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Fettiplace MR, Vincent KF, Cho A, Dillon E, Stapley BM, Stewart V, Solt K. Dopaminergic psychostimulants cause arousal from isoflurane-induced sedation without reversing memory impairment in rats. Br J Anaesth 2024; 133:793-803. [PMID: 38965013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic psychostimulants can restore arousal in anaesthetised animals, and dopaminergic signalling contributes to hippocampal-dependent memory formation. We tested the hypothesis that dopaminergic psychostimulants can antagonise the amnestic effects of isoflurane on visuospatial working memory. METHODS Sixteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on a trial-unique nonmatching-to-location (TUNL) task which assessed the ability to identify a novel touchscreen location after a fixed delay. Once trained, the effects of low-dose isoflurane (0.3 vol%) on task performance and activity, assessed by infrared beam breaks, were assessed. We attempted to rescue deficits in performance and activity with a dopamine D1 receptor agonist (chloro-APB), a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine), and a mixed dopamine/norepinephrine releasing agent (dextroamphetamine). Anaesthetic induction, emergence, and recovery from anaesthesia were also investigated. RESULTS Low-dose isoflurane impaired working memory in a sex-independent and intra-trial delay-independent manner as assessed by task performance, and caused an overall reduction in activity. Administration of chloro-APB, atomoxetine, or dextroamphetamine did not restore visuospatial working memory, but chloro-APB and dextroamphetamine recovered arousal to levels observed in the baseline awake state. Performance did not differ between induction and emergence. Animals recovered to baseline performance within 15 min of discontinuing isoflurane. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose isoflurane impairs visuospatial working memory in a nondurable and delay-independent manner that potentially implicates non-hippocampal structures in isoflurane-induced memory deficits. Dopaminergic psychostimulants counteracted sedation but did not reverse memory impairments, suggesting that isoflurane-induced amnesia and isoflurane-induced sedation have distinct underlying mechanisms that can be antagonised independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Fettiplace
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kathleen F Vincent
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angel Cho
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmaline Dillon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Brendan M Stapley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Victoria Stewart
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ken Solt
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Király B, Domonkos A, Jelitai M, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Martínez-Bellver S, Kocsis B, Schlingloff D, Joshi A, Salib M, Fiáth R, Barthó P, Ulbert I, Freund TF, Viney TJ, Dupret D, Varga V, Hangya B. The medial septum controls hippocampal supra-theta oscillations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6159. [PMID: 37816713 PMCID: PMC10564782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta oscillations orchestrate faster beta-to-gamma oscillations facilitating the segmentation of neural representations during navigation and episodic memory. Supra-theta rhythms of hippocampal CA1 are coordinated by local interactions as well as inputs from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and CA3 inputs. However, theta-nested gamma-band activity in the medial septum (MS) suggests that the MS may control supra-theta CA1 oscillations. To address this, we performed multi-electrode recordings of MS and CA1 activity in rodents and found that MS neuron firing showed strong phase-coupling to theta-nested supra-theta episodes and predicted changes in CA1 beta-to-gamma oscillations on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Unique coupling patterns of anatomically defined MS cell types suggested that indirect MS-to-CA1 pathways via the EC and CA3 mediate distinct CA1 gamma-band oscillations. Optogenetic activation of MS parvalbumin-expressing neurons elicited theta-nested beta-to-gamma oscillations in CA1. Thus, the MS orchestrates hippocampal network activity at multiple temporal scales to mediate memory encoding and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Király
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andor Domonkos
- Subcortical Modulation Research Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Jelitai
- Subcortical Modulation Research Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Martínez-Bellver
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Barnabás Kocsis
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Schlingloff
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abhilasha Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Minas Salib
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Barthó
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás F Freund
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tim J Viney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Viktor Varga
- Subcortical Modulation Research Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hangya
- Lendület Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Kameyama A, Asai H, Nomoto M, Ohno S, Ghandour K, Ohkawa N, Saitoh Y, Yamazaki M, Inokuchi K. Sevoflurane-induced amnesia is associated with inhibition of hippocampal cell ensemble activity after learning. Biol Open 2022; 11:286145. [PMID: 36541652 PMCID: PMC9793868 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia could induce amnesia, however the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that suppression of neuronal ensemble activity in the hippocampus by anesthesia during the post-learning period causes retrograde amnesia. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were conducted with sevoflurane anesthesia (2.5%, 30 min): a hippocampus-dependent memory task, the context pre-exposure facilitation effect (CPFE) procedure to measure memory function and in vivo calcium imaging to observe neural activity in hippocampal CA1 during context exploration and sevoflurane/home cage session. Sevoflurane treatment just after context pre-exposure session impaired the CPFE memory, suggesting sevoflurane induced retrograde amnesia. Calcium imaging showed sevoflurane treatment prevented neuronal activity in CA1. Further analysis of neuronal activity with non-negative matrix factorization, which extracts neural ensemble activity based on synchronous activity, showed that sevoflurane treatment reduced the reactivation of neuronal ensembles between during context exploration just before and one day after sevoflurane inhalation. These results suggest that sevoflurane treatment immediately after learning induces amnesia, resulting from suppression of reactivation of neuronal ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Kameyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asai
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Authors for correspondence (, )
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ohno
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Khaled Ghandour
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Noriaki Ohkawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan,Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshito Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama 332-0012, Japan,Division for Memory and Cognitive Function, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan,Authors for correspondence (, )
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4
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Williams RA, Johnson KW, Lee FS, Hemmings HC, Platholi J. A Common Human Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Polymorphism Leads to Prolonged Depression of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission by Isoflurane in Hippocampal Cultures. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:927149. [PMID: 35813074 PMCID: PMC9260310 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.927149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple presynaptic and postsynaptic targets have been identified for the reversible neurophysiological effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. However, the synaptic mechanisms involved in persistent depression of synaptic transmission resulting in more prolonged neurological dysfunction following anesthesia are less clear. Here, we show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a growth factor implicated in synaptic plasticity and dysfunction, enhances glutamate synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and that attenuation of vesicular BDNF release by isoflurane contributes to transient depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in mice. This reduction in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by isoflurane was acutely irreversible in neurons that release less endogenous BDNF due to a polymorphism (BDNF Val66Met; rs6265) compared to neurons from wild-type mice. These effects were prevented by exogenous application of BDNF. Our findings identify a role for a common human BDNF single nucleotide polymorphism in persistent changes of synaptic function following isoflurane exposure. These short-term persistent alterations in excitatory synaptic transmission indicate a role for human genetic variation in anesthetic effects on synaptic plasticity and neurocognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A. Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francis S. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hugh C. Hemmings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jimcy Platholi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jimcy Platholi,
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5
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Han L, Zhao S, Xu F, Wang Y, Zhou R, Huang S, Ding Y, Deng D, Mao W, Chen X. Sevoflurane Increases Hippocampal Theta Oscillations and Impairs Memory Via TASK-3 Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:728300. [PMID: 34776954 PMCID: PMC8581481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.728300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane can induce memory impairment during clinical anesthesia; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. TASK-3 channels are one of the potential targets of sevoflurane. Accumulating evidence supports a negative role of intracranial theta rhythms (4–12 Hz) in memory formation. Here, we investigated whether TASK-3 channels contribute to sevoflurane-induced memory impairment by regulating hippocampal theta rhythms. In this study, the memory performance of mice was tested by contextual fear conditioning and inhibitory avoidance experiments. The hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from chronically implanted electrodes located in CA3 region. The results showed that sevoflurane concentration-dependently impaired the memory function of mice, as evidenced by the decreased time mice spent on freezing and reduced latencies for mice to enter the shock compartment. Our electrophysiological results revealed that sevoflurane also enhanced the spectral power of hippocampal LFPs (1–30 Hz), particularly in memory-related theta rhythms (4–12 Hz). These effects were mitigated by viral-mediated knockdown of TASK-3 channels in the hippocampal CA3 region. The knockdown of hippocampal TASK-3 channels significantly reduced the enhancing effect of sevoflurane on hippocampal theta rhythms and alleviated sevoflurane-induced memory impairment. Our data indicate that sevoflurane can increase hippocampal theta oscillations and impair memory function via TASK-3 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruihui Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weike Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Linassi F, Obert DP, Maran E, Tellaroli P, Kreuzer M, Sanders RD, Carron M. Implicit Memory and Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:850. [PMID: 34440594 PMCID: PMC8400596 DOI: 10.3390/life11080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia should induce unconsciousness and provide amnesia. Amnesia refers to the absence of explicit and implicit memories. Unlike explicit memory, implicit memory is not consciously recalled, and it can affect behavior/performance at a later time. The impact of general anesthesia in preventing implicit memory formation is not well-established. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies reporting implicit memory occurrence in adult patients after deep sedation (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation of 0-1 with spontaneous breathing) or general anesthesia. We also evaluated the impact of different anesthetic/analgesic regimens and the time point of auditory task delivery on implicit memory formation. The meta-analysis included the estimation of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We included a total of 61 studies with 3906 patients and 119 different cohorts. For 43 cohorts (36.1%), implicit memory events were reported. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III-IV was associated with a higher likelihood of implicit memory formation (OR:3.48; 95%CI:1.18-10.25, p < 0.05) than ASA physical status I-II. Further, there was a lower likelihood of implicit memory formation for deep sedation cases, compared to general anesthesia (OR:0.10; 95%CI:0.01-0.76, p < 0.05) and for patients receiving premedication with benzodiazepines compared to not premedicated patients before general anesthesia (OR:0.35; 95%CI:0.13-0.93, p = 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Linassi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ca’ Foncello Treviso Regional Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - David Peter Obert
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Muenchen, Germany; (D.P.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Eleonora Maran
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ca’ Foncello Treviso Regional Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Paola Tellaroli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Matthias Kreuzer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Muenchen, Germany; (D.P.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Robert David Sanders
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Michele Carron
- Department of Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Padova, Via C. Battisti 267, 35121 Padova, Italy;
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7
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Platholi J, Hemmings HC. Effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission and plasticity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:27-54. [PMID: 34344292 PMCID: PMC9199550 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210803105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics depress excitatory and/or enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission principally by modulating the function of glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses, respectively, with relative anesthetic agent-specific mechanisms. Synaptic signaling proteins, including ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, are targeted by general anesthetics to modulate various synaptic mechanisms, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic receptor signaling, and dendritic spine dynamics to produce their characteristic acute neurophysiological effects. As synaptic structure and plasticity mediate higher-order functions such as learning and memory, long-term synaptic dysfunction following anesthesia may lead to undesirable neurocognitive consequences depending on the specific anesthetic agent and the vulnerability of the population. Here we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of transient and persistent general anesthetic alterations of synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
| | - Hugh C Hemmings
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
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8
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Isoflurane Suppresses Hippocampal High-frequency Ripples by Differentially Modulating Pyramidal Neurons and Interneurons in Mice. Anesthesiology 2021; 135:122-135. [PMID: 33951177 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane can induce anterograde amnesia. Hippocampal ripples are high-frequency oscillatory events occurring in the local field potentials of cornu ammonis 1 involved in memory processes. The authors hypothesized that isoflurane suppresses hippocampal ripples at a subanesthetic concentration by modulating the excitability of cornu ammonis 1 neurons. METHODS The potencies of isoflurane for memory impairment and anesthesia were measured in mice. Hippocampal ripples were measured by placing recording electrodes in the cornu ammonis 1. Effects of isoflurane on the excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and interneurons were measured. A simulation model of ripples based on the firing frequency of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 neurons was used to validate the effects of isoflurane on neuronal excitability in vitro and on ripples in vivo. RESULTS Isoflurane at 0.5%, which did not induce loss of righting reflex, impaired hippocampus-dependent fear memory by 97.4 ± 3.1% (mean ± SD; n = 14; P < 0.001). Isoflurane at 0.5% reduced ripple amplitude (38 ± 13 vs. 42 ± 13 μV; n = 9; P = 0.003), rate (462 ± 66 vs. 538 ± 81 spikes/min; n = 9; P = 0.002) and duration (36 ± 5 vs. 48 ± 9 ms; n = 9; P < 0.001) and increased the interarrival time (78 ± 7 vs. 69 ± 6 ms; n = 9; P < 0.001) and frequency (148.2 ± 3.9 vs. 145.0 ± 2.9 Hz; n = 9; P = 0.001). Isoflurane at the same concentration depressed action potential frequency in fast-spiking interneurons while slightly enhancing action potential frequency in cornu ammonis 1 pyramidal neurons. The simulated effects of isoflurane on hippocampal ripples were comparable to recordings in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The authors' results suggest that a subanesthetic concentration of isoflurane can suppress hippocampal ripples by differentially modulating the excitability of pyramidal neurons and interneurons, which may contribute to its amnestic action. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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9
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Kreuzer M, Butovas S, García PS, Schneider G, Schwarz C, Rudolph U, Antkowiak B, Drexler B. Propofol Affects Cortico-Hippocampal Interactions via β3 Subunit-Containing GABA A Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165844. [PMID: 32823959 PMCID: PMC7461501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthetics depress neuronal activity. The depression and uncoupling of cortico-hippocampal activity may contribute to anesthetic-induced amnesia. However, the molecular targets involved in this process are not fully characterized. GABAA receptors, especially the type with β3 subunits, represent a main molecular target of propofol. We therefore hypothesized that GABAA receptors with β3 subunits mediate the propofol-induced disturbance of cortico-hippocampal interactions. METHODS We used local field potential (LFP) recordings from chronically implanted cortical and hippocampal electrodes in wild-type and β3(N265M) knock-in mice. In the β3(N265M) mice, the action of propofol via β3subunit containing GABAA receptors is strongly attenuated. The analytical approach contained spectral power, phase locking, and mutual information analyses in the 2-16 Hz range to investigate propofol-induced effects on cortico-hippocampal interactions. RESULTS Propofol caused a significant increase in spectral power between 14 and 16 Hz in the cortex and hippocampus of wild-type mice. This increase was absent in the β3(N265M) mutant. Propofol strongly decreased phase locking of 6-12 Hz oscillations in wild-type mice. This decrease was attenuated in the β3(N265M) mutant. Finally, propofol reduced the mutual information between 6-16 Hz in wild-type mice, but only between 6 and 8 Hz in the β3(N265M) mutant. CONCLUSIONS GABAA receptors containing β3 subunits contribute to frequency-specific perturbation of cortico-hippocampal interactions. This likely explains some of the amnestic actions of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kreuzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany; (M.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Sergejus Butovas
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-University, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Paul S García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroanesthesia Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street, New York City, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany; (M.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Cornelius Schwarz
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-University, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802-6178, USA;
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illiniois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bernd Antkowiak
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Experimental Anaesthesiology Section, Eberhard-Karls-University, Waldhörnlestrasse 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Berthold Drexler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Experimental Anaesthesiology Section, Eberhard-Karls-University, Waldhörnlestrasse 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Joksimovic SM, Izumi Y, Joksimovic SL, Tesic V, Krishnan K, Asnake B, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Covey DF, Zorumski CF, Todorovic SM. Novel neurosteroid hypnotic blocks T-type calcium channel-dependent rebound burst firing and suppresses long-term potentiation in the rat subiculum. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:643-651. [PMID: 30916017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypnotics and general anaesthetics impair memory by altering hippocampal synaptic plasticity. We recently reported on a neurosteroid analogue with potent hypnotic activity [(3β,5β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile; 3β-OH], which does not cause developmental neurotoxicity in rat pups. Here, we investigated the effects of 3β-OH on neuronal excitability in the subiculum, the major output structure of the hippocampal formation, and synaptic plasticity at two key hippocampal synapses in juvenile rats. METHODS Biophysical properties of isolated T-type calcium currents (T-currents) in the rat subiculum were investigated using acute slice preparations. Subicular T-type calcium channel (T-channel) subtype mRNA expression was compared using qRT-PCR. Using electrophysiological recordings, we examined the effects of 3β-OH and an endogenous neuroactive steroid, allopregnanolone (Allo), on T-currents and burst firing properties of subicular neurones, and on the long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA3-CA1 and CA1-subiculum pathways. RESULTS Biophysical and molecular studies confirmed that CaV3.1 channels represent the dominant T-channel isoform in the subiculum of juvenile rats. 3β-OH and Allo inhibited rebound burst firing by decreasing the amplitude of T-currents in a voltage-dependent manner with similar potency, with 30-80% inhibition. Both neurosteroids suppressed LTP at the CA1-subiculum, but not at the CA3-CA1 Schaffer collateral synapse. CONCLUSIONS Neurosteroid effects on T-channels modulate hippocampal output and provide possible molecular mechanisms for the amnestic action of the novel hypnotic 3β-OH. Effects on T-channels in the subiculum provide a novel target for amnestic effects of hypnotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan M Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonja Lj Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathiresan Krishnan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Betelehem Asnake
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Douglas F Covey
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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Lévesque M, Avoli M. Carbachol-Induced theta-like oscillations in the rodent brain limbic system: Underlying mechanisms and significance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:406-420. [PMID: 30381251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) represent one of the most prominent physiological oscillatory activity in the mammalian EEG. They are observed in several areas of the hippocampus and in parahippocampal structures. Theta oscillations play important roles in modulating synaptic plasticity during memory and learning; moreover, they are dependent on septal cholinergic inputs. Theta oscillations can be reproduced in vitro in several regions of the temporal lobe in the absence of the septum by employing the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh). Here, we review the mechanisms underlying CCh-induced theta oscillations. We address: (i) the ability of temporal lobe neuronal networks to oscillate independently at theta frequency during CCh treatment; (ii) the contribution of intrinsic ionic currents; (iii) the participation of principal cells and interneurons; and (iv) their pharmacological profiles. We also discuss the similarities between CCh-induced theta oscillations and physiological type II theta activity, as well as their roles in synaptic plasticity. Finally, we consider experimental evidence pointing to the contribution of spontaneous and CCh-induced theta activity to epileptiform synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lévesque
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, and of Physiology, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, PQ, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Massimo Avoli
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, and of Physiology, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, PQ, H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Samuel N, Taub A, Paz R, Raz A. Implicit aversive memory under anaesthesia in animal models: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:219-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous studies showed that synaptic transmission is affected by general anesthetics, but an anesthetic dose response in freely moving animals has not been done. The hippocampus provides a neural network for the evaluation of isoflurane and pentobarbital on multisynaptic transmission that is relevant to memory function.
Methods
Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with multichannel and single electrodes in the hippocampus. Spontaneous local field potentials and evoked field potentials were recorded in freely behaving rats before (baseline) and after various doses of isoflurane (0.25 to 1.5%) and sodium pentobarbital (10 mg/kg intraperitoneal).
Results
Monosynaptic population excitatory postsynaptic potentials at the basal and apical dendrites of CA1 were significantly decreased at greater than or equal to 0.25% (n = 4) and greater than or equal to 1.0% (n = 6) isoflurane, respectively. The perforant path evoked multisynaptic response at CA1 was decreased by ~50% at greater than or equal to 0.25% isoflurane (n = 5). A decreased population excitatory postsynaptic potential was accompanied by increased paired-pulse facilitation. Population spike amplitude in relation to apical dendritic population excitatory postsynaptic potential was not significantly altered by isoflurane. Spontaneous hippocampal local field potential at 0.8 to 300 Hz was dose-dependently suppressed by isoflurane (n = 6), with local field potential power in the 50- to 150-Hz band showing the highest decrease with isoflurane dose, commensurate with the decrease in trisynaptic CA1 response. Low-dose pentobarbital (n = 7) administration decreased the perforant path evoked trisynaptic CA1 response and hippocampal local field potentials at 78 to 125 Hz.
Conclusions
Hippocampal networks are sensitive to low doses of isoflurane and pentobarbital, possibly through both glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated transmission. Network disruption could help explain the impairment of hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions with low-dose anesthetic.
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14
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Low-frequency hippocampal-cortical activity drives brain-wide resting-state functional MRI connectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6972-E6981. [PMID: 28760982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703309114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, including the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), and cortex engage in bidirectional communication. We propose that low-frequency activity in hippocampal-cortical pathways contributes to brain-wide resting-state connectivity to integrate sensory information. Using optogenetic stimulation and brain-wide fMRI and resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI), we determined the large-scale effects of spatiotemporal-specific downstream propagation of hippocampal activity. Low-frequency (1 Hz), but not high-frequency (40 Hz), stimulation of dDG excitatory neurons evoked robust cortical and subcortical brain-wide fMRI responses. More importantly, it enhanced interhemispheric rsfMRI connectivity in various cortices and hippocampus. Subsequent local field potential recordings revealed an increase in slow oscillations in dorsal hippocampus and visual cortex, interhemispheric visual cortical connectivity, and hippocampal-cortical connectivity. Meanwhile, pharmacological inactivation of dDG neurons decreased interhemispheric rsfMRI connectivity. Functionally, visually evoked fMRI responses in visual regions also increased during and after low-frequency dDG stimulation. Together, our results indicate that low-frequency activity robustly propagates in the dorsal hippocampal-cortical pathway, drives interhemispheric cortical rsfMRI connectivity, and mediates visual processing.
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15
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Yin YQ, Wang LF, Chen C, Gao T, Zhao ZF, Li CH. In vivo field recordings effectively monitor the mouse cortex and hippocampus under isoflurane anesthesia. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1951-1955. [PMID: 28197191 PMCID: PMC5270433 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane is a widely used inhaled anesthetic in the clinical setting. However, the mechanism underlying its effect on consciousness is under discussion. Therefore, we investigated the effect of isoflurane on the hippocampus and cortex using an in vivo field recording approach. Our results showed that 1.3%, 0.8%, and 0.4% isoflurane exerted an inhibitory influence on the mouse hippocampus and cortex. Further, high frequency bands in the cortex and hippocampus showed greater suppression with increasing isoflurane concentration. Our findings suggest that in vivo field recordings can monitor the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on the mouse cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-qing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-fang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-fang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Calvo Vecino JM, Bergese S, Casans Francés R. Consciousness versus memory and intraoperative pain. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2016; 63:433-437. [PMID: 27568286 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Calvo Vecino
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - S Bergese
- Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Estados Unidos de América
| | - R Casans Francés
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
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17
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Ciproxifan, an H3 receptor antagonist, improves short-term recognition memory impaired by isoflurane anesthesia. J Anesth 2016; 30:684-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-016-2189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Xu X, Zhang Q, Tian X, Wang G. Sevoflurane anesthesia induces neither contextual fear memory impairment nor alterations in local population connectivity of medial prefrontal cortex local field potentials networks in aged rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:338-46. [PMID: 26946081 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane has been found to increase apoptosis and pathologic markers associated with Alzheimer disease, provoking concern over their potential contribution to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effects of sevoflurane on contextual fear memory of aged rats and to characterize local population connectivity of local field potentials (LFPs) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of aged rats during contextual fear memory. Eighteen-month-old male SD rats were implanted with one multichannel electrode array in mPFC. The aged rats were divided into control group, sevoflurane group (1 MAC sevoflurane for 2 h) and surgical group with 1.0 MAC sevoflurane for 2 h. We then assessed the effect of the anesthesia on contextual fear memory, and alterations in the local population connectivity of mPFC LFP networks by partial directed coherence (PDC). Surgery impaired contextual fear memory and reduced local population connectivity of mPFC LFP networks in aged rats at day 1 after the surgery and anesthesia. 1 MAC Sevoflurane anesthesia induced neither contextual fear memory impairment nor alterations in local population connectivity of mPFC LFP networks in aged rats when tested 1, 7, 15 and 30 days after exposure (P > 0.05). PDC values of theta band mPFC LFPs became strongly increased during contextual fear memory at 1, 7, 15, and 30 days after anesthesia. Our results suggest that 1 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia does not induce contextual fear memory impairment in aged rats and suggest that the increased local population connectivity in theta bands LFPs of mPFC plays a role in contextual fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and obstetrics, 156 San Ma Road, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, 154 An Shan Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
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19
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Veselis RA. What about β? Relationship between pain and EEG spindles during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115 Suppl 1:i3-i5. [PMID: 26174298 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R A Veselis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065-6007, USA Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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20
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Pryor KO, Root JC, Mehta M, Stern E, Pan H, Veselis RA, Silbersweig DA. Effect of propofol on the medial temporal lobe emotional memory system: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115 Suppl 1:i104-i113. [PMID: 26174294 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical doses of propofol produce anterograde amnesia, characterized by an early failure of memory consolidation. It is unknown how propofol affects the amygdala-dependent emotional memory system, which modulates consolidation in the hippocampus in response to emotional arousal and neurohumoral stress. We present an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of propofol on the emotional memory system in human subjects. METHODS Thirty-five healthy subjects were randomized to receive propofol, at an estimated brain concentration of 0.90 μg ml(-1), or placebo. During drug infusion, emotionally arousing and neutral images were presented in a continuous recognition task, while blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation responses were acquired. After a drug-free interval of 2 h, subsequent memory for successfully encoded items was assessed. Imaging analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping and behavioural analysis using signal detection models. RESULTS Propofol had no effect on the stereotypical amygdalar response to emotional arousal, but caused marked suppression of the hippocampal response. Propofol caused memory performance to become uncoupled from amygdalar activation, but it remained correlated with activation in the posterior hippocampus, which decreased in proportion to amnesia. CONCLUSIONS Propofol is relatively ineffective at suppressing amygdalar activation at sedative doses, but abolishes emotional modulation and causes amnesia via mechanisms that commonly involve hyporesponsiveness of the hippocampus. These findings raise the possibility that amygdala-dependent fear systems may remain intact even when a patient has diminished memory of events. This may be of clinical importance in the perioperative development of fear-based psychopathologies, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00504894.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Pryor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J C Root
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - E Stern
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 824 Boylston Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - H Pan
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 824 Boylston Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - R A Veselis
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - D A Silbersweig
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 824 Boylston Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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21
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Lustig B, Wang Y, Pastalkova E. Oscillatory patterns in hippocampus under light and deep isoflurane anesthesia closely mirror prominent brain states in awake animals. Hippocampus 2015; 26:102-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lustig
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Chicago; Illinois
- Janelia Research Campus; Ashburn Virginia
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22
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The 9th International Symposium on Memory and Awareness in Anesthesia (MAA9). Br J Anaesth 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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MacIver MB, Bland BH. Chaos analysis of EEG during isoflurane-induced loss of righting in rats. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:203. [PMID: 25360091 PMCID: PMC4199270 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that electroencephalogram (EEG) signals generate chaotic strange attractors and the shape of these attractors correlate with depth of anesthesia. We applied chaos analysis to frontal cortical and hippocampal micro-EEG signals from implanted microelectrodes (layer 4 and CA1, respectively). Rats were taken to and from loss of righting reflex (LORR) with isoflurane and behavioral measures were compared to attractor shape. Resting EEG signals at LORR differed markedly from awake signals, more similar to slow wave sleep signals, and easily discerned in raw recordings (high amplitude slow waves), and in fast Fourier transform analysis (FFT; increased delta power), in good agreement with previous studies. EEG activation stimulated by turning rats on their side, to test righting, produced signals quite similar to awake resting state EEG signals. That is, the high amplitude slow wave activity changed to low amplitude fast activity that lasted for several seconds, before returning to slow wave activity. This occurred regardless of whether the rat was able to right itself, or not. Testing paw pinch and tail clamp responses produced similar EEG activations, even from deep anesthesia when burst suppression dominated the spontaneous EEG. Chaotic attractor shape was far better at discerning between these awake-like signals, at loss of responses, than was FFT analysis. Comparisons are provided between FFT and chaos analysis of EEG during awake walking, slow wave sleep, and isoflurane-induced effects at several depths of anesthesia. Attractors readily discriminated between natural sleep and isoflurane-induced “delta” activity. Chaotic attractor shapes changed gradually through the transition from awake to LORR, indicating that this was not an on/off like transition, but rather a point along a continuum of brain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B MacIver
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian H Bland
- Department of Psychology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Raz A, Grady SM, Krause BM, Uhlrich DJ, Manning KA, Banks MI. Preferential effect of isoflurane on top-down vs. bottom-up pathways in sensory cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:191. [PMID: 25339873 PMCID: PMC4188029 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of loss of consciousness (LOC) under anesthesia is unknown. Because consciousness depends on activity in the cortico-thalamic network, anesthetic actions on this network are likely critical for LOC. Competing theories stress the importance of anesthetic actions on bottom-up “core” thalamo-cortical (TC) vs. top-down cortico-cortical (CC) and matrix TC connections. We tested these models using laminar recordings in rat auditory cortex in vivo and murine brain slices. We selectively activated bottom-up vs. top-down afferent pathways using sensory stimuli in vivo and electrical stimulation in brain slices, and compared effects of isoflurane on responses evoked via the two pathways. Auditory stimuli in vivo and core TC afferent stimulation in brain slices evoked short latency current sinks in middle layers, consistent with activation of core TC afferents. By contrast, visual stimuli in vivo and stimulation of CC and matrix TC afferents in brain slices evoked responses mainly in superficial and deep layers, consistent with projection patterns of top-down afferents that carry visual information to auditory cortex. Responses to auditory stimuli in vivo and core TC afferents in brain slices were significantly less affected by isoflurane compared to responses triggered by visual stimuli in vivo and CC/matrix TC afferents in slices. At a just-hypnotic dose in vivo, auditory responses were enhanced by isoflurane, whereas visual responses were dramatically reduced. At a comparable concentration in slices, isoflurane suppressed both core TC and CC/matrix TC responses, but the effect on the latter responses was far greater than on core TC responses, indicating that at least part of the differential effects observed in vivo were due to local actions of isoflurane in auditory cortex. These data support a model in which disruption of top-down connectivity contributes to anesthesia-induced LOC, and have implications for understanding the neural basis of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeyal Raz
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel, Affiliated with Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sean M Grady
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryan M Krause
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel J Uhlrich
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karen A Manning
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew I Banks
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
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25
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Meloni EG, Gillis TE, Manoukian J, Kaufman MJ. Xenon impairs reconsolidation of fear memories in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106189. [PMID: 25162644 PMCID: PMC4146606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenon (Xe) is a noble gas that has been developed for use in people as an inhalational anesthestic and a diagnostic imaging agent. Xe inhibits glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors involved in learning and memory and can affect synaptic plasticity in the amygdala and hippocampus, two brain areas known to play a role in fear conditioning models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because glutamate receptors also have been shown to play a role in fear memory reconsolidation--a state in which recalled memories become susceptible to modification--we examined whether Xe administered after fear memory reactivation could affect subsequent expression of fear-like behavior (freezing) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained for contextual and cued fear conditioning and the effects of inhaled Xe (25%, 1 hr) on fear memory reconsolidation were tested using conditioned freezing measured days or weeks after reactivation/Xe administration. Xe administration immediately after fear memory reactivation significantly reduced conditioned freezing when tested 48 h, 96 h or 18 d after reactivation/Xe administration. Xe did not affect freezing when treatment was delayed until 2 h after reactivation or when administered in the absence of fear memory reactivation. These data suggest that Xe substantially and persistently inhibits memory reconsolidation in a reactivation and time-dependent manner, that it could be used as a new research tool to characterize reconsolidation and other memory processes, and that it could be developed to treat people with PTSD and other disorders related to emotional memory.
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MESH Headings
- Amygdala/drug effects
- Animals
- Conditioning, Classical/drug effects
- Conditioning, Classical/physiology
- Cues
- Disease Models, Animal
- Emotions/physiology
- Extinction, Psychological/drug effects
- Fear/drug effects
- Fear/psychology
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/drug effects
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/physiology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Male
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
- Tranquilizing Agents/pharmacology
- Xenon/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G. Meloni
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Gillis
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Manoukian
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marc J. Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Leung LS, Luo T, Ma J, Herrick I. Brain areas that influence general anesthesia. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 122:24-44. [PMID: 25172271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This document reviews the literature on local brain manipulation of general anesthesia in animals, focusing on behavioral and electrographic effects related to hypnosis or loss of consciousness. Local inactivation or lesion of wake-active areas, such as locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, perifornical area, tuberomammillary nucleus, ventral tegmental area and basal forebrain, enhanced general anesthesia. Anesthesia enhancement was shown as a delayed emergence (recovery of righting reflex) from anesthesia or a decrease in the minimal alveolar concentration that induced loss of righting. Local activation of various wake-active areas, including pontis oralis and centromedial thalamus, promoted behavioral or electrographic arousal during maintained anesthesia and facilitated emergence. Lesion of the sleep-active ventrolateral preoptic area resulted in increased wakefulness and decreased isoflurane sensitivity, but only for 6 days after lesion. Inactivation of any structure within limbic circuits involving the medial septum, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area, amygdala, entorhinal and piriform cortex delayed emergence from anesthesia, and often reduced anesthetic-induced behavioral excitation. In summary, the concept that anesthesia works on the sleep-wake system has received strong support from studies that inactivated/lesioned or activated wake-active areas, and weak support from studies that lesioned sleep-active areas. In addition to the conventional wake-sleep areas, limbic structures such as the medial septum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are also involved in the behavioral response to general anesthesia. We suggest that hypnosis during general anesthesia may result from disrupting the wake-active neuronal activities in multiple areas and suppressing an atropine-resistant cortical activation associated with movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1.
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University, Shenzhen Hospital, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Ian Herrick
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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Lim MM, Elkind J, Xiong G, Galante R, Zhu J, Zhang L, Lian J, Rodin J, Kuzma NN, Pack AI, Cohen AS. Dietary therapy mitigates persistent wake deficits caused by mild traumatic brain injury. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:215ra173. [PMID: 24337480 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can significantly impair cognitive rehabilitation. No proven therapies exist to mitigate the neurocognitive consequences of TBI. We show that mild brain injury in mice causes a persistent inability to maintain wakefulness and decreases orexin neuron activation during wakefulness. We gave mice a dietary supplement of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), precursors for de novo glutamate synthesis in the brain. BCAA therapy reinstated activation of orexin neurons and improved wake deficits in mice with mild brain injury. Our data suggest that dietary BCAA intervention, acting in part through orexin, can ameliorate injury-induced sleep disturbances and may facilitate cognitive rehabilitation after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Lim
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Platholi J, Herold KF, Hemmings HC, Halpain S. Isoflurane reversibly destabilizes hippocampal dendritic spines by an actin-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102978. [PMID: 25068870 PMCID: PMC4113311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics produce a reversible coma-like state through modulation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Recent evidence suggests that anesthetic exposure can also lead to sustained cognitive dysfunction. However, the subcellular effects of anesthetics on the structure of established synapses are not known. We investigated effects of the widely used volatile anesthetic isoflurane on the structural stability of hippocampal dendritic spines, a postsynaptic structure critical to excitatory synaptic transmission in learning and memory. Exposure to clinical concentrations of isoflurane induced rapid and non-uniform shrinkage and loss of dendritic spines in mature cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Spine shrinkage was associated with a reduction in spine F-actin concentration. Spine loss was prevented by either jasplakinolide or cytochalasin D, drugs that prevent F-actin disassembly. Isoflurane-induced spine shrinkage and loss were reversible upon isoflurane elimination. Thus, isoflurane destabilizes spine F-actin, resulting in changes to dendritic spine morphology and number. These findings support an actin-based mechanism for isoflurane-induced alterations of synaptic structure in the hippocampus. These reversible alterations in dendritic spine structure have important implications for acute anesthetic effects on excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic stability in the hippocampus, a locus for anesthetic-induced amnesia, and have important implications for anesthetic effects on synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karl F. Herold
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hugh C. Hemmings
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SH); (HCH)
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SH); (HCH)
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Dementia and sensitivity to anesthetics. Can J Anaesth 2014; 61:599-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-014-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mashour GA, Avidan MS. Pharmacologic approaches to the prevention of intraoperative awareness. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:611-3. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Leung LS, Ma J, Shen B, Nachim I, Luo T. Medial septal lesion enhances general anesthesia response. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:419-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of a low dose of dexmedetomidine that impairs long-term memory. Anesthesiology 2013; 117:981-95. [PMID: 22929730 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31826be467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work suggests the amnesia from dexmedetomidine (an α2-adrenergic agonist) is caused by a failure of information to be encoded into long-term memory and that dexmedetomidine might differentially affect memory for emotionally arousing material. We investigated these issues in humans using event-related neuroimaging to reveal alterations in brain activity and subsequent memory effects associated with drug exposure. METHODS Forty-eight healthy volunteers received a computer-controlled infusion of either placebo or low-dose dexmedetomidine (target = 0.15 ng/ml plasma) during neuroimaging while they viewed and rated 80 emotionally arousing (e.g., graphic war wound) and 80 nonarousing neutral (e.g., cup) pictures for emotional arousal content. Long-term picture memory was tested 4 days later without neuroimaging. Imaging data were analyzed for drug effects, emotional processing differences, and memory-related changes with statistical parametric mapping-8. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine impaired overall (mean ± SEM) picture memory (placebo: 0.58 ± 0.03 vs. dexmedetomidine: 0.45 ± 0.03, P = 0.001), but did not differentially modulate memory as a function of item arousal. Arousing pictures were better remembered for both groups. Dexmedetomidine had regionally heterogeneous effects on brain activity, primarily decreasing it in the cortex and increasing it in thalamic and posterior hippocampal regions. Nevertheless, a single subsequent memory effect for item memory common to both groups was identified only in the left hippocampus/amygdala. Much of this effect was found to be larger for the placebo than dexmedetomidine group. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine impaired long-term picture memory, but did not disproportionately block memory for emotionally arousing items. The memory impairment on dexmedetomidine corresponds with a weakened hippocampal subsequent memory effect.
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Cho HJ, Sung YH, Lee SH, Chung JY, Kang JM, Yi JW. Isoflurane Induces Transient Anterograde Amnesia through Suppression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Hippocampus. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2013; 53:139-44. [PMID: 23634262 PMCID: PMC3638265 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2013.53.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Transient anterograde amnesia is occasionally observed in a number of conditions, including migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and after general anesthesia. The inhalation anesthetic, isoflurane, is known to induce transient anterograde amnesia. We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups : the control group, the 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group, and the 2 hours after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group (n=8 in each group). The rats in the isoflurane-exposed groups were anesthetized with 1.2% isoflurane in 75% nitrous oxide and 25% oxygen for 2 hours in a Plexiglas anesthetizing chamber. Short-term memory was determined using the step-down avoidance task. BDNF and TrkB expressions in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Results Latency in the step-down avoidance task was decreased 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, whereas it recovered to the control level 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. Conclusion In this study, isoflurane anesthesia induced transient anterograde amnesia, and the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of this transient anterograde amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jin Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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Woodhouse KJ, Brosnan RJ, Nguyen KQ, Moniz GW, Galuppo LD. Effects of postanesthetic sedation with romifidine or xylazine on quality of recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:533-9. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.4.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Inhaled agents represent an important and useful class of drugs for equine anesthesia. This article reviews the ether-type anesthetics in contemporary use, their uptake and elimination, their mechanisms of action, and their desirable and undesirable effects in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Brosnan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Teig MK, Hudetz AG, Mashour GA. Consciousness and Anesthesia: An Update for the Clinician. Adv Anesth 2012; 30:13-27. [PMID: 34522064 PMCID: PMC8437133 DOI: 10.1016/j.aan.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus K. Teig
- Lecturer-Fellow in Neuroanesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony G. Hudetz
- Professor, Anesthesiology, Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - George A. Mashour
- Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Niedringhaus M, Chen X, Dzakpasu R, Conant K. MMPs and soluble ICAM-5 increase neuronal excitability within in vitro networks of hippocampal neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42631. [PMID: 22912716 PMCID: PMC3418258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are released from neurons in an activity dependent manner. Published studies suggest their activity is important to varied forms of learning and memory. At least one MMP can stimulate an increase in the size of dendritic spines, structures which represent the post synaptic component for a large number of glutamatergic synapses. This change may be associated with increased synaptic glutamate receptor incorporation, and an increased amplitude and/or frequency of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) mini excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs). An associated increase in the probability of action potential occurrence would be expected. While the mechanism(s) by which MMPs may influence synaptic structure and function are not completely understood, MMP dependent shedding of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) could play an important role. CAMs are ideally positioned to be cleaved by synaptically released MMPs, and shed N terminal domains could potentially interact with previously unengaged integrins to stimulate dendritic actin polymerization with spine expansion. In the present study, we have used multielectrode arrays (MEAs) to investigate MMP and soluble CAM dependent changes in neuronal activity recorded from hippocampal cultures. We have focused on intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5) in particular, as this CAM is expressed on glutamatergic dendrites and shed in an MMP dependent manner. We show that chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP) evoked changes in recorded activity, and the dynamics of action potential bursts in particular, are altered by MMP inhibition. A blocking antibody to β1 integrins has a similar effect. We also show that the ectodomain of ICAM-5 can stimulate β1 integrin dependent increases in spike counts and burst number. These results support a growing body of literature suggesting that MMPs have important effects on neuronal excitability. They also support the possibility that MMP dependent shedding of specific synaptic CAMs can contribute to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Niedringhaus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Dzakpasu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KC); (RD)
| | - Katherine Conant
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KC); (RD)
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Gmaz JM, Matthews BA, McKay BE. Toluene inhalation modulates dentate gyrus granule cell output in vivo. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:403-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pearce RA, Duscher P, Van Dyke K, Lee M, Andrei AC, Perouansky M. Isoflurane impairs odour discrimination learning in rats: differential effects on short- and long-term memory. Br J Anaesth 2012; 108:630-7. [PMID: 22258200 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaesthetics suppress the formation of lasting memories at concentrations that do not suppress perception, but it is unclear which elements of the complex cascade leading from a conscious experience to a lasting memory trace are disrupted. Experiments in conscious humans suggest that subhypnotic concentrations of anaesthetics impair consolidation or maintenance rather than acquisition of a representation (long-term more than short-term memory). We sought to test whether these agents similarly impair learning in rats. METHODS We used operant conditioning in rats to examine the effect of isoflurane on acquisition compared with long-term (24 h) memory of non-aversive olfactory memories using two different odour discrimination tasks. Rats learned the 'valences' of odour pairs presented either separately (task A) or simultaneously (task B), under control conditions and under isoflurane inhalation. In a separate set of experiments, we tested the ability of the animals to recall a learning set that had been acquired 24 h previously. RESULTS Under 0.4% isoflurane inhalation, the average number of trials required to reach criterion performance (18 correct responses in 20 successive trials) increased from 21.9 to 43.5 (P<0.05) and 24.2 to 54.4 (P<0.05) for tasks A and B, respectively. Under 0.3% isoflurane inhalation, only task B was impaired (from 24.2 to 31.5 trials, P<0.05). Recall at 24 h was dose-dependently impaired or prevented by isoflurane for both tasks. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane interfered with long-term memory of odour valence without preventing its acquisition. This paradigm may serve as a non-aversive animal model of conscious amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pearce
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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