1
|
Alessandri Bonetti M, Arellano JA, Scarabosio A, Liu HY, Giorgino R, Ejaz A, Rubin JP, Egro FM. The Effect of Fat Grafting on Scars Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:989-998. [PMID: 38286897 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpigmented scars, particularly in exposed body areas, can be difficult to conceal and may evoke psychological distress. While the precise causes of scar dyschromia are not fully understood, alterations in melanogenic activity appear to hold more significance than changes in melanocyte quantity. Current treatments encompass laser interventions. However, it is essential to consider their costs and potential complications in relation to their limited proven effectiveness. Fat grafting has gained interest as a scar modulation technique due to its regenerative properties, and its efficacy in reducing scar hyperpigmentation is currently under investigation. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were accessed. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023457778. The primary outcome was a change in scar pigmentation after fat grafting. Pigmentation changes after fat grafting were calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) between baseline and postoperative scores according to POSAS and VSS scales. Bias assessment was conducted according to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence quality assessment tool. RESULTS A total of 8 articles meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified, involving 323 patients with hyperpigmented scars treated with fat grafting. A significant difference in scar pigmentation was noted after treatment with fat grafting according to observers' ratings, with a SMD of - 1.09 [95% CI: - 1.32; - 0.85], p<0.01. The SMD for patient-reported scar pigmentation after treatment with fat grafting was - 0.99 [96% CI: - 1.31; - 0.66], p<0.01. Four studies provided objective measurements of melanin changes after fat grafting and revealed inconsistent findings compared to subjective observations. CONCLUSIONS Fat grafting shows promise in ameliorating hyperpigmented scars based on subjective assessments, but further corroborating evidence from objective measures is required. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alessandri Bonetti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 1350 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Arellano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 1350 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Anna Scarabosio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Hilary Y Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 1350 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Riccardo Giorgino
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 1350 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 1350 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Francesco M Egro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 1350 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molina EA, Travis TE, Hussein L, Oliver MA, Keyloun JW, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW, Carney BC. Treatment of hypopigmented burn hypertrophic scars with short-term topical tacrolimus does not lead to repigmentation. Lasers Surg Med 2024; 56:175-185. [PMID: 38225772 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dyschromia is an understudied aspect of hypertrophic scar (HTS). The use of topical tacrolimus has successfully shown repigmentation in vitiligo patients through promotion of melanogenesis and melanocyte proliferation. It was hypothesized that HTSs treated with topical tacrolimus would have increased repigmentation compared to controls. METHODOLOGY Full-thickness burns in red Duroc pigs were either treated with excision and meshed split-thickness skin grafting or excision and no grafting, and these wounds formed hypopigmented HTSs (n = 8). Half of the scars had 0.1% tacrolimus ointment applied to the scar twice a day for 21 days, while controls had no treatment. Further, each scar was bisected with half incurring fractional ablative CO2 laser treatment before topical tacrolimus application to induce laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD). Pigmentation was evaluated using a noninvasive probe to measure melanin index (MI) at Days 0 (pretreatment), 7, 14, and 21. At each timepoint, punch biopsies were obtained and fixed in formalin or were incubated in dispase. The formalin-fixed biopsies were used to evaluate melanin levels by H&E staining. The biopsies incubated in dispase were used to obtain epidermal sheets. The ESs were then flash frozen and RNA was isolated from them and used in quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for melanogenesis-related genes: Tyrosinase (TYR), TYR-related protein-1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT). Analysis of variance test with Šídák's multiple comparisons test was used to compare groups. RESULTS Over time, within the grafted HTS and the NS group, there were no significant changes in MI, except for Week 3 in the -Tacro group. (+Tacro HTS= pre = 685.1 ± 42.0, w1 = 741.0 ± 54.16, w2 = 750.8 ± 59.0, w3 = 760.9 ± 49.8) (-Tacro HTS= pre = 700.4 ± 54.3, w1 = 722.3 ± 50.7, w2 = 739.6 ± 53.2, w3 = 722.7 ± 50.5). Over time, within the ungrafted HTS and the NS group, there were no significant changes in MI. (+Tacro HTS= pre = 644.9 ± 6.9, w1 = 661.6 ± 3.3, w2 = 650.3 ± 6.2, w3 = 636.3 ± 7.4) (-Tacro HTS= pre = 696.8 ± 8.0, w1 = 695.8 ± 12.3, w2 = 678.9 ± 14.0, w3 = 731.2 ± 50.3). LADD did not lead to any differential change in pigmentation compared to the non-LADD group. There was no evidence of increased melanogenesis within the tissue punch biopsies at any timepoint. There were no changes in TYR, TYRP1, or DCT gene expression after treatment. CONCLUSION Hypopigmented HTSs treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment with or without LADD did not show significantly increased repigmentation. This study was limited by a shorter treatment interval than what is known to be required in vitiligo patients for repigmentation. The use of noninvasive, topical treatments to promote repigmentation are an appealing strategy to relieve morbidity associated with dyschromic burn scars and requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Molina
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Taryn E Travis
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lou'ay Hussein
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mary A Oliver
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John W Keyloun
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carney BC, Travis TE, Keyloun JW, Moffatt LT, Johnson LS, McLawhorn MM, Shupp JW. Rete ridges are decreased in dyschromic burn hypertrophic scar: A histological study. Burns 2024; 50:66-74. [PMID: 37777456 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Dyschromic hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a common sequelae of burn injury, however, its mechanism has not been elucidated. This work is a histological study of these scars with a focus on rete ridges. Rete ridges are important for normal skin physiology, and their absence or presence may hold mechanistic significance in post-burn HTS dyschromia. It was posited that hyper-, and hypo-pigmented areas of scars have different numbers of rete ridges. Subjects with dyschromic burn hypertrophic scar were prospectively enrolled (n = 44). Punch biopsies of hyper-, hypo-, and normally pigmented scar and skin were collected. Biopsies were paraffin embedded, sectioned, stained with H&E, and imaged. The number of rete ridges were investigated. Burn hypertrophic scars that healed without autografts were first investigated. The number of rete ridges was higher in normal skin compared to HTS that was either hypo- (p < 0.01) or hyper-pigmented (p < 0.001). This difference was similar despite scar pigmentation phenotype (p = 0.8687). Autografted hyper-pigmented scars had higher rete ridge ratio compared to non-autografted hyper-pigmented HTS (p < 0.0001). Burn hypertrophihc scars have fewer rete ridges than normal skin. This finding may explain the decreased epidermal adherence to underlying dermis associated with hypertrophic scars. Though, contrary to our hypothesis, no direct link between the extent of dyschromia and rete ridge quantity was observed, the differences in normal skin and hypertrophic scar may lead to further understanding of dyschromic scars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Carney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA; Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taryn E Travis
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John W Keyloun
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA; Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura S Johnson
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melissa M McLawhorn
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA; Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA; The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kurup S, Travis TE, Shafy RAE, Shupp JW, Carney BC. Treatment of burn hypertrophic scar with fractional ablative laser-assisted drug delivery can decrease levels of hyperpigmentation. Lasers Surg Med 2023. [PMID: 37051876 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser treatments have been used to treat a variety of scar symptoms, including the appearance of scars following burn injury. One such symptom is hyperpigmentation. There are several qualitative and quantitative measures of assessing improvement in hyperpigmentation over time. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) are two scales that describe characteristics of scar such as pigmentation level. These scales are limited by their qualitative nature. On the other hand, spectrophotometers provide quantitative measures of pigmentation. Prior studies have reported that laser can change scar pigmentation, but no quantitative values have been reported. The current study examines changes in scar melanin index after CO2 fractional ablative laser scar revision (FLSR) via noninvasive probe measurement in patients of various Fitzpatrick skin types (FST). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with scars of various sizes and etiologies were treated with FLSR. A database was constructed including 189 patients undergoing laser treatment. From this pool, individuals were selected based on the criteria that they completed at least two laser sessions and had Melanin index measurements for both of these sessions and the pre-operative visit. This criteria resulted in 63 patients of various FST in the cohort. Melanin index, POSAS-Observer (O) and -Patient (P) pigmentation and color scores and VSS-pigmentation scores were examined over time. Demographic information (age of patient at time of first treatment, age of scar at time of first treatment, use of laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD), gender, FST, and Ethnicity) were collected from the medical record. Patients were grouped as "responder" if their Melanin index indicated decreased levels of hyperpigmentation after FLSR treatment in more than half of their total number of visits and "nonresponder" if it did not. RESULTS The majority of patients were responders (41/63). In responder patients, measurements of Melanin index showed significantly improved levels of hyperpigmentation in hypertrophic scars after two FLSR sessions (p < 0.05). Age of patient, gender, FST, age of scar, ethnicity, or type of drug delivered by LADD did not predict responder grouping. POSAS-O and -P pigmentation/color scores showed improved scores after two FLSR sessions within the responder group. POSAS-P color scores showed improved scores after two and three FLSR sessions in the nonresponder group. VSS pigmentation scores showed improved scores after three FLSR sessions in the responder group only. CONCLUSION Based on Melanin index values, FLSR leads to improvements in hyperpigmentation in certain patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Kurup
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Taryn E Travis
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rahma Abd El Shafy
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carney BC, Oliver MA, Kurup S, Collins M, Keyloun JW, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW, Travis TE. Laser-assisted drug delivery of synthetic alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone and L-tyrosine leads to increased pigmentation area and expression of melanogenesis genes in a porcine hypertrophic scar model. Lasers Surg Med 2023. [PMID: 37051852 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One symptom of hypertrophic scar (HTS) that can develop after burn injury is dyschromia with hyper- and hypopigmentation. There are limited treatments for these conditions. Previously, we showed there is no expression of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in hypopigmented scars, and if these melanocytes are treated with synthetic α-MSH in vitro, they respond by repigmenting. The current study tested the same hypothesis in the in vivo environment using laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD). METHODS HTSs were created in red Duroc pigs. At Day 77 (pre), they were treated with CO2 fractional ablative laser (FLSR). Synthetic α-MSH was delivered as a topical solution dissolved in l-tyrosine (n = 6, treated). Control scars received LADD of l-tyrosine only (n = 2, control). Scars were treated and examined weekly through Week 4. Digital images and punch biopsies of hyper, hypo-, and normally pigmented scar and skin were collected. Digital pictures were analyzed with ImageJ by tracing the area of hyperpigmentation. Epidermal sheets were obtained from punch biopsies through dispase separation and RNA was isolated. qRT-PCR was run for melanogenesis-related genes: tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT). Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons and Dunnett's correction compared the groups. RESULTS The areas of hyperpigmentation were variable before treatment. Therefore, data is represented as fold-change where each scar was normalized to its own pre value. Within the LADD of NDP α-MSH + l-tyrosine group, hyperpigmented areas gradually increased each week, reaching 1.3-fold over pre by Week 4. At each timepoint, area of hyperpigmentation was greater in the treated versus the control (1.04 ± 0.05 vs. 0.89 ± 0.08, 1.21 ± 0.07 vs. 0.98 ± 0.24, 1.21 ± 0.08 vs. 1.04 ± 0.11, 1.28 ± 0.11 vs. 0.94 ± 0.25; fold-change from pre-). Within the treatment group, pretreatment, levels of TYR were decreased -17.76 ± 4.52 below the level of normal skin in hypopigmented scars. After 1 treatment, potentially due to laser fractionation, the levels decreased to -43.49 ± 5.52. After 2, 3, and 4 treatments, there was ever increasing levels of TYR to almost the level of normally pigmented skin (-35.74 ± 15.72, -23.25 ± 6.80, -5.52 ± 2.22 [p < 0.01, Week 4]). This pattern was also observed for TYRP1 (pre = -12.94 ± 1.82, Week 1 = -48.85 ± 13.25 [p < 0.01], Weeks 2, 3, and 4 = -34.45 ± 14.64, -28.19 ± 4.98, -6.93 ± 3.05 [p < 0.01, Week 4]) and DCT (pre = -214.95 ± 89.42, Week 1 = -487.93 ± 126.32 [p < 0.05], Weeks 2, 3, and 4 = -219.06 ± 79.33, -72.91 ± 20.45 [p < 0.001], -76.00 ± 24.26 [p < 0.001]). Similar patterns were observed for scars treated with LADD of l-tyrosine alone without NDP α-MSH. For each gene, in hyperpigmented scar, levels increased at Week 4 of treatment compared to Week 1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A clinically-relevant FLSR treatment method can be combined with topical delivery of synthetic α-MSH and l-tyrosine to increase the area of pigmentation and expression of melanogenesis genes in hypopigmented HTS. LADD of l-tyrosine alone leads to increased expression of melanogenesis genes. Future studies will aim to optimize drug delivery, timing, and dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mary A Oliver
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sanjana Kurup
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Monica Collins
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John W Keyloun
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Taryn E Travis
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salas-Gianini MA, Ahumada FV, Peruilh-Bagolini L, Highet PSM. Manejo quirúrgico de la hipopigmentación crónica post-quemadura. Revisión sistemática. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
|
7
|
Brash DE, Goncalves LCP. Chemiexcitation: Mammalian Photochemistry in the Dark †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:251-276. [PMID: 36681894 PMCID: PMC10065968 DOI: 10.1111/php.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Light is one way to excite an electron in biology. Another is chemiexcitation, birthing a reaction product in an electronically excited state rather than exciting from the ground state. Chemiexcited molecules, as in bioluminescence, can release more energy than ATP. Excited states also allow bond rearrangements forbidden in ground states. Molecules with low-lying unoccupied orbitals, abundant in biology, are particularly susceptible. In mammals, chemiexcitation was discovered to transfer energy from excited melanin, neurotransmitters, or hormones to DNA, creating the lethal and carcinogenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer. That process was initiated by nitric oxide and superoxide, radicals triggered by ultraviolet light or inflammation. Several poorly understood chronic diseases share two properties: inflammation generates those radicals across the tissue, and cells that die are those containing melanin or neuromelanin. Chemiexcitation may therefore be a pathogenic event in noise- and drug-induced deafness, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's; it may prevent macular degeneration early in life but turn pathogenic later. Beneficial evolutionary selection for excitable biomolecules may thus have conferred an Achilles heel. This review of recent findings on chemiexcitation in mammalian cells also describes the underlying physics, biochemistry, and potential pathogenesis, with the goal of making this interdisciplinary phenomenon accessible to researchers within each field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E. Brash
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, USA
| | - Leticia C. P. Goncalves
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
- Institut de Chimie de Nice CNRS UMR7272, Université Côte d’Azur, 28 Avenue Valrose 06108 Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Walter AB, Jansen ED. Development of a platform for broadband, spectra-fitted, tissue optical phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:025001. [PMID: 36814953 PMCID: PMC9940728 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Current methods of producing optical phantoms are incapable of accurately capturing the wavelength-dependent properties of tissue critical for many optical modalities. AIM We aim to introduce a method of producing solid, inorganic phantoms whose wavelength-dependent optical properties can be matched to those of tissue over the wavelength range of 370 to 950 nm. APPROACH The concentration-dependent optical properties of 20 pigments were characterized and used to determine combinations that result in optimal fits compared to the target properties over the full spectrum. Phantoms matching the optical properties of muscle and nerve, the diffuse reflectance of pale and melanistic skin, and the chromophore concentrations of a computational skin model with varying oxygen saturation ( StO 2 ) were made with this method. RESULTS Both optical property phantoms were found to accurately mimic their respective tissues' absorption and scattering properties across the entire spectrum. The diffuse reflectance phantoms were able to closely approximate skin reflectance regardless of skin type. All three computational skin phantoms were found to have emulated chromophore concentrations close to the model, with an average percent error for the StO 2 of 4.31%. CONCLUSIONS This multipigment phantom platform represents a powerful tool for creating spectrally accurate tissue phantoms, which should increase the availability of standards for many optical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Walter
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - E. Duco Jansen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Analysis of the Utility of CO2 and Pulse-Dye Lasers Together and Separately in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Burn Scars. Ann Plast Surg 2022; 89:166-172. [PMID: 35943226 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic burn scars (HTBSs) remain a significant source of morbidity. Contemporary treatment has evolved to use CO2 lasers and/or pulse-dye lasers (PDLs) to reduce scar thickness (ST) and erythema. This study seeks to compare treatment efficacy with CO2 or PDL individually and in combination. METHODS Patients undergoing laser treatments for HTBSs were enrolled. Three 3 × 3 cm squares of HTBSs were randomized to receive treatment with CO2 laser, PDL or CO2 + PDL. Patients underwent 3 treatments, 4 to 6 weeks apart and were followed up over 3 to 6 months. Scar assessments occurred at each visit before treatment and consisted of photographs, ultrasound, colorimetry, and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Score. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Twenty completed 2 treatments (80%) and 11 completed all 3 treatments (44%). Median initial ST was 0.3 cm. Median time since injury was 8 months. Hypertrophic burn scars treated with CO2 or PDL showed a significant decrease in Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale score from visit 1 to 3 (P = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). When separated by ST, thick scars (≥0.3 cm) showed a significant decrease in thickness between visit 1 and 2 using all laser modalities (CO2 + PDL, P = 0.01; CO2, P = 0.02; PDL, P = 0.03). Thin scars (<0.3 cm) showed a reduction in thickness by visit 3 after CO2 + PDL or PDL alone (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Separating scars by age, younger scars (<9 months) showed a significant reduction in thickness between visit 1 and 2 for CO2 treatment (P = 0.04), and between visit 2 and 3 for CO2 + PDL treatment (P = 0.04). Hypertrophic burn scars treated with PDL did not demonstrate a significant reduction in thickness until visit 3 (P = 0.002). Older scars (≥9 months) showed a significant reduction in thickness between visit 1 and 2 only after CO2 + PDL (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hypertrophic burn scars of varying ages, etiologies, and thicknesses were examined in this study with greater degree of early reduction seen in thicker scars using all laser modalities of CO2, PDL or in combination. However, there was no clinically meaningful benefit found with combination as compared with individual treatment. These data support the use of laser to improve HTBS but does not support one modality or combination of modalities over another.
Collapse
|
10
|
Angiogenic gene characterization and vessel permeability of dermal microvascular endothelial cells isolated from burn hypertrophic scar. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12222. [PMID: 35851095 PMCID: PMC9293893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation is a common challenge for patients after burn injury. Dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVECs) are an understudied cell type in HTS. An increase in angiogenesis and microvessel density can be observed in HTS. Endothelial dysfunction may play a role in scar development. This study aims to generate a functional and expression profile of HTS DMVECs. We hypothesize that transcript and protein-level responses in HTS DMVECs differ from those in normal skin (NS). HTSs were created in red Duroc pigs. DMVECs were isolated using magnetic-activated cell sorting with ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) lectin. Separate transwell inserts were used to form monolayers of HTS DMVECs and NS DMVECs. Cell injury was induced and permeability was assessed. Gene expression in HTS DMVECS versus NS DMVECs was measured. Select differentially expressed genes were further investigated. HTS had an increased area density of dermal microvasculature compared to NS. HTS DMVECs were 17.59% less permeable than normal DMVECs (p < 0.05). After injury, NS DMVECs were 28.4% and HTS DMVECs were 18.8% more permeable than uninjured controls (28.4 ± 4.8 vs 18.8 ± 2.8; p = 0.11). PCR array identified 31 differentially expressed genes between HTS and NS DMVECs, of which 10 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated. qRT-PCR and ELISA studies were in accordance with the array. DMVECs expressed a mixed profile of factors that can contribute to and inhibit scar formation. HTS DMVECs have both a discordant response to cellular insults and baseline differences in function, supporting their proposed role in scar pathology. Further investigation of DMVECs is warranted to elucidate their contribution to HTS pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Successful Repigmentation of Full-Thickness Wound Healing in Fraser’s Dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121482. [PMID: 35739819 PMCID: PMC9219537 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraser’s dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei) exhibit the capability to restore nearly normal pigmentation after full-thickness wounding. However, the association among melanocytes, melanin and skin pigmentation during wound healing in cetaceans has yet to be addressed. Here, the number of melanocytes and the distribution of melanocytes and melanin in different-colored skin and different wound-healing stages in Fraser’s dolphins were analyzed by using Fontana–Masson staining, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining. It was noticed that there was the highest number of melanocytes in dark skin and the lowest number of melanocytes in white skin. The appearance of functional melanocytes and full-melanized neoepidermis was observed in the early stage of wound healing in Fraser’s dolphins. Furthermore, the melanocyte number and skin pigmentation and pattern in healed wounds recovered to a similar condition of unwounded skin. This study provides fundamental knowledge of skin repigmentation in cetaceans for further research, and it will be warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of the replenishment of melanocytes and the regulation of melanocyte activity that contribute to the successful repigmentation in cetacean skin wounds.
Collapse
|
12
|
Preferential stimulation of melanocytes by M2 macrophages to produce melanin through vascular endothelial growth factor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6416. [PMID: 35440608 PMCID: PMC9019043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a skin discoloration process that occurs following an inflammatory response or wound. As the skin begins to heal, macrophages first exhibit a proinflammatory phenotype (M1) during the early stages of tissue repair and then transition to a pro-healing, anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) in later stages. During this process, M1 macrophages remove invading bacteria and M2 macrophages remodel surrounding tissue; however, the relationship between macrophages and pigmentation is unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of macrophages on melanin pigmentation using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Functional melanocytes were differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells and named as hiMels. The generated hiMels were then individually cocultured with M1 and M2 macrophages. Melanin synthesis decreased in hiMels cocultured with M1 macrophages but significantly increased in hiMels cocultured with M2 macrophages. Moreover, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was increased in M2 cocultured media. Our findings suggest that M2 macrophages, and not M1 macrophages, induce hyperpigmentation in scarred areas of the skin during tissue repair.
Collapse
|
13
|
Funkhouser CH, Kirkpatrick LD, Smith RD, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW, Carney BC. In-depth examination of hyperproliferative healing in two breeds of Sus scrofa domesticus commonly used for research. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:406-417. [PMID: 34977492 PMCID: PMC8690996 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wound healing can result in various outcomes, including hypertrophic scar (HTS). Pigs serve as models to study wound healing as their skin shares physiologic similarity with humans. Yorkshire (Yk) and Duroc (Dc) pigs have been used to mimic normal and abnormal wound healing, respectively. The reason behind this differential healing phenotype was explored here. Methods Excisional wounds were made on Dc and Yk pigs and were sampled and imaged for 98 days. PCR arrays were used to determine differential gene expression. Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores were given. Re-epithelialization was analyzed. H&E, Mason's trichrome, and immunostains were used to determine cellularity, collagen content, and blood vessel density, respectively. Results Yk wounds heal to a "port wine" HTS, resembling scarring in Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) I-III. Dc wounds heal to a dyspigmented, non-pliable HTS, resembling scarring in FST IV-VI. Gene expression during wound healing was differentially regulated versus uninjured skin in 40/80 genes, 15 of which differed between breeds. Yk scars had a higher VSS score at all time points. Yk and Dc wounds had equivalent re-epithelialization, collagen disorganization, and blood vessel density. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that Dc and Yk pigs can produce HTS. Wound creation and healing were consistent among breeds, and differences in gene expression were not sufficient to explain differences in resulting scar phenotype. Both pig breeds should be used in animal models to investigate novel therapeutics to provide insight into a treatment's effectiveness on various skin types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colton H. Funkhouser
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research LaboratoryMedStar Health Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Liam D. Kirkpatrick
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research LaboratoryMedStar Health Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Robert D. Smith
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research LaboratoryMedStar Health Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Lauren T. Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research LaboratoryMedStar Health Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of SurgeryGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jeffrey W. Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research LaboratoryMedStar Health Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of SurgeryGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Burn CenterDepartment of SurgeryMedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Bonnie C. Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research LaboratoryMedStar Health Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of SurgeryGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carney BC, Travis TE, Moffatt LT, Johnson LS, McLawhorn MM, Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Rosenthal DS, Shupp JW. Hypopigmented burn hypertrophic scar contains melanocytes that can be signaled to re-pigment by synthetic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248985. [PMID: 33765043 PMCID: PMC7993611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited treatments for dyschromia in burn hypertrophic scars (HTSs). Initial work in Duroc pig models showed that regions of scar that are light or dark have equal numbers of melanocytes. This study aims to confirm melanocyte presence in regions of hypo- and hyper-pigmentation in an animal model and patient samples. In a Duroc pig model, melanocyte presence was confirmed using en face staining. Patients with dyschromic HTSs had demographic, injury details, and melanin indices collected. Punch biopsies were taken of regions of hyper-, hypo-, or normally pigmented scar and skin. Biopsies were processed to obtain epidermal sheets (ESs). A subset of ESs were en face stained with melanocyte marker, S100β. Melanocytes were isolated from a different subset. Melanocytes were treated with NDP α-MSH, a pigmentation stimulator. mRNA was isolated from cells, and was used to evaluate gene expression of melanin-synthetic genes. In patient and pig scars, regions of hyper-, hypo-, and normal pigmentation had significantly different melanin indices. S100β en face staining showed that regions of hyper- and hypo-pigmentation contained the same number of melanocytes, but these cells had different dendricity/activity. Treatment of hypo-pigmented melanocytes with NDP α-MSH produced melanin by microscopy. Melanin-synthetic genes were upregulated in treated cells over controls. While traditionally it may be thought that hypopigmented regions of burn HTS display this phenotype because of the absence of pigment-producing cells, these data show that inactive melanocytes are present in these scar regions. By treating with a pigment stimulator, cells can be induced to re-pigment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C. Carney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Taryn E. Travis
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lauren T. Moffatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Laura S. Johnson
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. McLawhorn
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Cynthia M. Simbulan-Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Dean S. Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Shupp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alzahrani Z, Ghobara YA, AlJasser MI. Postburn leukoderma successfully treated with topical daylight psoralen UVA therapy. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13248. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Alzahrani
- Division of Dermatology College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed I. AlJasser
- Division of Dermatology College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Applegate MB, Karrobi K, Angelo Jr. JP, Austin W, Tabassum SM, Aguénounon E, Tilbury K, Saager RB, Gioux S, Roblyer D. OpenSFDI: an open-source guide for constructing a spatial frequency domain imaging system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-13. [PMID: 31925946 PMCID: PMC7008504 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.016002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a diffuse optical measurement technique that can quantify tissue optical absorption (μa) and reduced scattering (<inline-formula>μs'</inline-formula>) on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Measurements of μa at different wavelengths enable the extraction of molar concentrations of tissue chromophores over a wide field, providing a noncontact and label-free means to assess tissue viability, oxygenation, microarchitecture, and molecular content. We present here openSFDI: an open-source guide for building a low-cost, small-footprint, three-wavelength SFDI system capable of quantifying μa and <inline-formula>μs'</inline-formula> as well as oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in biological tissue. The companion website provides a complete parts list along with detailed instructions for assembling the openSFDI system.<p> Aim: We describe the design of openSFDI and report on the accuracy and precision of optical property extractions for three different systems fabricated according to the instructions on the openSFDI website.</p> <p> Approach: Accuracy was assessed by measuring nine tissue-simulating optical phantoms with a physiologically relevant range of μa and <inline-formula>μs'</inline-formula> with the openSFDI systems and a commercial SFDI device. Precision was assessed by repeatedly measuring the same phantom over 1 h.</p> <p> Results: The openSFDI systems had an error of 0 ± 6 % in μa and -2 ± 3 % in <inline-formula>μs'</inline-formula>, compared to a commercial SFDI system. Bland-Altman analysis revealed the limits of agreement between the two systems to be ± 0.004 mm - 1 for μa and -0.06 to 0.1 mm - 1 for <inline-formula>μs'</inline-formula>. The openSFDI system had low drift with an average standard deviation of 0.0007 mm - 1 and 0.05 mm - 1 in μa and <inline-formula>μs'</inline-formula>, respectively.</p>,<p> Conclusion: The openSFDI provides a customizable hardware platform for research groups seeking to utilize SFDI for quantitative diffuse optical imaging.</p>
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Applegate
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kavon Karrobi
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Wyatt Austin
- University of Maine, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Orono, Maine, United States
| | - Syeda M. Tabassum
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Karissa Tilbury
- University of Maine, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Orono, Maine, United States
| | - Rolf B. Saager
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping Sweden
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Darren Roblyer, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Potential Contributes to Hypertrophic Scar Formation. J Surg Res 2019; 244:312-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
18
|
Outcome of Repeated Use of Donor Site for Noncultured Epidermal Cellular Grafting in Stable Vitiligo: A Retrospective Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7623607. [PMID: 31828129 PMCID: PMC6885149 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7623607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Noncultured epidermal suspension (NCES) is a surgical technique which employs cellular grafting onto depigmented lesions. However, scarring and dyschromia at the donor site often occurs. Objective To assess the outcome of reusing the same donor site in subsequent sessions of NCES procedures. Methods Electronic records of vitiligo patients who had undergone two sessions of NCES procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Information on the first and second NCES was retrieved for analyses. Results A total of 30 patients (female 19 and male 11) were included. The majority of patients had nonsegmental vitiligo (66.7%). The median donor-to-recipient ratios were 1 : 3 (1 : 1–1 : 20) for the first session and 1 : 3 (1 : 1–1 : 13.5) for the second session (p=0.661). The mean melanocyte count was 220.7 ± 65.5 cells/mm2 vs. 242.4 ± 55.3 cells/mm2 on the first and second sessions, respectively (p=0.440). The mean repigmentation rate was 84.2% (±21.1%) and 82.3 (±22.1%) for the first and second NCESs, respectively (p=0.645). The frequency of color mismatch and pigment loss were similar between both sessions (p=0.706 and p=1.000). Conclusions Repeated use of donor sites in subsequent NCES sessions gave comparable repigmentation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dutta S, Panda S, Singh P, Tawde S, Mishra M, Andhale V, Athavale A, Keswani SM. Hypopigmentation in burns is associated with alterations in the architecture of the skin and the dendricity of the melanocytes. Burns 2019; 46:906-917. [PMID: 31685389 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypopigmentation is a major problem in deep dermal burns. To date, no standard treatment is available for the post burn hypopigmentation disorder. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular events are of benefit for therapeutic intervention. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Fontana Masson (FM) staining of post burn hypopigmented skin (PBHS) showed an altered architectural pattern in cellular organization, cornified layer and melanin pigment as compared to the normal skin. This was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of PBHS samples using specific marker cytokeratin 5 (CK5) for keratinocytes and melanocortin 1 receptor (MCIR) for melanocytes. Validation of these observations was performed by IHC using proliferation and differentiation markers, Ki67 and Loricrin respectively and the melanocyte specific marker tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1). Taking a cue from the IHC study, the interaction of keratinocytes and melanocytes was studied by developing a co-culture model from PBHS and normal skin. Culture data exhibited a change of dendritic structure, reduced proliferation rate, faulty melanin synthesis and transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes in PBHS samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing structural and functional aberrations of melanocytes and keratinocytes, as a potential cause of hypopigmentation in burned patients. Our study, therefore, provides valuable insight for the basis of hypopigmentation in post burn patients, which may pave the way for clinical intervention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dutta
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sangita Panda
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sumit Tawde
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mamata Mishra
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vikas Andhale
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Angira Athavale
- National Burns Centre, Sector 13, Plot no 1, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-18. [PMID: 31222987 PMCID: PMC6995958 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Address all correspondence to Sylvain Gioux, E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019. [PMID: 31222987 DOI: 10.1117/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alkhalil A, Carney BC, Travis TE, Muhie S, Miller SA, Ramella-Roman JC, Ghassemi P, Hammamieh R, Jett M, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW. Dyspigmented hypertrophic scars: Beyond skin color. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:643-656. [PMID: 30849202 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although pigment synthesis is well understood, relevant mechanisms of psychologically debilitating dyspigmentation in nascent tissue after cutaneous injuries are still unknown. Here, differences in genomic transcription of hyper- and hypopigmented tissue relative to uninjured skin were investigated using a red Duroc swine scar model. Transcription profiles differed based on pigmentation phenotypes with a trend of more upregulation or downregulation in hyper- or hypopigmented scars, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of significantly modulated genes in both pigmentation phenotypes showed pathways related to redox, metabolic, and inflammatory responses were more present in hypopigmented samples, while those related to stem cell development differentiation were found mainly in hyperpigmented samples. Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and inflammation responses were predicted (z-score) active in hyperpigmented and inactive in hypopigmented. The proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 pathway showed the opposite trend. Analysis of differentially regulated mutually exclusive genes showed an extensive presence of metabolic, proinflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways in hypopigmented scars, while melanin synthesis, glycosaminoglycans biosynthesis, and cell differentiation pathways were predominant in hyperpigmented scar. Several potential therapeutic gene targets have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulnaser Alkhalil
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Taryn E Travis
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Seid Muhie
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Stacy Ann Miller
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | | | - Pehman Ghassemi
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carney BC, Chen JH, Luker JN, Alkhalil A, Jo DY, Travis TE, Moffatt LT, Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Rosenthal DS, Shupp JW. Pigmentation Diathesis of Hypertrophic Scar: An Examination of Known Signaling Pathways to Elucidate the Molecular Pathophysiology of Injury-Related Dyschromia. J Burn Care Res 2018; 40:58-71. [DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Carney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jason H Chen
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, District of Columbia
| | - Jenna N Luker
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Abdulnaser Alkhalil
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Daniel Y Jo
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Taryn E Travis
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, District of Columbia
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Cynthia M Simbulan-Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Dean S Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
- Firefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
- The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, District of Columbia
- Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Treatment Strategies for Hypopigmentation in the Context of Burn Hypertrophic Scars. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2018; 6:e1642. [PMID: 29464168 PMCID: PMC5811298 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dyspigmentation in burn scars can contribute to the development of psychosocial complications after injury and can be detrimental to social reintegration and quality of life for burn survivors. Although treatments for skin lightening to treat hyperpigmentation have been well reviewed in the literature, skin-darkening strategies to treat hypopigmentation have not. The following potential treatment options in the context of burn hypertrophic scar will be discussed: use of the melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure, use of ectopic synthetic analogues of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone to initiate melanogenesis, and use of FK506 to induce melanogenesis. A proposed future direction of research in laser-assisted drug delivery of inducers of local melanin production, with the hope of developing a targeted, effective approach to dyspigmentation in hypertrophic scar is also discussed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Travis T, Ghassemi P, Prindeze N, Moffatt L, Carney B, Alkhalil A, Ramella-Roman J, Shupp J. Matrix Metalloproteinases Are Differentially Regulated and Responsive to Compression Therapy in a Red Duroc Model of Hypertrophic Scar. EPLASTY 2018; 18:e1. [PMID: 29375731 PMCID: PMC5765626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinases family play a vital role in extracellular matrix maintenance and basic physiological processes in tissue homeostasis. The function and activities of matrix metalloproteinases in response to compression therapies have yet to be defined. Here, a swine model of hypertrophic scar was used to profile the transcription of all known 26 matrix metalloproteinases in scars treated with a precise compression dose. Methods: Full-thickness excisional wounds were created. Wounds underwent healing and scar formation. A subset of scars underwent 2 weeks of compression therapy. Biopsy specimens were preserved, and microarrays, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were performed to characterize the transcription and expression of various matrix metalloproteinase family members. Results: Microarray results showed that 13 of the known 26 matrix metalloproteinases were differentially transcribed in wounds relative to the preinjury skin. The predominant upregulation of these matrix metalloproteinases during early wound-healing stages declined gradually in later stages of wound healing. The use of compression therapy reduced this decline in 10 of the 13 differentially regulated matrix metalloproteinases. Further investigation of MMP7 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the effect of compression on transcript levels. Assessment of MMP7 at the protein level using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry was concordant. Conclusions: In a swine model of hypertrophic scar, the application of compression to hypertrophic scar attenuated a trend of decreasing levels of matrix metalloproteinases during the process of hypertrophic wound healing, including MMP7, whose enzyme regulation was confirmed at the protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E. Travis
- aThe Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC,bFirefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Pejhman Ghassemi
- cDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
| | - Nicholas J. Prindeze
- bFirefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Lauren T. Moffatt
- bFirefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Bonnie C. Carney
- bFirefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | - Abdulnaser Alkhalil
- bFirefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC
| | | | - Jeffrey W. Shupp
- aThe Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC,bFirefighters’ Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC,cDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Foubert P, Zafra D, Liu M, Rajoria R, Gutierrez D, Tenenhaus M, Fraser JK. Autologous adipose-derived regenerative cell therapy modulates development of hypertrophic scarring in a red Duroc porcine model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:261. [PMID: 29141687 PMCID: PMC5688645 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars (HTSs), a common consequence of deep-partial thickness injury, remain a significant clinical challenge. Previous studies from our group have shown that autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) represent a promising approach to improve wound healing and, thereby, impact HTS development. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of local delivery of ADRCs immediately following deep-partial thickness cutaneous injury on HTS development in the red Duroc (RD) porcine model. Methods Bilateral pairs of deep-partial thickness excisional wounds (2 mm depth; 58 cm2 area) were created using an electric dermatome on RD pigs (n = 12). Autologous ADRCs were isolated from the inguinal fat pad and then sprayed directly onto the wound at a dose of 0.25 × 106 viable cells/cm2. The paired contralateral wound received vehicle control. Wound healing and development of HTS were assessed over 6 months using digital imaging, quantitative measurement of skin hardness and pigmentation, and histology. Results Data showed that ADRC treatment led to reduced scar hyperpigmentation compared to control (p < 0.05). Using the Durometer, at 2 and 6 months post-injury, skin hardness was 10–20% lower in ADRCs-treated wounds compared to control vehicle (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed with the skin fibrometer. ADRC treatment promoted more normal collagen organization, improvement in the number of rete ridges (p < 0.01), longer elastic fiber length (p < 0.01), and reduced hypervascularity (blood vessel density; p < 0.05). ADRC treatment was associated with modulation of IL-6 expression within the wound/scar with upregulation 2 weeks after injury (wound healing phase) and downregulation at 2 months (early scarring phase) post-treatment compared to control Conclusions These findings support the potential therapeutic value of autologous ADRC administration for reduction of HTS development following deep-partial cutaneous injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0704-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Foubert
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Diana Zafra
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mike Liu
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mayer Tenenhaus
- UCSD Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John K Fraser
- Cytori Therapeutics Inc, 3020 Callan Road, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
van de Giessen M, Angelo JP, Gioux S. Real-time, profile-corrected single snapshot imaging of optical properties. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4051-62. [PMID: 26504653 PMCID: PMC4605062 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel acquisition and processing method that enables real-time, single snapshot of optical properties (SSOP) and 3-dimensional (3D) profile measurements in the spatial frequency domain is described. This method makes use of a dual sinusoidal wave projection pattern permitting to extract the DC and AC components in the frequency domain to recover optical properties as well as the phase for measuring the 3D profile. In this method, the 3D profile is used to correct for the effect of sample's height and angle and directly obtain profile-corrected absorption and reduced scattering maps from a single acquired image. In this manuscript, the 3D-SSOP method is described and validated on tissue-mimicking phantoms as well as in vivo, in comparison with the standard profile-corrected SFDI (3D-SFDI) method. On average, in comparison with 3D-SFDI method, the 3D-SSOP method allows to recover the profile within 1.2mm and profile-corrected optical properties within 12% for absorption and 6% for reduced scattering over a large field-of-view and in real-time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van de Giessen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph P. Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 300 Bd S. Brant, 67412 Illkirch cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sirimahachaiyakul P, Sood RF, Muffley LA, Seaton M, Lin CT, Qiao L, Armaly JS, Hocking AM, Gibran NS. Race Does Not Predict Melanocyte Heterogeneous Responses to Dermal Fibroblast-Derived Mediators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139135. [PMID: 26418010 PMCID: PMC4587942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abnormal pigmentation following cutaneous injury causes significant patient distress and represents a barrier to recovery. Wound depth and patient characteristics influence scar pigmentation. However, we know little about the pathophysiology leading to hyperpigmentation in healed shallow wounds and hypopigmentation in deep dermal wound scars. We sought to determine whether dermal fibroblast signaling influences melanocyte responses. Methods and Materials Epidermal melanocytes from three Caucasians and three African-Americans were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the entire genome. Melanocyte genetic profiles were determined using principal component analysis. We assessed melanocyte phenotype and gene expression in response to dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium and determined potential mesenchymal mediators by proteome profiling the fibroblast-conditioned medium. Results Six melanocyte samples demonstrated significant variability in phenotype and gene expression at baseline and in response to fibroblast-conditioned medium. Genetic profiling for SNPs in receptors for 13 identified soluble fibroblast-secreted mediators demonstrated considerable heterogeneity, potentially explaining the variable melanocyte responses to fibroblast-conditioned medium. Discussion Our data suggest that melanocytes respond to dermal fibroblast-derived mediators independent of keratinocytes and raise the possibility that mesenchymal-epidermal interactions influence skin pigmentation during cutaneous scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi F. Sood
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lara A. Muffley
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Max Seaton
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Ta Lin
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Liang Qiao
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Armaly
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Hocking
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicole S. Gibran
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|