are directly linked or operating in parallel has not been determined. Using a molecular approach, our objectives of the current study were to confirm that TRPA1 activation directly results in PKCε activation and to elucidate the cellular mechanism by which this occurs. F-11 cells were transfected with complimentary DNA (cDNA) for TRPV1 only or both TRPV1 and TRPA1. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was measured in individual cells via fluorescence microscopy. An immunoblot analysis of the total and phosphorylated forms of PKCε, nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and TRPV1 was also performed. In F-11 cells containing both channels, PKCε inhibition prevented the propofol- and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-induced restoration of TRPV1 sensitivity to agonist stimulation as well as increased phosphorylation of PKCε and TRPV1. In cells containing TRPV1 only, neither agonist induced PKCε or TRPV1 phosphorylation. Moreover, NOS inhibition blocked propofol-and AITC-induced restoration of TRPV1 sensitivity and PKCε phosphorylation, and PKCε inhibition prevented the nitric oxide donor, SNAP, from restoring TRPV1 sensitivity. Also, propofol-and AITC-induced phosphorylation of nNOS and nitric oxide (NO) production were blocked with the TRPA1-antagonist, HC-030031. These data indicate that the AITC- and propofol-induced restoration of TRPV1 sensitivity is mediated by a TRPA1-dependent, nitric oxide synthase-dependent activation of PKCε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sinharoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University Kent, Ohio, 44242
| | | | - Sayantani Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University Kent, Ohio, 44242
| | - Bethany C Prudner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University Kent, Ohio, 44242
| | - Ian N Bratz
- Department of Integrated Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Derek S Damron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University Kent, Ohio, 44242
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11
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Sinha S, Sinharoy P, Bratz IN, Damron DS. Propofol causes vasodilation in vivo via TRPA1 ion channels: role of nitric oxide and BKCa channels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122189. [PMID: 25830814 PMCID: PMC4382130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels of the A1 (TRPA1) and V1 (TRPV1) subtypes are key regulators of vasomotor tone. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic known to cause vasorelaxation. Our objectives were to examine the extent to which TRPA1 and/or TRPV1 ion channels mediate propofol-induced depressor responses in vivo and to delineate the signaling pathway(s) involved. Methods Mice were subjected to surgery under 1.5–2.5% sevoflurane gas with supplemental oxygen. After a stable baseline in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was achieved propofol (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg/min) was administered to assess the hemodynamic actions of the intravenous anesthetic. The effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with L-NAME and/or calcium-gated K+ channel (BKCa) inhibition with Penetrim A (Pen A), alone and in combination, on propofol-induced decreases in mean arterial pressure were assessed in control C57Bl/6J, TRPA1-/-, TRPV1-/- and double-knockout mice (TRPAV-/-). Results Propofol decreased MAP in control mice and this effect was markedly attenuated in TRPA1-/- and TRPAV-/- mice but unaffected in TRPV1-/-mice. Moreover, pretreatment with L-NAME or Pen A attenuated the decrease in MAP in control and TRPV1-/- mice, and combined inhibition abolished the depressor response. In contrast, the markedly attenuated propofol-induced depressor response observed in TRPA1-/- and TRPAV-/- mice was unaffected by pre-treatment with Pen A or L-NAME when used either alone or in combination. Conclusion These data demonstrate for the first time that propofol-induced depressor responses in vivo are predominantly mediated by TRPA1 ion channels with no involvement of TRPV1 ion channels and includes activation of both NOS and BKCa channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pritam Sinharoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ian N. Bratz
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical College, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Derek S. Damron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Björnström K, Turina D, Strid T, Sundqvist T, Eintrei C. Orexin A inhibits propofol-induced neurite retraction by a phospholipase D/protein kinase Cε-dependent mechanism in neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97129. [PMID: 24828410 PMCID: PMC4020800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intravenous anaesthetic propofol retracts neurites and reverses the transport of vesicles in rat cortical neurons. Orexin A (OA) is an endogenous neuropeptide regulating wakefulness and may counterbalance anaesthesia. We aim to investigate if OA interacts with anaesthetics by inhibition of the propofol-induced neurite retraction. Methods In primary cortical cell cultures from newborn rats’ brains, live cell light microscopy was used to measure neurite retraction after propofol (2 µM) treatment with or without OA (10 nM) application. The intracellular signalling involved was tested using a protein kinase C (PKC) activator [phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)] and inhibitors of Rho-kinase (HA-1077), phospholipase D (PLD) [5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI)], PKC (staurosporine), and a PKCε translocation inhibitor peptide. Changes in PKCε Ser729 phosphorylation were detected with Western blot. Results The neurite retraction induced by propofol is blocked by Rho-kinase and PMA. OA blocks neurite retraction induced by propofol, and this inhibitory effect could be prevented by FIPI, staurosporine and PKCε translocation inhibitor peptide. OA increases via PLD and propofol decreases PKCε Ser729 phosphorylation, a crucial step in the activation of PKCε. Conclusions Rho-kinase is essential for propofol-induced neurite retraction in cortical neuronal cells. Activation of PKC inhibits neurite retraction caused by propofol. OA blocks propofol-induced neurite retraction by a PLD/PKCε-mediated pathway, and PKCε maybe the key enzyme where the wakefulness and anaesthesia signal pathways converge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Björnström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, division of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Östergötland County Council UHL, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Dean Turina
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, division of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Östergötland County Council UHL, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tobias Strid
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, division of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Sundqvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christina Eintrei
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, division of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Östergötland County Council UHL, Linköping, Sweden
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Ji W, Cui C, Zhang Z, Liang J. Paradoxic effects of propofol on visceral pain induced by various TRPV1 agonists. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1259-1263. [PMID: 23596498 PMCID: PMC3628225 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injection of propofol inhibits subsequent acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Propofol increases the sensitivity of dorsal root ganglion neurons to capsaicin through transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype-1 (TRPA1) and protein kinase Cε (PKCε)-mediated phosphorylation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype-1 (TRPV1). Intraperitoneal co-injection of propofol may increase visceral nociception induced by TRPV1 agonists via sensitization of TRPV1. Therefore, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal co-injection of propofol on nociception induced by acetic acid and capsaicin. The number of writhing movements induced by acetic acid or nociception time by capsaicin with or without propofol were counted. Neonatal capsaicin-treated mice were also used to demonstrate the role of TRPV1 in the effects of propofol on nociception, induced by TRPV1 agonists. Co-injection of propofol resulted in a pronociceptive effect on the writhing response induced by acetic acid, while the same dose of propofol ameliorated the response to capsaicin. The writhing response to intraperitoneal acetic acid was sharply inhibited following neonatal treatment with capsaicin. Co-injection with propofol reduced the number of writhing movements induced by acetic acid in neonatal capsaicin-treated mice. These results suggest that propofol binds to TRPV1 at the capsaicin-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Ji
- Postgraduate Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510015; ; Departments of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
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Takechi K, Carstens MI, Klein AH, Carstens E. The antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of topical propofol on dorsal horn neurons in the rat. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:932-8. [PMID: 23337417 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31827f560d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is an IV anesthetic used for general anesthesia. Recent evidence suggests that propofol-anesthetized patients experience less postoperative pain, and that propofol has analgesic properties when applied topically. We presently investigated the antinociceptive effects of topical propofol using behavioral and single-unit electrophysiological methods in rats. METHODS In behavioral experiments with rats, we assessed the effect of topical hindpaw application of propofol (1%-25%) on heat and mechanically evoked paw withdrawals. In electrophysiological experiments, we recorded from lumbar dorsal horn wide dynamic range (WDR)-type neurons in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. We assessed the effect of topical application of propofol to the ipsilateral hindpaw on neuronal responses elicited by noxious heat, cold, and mechanical stimuli. We additionally tested whether propofol blocks heat sensitization of paw withdrawals and WDR neuronal responses induced by topical application of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; mustard oil). RESULTS Topical application of propofol (1%-25%) significantly increased the mean latency of the thermally evoked hindpaw withdrawal reflex on the treated (but not opposite) side in a concentration-dependent manner, with no effect on mechanically evoked hindpaw withdrawal thresholds. Propofol also prevented shortening of paw withdrawal latency induced by AITC. In electrophysiological experiments, topical application of 10% and 25% propofol, but not 1% propofol or vehicle (10% intralipid), to the ipsilateral hindpaw significantly attenuated the magnitude of responses of WDR neurons to noxious heating of glabrous hindpaw skin with no significant change in thermal thresholds. Maximal suppression of noxious heat-evoked responses was achieved 15 minutes after application followed by recovery to the pre-propofol baseline by 30 minutes. Responses to skin cooling or graded mechanical stimuli were not significantly affected by any concentration of propofol. Topical application of AITC enhanced the noxious heat-evoked response of dorsal horn neurons. This enhancement of heat-evoked responses was attenuated when 10% propofol was applied topically after application of AITC. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that topical propofol inhibits responses of WDR neurons to noxious heat consistent with analgesia, and reduced AITC sensitization of WDR neurons consistent with an antihyperalgesic effect. These results are consistent with clinical studies demonstrating reduced postoperative pain in surgical patients anesthetized with propofol. The mechanism of analgesic action of topical propofol is not clear, but may involve desensitization of TRPV1 or TRPA1 receptors expressed in peripheral nociceptive nerve endings, engagement of endocannabinoids, or activation of peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Takechi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Ehime University Medical School, Matsuyama, Japan
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Propofol restores transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype-1 sensitivity via activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin receptor subtype-1 in sensory neurons. Anesthesiology 2011; 114:1169-79. [PMID: 21364461 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31820dee67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross talk between peripheral nociceptors belonging to the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype-1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin subtype-1 (TRPA1) family has been demonstrated recently. Moreover, the intravenous anesthetic propofol has directly activates TRPA1 receptors and indirectly restores sensitivity of TRPV1 receptors in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. Our objective was to determine the extent to which TRPA1 activation is involved in mediating the propofol-induced restoration of TRPV1 sensitivity. METHODS Mouse DRG neurons were isolated by enzymatic dissociation and grown for 24 h. F-11 cells were transfected with complementary DNA for both TRPV1 and TRPA1 or TRPV1 only. The intracellular Ca concentration was measured in individual cells via fluorescence microscopy. After TRPV1 desensitization with capsaicin (100 nM), cells were treated with propofol (1, 5, and 10 μM) alone or with propofol in the presence of the TRPA1 antagonist, HC-030031 (0.5 μM), or the TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; 100 μM); capsaicin was then reapplied. RESULTS In DRG neurons that contain both TRPV1 and TRPA1, propofol and AITC restored TRPV1 sensitivity. However, in DRG neurons containing only TRPV1 receptors, exposure to propofol or AITC after desensitization did not restore capsaicin-induced TRPV1 sensitivity. Similarly, in F-11 cells transfected with both TRPV1 and TRPA1, propofol and AITC restored TRPV1 sensitivity. However, in F-11 cells transfected with TRPV1 only, neither propofol nor AITC was capable of restoring TRPV1 sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that propofol restores TRPV1 sensitivity in primary DRG neurons and in cultured F-11 cells transfected with both the TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors via a TRPA1-dependent process. Propofol's effects on sensory neurons may be clinically important and may contribute to peripheral sensitization to nociceptive stimuli in traumatized tissue.
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