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Wang C, Oishi K, Kobayashi T, Fujii K, Horii M, Fushida N, Kitano T, Maeda S, Ikawa Y, Komuro A, Hamaguchi Y, Matsushita T. The Role of TLR7 and TLR9 in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6133. [PMID: 38892317 PMCID: PMC11172923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The bleomycin-induced scleroderma model is a well-established and dependable method for creating a mouse model of SSc (systemic sclerosis). In the field of skin connective tissue diseases, increasing evidence from clinical and animal experiments suggests that TLRs (Toll-like receptors) play an important role in several diseases. This study aimed to determine the role of TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) and TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9) in the mechanisms of immune abnormalities and fibrosis in SSc. This study used TLR7-KO mice (TLR7-knockout mice with a balb/c background) and TLR9-KO mice (TLR9-knockout mice with a balb/c background) as well as WT mice (wild-type balb/c mice). All three kinds of mice were induced by BLM (bleomycin) in a scleroderma model as the experimental group; meanwhile, WT mice treated with PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) were used as the control group. We analyzed the fibrotic phenotype and the immunological abnormality phenotype of TLR7-deficient and TLR9-deficient mice in the SSc disease model using flow cytometry, RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), a histological examination, and IHC (immunohistochemical staining). In a mouse model of SSc disease, the deletion of TLR7 attenuated skin and lung fibrosis, while the deletion of TLR9 exacerbated skin and lung fibrosis. The deletion of TLR7 resulted in a relative decrease in the infiltration and expression of various pro-inflammatory and fibrotic cells and cytokines in the skin. On the other hand, the deletion of TLR9 resulted in a relative increase in the infiltration and expression of various pro-inflammatory and cytokine-inhibiting cells and cytokines in the skin. Under the influence of pDCs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells), the balances of Beff/Breg (IL-6 + CD19 + B cell/IL-10 + CD19 + B cell), Th17/Treg (IL-17A + CD4 + T cell/Foxp3 + CD25 + CD4 + T cell), M1/M2 (CD86 + macrophage/CD206 + macrophage), and Th1/Th2 (TNFα + CD3 + CD4 + T cell/IL-4 + CD3 + CD4 + T cell) were biased towards the suppression of inflammation and fibrosis as a result of the TLR7 deletion. Comparatively, the balance was biased towards promoting inflammation and fibrosis due to the TLR9 deletion. In the SSc model, TLR7 promoted inflammation and fibrosis progression, while TLR9 played a protective role. These results suggest that TLR7 and TLR9 play opposite roles in triggering SSc to produce immune system abnormalities and skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Kyosuke Oishi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Tadahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Ko Fujii
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Motoki Horii
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Natsumi Fushida
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Tasuku Kitano
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Shintaro Maeda
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Yuichi Ikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akito Komuro
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; (C.W.)
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Ezzo M, Hinz B. Novel approaches to target fibroblast mechanotransduction in fibroproliferative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108528. [PMID: 37708995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in mechanical environment is vital in conditions of organ injury when the architecture of normal tissues is disturbed or lost. Among the various cellular players that respond to injury, fibroblasts take center stage in re-establishing tissue integrity by secreting and organizing extracellular matrix into stabilizing scar tissue. Activation, activity, survival, and death of scar-forming fibroblasts are tightly controlled by mechanical environment and proper mechanotransduction ensures that fibroblast activities cease after completion of the tissue repair process. Conversely, dysregulated mechanotransduction often results in fibroblast over-activation or persistence beyond the state of normal repair. The resulting pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is called fibrosis, a condition that has been associated with over 40% of all deaths in the industrialized countries. Consequently, elements in fibroblast mechanotransduction are scrutinized for their suitability as anti-fibrotic therapeutic targets. We review the current knowledge on mechanically relevant factors in the fibroblast extracellular environment, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion structures, stretch-activated membrane channels, stress-regulated cytoskeletal structures, and co-transcription factors. We critically discuss the targetability of these elements in therapeutic approaches and their progress in pre-clinical and/or clinical trials to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ezzo
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Guo M, Liu D, Jiang Y, Chen W, Zhao L, Bao D, Li Y, Distler JHW, Zhu H. Serum metabolomic profiling reveals potential biomarkers in systemic sclerosis. Metabolism 2023; 144:155587. [PMID: 37156409 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease marked by the skin and visceral fibrosis. Metabolic alterations have been found in SSc patients; however, serum metabolomic profiling has not been thoroughly conducted. Our study aimed to identify alterations in the metabolic profile in both SSc patients before and during treatment, as well as in mouse models of fibrosis. Furthermore, the associations between metabolites and clinical parameters and disease progression were explored. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)/MS was performed in the serum of 326 human samples and 33 mouse samples. Human samples were collected from 142 healthy controls (HC), 127 newly diagnosed SSc patients without treatment (SSc baseline), and 57 treated SSc patients (SSc treatment). Mouse serum samples were collected from 11 control mice (NaCl), 11 mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced fibrosis and 11 mice with hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced fibrosis. Both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis (orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA)) were conducted to unravel differently expressed metabolites. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to characterize the dysregulated metabolic pathways in SSc. Associations between metabolites and clinical parameters of SSc patients were identified by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to identify the important metabolites that have the potential to predict the progression of skin fibrosis. RESULTS The newly diagnosed SSc patients without treatment showed a unique serum metabolic profile compared to HC. Treatment partially corrected the metabolic changes in SSc. Some metabolites (phloretin 2'-O-glucuronide, retinoyl b-glucuronide, all-trans-retinoic acid, and betaine) and metabolic pathways (starch and sucrose metabolism, proline metabolism, androgen and estrogen metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism) were dysregulated in new-onset SSc, but restored upon treatment. Some metabolic changes were associated with treatment response in SSc patients. Metabolic changes observed in SSc patients were mimicked in murine models of SSc, indicating that they may reflect general metabolic changes associated with fibrotic tissue remodeling. Several metabolic changes were associated with SSc clinical parameters. The levels of allysine and all-trans-retinoic acid were negatively correlated, while D-glucuronic acid and hexanoyl carnitine were positively correlated with modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). In addition, a panel of metabolites including proline betaine, phloretin 2'-O-glucuronide, gamma-linolenic acid and L-cystathionine were associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in SSc. Specific metabolites identified by ML algorithms, such as medicagenic acid 3-O-b-D-glucuronide, 4'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin-3'-O-beta-glucuronide, valproic acid glucuronide, have the potential to predict the progression of skin fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Serum of SSc patients demonstrates profound metabolic changes. Treatment partially restored the metabolic changes in SSc. Moreover, certain metabolic changes were associated with clinical manifestations such as skin fibrosis and ILD, and could predict the progression of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ding Bao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yisha Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Li Z, Wang S, Zhao H, Yan P, Yuan H, Zhao M, Wan R, Yu G, Wang L. Artificial neural network identified the significant genes to distinguish Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1225. [PMID: 36681777 PMCID: PMC9867697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease that causes irreversible damage to lung tissue characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling of lung parenchyma. The current diagnosis of IPF is complex and usually completed by a multidisciplinary team including clinicians, radiologists and pathologists they work together and make decision for an effective treatment, it is imperative to introduce novel practical methods for IPF diagnosis. This study provided a new diagnostic model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on machine learning. Six genes including CDH3, DIO2, ADAMTS14, HS6ST2, IL13RA2, and IGFL2 were identified based on the differentially expressed genes in IPF patients compare to healthy subjects through a random forest classifier with the existing gene expression databases. An artificial neural network model was constructed for IPF diagnosis based these genes, and this model was validated by the distinctive public datasets with a satisfactory diagnostic accuracy. These six genes identified were significant correlated with lung function, and among them, CDH3 and DIO2 were further determined to be significantly associated with the survival. Putting together, artificial neural network model identified the significant genes to distinguish idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from healthy people and it is potential for molecular diagnosis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Peishuo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Ruyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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5
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Schuster R, Younesi F, Ezzo M, Hinz B. The Role of Myofibroblasts in Physiological and Pathological Tissue Repair. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:cshperspect.a041231. [PMID: 36123034 PMCID: PMC9808581 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are the construction workers of wound healing and repair damaged tissues by producing and organizing collagen/extracellular matrix (ECM) into scar tissue. Scar tissue effectively and quickly restores the mechanical integrity of lost tissue architecture but comes at the price of lost tissue functionality. Fibrotic diseases caused by excessive or persistent myofibroblast activity can lead to organ failure. This review defines myofibroblast terminology, phenotypic characteristics, and functions. We will focus on the central role of the cell, ECM, and tissue mechanics in regulating tissue repair by controlling myofibroblast action. Additionally, we will discuss how therapies based on mechanical intervention potentially ameliorate wound healing outcomes. Although myofibroblast physiology and pathology affect all organs, we will emphasize cutaneous wound healing and hypertrophic scarring as paradigms for normal tissue repair versus fibrosis. A central message of this review is that myofibroblasts can be activated from multiple cell sources, varying with local environment and type of injury, to either restore tissue integrity and organ function or create an inappropriate mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Schuster
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Younesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
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Zhang Y, Zhu M, Xie L, Zhang H, Deng T. Identification and validation of key immune-related genes with promising diagnostic and predictive value in systemic sclerosis. Life Sci 2022; 312:121238. [PMID: 36460097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To screen and confirm key immune-related genes (IRGs) with diagnostic and predictive value in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and provide potential therapeutic targets for patients with SSc. MATERIALS AND METHODS In Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), four datasets of gene expression profiling related to SSc were downloaded and used for the analysis in this study. After differential analysis of SSc cases and controls in GSE130955, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were overlapped with IRGs to obtain the immune-related differentially expressed genes (IR-DEGs) in SSc. In addition, functional annotation and pathway enrichment of IR-DEGs were conducted. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed to identify key IR-DEGs. Using GSE58095, GSE181549 and GSE130953, the diagnostic and predictive abilities for the key IR-DEGs in SSc were validated. Finally, the screened key genes were confirmed in skin derived bleomycin (BLM)-induced SSc mice by Real-time PCR. KEY FINDINGS NGFR, TNFSF13B, FCER1G, GIMAP5, TYROBP and CSF1R may have important or very high diagnostic value for SSc. TYROBP and TNFSF13B had moderate and mild predictive value respectively in SSc patients after treatment. Real-time PCR assay further confirmed that the expressions of Ngfr, Tyrobp, Csf1r, Fcer1g and Gimap5 were significantly higher in skin of BLM-induced SSc mice than that in controls. SIGNIFICANCE The key IR-DEGs, including NGFR, TNFSF13B, TYROBP, CSF1R, FCER1G and GIMAP5, may become auxiliary diagnostic indicators and potential biomarkers for SSc. Moreover, TNFSF13B and TYROBP could have good prospects as predictive indicators in SSc patients that accepted cyclophosphamide or transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Mingxin Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Limin Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Haowei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Peng C, Tu G, Yu L, Wu P, Zhang X, Li Z, Li Z, Yu X. Murine Chronic Pancreatitis Model Induced by Partial Ligation of the Pancreatic Duct Encapsulates the Profile of Macrophage in Human Chronic Pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840887. [PMID: 35432336 PMCID: PMC9011002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are an integral part of the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Studies applying the mouse model of pancreatitis induced by partial ligation of the pancreatic duct to explore the pancreatic immune microenvironment are still lacking. The aim of the present study is to explore the macrophage profile and associated regulatory mechanisms in mouse pancreatitis, as well as the correlation with human chronic pancreatitis (CP). In the present study, the mouse model of pancreatitis was induced by partial ligation of the pancreatic duct. Mice in the acute phase were sacrificed at 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 72 h after ligation, while mice in the chronic phase were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days after ligation. We found that the pancreatic pathological score, expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated over time and peaked at 72h in the acute phase, while in the chronic phase, the degree of pancreatic fibrosis peaked at day 21 after ligation. Pancreatic M1 macrophages and pyroptotic macrophages showed a decreasing trend over time, whereas M2 macrophages gradually rose and peaked at day 21. IL-4 is involved in the development of CP and is mainly derived from pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The murine pancreatitis model constructed by partial ligation of the pancreatic duct, especially the CP model, can ideally simulate human CP caused by obstructive etiologies in terms of morphological alterations and immune microenvironment characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangping Tu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Radiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianlin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Yu, ; Zhiqiang Li,
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Yu, ; Zhiqiang Li,
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A New Treatment for Local Adiposity with Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbyl-Palmitate Solution: Clinical and Histological Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:539-540. [PMID: 34269846 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Kan X, Liu J, Cai X, Huang Y, Xu P, Fu S, Guo W, Hu G. Tartary buckwheat flavonoids relieve the tendency of mammary fibrosis induced by HFD during pregnancy and lactation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25377-25392. [PMID: 34890369 PMCID: PMC8714130 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland fibrosis is a chronic and irreversible disease. Tartary buckwheat flavonoids (TBF) are a natural product of flavonoid extracts from buckwheat and have a wide range of biological activities. The purpose of this experiment was to explore whether HFD during pregnancy and lactation induces fibrosis of the mammary tissue and whether TBF alleviates the damage caused by HFD, along with its underlying mechanism. The HFD significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MPO; significantly damaged the integrity of the blood-milk barrier; significantly increased the levels of collagen 1, vimentin and α-SMA, and reduced the level of E-cadherin. However, these effects were alleviated by TBF. Mechanistic studies showed that TBF inhibited the activation of AKT/NF-κB signaling and predicted the AKT amino acid residues that formed hydrogen bonds with TBF; in addition, these studies not only revealed that TBF promoted the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJs) claudin-3, occludin and ZO-1 and inhibited the activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling but also predicted the Smad MH2 amino acid residues that formed hydrogen bonds with TBF. Conclusion: HFD consumption during pregnancy and lactation induced the tendency of mammary fibrosis. TBF alleviated the tendency of mammary fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of AKT/NF-κB, repairing the blood-milk barrier and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Kan
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyu Cai
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Cao W, Song S, Fang G, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang QS. Cadherin-11 Deficiency Attenuates Ang-II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis and Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2897-2911. [PMID: 34239314 PMCID: PMC8259948 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s306073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrosis serves as a disease initiating mechanism in the development of atrial fibrillation. Angiotensin II (Ang-II), a key mediator for atrial fibrosis, aberrantly activates atrial fibroblasts (AFs) into myofibroblasts, resulting in subsequent excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Cadherin-11 (CDH11) is essential in the development of non-cardiac fibrotic diseases. In this study, we investigated its role in the pathogenesis and underlying mechanism of atrial fibrillation. Methods We obtained left atrial tissues from either patients with atrial fibrillation or Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis mice. We utilized a global CDH11 knockout mouse (CDH11-/-) model to determine the effect of CDH11 on AF cell proliferation, migration, ECM synthesis/deposition. RNA-Seq of isolated AFs from CDH11-/- or normal mice was performed and differential expressed genes were analyzed. The mouse susceptibility to atrial fibrillation was examined by cardiac electrophysiology. Results We found that cadherin-11 was significantly up-regulated in fibrotic atrial tissue from patients with atrial fibrillation and Ang-II-induced mice. Both normal and CDH11-/- mice did not develop atrial fibrosis at resting state. However, after Ang-II infusion, unlike severe atrial fibrosis occurred in normal mice, CDH11-/- mice displayed a reduced atrial fibrosis. Atrial fibroblasts with CDH11 deletion from CDH11-/- mice showed reduction in Ang-II-induced cell proliferation, migration and ECM synthesis/deposition, indicating the involvement of CDH11 in atrial fibrosis. Consistently, RNA-Seq of CDH11-null AFs uncovered significant decrease in pro-fibrotic gene expression. In addition, we identified reduction of transcripts associated with Smad2/3, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Further, CDH11-/- mice showed a significantly attenuated Ang-II-induced susceptibility to atrial fibrillation. Conclusion Our results indicate that CDH11 potentiates Ang-II-induced activation of AFs. The pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis is through CDH11 mediated stimulation of Smad2/3, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Thus, CDH11 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for ameliorating the development of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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11
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Guimarães GR, Almeida PP, de Oliveira Santos L, Rodrigues LP, de Carvalho JL, Boroni M. Hallmarks of Aging in Macrophages: Consequences to Skin Inflammaging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061323. [PMID: 34073434 PMCID: PMC8228751 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is our largest organ and the outermost protective barrier. Its aging reflects both intrinsic and extrinsic processes resulting from the constant insults it is exposed to. Aging in the skin is accompanied by specific epigenetic modifications, accumulation of senescent cells, reduced cellular proliferation/tissue renewal, altered extracellular matrix, and a proinflammatory environment favoring undesirable conditions, including disease onset. Macrophages (Mφ) are the most abundant immune cell type in the skin and comprise a group of heterogeneous and plastic cells that are key for skin homeostasis and host defense. However, they have also been implicated in orchestrating chronic inflammation during aging. Since Mφ are related to innate and adaptive immunity, it is possible that age-modified skin Mφ promote adaptive immunity exacerbation and exhaustion, favoring the emergence of proinflammatory pathologies, such as skin cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent findings pertaining to the effects of aging hallmarks over Mφ, supporting the recognition of such cell types as a driving force in skin inflammaging and age-related diseases. We will also present recent research targeting Mφ as potential therapeutic interventions in inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rapozo Guimarães
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
| | - Palloma Porto Almeida
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
| | - Leane Perim Rodrigues
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70790-160, Brazil; (L.P.R.); (J.L.d.C.)
| | - Juliana Lott de Carvalho
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70790-160, Brazil; (L.P.R.); (J.L.d.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (G.R.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.d.O.S.)
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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12
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Schuster R, Rockel JS, Kapoor M, Hinz B. The inflammatory speech of fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:126-146. [PMID: 33987902 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of fibroblasts is a key event during normal tissue repair after injury and the dysregulated repair processes that result in organ fibrosis. To most researchers, fibroblasts are rather unremarkable spindle-shaped cells embedded in the fibrous collagen matrix of connective tissues and/or deemed useful to perform mechanistic studies with adherent cells in culture. For more than a century, fibroblasts escaped thorough classification due to the lack of specific markers and were treated as the leftovers after all other cells have been identified from a tissue sample. With novel cell lineage tracing and single cell transcriptomics tools, bona fide fibroblasts emerge as only one heterogeneous sub-population of a much larger group of partly overlapping cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, pericytes, and/or perivascular cells. All these cells are activated to contribute to tissue repair after injury and/or chronic inflammation. "Activation" can entail various functions, such as enhanced proliferation, migration, instruction of inflammatory cells, secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and organizing enzymes, and acquisition of a contractile myofibroblast phenotype. We provide our view on the fibroblastic cell types and activation states playing a role during physiological and pathological repair and their crosstalk with inflammatory macrophages. Inflammation and fibrosis of the articular synovium during rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are used as specific examples to discuss inflammatory fibroblast phenotypes. Ultimately, delineating the precursors and functional roles of activated fibroblastic cells will contribute to better and more specific intervention strategies to treat fibroproliferative and fibrocontractive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Schuster
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,PhenomicAI, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason S Rockel
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Qian J, Gong ZC, Zhang YN, Wu HH, Zhao J, Wang LT, Ye LJ, Liu D, Wang W, Kang X, Sheng J, Xu W, Liu XL, Wu J, Zheng W. Lactic acid promotes metastatic niche formation in bone metastasis of colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:9. [PMID: 33478523 PMCID: PMC7818572 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of lactic acid (LA) on the progression of bone metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) and its regulatory effects on primary CD115 (+) osteoclast (OC) precursors. METHODS The BrdU assay, Annexin-V/PI assay, TRAP staining and immunofluorescence were performed to explore the effect of LA on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of OC precursors in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was performed to sort primary osteoclast precursors and CD4(+) T cells and to analyze the change in the expression of target proteins in osteoclast precursors. A recruitment assay was used to test how LA and Cadhein-11 regulate the recruitment of OC precursors. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the changes in the mRNA and protein expression of genes related to the PI3K-AKT pathway and profibrotic genes. Safranin O-fast green staining, H&E staining and TRAP staining were performed to analyze the severity of bone resorption and accumulation of osteoclasts. RESULTS LA promoted the expression of CXCL10 and Cadherin-11 in CD115(+) precursors through the PI3K-AKT pathway. We found that CXCL10 and Cadherin-11 were regulated by the activation of CREB and mTOR, respectively. LA-induced overexpression of CXCL10 in CD115(+) precursors indirectly promoted the differentiation of osteoclast precursors through the recruitment of CD4(+) T cells, and the crosstalk between these two cells promoted bone resorption in bone metastasis from CRC. On the other hand, Cadherin-11 mediated the adhesion between osteoclast precursors and upregulated the production of specific collagens, especially Collagen 5, which facilitated fibrotic changes in the tumor microenvironment. Blockade of the PI3K-AKT pathway efficiently prevented the progression of bone metastasis caused by lactate. CONCLUSION LA promoted metastatic niche formation in the tumor microenvironment through the PI3K-AKT pathway. Our study provides new insight into the role of LA in the progression of bone metastasis from CRC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, North Section 1 No.111, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-chen Gong
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, North Section 1 No.111, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-na Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-ting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-juan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-lin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, North Section 1 No.111, Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue No. 270, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Fang G, Cao W, Chen L, Song S, Li Y, Yuan J, Fei Y, Ge Z, Chen Y, Zhou L, Xiao Y, Wan Y, Wang Y, Wang Q. Cadherin-11 deficiency mitigates high-fat diet-induced inflammatory atrial remodeling and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5725-5741. [PMID: 33452701 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia nowadays. The occurrence of AF is closely associated with obesity. Cadherin-11 (Cad-11), as a member of the cadherin family, can make a contribution to diet-induced obesity and it will be informative to know whether Cad-11 exerts its effects on atrial remodeling and AF vulnerability in a diet-induced obesity model. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of Cad-11 was significantly upregulated in the left atrium of AF patients with obesity and mice following 16 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Further confirmed that Cad-11 could regulate the activity of atrial fibroblasts by participating in inducing proinflammatory cytokines production. At animal levels, we found that although there was a lack of statistical difference in body weight, Cad-11-/- mice could markedly improve impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia. Adverse atrial structural remodeling, including atrial enlargement, inflammation, and fibrosis provoked by HFD feeding were mitigated in Cad-11-/- mice. Mechanistically, Cad-11 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB for interleukin-6 production in atrial fibroblasts that may contribute to the atrial fibrosis process in obesity-related AF, suggesting Cad-11 might be a new therapeutic target for obesity-related AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuowang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Doskaliuk B, Zaiats L, Yatsyshyn R, Gerych P, Cherniuk N, Zimba O. Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis: exploring cellular, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:1555-1569. [PMID: 32715342 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by immune inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. There are still numerous uncertainties in the understanding of disease initiation and progression. Pulmonary involvement in SSc, and particularly pulmonary fibrosis, is critical for all organ systems affections in this disease. This review is aimed to describe and analyze new findings in the pathophysiology of SSc-associated pulmonary involvement and to explore perspective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A myriad of cellular interactions is explored in the dynamics of progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in SSc. The role of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies is examined and the impact of micro and long non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification in SSc is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdana Doskaliuk
- Academician Ye. M. Neiko Department of Internal Medicine #1, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Halytska Str. 2, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine.
| | - Liubomyr Zaiats
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Halytska Str. 2, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine
| | - Roman Yatsyshyn
- Academician Ye. M. Neiko Department of Internal Medicine #1, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Petro Gerych
- Academician Ye. M. Neiko Department of Internal Medicine #1, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Cherniuk
- Academician Ye. M. Neiko Department of Internal Medicine #1, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Olena Zimba
- Department of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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16
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Pakshir P, Noskovicova N, Lodyga M, Son DO, Schuster R, Goodwin A, Karvonen H, Hinz B. The myofibroblast at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/13/jcs227900. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.227900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In 1971, Gabbiani and co-workers discovered and characterized the “modification of fibroblasts into cells which are capable of an active spasm” (contraction) in rat wound granulation tissue and, accordingly, named these cells ‘myofibroblasts’. Now, myofibroblasts are not only recognized for their physiological role in tissue repair but also as cells that are key in promoting the development of fibrosis in all organs. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of the current understanding of central aspects of myofibroblast biology, such as their definition, activation from different precursors, the involved signaling pathways and most widely used models to study their function. Myofibroblasts will be placed into context with their extracellular matrix and with other cell types communicating in the fibrotic environment. Furthermore, the challenges and strategies to target myofibroblasts in anti-fibrotic therapies are summarized to emphasize their crucial role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Pakshir
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Nina Noskovicova
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Monika Lodyga
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Dong Ok Son
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Ronen Schuster
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Amanda Goodwin
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Henna Karvonen
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Respiratory Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 20, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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17
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Evdokiou A, Kanisicak O, Gierek S, Barry A, Ivey MJ, Zhang X, Bodnar RJ, Satish L. Characterization of Burn Eschar Pericytes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020606. [PMID: 32102389 PMCID: PMC7074206 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are cells that reside adjacent to microvasculature and regulate vascular function. Pericytes gained great interest in the field of wound healing and regenerative medicine due to their multipotential fate and ability to enhance angiogenesis. In burn wounds, scarring and scar contractures are the major pathologic feature and cause loss of mobility. The present study investigated the influence of burn wound environment on pericytes during wound healing. Pericytes isolated from normal skin and tangentially excised burn eschar tissues were analyzed for differences in gene and protein expression using RNA-seq., immunocytochemistry, and ELISA analyses. RNA-seq identified 443 differentially expressed genes between normal- and burn eschar-derived pericytes. Whereas, comparing normal skin pericytes to normal skin fibroblasts identified 1021 distinct genes and comparing burn eschar pericytes to normal skin fibroblasts identified 2449 differential genes. Altogether, forkhead box E1 (FOXE1), a transcription factor, was identified as a unique marker for skin pericytes. Interestingly, FOXE1 levels were significantly elevated in burn eschar pericytes compared to normal. Additionally, burn wound pericytes showed increased expression of profibrotic genes periostin, fibronectin, and endosialin and a gain in contractile function, suggesting a contribution to scarring and fibrosis. Our findings suggest that the burn wound environment promotes pericytes to differentiate into a myofibroblast-like phenotype promoting scar formation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Evdokiou
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Research Department, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.E.); (S.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA; (O.K.); (M.J.I.)
| | - Stephanie Gierek
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Research Department, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.E.); (S.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Amanda Barry
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Research Department, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.E.); (S.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Malina J. Ivey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA; (O.K.); (M.J.I.)
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Genomics, Epigenomics and Sequencing Core, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Richard J. Bodnar
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University Dr. C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA;
| | - Latha Satish
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Research Department, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.E.); (S.G.); (A.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA; (O.K.); (M.J.I.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-513-872-6278
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