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Sun X, Han Z, Cao D, Han C, Xie M, Zeng X, Dong Q. Finite Element Analysis of Six Internal Fixations in the Treatment of Pauwels Type III Femoral Neck Fracture. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:1695-1709. [PMID: 38747083 PMCID: PMC11216836 DOI: 10.1111/os.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current investigation sought to utilize finite element analysis to replicate the biomechanical effects of different fixation methods, with the objective of establishing a theoretical framework for the optimal choice of modalities in managing Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures. METHODS The Pauwels type III fracture configuration, characterized by angles of 70°, was simulated in conjunction with six distinct internal fixation methods, including cannulated compression screw (CCS), dynamic hip screw (DHS), DHS with de-rotational screw (DS), CCS with medial buttress plate (MBP), proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA), and femoral neck system (FNS). These models were developed and refined using Geomagic and SolidWorks software. Subsequently, finite element analysis was conducted utilizing Ansys software, incorporating axial loading, torsional loading, yield loading and cyclic loading. RESULTS Under axial loading conditions, the peak stress values for internal fixation and the femur were found to be highest for CCS (454.4; 215.4 MPa) and CCS + MBP (797.2; 284.2 MPa), respectively. The corresponding maximum and minimum displacements for internal fixation were recorded as 6.65 mm for CCS and 6.44 mm for CCS + MBP. When subjected to torsional loading, the peak stress values for internal fixation were highest for CCS + MBP (153.6 MPa) and DHS + DS (72.8 MPa), while for the femur, the maximum and minimum peak stress values were observed for CCS + MBP (119.3 MPa) and FNS (17.6 MPa), respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum displacements for internal fixation were measured as 0.249 mm for CCS + MBP and 0.205 mm for PFNA. Additionally, all six internal fixation models showed excellent performance in terms of yield load and fatigue life. CONCLUSION CCS + MBP had the best initial mechanical stability in treatment for Pauwels type III fracture. However, the MBP was found to be more susceptible to shear stress, potentially increasing the risk of plate breakage. Furthermore, the DHS + DS exhibited superior biomechanical stability compared to CCS, DHS, and PFNA, thereby offering a more conducive environment for fracture healing. Additionally, it appeared that FNS represented a promising treatment strategy, warranting further validation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Hip TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Hip TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Hip TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Mengqi Xie
- Department of Hip TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xiantie Zeng
- Department of Foot and Ankle SurgeryTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Hip TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
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Zhao G, Chen W, Wu J, Ma T, Wang S, Wei Y, Xia J, Huang G. Treatment of old femoral neck fractures in young adults with a medial buttress plate combined with three cannulated screws and iliac autograft: Surgical technique and preliminary results. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2024; 110:103853. [PMID: 38428485 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2024.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether the application of MBP plus cannulated screws works for old femoral neck fractures (OFNF) is unknown. The purpose of this study is to present a case series of OFNF in young adults using calcar buttress plate and three cannulated screws with autologous iliac bone grafts. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of eleven young patients (6 males and 5 females) with femoral neck fractures who were treated with open reduction and internal fixation at a single center between 2013 and 2021. The subjects had trauma-to-surgery intervals longer than 3weeks and all were fixed with a calcar buttress plate combined with three cannulated screws, which were supplemented by autologous iliac bone grafts. RESULTS All eleven cases achieved radiological union under the surgery technique, which occurred on average at 4.46±1.29months after surgery. Complications included femoral neck shortening in all cases, heterotopic ossification in three cases, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head in two cases. One patient with osteonecrosis of the femoral head received total hip arthroplasty. In follow-ups of 24-52months, the median Harris hip score was 81.64±15.39. CONCLUSIONS The medial buttress plate in combination with three cannulated screws and iliac autograft may be a good choice for treating old femoral neck fractures in young adults. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Branch of Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 518th Jingpohu Road, Bao'shan District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Branch of Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 518th Jingpohu Road, Bao'shan District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibing Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangyong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Branch of Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 518th Jingpohu Road, Bao'shan District, Shanghai, China; Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai, China.
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Koraman E, Iyetin Y, Ozyaman O, Akyurek M. A biomechanical comparison of three fixation methods for unstable femoral neck fractures with medial calcar defect. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:614. [PMID: 37608280 PMCID: PMC10463443 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unstable femoral neck fractures with medial calcar defects are difficult to manage. The optimal fixation methods for these fractures have been a subject of ongoing debate among orthopedic surgeons. In this study, three different fixation techniques for vertical, medial defected femoral neck fractures were compared. METHODS In this study, a biomechanical analysis was conducted to compare three fixation methods: cannulated screws (Group 1), cannulated screws combined with a medial buttress plate (Group 2), and intramedullary nails (Group 3). Synthetic composite bone models representing vertical collum femoris fractures with medial calcar defects were used. Each group consisted of seven specimens, and, to maintain consistency, a single surgeon performed the surgical procedure. Biomechanical testing involved subjecting the specimens to axial loading until failure, and the load to failure, stiffness, and displacement values were recorded. Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test were used for comparisons. RESULTS The difference in the load to failure values was statistically significant among the groups, with Group 2 exhibiting the highest load to failure value, followed by Group 3 and Group 1. Stiffness values were significantly higher in Group 2 than in the other groups. Displacement values were not significantly different between the groups. Fracture and displacement patterns at the point of failure varied across the groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that fixation with a medial buttress plate in combination with cannulated screws provides additional biomechanical stability for vertical femoral neck fractures with medial calcar defects. Intramedullary nail fixation also demonstrated durable stability in these fractures. These findings can be used to better understand current management strategies for these challenging fractures to promote the identification of better evidence-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Koraman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University Kadikoy Florence Nightingale Hospital, Feneryolu Mah, Bagdat Cad. No: 63, Kiziltoprak/Kadikoy/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Iyetin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Pendik Bolge Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozyaman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Prof. Dr Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhlik Akyurek
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Maria-Josef Hospital, Greven, Germany
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Sun X, Yi G, Ao L, Zhou X, Zhang T, Guan TY. Effect analysis of medial bracing plate combined with cannulated screw in unstable femoral neck fracture assisted by surgical hip dislocation: a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:498. [PMID: 37452375 PMCID: PMC10347755 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unstable femoral neck fractures have a high likelihood of causing severe disruption to the blood supply. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of surgical hip dislocation using a medial support plate combined with cannulated screw fixation for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged adults. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 68 young adults who underwent internal fixation of unstable femoral neck fractures. The observation group included 32 patients who had received medial support plate and cannulated screw fixation by the surgical hip dislocation method and 36 patients who had undergone anti-rotation screw composite compression system fixation comprised the comparison group. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, surgery duration, fracture recovery time and complications were recorded. The degree of femoral neck shortening and Garden index were assessed using the Zlowodzki method. Additionally, hip functionality was evaluated using the Harris score at 3 and 6 months and at the last follow-up. RESULTS All 68 patients in both groups were followed up for 12-42 months (mean, 22.4 months). The postoperative incision was well-aligned and no inflation was observed. The intraoperative blood loss and surgery duration in the comparison group were longer than those in the observation. Additionally, the observation group had a significantly shorter fracture recovery time and a higher Garden index than the comparison at 6 months postoperatively; however, there was no significant statistical discrepancy between the two groups at the remaining time points. The observation group had higher Harris scores than the comparison at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Surgical hip dislocation applied to the medial support plate combined with cannulated screw fixation has clinical application value in restoring the stability of femoral neck fractures while facilitating the maintenance of blood flow to the femoral head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College Of Integration Of Traditional Chinese And Western Medicine To Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tai-Yuan Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Femoral neck fracture in a young person - ORIF but do we use a medial buttress plate as well on the femoral neck?: OTG 23. Injury 2022; 53:3867-3868. [PMID: 36270816 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fan ZY, Shu LY, Jin YZ, Sherrier MC, Yin BH, Liu CJ, Zhan S, Sun H, Zhang W. Biomechanical evaluation of compression buttress screw and medial plate fixation for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures. Injury 2022; 53:3887-3893. [PMID: 36195517 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the biomechanical properties of compression buttress screw (CBS) fixation with three plate fixation methods for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures (FNFs). METHODS A total of forty synthetic femoral models with simulated Pauwels type III fractures (angle of 70°) were equally assigned to one of four fixation groups: CBS fixation, anteromedial plate fixation (AMP), medial buttress plate fixation (MBP) and medial buttress plate fixation without proximal screw (MBPw). Within each group, half of the specimens were randomly assigned to two loading settings, an axial compression loading test and a hip-flexion torsion test. RESULTS There were no significant differences in axial load to failure, axial stiffness, torsional strength, or torsional stiffness when comparing CBS with MBP (p>0.05). In the axial compression loading test, both CBS and MBP showed higher load to failure and axial stiffness than MBPw (p<0.05). In torsional testing, AMP exhibited superior torsional strength and torsional stiffness than both MBPw and MBP (all p<0.05) and a higher torsional strength than CBS fixation (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in torsional stiffness between the CBS and AMP fixation groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The biomechanical parameters of CBS fixation are comparable to that of AMP and MBP, and demonstrate superior axial stiffness than MBPw fixation. Although the CBS method for surgical fixation of vertical FNF holds promise as a less invasive surgical technique than plate fixation with similar biomechanical assessments, further clinical evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lin-Yuan Shu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ying-Zhe Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Matthew C Sherrier
- Department of Orthopaedic and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States of America
| | - Bo-Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chen-Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shi Zhan
- Orthopaedic Biomechanical Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Augmented reality (AR) and fracture mapping model on middle-aged femoral neck fracture: A proof-of-concept towards interactive visualization. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Teng Y, Zhang Y, Guo C. Finite element analysis of femoral neck system in the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29450. [PMID: 35839002 PMCID: PMC11132412 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal treatment strategy for femoral neck fractures remained controversial, especially the Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture of young patients was a challenge. Femoral neck system (FNS) was a newly developed internal fixation for treating femoral neck fracture and this study aimed to compare the biomechanical advantages and disadvantages between FNS and 3 cannulated configuration screws (CCS) with or without an additional medial buttress plate (MBP). In this study, Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture model with an angle of 70° was constructed and 3 different fixation models, FNS, CCS + MBP, CCS alone, were developed. A vertical force of 2100N was applied on the femoral head, then the maximum von Mises stress of whole model, distal femur, femoral head, and internal fixation was recorded, as well as the stress distribution of whole model, proximal fracture section, and internal fixation of the 3 models. Moreover, the maximum displacement of the whole model, distal femur, femoral head, internal fixation, and the relative displacement of the proximal and distal portion was also compared. The maximum von Mises stress value was 318.302 MPa in FNS, 485.226 MPa in CCS + 1/3 plate, and 425.889 MPa in CCS. The FNS showed lowest maximum von Mises stress values in distal part, femoral head, and internal implant. All fixation configurations were observed stress concentrated at the posteroinferior area of cross-section of femoral head and at the fracture section area of implant; however, FNS had more uniform stress distribution. For displacement, the maximum displacement value was 8.5446 mm in FNS, 8.2863 mm in CCS + 1/3 plate, and 8.3590 mm in CCS. However, FNS had higher maximum displacement in femoral head and internal implant, but lower maximum displacement in the distal part of fracture model. The FNS represented a significantly higher relative displacement between the femoral head and distal femur when compared with the other 2 fixation configurations. The newly developed FNS could achieve the dual effect of angular stability and sliding compression for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures, which provided superior biomechanical stability than CCS alone and CCS with additional MBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Teng
- Yanbin Teng, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong province, People’s Republic of China, Yan Zhang, Department of Nephrology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yanbin Teng, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong province, People’s Republic of China, Yan Zhang, Department of Nephrology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaowei Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Huang ZY, Su YH, Huang ZP, Wang YB, Du GC, Huang YP, Chen G, Xu C, Zhu QA. Medial Buttress Plate and Allograft Bone-Assisted Cannulated Screw Fixation for Unstable Femoral Neck Fracture with Posteromedial Comminution: A Retrospective Controlled Study. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:911-918. [PMID: 35445587 PMCID: PMC9087460 DOI: 10.1111/os.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation combined with medial buttress plate (MBP) and allograft bone‐assisted cannulated screw (CS) fixation for patients with unstable femoral neck fracture with comminuted posteromedial cortex. Methods In a retrospective study of patients operated on for unstable femoral neck fractures with comminuted posteromedial cortex from March 2016 to August 2020, the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 48 patients treated with CS + MBP were compared with the outcomes of 54 patients treated with CS only. All patients in the CS + MBP group were fixed by three CS and MBP (one‐third tubular plates or reconstructive plates) with bone allografts. The surgery‐related outcomes and complications were evaluated, including operative time, blood loss, union time, femoral head necrosis, femoral neck shortening, and other complications after the operation. The Harris score was evaluated at 12 months after the operation. Results All patients were followed up for 12–40 months. The average age of patients in the CS‐only group (54 cases, 22 females) and CS + MBP group (48 cases, 20 females) was 48.46 ± 7.26 and 48.73 ± 6.38 years, respectively. More intraoperative blood loss was observed in the CS + MBP group than that of patients in CS‐only group (153.45 ± 64.27 vs 21.86 ± 18.19 ml, t = 4.058, P = 0.015). The average operative time for patients in the CS + MBP group (75.35 ± 27.67 min) was almost double than that of patients in the CS‐only group (36.87 ± 15.39 min) (t = 2.455, P < 0.001). The Garden alignment index of patients treated by CS + MBP from type I to type IV was 79%, 19%, 2%, and 0%, respectively. On the contrary, they were 31%, 43%, 24% and 2% for those in the CS‐only group, respectively. The average healing times for the CS‐only and CS + MBP groups were 4.34 ± 1.46 and 3.65 ± 1.85 months (t = 1.650, P = 0.102), respectively. Femoral neck shortening was better in the CS + MBP group (1.40 ± 1.73 mm, 9/19) than that in the CS‐only group (4.33 ± 3.32 mm, 24/44). Significantly higher hip function was found in the CS + MBP group (85.60 ± 4.36 vs 82.47 ± 6.33, t = 1.899, P = 0.06). There was no statistical difference between femoral head necrosis (4% vs 11%, χ2 = 1.695, P = 0.193) and nonunion (6% vs 9%, χ2 = 0.318, P = 0.719). Conclusion For unstable femoral neck fractures with comminuted posteromedial cortex, additional MBP combined with bone allografts showed better reduction quality and neck length control than CS fixation only, with longer operative time and more blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yuan Huang
- Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The 73st Group Army Hospital of PLA (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Hui Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 73st Group Army Hospital of PLA (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Huang
- Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bei Wang
- Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Cheng Du
- Department of Anatomy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Peng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 73st Group Army Hospital of PLA (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 73st Group Army Hospital of PLA (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 73st Group Army Hospital of PLA (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-An Zhu
- Nan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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[Effectiveness analysis of medial buttress plate augmented hollow lag screws fixation in combination with sartorius pedicled iliac flap for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2022; 36:163-169. [PMID: 35172400 PMCID: PMC8863533 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of medial buttress plate augmented hollow lag screws fixation in combination with sartorius pedicled iliac flap for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. METHODS The clinical data of 11 young adult patients with femoral neck fractures between February 2013 and February 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 7 males and 4 females with a mean age of 45 years (range, 32-58 years). Fractures were caused by falling from height in 6 cases, by traffic accident in 4 cases, and by sports injury in 1 case. There were 7 cases in the left hip and 4 cases in the right hip. The mean Pauwels angle was 64° (range, 55°-75°). All patients were treated by medial buttress plate augmented hollow lag screws fixation and sartorius pedicled iliac flap. The X-ray film of pelvis, lateral X-ray film of hip joint, CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction of hip joint were taken after operation to assess fracture healing and position of the internal fixators. The postoperative hip function was evaluated according to the Harris score. RESULTS All the incisions healed by first intention, and no complication such as incision infection and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury happened. Re-examination on the second day after operation showed that reduction and fixation of fractures was good. All patients were followed up 18-36 months (mean, 29 months). All fractures achieved bony union. The time of bony union was 16-23 weeks, with an average of 18.2 weeks. One patient (9.1%) got osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) at 30 months after operation. At last follow-up, Harris score was used to evaluate hip joint function, 9 cases were excellent, 1 case was good, 1 case was fair, and the excellent and good rate was 90.9%. CONCLUSION Medial buttress plate augmented hollow lag screws fixation in combination with sartorius pedicled iliac flap for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults has the advantage of strong biomechanical stability and can effectively improve the blood supply of femoral head and neck, which subsequently reduce the incidence of ONFH. However, the surgical indication should be fully considered.
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Ma C, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen L, Huang J, Luo X, Xie Z. The role of the medial buttress plate in the treatment of Pauwels type II and III femoral neck fracture in nonelderly patients: a retrospective study and preliminary results. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:100. [PMID: 35101030 PMCID: PMC8802514 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of multiple cannulated screws combined with medial buttress plate or not for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fracture in nonelderly patients. Methods Sixty-nine nonelderly patients with Garden type III-IV femoral neck fracture were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into MCS (multiple cannulated screws) group and CMBP (combined with medial buttress plate) group according to the surgical method. Patient’s demographic data, Harris Hip Score, EQ-5D index and complications at a minimum of 2 years follow-up were analyzed. Results There were 47 patients in the MCS group (35 male and 12 females) with a mean age of 40.28 ± 12.64 years, whereas 22 patients in the CMBP group (17 male and 5 females) with a mean age of 43.86 ± 12.55 years. In the MCS group, there were 1 (2.1%) avascular necrosis, 5 (10.6%) postoperative nonunion, 5 (10.6%) implant failure, and 2 (4.3%) femoral neck shortening. While 1 (4.5%) implant failure, 2 (9.1%) postoperative nonunion and 2 (9.1%) impingement in the CMBP group. For patients with Pauwels type II and III femoral neck fracture, the CMBP group had higher HHS scores at 3 months after surgery than the MCS group (P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistical significance at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years (P > 0.05). The same results were found in the EQ-5D index. Conclusions In our cohort, we observed better outcomes in the CMBP group at 3 and 6 months, with later results similar between groups. However, there were fewer complications in the CMBP group, without obviously blood-supply disruption, especially in Pauwels type II and III. Further, anatomic reduction and stable fixation may contribute to satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of nonelderly displaced femoral neck fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanshi Liu
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefeng Luo
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zengru Xie
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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He C, Lu Y, Wang Q, Ren C, Li M, Yang M, Xu Y, Li Z, Zhang K, Ma T. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of a femoral neck system versus cannulated screws in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:994. [PMID: 34844578 PMCID: PMC8630835 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the clinical efficacy of a femoral neck system (FNS) and cannulated screws (CS) in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults. METHODS Data from 69 young adults, who were admitted for femoral neck fracture between March 2018 and June 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to surgical method: FNS and CS. The number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, operative duration, length of hospital stay, fracture healing time, Harris score of hip function, excellent and good rate of hip function, and postoperative complications (infection, cut out the internal fixation, nail withdrawal, and femoral neck shortening) were compared between the two groups. Hip joint function was evaluated using the Harris Hip Scoring system. RESULTS All 69 patients had satisfactory reduction and were followed up for 12-24 months, with a mean follow-up of 16.91 ± 3.01 months. Mean time to fracture healing was13.82 ± 1.59 and 14.03 ± 1.78 weeks in the FNS and CS groups, respectively. There was a statistical difference in the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies between the 2 groups (P = 0.000). There were no significant differences, in operation duration, hospital length of stay, fracture healing time, complications, Harris Hip Score for hip function and excellent and good rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of complications was 6.1%(2/33) in the FNS group lower than 25%(9/36) in the CS group, a difference that was statistically significant (P = 0.032). At the last follow-up, the Harris Hip Score of the hip joint in the FNS group was 90.42 ± 4.82and 88.44 ± 5.91 in the CS group. CONCLUSIONS Both treatment methods resulted in higher rates of fracture healing and excellent hip function. Compared with CS, the FNS reduced the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, radiation exposure to medical staff and patients, and short-term complications including femoral neck shortening and bone nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China.,Yan'an University, Yan'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Cheng Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China.,Yan'an University, Yan'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yibo Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555Youyi East Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaan'xi Province, China.
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13
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Su Y, Wang B, Chen R, Chen X, Wang G, Huang Y, Huang J, Liu H, Huang Z. [Treatment of unstable femoral neck fracture with posteromedial comminutations by cannulated screws and medial bracing plate combined with bone allograft]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:1434-1439. [PMID: 34779170 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of unstable femoral neck fracture with posteromedial comminutations treated by cannulated screws and medial bracing plate combined with bone allograft. Methods The clinical data of 18 patients with unstable femoral neck fracture with posteromedial comminutations treated by cannulated screws and medial bracing plate combined with bone allograft between July 2016 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The age ranged from 22 to 64 years, with a median age of 43 years. The causes of injury included 11 cases of falling injury, 3 cases of traffic accident injury, and 4 cases of fall from height injury. According to Garden classification, the femoral neck fracture was classified as type Ⅲ in 3 cases, type Ⅳ in 15 cases, and all patients were type Ⅲ according to Pauwels classification. The time from injury to operation was 1-5 days, with an average of 2.3 days. The fracture healing time and complications were recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Garden index immediately after operation; at last follow-up, the degree of femoral neck shortening was determined by Zlowodzki method, Harris score was used to evaluate hip function. Results The operation time was 62-98 minutes (mean, 75 minutes); intraoperative blood loss was 101-220 mL (mean, 153 mL). Cannulated screws guide wire was inserted 3-5 times (mean, 4 times). Intraoperative fluoroscopy was performed 9-21 times (mean, 15 times). The hospital stay was 5-11 days (mean, 7.2 days). All the patients were followed up 12-40 months with an average of 17.3 months. There was no postoperative complication such as accumulated pneumonia, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, nail cutting, nail withdrawal, internal fixation fracture, and so on. There was no fracture nonunion and osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the follow-up; the fracture healing time was 7-15 weeks, with an average of 12.1 weeks. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated immediately after operation, the results were grade Ⅰ in 15 cases and grade Ⅱ in 3 cases. At last follow-up, there were 2 cases with femoral neck shortening less than 5 mm and 1 case with 5-10 mm. The incidence of femoral neck shortening was 16.7%. The Harris score of hip joint was 73-97, with an average of 93.5; among them, 12 cases were rated as excellent, 3 cases as good, and 3 cases as fair, with an excellent and good rate of 83.3%. Conclusion For the treatment of unstable femoral neck fracture with posteromedial comminutations, cannulated screws and medial bracing plate combined with bone allograft are dramatically effective due to earlier weight bearing, faster fracture healing, and better hip function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Ruisong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Guangze Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Yanpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Haoyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
| | - Zheyuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of the 73rd Group Army (Key Orthopaedic Specialties Specialties of Xiamen City 2015347), Xiamen Fujian, 361000, P.R.China
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Xia Y, Zhang W, Hu H, Yan L, Zhan S, Wang J. Biomechanical study of two alternative methods for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures - A finite element analysis. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 211:106409. [PMID: 34560605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No consensus has been reached for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures (vFNFs). Recently, two alternative methods were invented to treat vFNFs, one of which is a new plate with a sliding groove, which was designed as a substitution of the medial buttress locking plate to combine with cannulated compression screws (CCS) for reducing the breakage possibility of the proximal locking screw during the bone healing. Another one is the femoral neck system (FNS), which was believed with biomechanical superiority. This study aims to compare the biomechanics of these two new implants with three previous methods via finite element analysis (FEA) to validate whether they are suitable for the treatment of vFNFs. METHODS Five 70-degree Pauwels type III transcervical FNFs (vFNFs, AO/OTA 31B2.3r) models were built and fixed by CCS augmented with the newly designed sliding groove buttress plate (CCS+BS) and FNS. For comparison, models fixed by three parallel cannulated compression screws (CCS), biplane double-supported screw fixation (BDSF), CCS augmented with a medial buttress locking plate (CCS+BL) were also built. A 2100N load was applied along with the mechanical axis. Parameters of the maximal stress as well as the maximal displacement of the implants and bone, the maximal relative displacement of interfragments, and the stiffness, were analyzed to compare the biomechanical characteristics of the five models. RESULTS CCS+BS and CCS+BL showed stronger fixation strength with improved stiffness (1012.05N/mm, 1092.04N/mm), reduced maximal displacement of the implants (1.976mm, 1.838mm) and bone (2.075mm, 1.923mm), when compared with CCS (925.11N/mm, 2.158mm and 2.270mm) and BDSF (842.36N/mm, 2.299mm and 2.493mm). While FNS showed the weakest stiffness (593.22N/mm) and largest maximal displacement of the implants (3.234mm) and bone (3.540mm) among the five models. CONCLUSIONS CCS+BS has a better biomechanical performance than CCS and BDSF, which offers a new choice to deal with vFNFs. The construction stability of FNS is weaker than CCS, BDSF, and CCS+BL, indicating that this method may not as stable as reported in the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Xia
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shi Zhan
- Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Patterson JT, Ishii K, Tornetta P, Leighton RK, Friess DM, Jones CB, Levine A, Maclean JJ, Miclau T, Mullis BH, Obremskey WT, Ostrum RF, Reid JS, Ruder JA, Saleh A, Schmidt AH, Teague DC, Tsismenakis A, Westberg JR, Morshed S. Smith-Petersen Versus Watson-Jones Approach Does Not Affect Quality of Open Reduction of Femoral Neck Fracture. J Orthop Trauma 2021; 35:517-522. [PMID: 34510125 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare immediate quality of open reduction of femoral neck fractures by alternative surgical approaches. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Twelve Level 1 North American trauma centers. PATIENTS Eighty adults 18-65 years of age with isolated, displaced, OTA/AO type 31-B2 or -B3 femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation. INTERVENTION Thirty-two modified Smith-Petersen anterior approaches versus 48 Watson-Jones anterolateral approaches for open reduction performed by fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons. MAIN OUTCOME Reduction quality as assessed by 3 senior orthopaedic traumatologists as "acceptable" or "unacceptable" on AP and lateral postoperative radiographs. RESULTS No difference was observed in the rate of acceptable reduction by modified Smith-Petersen (81%) versus Watson-Jones (81%) approach (risk difference null, 95% confidence interval -17.4% to 17.4%, P = 1.00) with 90.4% panel agreement (Fleiss' weighted κ = 0.63, P < 0.01). Stratified analyses did not identify a significant difference in the rate of acceptable reduction between approaches when stratified by Pauwels angle, basicervical or transcervical fracture location, or posterior comminution. The Smith-Petersen approach afforded a better reduction when preoperative skeletal traction was not applied (RR = 1.67 [95% CI 1.10-2.52] vs. RR = 0.87 [95% CI 0.70-1.08], P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS No difference was observed in the quality of open reduction of displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults when a Watson-Jones anterolateral approach versus a modified Smith-Petersen anterior approach was performed by orthopaedic trauma surgeons. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Patterson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keisuke Ishii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul Tornetta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ross K Leighton
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Darin M Friess
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Clifford B Jones
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dignity Health Arizona, Creighton Medical School, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ari Levine
- Department of Orthopaedics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jeffrey J Maclean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brian H Mullis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - William T Obremskey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert F Ostrum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC
| | - J Spence Reid
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State University, Hersey Medical Center, Hersey, PA
| | - John A Ruder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - Anas Saleh
- Department of Orthopaedics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Andrew H Schmidt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - David C Teague
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Jerald R Westberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Saam Morshed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA
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16
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Kubik JF, Bornes TD, Klinger CE, Dyke JP, Helfet DL. The effect of calcar femoral neck plating on vascularity of the femoral head and neck. Bone Jt Open 2021; 2:611-617. [PMID: 34378395 PMCID: PMC8384446 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.28.bjo-2021-0099.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Surgical treatment of young femoral neck fractures often requires an open approach to achieve an anatomical reduction. The application of a calcar plate has recently been described to aid in femoral neck fracture reduction and to augment fixation. However, application of a plate may potentially compromise the regional vascularity of the femoral head and neck. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcar femoral neck plating on the vascularity of the femoral head and neck. Methods A Hueter approach and capsulotomy were performed bilaterally in six cadaveric hips. In the experimental group, a one-third tubular plate was secured to the inferomedial femoral neck at 6:00 on the clockface. The contralateral hip served as a control with surgical approach and capsulotomy without fixation. Pre- and post-contrast MRI was then performed to quantify signal intensity in the femoral head and neck. Qualitative assessment of the terminal arterial branches to the femoral head, specifically the inferior retinacular artery (IRA), was also performed. Results Quantitative MRI revealed a mean reduction of 1.8% (SD 3.1%) of arterial contribution in the femoral head and a mean reduction of 7.1% (SD 10.6%) in the femoral neck in the plating group compared to non-plated controls. Based on femoral head quadrant analysis, the largest mean decrease in arterial contribution was in the inferomedial quadrant (4.0%, SD 6.6%). No significant differences were found between control and experimental hips for any femoral neck or femoral head regions. The inferior retinaculum of Weitbrecht (containing the IRA) was directly visualized in six of 12 specimens. Qualitative MRI assessment confirmed IRA integrity in all specimens. Conclusion Calcar femoral neck plating at the 6:00 position on the clockface resulted in minimal decrease in femoral head and neck vascularity, and therefore it may be considered as an adjunct to laterally-based fixation for reduction and fixation of femoral neck fractures, especially in younger patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):611–617.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Kubik
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Troy D Bornes
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Craig E Klinger
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan P Dyke
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David L Helfet
- Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Zhu W, Xie K, Zhang X, Yang J, Xu L, Zhu J, Fang S, Zhu C. Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for postoperative osteonecrosis of the femoral head with cannulated screws fixation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:281. [PMID: 33708908 PMCID: PMC7944296 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) remains a major complication of femoral neck fractures. Early interventions require preliminary prediction and detection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the perioperative variables of postoperative ONFH in femoral neck fracture patients with closed reduction and cannulated screw fixation. We also established and validated an individualized nomogram for the prediction of postoperative ONFH. Methods We included 470 patients with ONFH from two hospitals [First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (n=360) and Southern Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (n=110)]. We evaluated the prognostic value of multiple perioperative variables using a Cox regression model in the training cohort. We developed a nomogram for the prediction of ONFH using a logistic regression model. We assessed the performance of this nomogram in a validation cohort and evaluated its clinical value. Results Of the 470 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 141 (30.0%) developed postoperative ONFH. We found alcohol use [odds ratio (OR), 1.743, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.042-2.901, P=0.033], cerebrovascular disease (OR, 5.357, 95% CI, 2.318-13.13, P<0.001), interval to surgery (OR, 5.273, 95% CI, 2.724-10.43, P<0.001), Garden classification (OR, 23.17, 95% CI, 6.812-145.3, P<0.001), Garden index (OR, 5.935, 95% CI, 2.670-14.184, P<0.001), interval to partial weight-bearing (OR, 0.053, 95% CI, 0.006-0.296, P=0.002), and six-month Harris hip score (OR, 0.856; 95% CI, 0.792-0.919, P<0.001) were independent predictors of postoperative development of ONFH. Based on these variables, we developed a nomogram that showed good discrimination in both the training [area under the curve (AUC) =0.865] and the validation cohort (AUC =0.877). The favorable performance of this nomogram was also confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusions We developed and validated an easy-to-use nomogram for predicting postoperative ONFH. This nomogram can aid decision-making of intraoperative interventions and postoperative rehabilitation plans for patients, surgeons, and osteo-rehabilitative physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiazhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junchen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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18
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Zhan S, Jiang D, Xu J, Ling M, Yang K, Li Y, Jia W, Hu H, Zhang C. Influence of the proximal screws of buttress plates on the stability of vertical femoral neck fractures: a finite element analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:842. [PMID: 33308185 PMCID: PMC7733615 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures (vFNFs) in young patients remains challenging, with a high complication rate by using traditional techniques. The use of cannulated screws (CSs) combined with a buttress plate represents an alternative approach for treating vFNFs. However, the biomechanical influence of the use or non-use of the proximal screws of buttress plates on vFNFs stability remains unclear. This study aims to analyse the biomechanics of buttress plate fixation with or without the use of proximal screws through finite element analysis (FEA) to further understand this approach. Methods We built five vFNFs (Pauwels angle 70°) finite element models treated using three cannulated screws (CS group) or three cannulated screws plus a locking buttress plate (buttress group). In the buttress group, use or non-use of proximal screws was carried out on two types of plates (4-hole & 6-hole). The following seven parameters were analysed to compare biomechanical properties of the five models: the stiffness; the maximal stress of the plate system (plate and screws), CSs and bone (MPS, MCS, MBS); the maximal displacement of internal fixations (plate system & CSs) and bone (MIFD, MBD); and the maximal relative displacement of interfragments (MID). Results Compared with CS model, the buttress models exhibited improved biomechanical properties, with increased stiffness and decreased MCS, MBS, MIFD, MBD and MID. The models fixed using buttress plates combined with a proximal screw showed greater stiffness (+ 3.75% & + 8.31% vs + 0.98% & + 4.57%) and MPS (795.6 & 947.2 MPa vs 294.9 & 556.2 MPa) values, and smaller MCS, MBS, MIFD, MBD and MID (− 3.41% to − 15.35% vs − 0.07% to − 4.32%) values than those using the same length plates without a proximal screw. Conclusions Based on the FEA results, buttress plates can improve construct mechanics, help to resist shear force and prevent varus collapse; under the modelling conditions, the use of a proximal screw on buttress plate may be a key technical feature in improving anti-shearing ability; additionally, this screw may be essential to reduce stress and prevent re-displacement of cannulated screws and fracture fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhan
- Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Dajun Jiang
- Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ling
- Department of Orthopedic, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Radiology Department, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Radiology Department, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Hu
- Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Orthopedic Biomechanical Laboratory of Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO. 600, Yishan Rd., Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Ni M, Sun W, Ye Y. [Research progress of medial buttress plate assisted fixation for femoral neck fractures in young adults]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:1454-1457. [PMID: 33191705 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202004141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the research progress of medial buttress plate assisted fixation for femoral neck fractures in young adults. Methods The literature about buttress plate assisted fixation for femoral neck fractures in young adults was widely reviewed and analyzed. The design principle, background, biomechanical characteristics, and clinical results of buttress plate were summarized. Results Medial buttress plate assisted fixation is the latest treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults, which can convert the shear force at the fracture sides into compression force and promote fracture healing. Medial buttress plate can improve the biomechanical stability of femoral neck fractures and reduce the maximum stress of fixation implants. In clinical, the medial buttress plate can maintain fracture reduction, reduce the incidences of nonunion and surgical failure, and improve hip joint function. Conclusion Medial buttress plate assisted fixation can achieve good effectiveness for femoral neck fractures in young adults. However, due to the preliminary application, its indications, fixation implants, and long-term effectiveness need to be further studied and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201299, P.R.China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201299, P.R.China
| | - Ye Ye
- Hip Injury Center, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou Henan, 471002, P.R.China
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Letters to the Editor. J Orthop Trauma 2020; 34:e434-e436. [PMID: 33065671 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Dynamic limited axial compression yields favorable functional outcomes in the fixation of Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures: A retrospective cohort study. Injury 2020; 51:1851-1857. [PMID: 32527503 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures are challenging injuries to manage with high rates of complications after internal fixation and no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal fixation construct. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of dynamic limited axial compression in parallel screws combined with medial buttress plate (SMBP) or lateral compression plate (LCP) fixation of Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 51 cases of Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures who were fixed by SMBP or LCP. Specifically, the screw fixing the femoral head in the buttress plate was omitted. Postoperative complications and functional outcomes were mainly studied. RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 19.9 months, the rate of neck shortening was higher in the LCP group than that in SMBP group (32.1% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.04). Neither nonunion nor avascular necrosis was observed in both groups. Good-to-excellent Harris hip score accounts for 95.2% in SMBP group and 89.3% in LCP group (p = 0.40). Moreover, older age, fracture comminution and compression plate fixation predispose to neck shortening. CONCLUSION Dynamic limited axial compression by SMBP or LCP fixation was effective to improve the functional outcome of patients with Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures.
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Open Reduction Is Associated With Greater Hazard of Early Reoperation After Internal Fixation of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults 18-65 Years. J Orthop Trauma 2020; 34:294-301. [PMID: 32079891 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine (1) which factors are associated with the choice to perform an open reduction and (2) by adjusting for these factors, if the choice of reduction method is associated with reoperation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with radiograph and chart review. SETTING Twelve Level 1 North American trauma centers. PATIENTS Two hundred thirty-four adults 18-65 years of age with an isolated, displaced, OTA/AO type 31-B2 or type 31-B3 femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation with minimum of 6-month follow-up or reoperation. Exclusion criteria were pathologic fractures, associated femoral head or shaft fractures, and primary arthroplasty. INTERVENTION Open or closed reduction technique during internal fixation. MAIN OUTCOME Cox proportional hazard of reoperation adjusting for propensity score for open reduction based on injury, demographic, and medical factors. Reduction quality was assessed by 3 senior orthopaedic traumatologists as "acceptable" or "unacceptable" on AP and lateral postoperative radiographs. RESULTS Median follow-up was 1.5 years. One hundred six (45%) patients underwent open reduction. Reduction quality was not significantly affected by open versus closed approach (71% vs. 69% acceptable, P = 0.378). The propensity to receive an open reduction was associated with study center; younger age; male sex; no history of injection drug use, osteoporosis, or cerebrovascular disease; transcervical fracture location; posterior fracture comminution; and surgery within 12 hours. A total of 35 (33%) versus 28 (22%) reoperations occurred after open versus closed reduction (P = 0.056). Open reduction was associated with a 2.4-fold greater propensity-adjusted hazard of reoperation (95% confidence interval 1.3-4.4, P = 0.004). A total of 35 (15%) patients underwent subsequent total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS Open reduction of displaced femoral neck fractures in nonelderly adults is associated with a greater hazard of reoperation without significantly improving reduction. Prospective randomized trials are indicated to confirm a causative effect of open versus closed reduction on outcomes after femoral neck fracture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Giordano V, Alves DD, Paes RP, Amaral AB, Giordano M, Belangero W, Freitas A, Koch HA, do Amaral NP. The role of the medial plate for Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture: a comparative mechanical study using two fixations with cannulated screws. J Exp Orthop 2019; 6:18. [PMID: 31049738 PMCID: PMC6497711 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-019-0187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biomechanical behavior of Pauwels type III fractures should be taken into consideration when performing internal fixation, since this repair should resist the shear force inherent in the vertical fracture line to the greatest extent possible. Recently, the use of a small fragment plate on the medial face of the femoral neck has been proposed by some authors, with satisfactory initial results. In the current study we analyze the mechanical role a medial plate used as a buttress plate for Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures, comparing the resistance of two fixation configurations using three cannulated screws. Methods Pauwels type III fractures were simulated in synthetic bones models and two groups were created, one of those using two parallel screws at the bottom of the femoral neck and the third screw crossing the fracture horizontally (G1), and the other fixed in the same arrangement as G1, but with the addition of a medial side plate at the apex of the fracture (G2). The constructs were subjected to axial loading until catastrophic failure. Results The addition of a medial plate buttressing the femoral neck increased significantly the resistance to maximum loading (p = 0.003). Conclusion Use of a medial buttress plate results in a mechanically superior construction for Pauwels type III fractures fixed with multiple cannulated screws. Lebel of evidence Level IV. Biomechanical comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Giordano
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rua Mário Ribeiro 117, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22430-160, Brazil. .,Núcleo Especializado de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Clínica São Vicente, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Diniz Alves
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rua Mário Ribeiro 117, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22430-160, Brazil
| | - Roger Pletsch Paes
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rua Mário Ribeiro 117, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22430-160, Brazil
| | - Arthur Bonfim Amaral
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rua Mário Ribeiro 117, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22430-160, Brazil
| | - Marcos Giordano
- Serviço de Traumato-Ortopedia, Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - William Belangero
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anderson Freitas
- Serviço de Quadril, Hospital Ortopédico e Medicina Especializada - HOME, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Hilton A Koch
- Departamento de Radiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ney Pecegueiro do Amaral
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rua Mário Ribeiro 117, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22430-160, Brazil
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