1
|
Faysal M, Khan J, Zehravi M, Nath N, Singh LP, Kakkar S, Perusomula R, Khan PA, Nainu F, Asiri M, Khan SL, Das R, Emran TB, Wilairatana P. Neuropharmacological potential of honokiol and its derivatives from Chinese herb Magnolia species: understandings from therapeutic viewpoint. Chin Med 2023; 18:154. [PMID: 38001538 PMCID: PMC10668527 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is a neolignan biphenol found in aerial parts of the Magnolia plant species. The Magnolia plant species traditionally belong to China and have been used for centuries to treat many pathological conditions. Honokiol mitigates the severity of several pathological conditions and has the potential to work as an anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anticancer, antioxidant, and neurotherapeutic agent. It has a long history of being employed in the healthcare practices of Southeast Asia, but in recent years, a greater scope of research has been conducted on it. Plenty of experimental evidence suggests it could be beneficial as a neuroprotective bioactive molecule. Honokiol has several pharmacological effects, leading to its exploration as a potential therapy for neurological diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral ischemia, anxiety, depression, spinal cord injury, and so on. So, based on the previous experimentation reports, our goal is to discuss the neuroprotective properties of honokiol. Besides, honokiol derivatives have been highlighted recently as possible therapeutic options for NDs. So, this review focuses on honokiol's neurotherapeutic actions and toxicological profile to determine their safety and potential use in neurotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Faysal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jishan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, 51418, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Laliteshwar Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, (Rohtas), Bihar, 821305, India
| | - Saloni Kakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rajashekar Perusomula
- Cognitive Science Research Initiative Lab, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Narsapur, India
| | - Pathan Amanulla Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Anwar Ul Uloom College of Pharmacy, New Mallepally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, Maharashtra, 413520, India
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu J, Huang F, Hu Y, Qiao W, Guan Y, Zhang ZJ, Liu S, Liu Y. Non-Coding RNAs Regulate Spinal Cord Injury-Related Neuropathic Pain via Neuroinflammation. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2477-2489. [PMID: 37334347 PMCID: PMC10276590 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary chronic neuropathic pain (NP) in addition to sensory, motor, or autonomic dysfunction can significantly reduce quality of life after spinal cord injury (SCI). The mechanisms of SCI-related NP have been studied in clinical trials and with the use of experimental models. However, in developing new treatment strategies for SCI patients, NP poses new challenges. The inflammatory response following SCI promotes the development of NP. Previous studies suggest that reducing neuroinflammation following SCI can improve NP-related behaviors. Intensive studies of the roles of non-coding RNAs in SCI have discovered that ncRNAs bind target mRNA, act between activated glia, neuronal cells, or other immunocytes, regulate gene expression, inhibit inflammation, and influence the prognosis of NP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Nantong Rehabilitation Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Guan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JiangSu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding L, Liu T, Ma J. Neuroprotective mechanisms of Asiatic acid. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15853. [PMID: 37180926 PMCID: PMC10172897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is the most crucial component of Asiaticoside in many edible and medicinal plants. It has diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-infective, and anti-tumor. Additionally, AA has been intensively studied in the last decades. It has shown great potential in the treatment of various neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI), cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), neural tumors, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, AA provides pertinent data for neuroprotective signaling pathways, and its substantial neuroprotective ability makes it a novel candidate for developing drugs that target the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyun Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Shanghai Seventh's People's Hospital, An Affiliate of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, 215300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai X, Jiang X, Zhao M, Su K, Tang M, Hong F, Ye N, Zhang R, Li N, Wang L, Xue L, Zhu Z, Chen L, Yang J, Wu W, Ye H. Identification of the target protein and molecular mechanism of honokiol in anti-inflammatory action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154617. [PMID: 36610140 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Searching the targets of natural products is very important for drug discovery and elucidating the mechanism of drug action and disease. Honokiol (HK), as the major active component of Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson, has been widely used in medicine and cosmetics. Among its bioactivities, its anti-inflammatory activity is particularly impressive. However, the target protein of HK in anti-inflammatory action and its regulatory mechanism are unclear. PURPOSE Here, we identified the target protein and molecular mechanism of the anti- inflammatory action of HK. METHODS First, an LPS-induced septic shock model and DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model were used to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of HK. Second, the drug affinity responsive target stability, proteomics analysis, thermal shift assays and cellular thermal shift assays were used to identify and validate the target of HK. Finally, western blot, ELISA, LDH immunofluorescence staining, shRNA and LC/MS for L-leucine analysis were performed to determine the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of HK. RESULTS This study revealed that HK significantly alleviated LPS-induced septic shock and DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in vivo, suggesting that HK has significant anti-inflammatory activity. HK treatment dramatically reduced IL-1β release and caspase-1 activation at different time points, showing that HK could inhibit both NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation processes in cells. HK also suppressed adaptor apoptosis speck-like protein oligomerization. Mechanistically, SLC3A2 was identified as a direct target of HK in THP-1 cells. HK downregulated SLC3A2 expression by promoting its degradation via proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Further study demonstrated that HK triggered SLC3A2 to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation by significantly reducing the content of L-leucine transported into cells and lysosomes to block the mTORC1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our work identified HK as a promising anti-inflammatory drug candidate through the SLC3A2/L-leucine/mTORC1/NLRP3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Neng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linlin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zejiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam F, Bepary S, Nafady MH, Islam MR, Emran TB, Sultana S, Huq MA, Mitra S, Chopra H, Sharma R, Sweilam SH, Khandaker MU, Idris AM. Polyphenols Targeting Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Future Vision. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8741787. [PMID: 36046682 PMCID: PMC9423984 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8741787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is deteriorated or traumatized, leading to motor and sensory functions lost even totally or partially. An imbalance within the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense levels results in oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation. After SCI, OS and occurring pathways of inflammations are significant strenuous drivers of cross-linked dysregulated pathways. It emphasizes the significance of multitarget therapy in combating SCI consequences. Polyphenols, which are secondary metabolites originating from plants, have the promise to be used as alternative therapeutic agents to treat SCI. Secondary metabolites have activity on neuroinflammatory, neuronal OS, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways during the early stages of SCI. Experimental and clinical investigations have noted the possible importance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in moderating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators and axonal regeneration's extrinsic pathways after the SCI probable significance of phenolic compounds as important phytochemicals in mediating upstream dysregulated OS/inflammatory signaling mediators. Furthermore, combining polyphenols could be a way to lessen the effects of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sristy Bepary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan Y, Yu H, Sun S, Gan S, Gong R, Mou KJ, Xue J, Xu S, Wu J, Ma L. Honokiol exerts protective effects on neural myelin sheaths after compressed spinal cord injury by inhibiting oligodendrocyte apoptosis through regulation of ER-mitochondrial interactions. J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:595-604. [PMID: 33830903 PMCID: PMC9246194 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1890878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of honokiol on demyelination after compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI) and it's possible mechanism. DESIGN Animal experiment study. SETTING Institute of Neuroscience of Chongqing Medical University. INTERVENTIONS Total of 69 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group (n=15), honokiol group (n=27) and vehicle group (n=27). After established CSCI model by a custom-made compressor successfully, the rats of sham group were subjected to the limited laminectomy without compression; the rats of honokiol group were subjected to CSCI surgery and intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg honokiol; the rats of vehicle group were subjected to CSCI surgery and intraperitoneal injection of an equivalent volume of saline.Outcome measures: The locomotor function of each group was assessed using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) rating scale. The pathological changes of myelinated nerve fibers of spinal cord in 3 groups were detected by osmic acid staining and transmission electron microcopy (TME). Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to research the experessions of active caspase-3, caspase-12, cytochrome C and myelin basic protein (MBP) respectively. RESULTS In the vehicle group, the rats became paralyzed and spastic after injury, and the myelin sheath became swollen and broken down along with decreased number of myelinated nerve fibers. Western blot analysis manifested that active caspase-3, caspase-12 and cytochrome C began to increase 1 d after injury while the expression of MBP decreased gradually. After intervened with honokiol for 6 days, compared with the vehicle group, the locomotor function and the pathomorphological changes of myelin sheath of the CSCD rats were improved with obviously decreased expression of active caspase-3, caspase-12 and cytochrome C. CONCLUSIONS Honokiol may improve locomotor function and protect neural myelin sheat from demyelination via prevention oligodendrocytes (OLs) apoptosis through mediate endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria pathway after CSCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tan
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanquan Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwei Gan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jie Mou
- Bishan Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xue
- Bishan Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiye Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Wu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ma
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Moradi SZ, Cao H, Khan H, Xiao J. Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Interconnected Pathways during Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8100195. [PMID: 35035667 PMCID: PMC8759836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progression in targeting the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of effective treatments. Moreover, conventional therapies suffer from associated side effects and low efficacy, raising the need for finding potential alternative therapies. In this regard, a comprehensive review was done regarding revealing the main neurological dysregulated pathways and providing alternative therapeutic agents following SCI. From the mechanistic point, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are major upstream orchestras of cross-linked dysregulated pathways (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and extrinsic mechanisms) following SCI. It urges the need for developing multitarget therapies against SCI complications. Polyphenols, as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have the potential of being introduced as alternative therapeutic agents to pave the way for treating SCI. Such secondary metabolites presented modulatory effects on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways in the onset and progression of SCI. In the present review, the potential role of phenolic compounds as critical phytochemicals has also been revealed in regulating upstream dysregulated oxidative stress/inflammatory signaling mediators and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration after SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, the coadministration of polyphenols and stem cells has shown a promising strategy for improving post-SCI complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Yu F. Emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 29:23094990211030698. [PMID: 34323142 DOI: 10.1177/23094990211030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most serious complication of spinal injury and often leads to severe dysfunction of the limb below the injured segment. SCI causes not only serious physical and psychological harm to the patients, but imposes an enormous economic burden on the whole society. Great efforts have been made to improve the functional outcomes of patients with SCI; however, therapeutic advances have far been limited. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an important regulator of gene expression and has recently been characterized as a key regulator of central nervous system stabilization. Emerging evidence suggested that lncRNAs are significantly dysregulated and play a key role in the development of SCI. Our review summarizes current researches regarding the roles of deregulated lncRNAs in modulating apoptosis, inflammatory response, neuronal behavior in SCI. These studies suggest that specific regulation of lncRNA or its downstream targets may provide a new therapeutic approach for this desperate disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Zhou
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rauf A, Olatunde A, Imran M, Alhumaydhi FA, Aljohani ASM, Khan SA, Uddin MS, Mitra S, Emran TB, Khayrullin M, Rebezov M, Kamal MA, Shariati MA. Honokiol: A review of its pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 90:153647. [PMID: 34362632 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honokiol is a pleiotropic compound which been isolated from Magnolia species such as Magnolia grandiflora and Magnolia dealbata. Magnolia species Magnolia grandiflora is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. PURPOSE The objective of this review is to summarize the pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights of honokiol. STUDY DESIGN Honokiol has been specified as a novel alternative to treat various disorders such as liver cancer, neuroprotective, anti-spasmodic, antidepressant, anti-tumorigenic, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, analgesic properties and others. Therefore, this study designed to represent the in-depth therapeutic potential of honokiol. METHODS Literature searches in electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were performed using the keywords 'Honokiol', 'Health Benefits' and 'Therapeutic Insights' as the keywords for primary searches and secondary search terms were used as follows: 'Anticancer', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Neuroprotective', 'Antimicrobial', 'Cardioprotection', 'Hepatoprotective', 'Anti-inflammatory', 'Arthritis', 'Reproductive Disorders'. RESULTS This promising bioactive compound presented an wide range of therapeutic and biological activities which include liver cancer, neuroprotective, anti-spasmodic, antidepressant, anti-tumorigenic, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, analgesic properties, and others. Its pharmacokinetics has been established in experimental animals, while in humans, this is still speculative. Some of its mechanism for exhibiting its pharmacological effects includes apoptosis of diseased cells, reduction in the expression of defective proteins like P-glycoproteins, inhibition of oxidative stress, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6), amelioration of impaired hepatic enzymes and reversal of morphological alterations, among others. CONCLUSION All these actions displayed by this novel compound could make it serve as a lead in the formulation of drugs with higher efficacy and negligible side effects utilized in the treatment of several human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029, Moscow, Russian Federation.; Ural State Agrarian University, 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Davaa G, Hong JY, Kim TU, Lee SJ, Kim SY, Hong K, Hyun JK. Exercise Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury by Changing DNA Methylation. Cells 2021; 10:143. [PMID: 33445717 PMCID: PMC7828206 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is a traditional method to maximize remaining function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the exact mechanism by which exercise promotes recovery after SCI has not been identified; whether exercise truly has a beneficial effect on SCI also remains unclear. Previously, we showed that epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex occur after SCI and that a treatment leading to epigenetic modulation effectively promotes functional recovery after SCI. We aimed to determine how exercise induces functional improvement in rats subjected to SCI and whether epigenetic changes are engaged in the effects of exercise. A spinal cord contusion model was established in rats, which were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. We found that the size of the lesion cavity and the number of macrophages were decreased more in the exercise group than in the control group after 12 weeks of injury. Immunofluorescence and DNA dot blot analysis revealed that levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the brain motor cortex were increased after exercise. Accordingly, the expression of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) in the brain motor cortex also elevated. However, no macrophage polarization was induced by exercise. Locomotor function, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and ladder scores, also improved in the exercise group compared to the control group. We concluded that treadmill exercise facilitates functional recovery in rats with SCI, and mechanistically epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex may contribute to exercise-induced improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganchimeg Davaa
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (G.D.); (J.Y.H.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jin Young Hong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (G.D.); (J.Y.H.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Tae Uk Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (T.U.K.); (S.J.L.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (T.U.K.); (S.J.L.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (T.U.K.); (S.J.L.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (G.D.); (J.Y.H.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (T.U.K.); (S.J.L.); (S.Y.K.)
- Wiregene, Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31116, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qian Z, Chang J, Jiang F, Ge D, Yang L, Li Y, Chen H, Cao X. Excess administration of miR-340-5p ameliorates spinal cord injury-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis by modulating the P38-MAPK signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:531-542. [PMID: 32014577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive polyneuropathy that can result in loss of sensorimotor function and sphincter dysfunction, and even death in critical situations. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a series of non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in transcriptional regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that modulation of multiple miRs is involved in neurological recovery after SCI. However, the functions of miR-340-5p in SCI remain uncertain. Therefore, we probed the therapeutic effect and mechanism of miR-340-5p in microglia in vitro and in vivo in SCI rats. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were employed to examine the alterations in miR-340-5p and P38 levels in SCI rats. miR-340-5p targets in microglia were ascertained using luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence analyses, and western blotting. We also established an SCI model and administered miR-340-5p. The effects of miR-340-5p on the amelioration of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis following SCI were assessed using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and histological analyses. Finally, locomotor function recovery was determined using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan rating scale. In our study, the expression profiles and luciferase assay results clarified that P38 was a target of miR-340-5p, which was associated with activation of the P38-MAPK signaling pathway. Elevation of miR-340-5p decreased P38 expression, subsequently inhibiting the inflammatory reaction. SCI-induced secondary neuroinflammation was relieved under miR-340-5p treatment. Moreover, by controlling neuroinflammation, the increased levels of miR-340-5p might counter oxidative stress and reduce the degree of apoptosis. We also observed decreasing gliosis and glial scar formation and increasing neurotrophin expression at the chronic stage of SCI. Together, these potential effects of miR-340-5p treatment ultimately improved locomotor function recovery in SCI rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyang Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hsiao YP, Chen HT, Liang YC, Wang TE, Huang KH, Hsu CC, Liang HJ, Huang CH, Jan TR. Development of Nanosome-Encapsulated Honokiol for Intravenous Therapy Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:17-29. [PMID: 32021162 PMCID: PMC6954093 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Honokiol has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, the poor aqueous solubility of honokiol limits its clinical application for systemic administration. Purpose This study aims to develop a novel formulation of nanosome-encapsulated honokiol (NHNK) for intravenous therapy against mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that mimics human multiple sclerosis. Methods Nanosomes and NHNK were prepared by using an ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) method. Mice were treated with NHNK or empty nanosomes during the peak phase of EAE symptoms. Symptoms of EAE were monitored and samples of the spinal cord were obtained for histopathological examinations. Results The stock of NHNK containing honokiol in the nanosome formulation, which showed the structure of single phospholipid bilayer membranes, was well formulated with the particle size of 48.0 ± 0.1 nm and the encapsulation efficiency 58.1 ± 4.2%. Intravenous administration of NHNK ameliorated the severity of EAE accompanied by a significant reduction of demyelination and inflammation in the spinal cord. Furthermore, NHNK decreased the number of IL-6+, Iba-1+TNF +, Iba-1+IL-12 p40+, and CD3+IFN-γ+ cells infiltrating the spinal cord. Conclusion The UHPH method simplified the preparation of NHNK with uniformly distributed nanosize and high encapsulation efficiency. Intravenous administration of NHNK ameliorated the severity of EAE by suppressing the infiltration of activated microglia and Th1 cells into the spinal cord. Collectively, these results suggest that the formulation of NHNK is a prospective therapeutic approach for inflammatory CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yai-Ping Hsiao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tse-En Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jen Liang
- Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Rong Jan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu HT, Wang TE, Hsu YT, Chou CC, Huang KH, Hsu CC, Liang HJ, Chang HW, Lee TH, Tsai PS. Nanoparticulated Honokiol Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Chronic Kidney Injury by Maintaining Mitochondria Antioxidant Capacity and Reducing Caspase 3-Associated Cellular Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100466. [PMID: 31600935 PMCID: PMC6826708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a potent anti-cancer drug, however, its accompanied organ-toxicity hampers its clinical applications. Cisplatin-associated kidney injury is known to result from its accumulation in the renal tubule with excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we encapsulated honokiol, a natural lipophilic polyphenol constituent extracted from Magnolia officinalis into nano-sized liposomes (nanosome honokiol) and examined the in vivo countering effects on cisplatin-induced renal injury. We observed that 5 mg/kg body weight. nanosome honokiol was the lowest effective dosage to efficiently restore renal functions of cisplatin-treated animals. The improvement is likely due the maintenance of cellular localization of cytochrome c and thus preserves mitochondria integrity and their redox activity, which as a consequence, reduced cellular oxidative stress and caspase 3-associated apoptosis. These improvements at the cellular level are later reflected on the observed reduction of kidney inflammation and fibrosis. In agreement with our earlier in vitro study showing protective effects of honokiol on kidney cell lines, we demonstrated further in the current study, that nanosuspension-formulated honokiol provides protective effects against cisplatin-induced chronic kidney damages in vivo. Our findings not only benefit cisplatin-receiving patients with reduced renal side effects, but also provide potential alternative and synergic solutions to improve clinical safety and efficacy of cisplatin treatment on cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ting Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Tse-En Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Jen Liang
- Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University, 30015 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shiue Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barua S, Kim JY, Yenari MA, Lee JE. The role of NOX inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Rep 2019; 7:59-69. [PMID: 31463415 PMCID: PMC6709343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key player in both chronic and acute brain disease due to the higher metabolic demand of the brain. Among the producers of free radicals, NADPH-oxidase (NOX) is a major contributor to oxidative stress in neurological disorders. In the brain, the superoxide produced by NOX is mainly found in leukocytes. However, recent studies have reported that it can be found in several other cell types. NOX has been reported to regulate neuronal signaling, memory processing, and central cardiovascular homeostasis. However, overproduction of NOX can contribute to neurotoxicity, CNS degeneration, and cardiovascular disorders. Regarding the above functions, NOX has been shown to play a crucial role in chronic CNS diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in acute CNS disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and related cerebrovascular diseases. NOX is a multi-subunit complex consisting of two membrane-associated and four cytosolic subunits. Thus, in recent years, inhibition of NOX activity has drawn a great deal of attention from researchers in the field of treating chronic and acute CNS disorders and preventing secondary complications. Mounting evidence has shown that NOX inhibition is neuroprotective and that inhibiting NOX in circulating immune cells can improve neurological disease conditions. This review summarizes recent studies on the therapeutic effects and pharmacological strategies regarding NOX inhibitors in chronic and acute brain diseases and focuses on the hurdles that should be overcome before their clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, MS 127, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21, PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.,Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang ZS, Zhang JR. LncRNA SNHG5 enhances astrocytes and microglia viability via upregulating KLF4 in spinal cord injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:66-72. [PMID: 30076931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of lncRNA SNHG5 in spinal cord injury (SCI). The interaction between SNHG5 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was verified by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Rat neural function was evaluated by BBB and BMS scores. Results showed that GFAP and Iba-1 (specific proteins for astrocytes and microglia respectively) were upregulated in spinal cord of SCI rats. Simultaneously, spinal cord also expressed substantially higher levels of SNHG5, KLF4 and eNOS (endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase) than sham group. In traumatically injured astrocytes and microglia, SNHG5 overexpression increased cells viability, which was significantly inhibited by SNHG5 knockdown. KLF4 is a directly target for SNHG5 and is positively regulated by SNHG5. The knockdown of KLF4 effectively decreased astrocytes and microglia viability induced by SHNG5 overexpression and attenuated the pcDNA-SNHG5-mediated repression of the apoptosis. In SCI rats, the injection of Lenti-SNHG5 reduced BBB and BMS scores and also enhanced the protein expression of KLF4, eNOS, GFAP and Iba-1. In summary, our data suggested that SNHG5 promotes SCI via increasing the viability of astrocytes and microglia. The mechanism by which SNHG5 works is its directive interaction to KLF4 and contribution to eNOS upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Song Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China.
| | - Jian-Ru Zhang
- Department of Health Examination, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang W, Li M, He F, Zhou S, Zhu L. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to attenuate spinal cord injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:207. [PMID: 29070054 PMCID: PMC5657095 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease, which results in tissue loss and neurologic dysfunction. NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the mechanism of diverse diseases. However, no studies have demonstrated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome and the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in a mouse model of SCI. We investigated whether inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by the pharmacologic inhibitor BAY 11-7082 or A438079 could exert neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of SCI. METHODS SCI was performed using an aneurysm clip with a closing force of 30 g at the level of the T6-T7 vertebra for 1 min. Motor recovery was evaluated by an open-field test. Neuronal death was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Nissl staining. Mitochondrial dysfunction was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and detection of mitochondrial membrane potential level. Microglia/macrophage activation and astrocytic response were evaluated by immunofluorescence labeling. RESULTS Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by pharmacologic inhibitor BAY 11-7082 or A438079 reduced neuronal death, attenuated spinal cord anatomic damage, and promoted motor recovery. Furthermore, BAY 11-7082 or A438079 directly attenuated the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, BAY 11-7082 or A438079 alleviated microglia/macrophage activation, neutrophils infiltration, and reactive gliosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrate that pharmacologic suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation controls neuroinflammation, attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction, alleviates the severity of spinal cord damage, and improves neurological recovery after SCI. These data strongly indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a vital contributor to the secondary damage of SCI in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jiang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Maoqiang Li
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Fan He
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Honokiol suppresses formyl peptide-induced human neutrophil activation by blocking formyl peptide receptor 1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6718. [PMID: 28751674 PMCID: PMC5532207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) mediates bacterial and mitochondrial N-formyl peptides-induced neutrophil activation. Therefore, FPR1 is an important therapeutic target for drugs to treat septic or sterile inflammatory diseases. Honokiol, a major bioactive compound of Magnoliaceae plants, possesses several anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we show that honokiol exhibits an inhibitory effect on FPR1 binding in human neutrophils. Honokiol inhibited superoxide anion generation, reactive oxygen species formation, and elastase release in bacterial or mitochondrial N-formyl peptides (FPR1 agonists)-activated human neutrophils. Adhesion of FPR1-induced human neutrophils to cerebral endothelial cells was also reduced by honokiol. The receptor-binding results revealed that honokiol repressed FPR1-specific ligand N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-fluorescein binding to FPR1 in human neutrophils, neutrophil-like THP-1 cells, and hFPR1-transfected HEK293 cells. However, honokiol did not inhibit FPR2-specific ligand binding to FPR2 in human neutrophils. Furthermore, honokiol inhibited FPR1 agonist-induced calcium mobilization as well as phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK in human neutrophils. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that honokiol may have therapeutic potential for treating FPR1-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Role of carbonic anhydrases in skin wound healing. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e334. [PMID: 28524177 PMCID: PMC5454449 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wound closure occurs when keratinocytes migrate from the edge of the wound and re-epithelialize the epidermis. Their migration takes place primarily before any vascularization is established, that is, under hypoxia, but relatively little is known regarding the factors that stimulate this migration. Hypoxia and an acidic environment are well-established stimuli for cancer cell migration. The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) contribute to tumor cell migration by generating an acidic environment through the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton. On this basis, we explored the possible role of CAs in tissue regeneration using mouse skin wound models. We show that the expression of mRNAs encoding CA isoforms IV and IX are increased (~25 × and 4 ×, respectively) during the wound hypoxic period (days 2-5) and that cells expressing CAs form a band-like structure beneath the migrating epidermis. RNA-Seq analysis suggested that the CA IV-specific signal in the wound is mainly derived from neutrophils. Due to the high level of induction of CA IV in the wound, we treated skin wounds locally with recombinant human CA IV enzyme. Recombinant CA IV significantly accelerated wound re-epithelialization. Thus, CA IV could contribute to wound healing by providing an acidic environment in which the migrating epidermis and neutrophils can survive and may offer novel opportunities to accelerate wound healing under compromised conditions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu J, Maoqiang L, Fan H, Zhenyu B, Qifang H, Xuepeng W, Liulong Z. Rutin attenuates neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury rats. J Surg Res 2016; 203:331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
20
|
Chen PJ, Wang YL, Kuo LM, Lin CF, Chen CY, Tsai YF, Shen JJ, Hwang TL. Honokiol suppresses TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on cerebral endothelial cells by disrupting polyubiquitination and degradation of IκBα. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26554. [PMID: 27212040 PMCID: PMC4876378 DOI: 10.1038/srep26554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules expressed on cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) mediate leukocyte recruitment and play a significant role in cerebral inflammation. Increased levels of adhesion molecules on the EC surface induce leukocyte infiltration into inflammatory areas and are thus hallmarkers of inflammation. Honokiol, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Magnolia officinalis, has various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects, yet the nature of honokiol targeting molecules remains to be revealed. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of honokiol on neutrophil adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, which underlie its molecular target, and mechanisms for inactivating nuclear factor κ enhancer binding protein (NF-κB) in mouse cerebral ECs. Honokiol inhibited tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced neutrophil adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression in cerebral ECs. The inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB was downregulated by honokiol. Honokiol significantly blocked TNF-α-induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and degradation of the proteasome-dependent inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα). From docking model prediction, honokiol directly targeted the ubiquitin-ubiquitin interface of Lys48-linked polychains. Moreover, honokiol prevented the TNF-α-induced Lys48-linked polyubiquitination, including IκBα-polyubiquitin interaction. Honokiol has protective anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression in cerebral ECs, at least in part by directly inhibiting ubiquitination-mediated IκBα degradation and then preventing NF-κB nuclear translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Shen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Honokiol targets mitochondria to halt cancer progression and metastasis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1383-95. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
22
|
Jiang W, Li M, He F, Bian Z, He Q, Wang X, Yao W, Zhu L. Neuroprotective effect of asiatic acid against spinal cord injury in rats. Life Sci 2016; 157:45-51. [PMID: 27153777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of asiatic acid (AA) on spinal cord injury (SCI) as well as the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n=150) were randomly assigned to five groups: sham, SCI, SCI+methylprednisolone (30mg/kg), SCI+AA (30mg/kg), and SCI+AA (75mg/kg). Motor function, histological changes, neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine production, and oxidative stress as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 levels were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS AA treatment increased Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and inclined plane test scores that were reduced by SCI. In addition, AA suppressed myeloperoxidase activity and reduced the levels of interleukin-1β, -18, and -6 and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2, and malondialdehyde levels while increasing superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione production. AA treatment results in the upregulation in Nrf2/HO-1 levels and downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression in SC tissue. SIGNIFICANCE AA protects against SCI via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. The underlying mechanism likely involves activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 and inhibition of ROS and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. AA has therapeutic potential for SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Maoqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhenyu Bian
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qifang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wangxiang Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Correlation of A2bAR and KLF4/KLF15 with Obesity-Dyslipidemia Induced Inflammation in Uygur Population. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7015620. [PMID: 27199507 PMCID: PMC4856914 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7015620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the researchers collected visceral adipose tissue from the Uygur population, which were divided into two groups: the normal control group (NC, n = 50, 18.0 kg/m(2) ≤ BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m(2)) and the obese group (OB, n = 45, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2)), and then use real-time PCR to detect the mRNA expression level of key genes involved in inflammation signaling pathway. The findings suggest that, in obese status, the lower expression level of A2bAR, KLF4, and KLF15 of visceral adipose tissue may correlate with obese-dyslipidemia induced inflammation in Uygur population.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dopamine D1 Receptor Agonist A-68930 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Controls Inflammation, and Alleviates Histopathology in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:E330-4. [PMID: 26966979 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A randomized experimental study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanisms of dopamine D1 receptor agonist A-68930 in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The inflammation induced by SCI includes maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 mediated by nucleotide-binding domain -like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Dopamine D1 receptor agonist A-68930 has been reported to exert neuroprotective effect via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in some central nervous injury models. However, whether A-68930 can exert nueroprotection in rat SCI models through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation has yet to be investigated. METHODS Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, SCI group, SCI + Vehicle (Veh) group, SCI + A-68930 group. The influences of A-68930 on the proinflammatory cytokines levels, histological changes, and locomotion scale were estimated. RESULTS SCI significantly promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased proinflammatory cytokines productions in SCI group as compared with sham group. A-68930 administration significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduced inflammatory cytokines levels. Moreover, A-68930 administration attenuated histopathology and promoted locomotion recovery. CONCLUSION A-68930 can attenuate tissue damage and improve neurological function recovery, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Quercetin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuates histopathology in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2016; 54:592-6. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|