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Swimming training combined with fecal microbial transplantation protects motor functions in rats with spinal cord injury by improving the intestinal system. Neurosci Lett 2023; 799:137104. [PMID: 36758789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe intestinal dysfunction and decreased motility. There is an interaction between the intestine and the nervous system, intestinal intervention through microbial regulation and exercise is a potential treatment option for spinal cord injury. We investigated the effects of swimming rehabilitation training combined with fecal microbial transplantation on intestinal as well as neurological functions in rats with spinal cord injuries, and explored the potential mechanisms. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated control group (Sham), spinal cord injury only group (SCI), swimming training group (Swimming), fecal microbial transplantation group (FMT) and combined interventions group (Combined). Behavioral assessments, pathological and immunological analyses were performed after the interventions. Compared to rats in the spinal cord injury group, rats subjected to swimming training, fecal microbial transplantation and combined interventions group exhibited improved intestinal transit, barrier functions, motility, and motor conduction pathway conductivity(P < 0.05). The combined interventions group had better outcomes(P < 0.01). In addition, combined interventions significantly suppressed inflammatory factor levels (P < 0.05) in the colon and spinal cords and significantly protected forefoot motor neurons (NeuN) in the spinal cord injury area, inhibiting astrocyte activation and reducing the expressions of the signature glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and markers of microglia (Iba-1) at the lesion site(P < 0.05). In conclusion, all effects of combined swimming training and fecal microbial transplantation interventions were superior to swimming training or fecal microbial transplantation alone. Swimming training and fecal microbial transplantation interventions have a synergistic effect on the recovery of intestinal function and motility after spinal cord injury. The mechanism of mutual facilitation between gut function and motility may be related to the brain-gut axis interaction.
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Adeel M, Lin BS, Chen HC, Lai CH, Liou JC, Wu CW, Chan WP, Peng CW. Motor Neuroplastic Effects of a Novel Paired Stimulation Technology in an Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169447. [PMID: 36012710 PMCID: PMC9409074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired stimulation of the brain and spinal cord can remodel the central nervous tissue circuitry in an animal model to induce motor neuroplasticity. The effects of simultaneous stimulation vary according to the extent and severity of spinal cord injury. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the significant effects on an incomplete SCI rat brain and spinal cord through 3 min and 20 min stimulations after 4 weeks of intervention. Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were classified into six groups: (1) normal, (2) sham, (3) iTBS/tsDCS, (4) iTBS/ts-iTBS, (5) rTMS/tsDCS, and (6) rTMS/ts-iTBS. Paired stimulation of the brain cortex and spinal cord thoracic (T10) level was applied simultaneously for 3−20 min. The motor evoked potential (MEP) and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were recorded after every week of intervention for four weeks along with wheel training for 20 min. Three-minute stimulation with the iTBS/tsDCS intervention induced a significant (p < 0.050 *) increase in MEP after week 2 and week 4 treatments, while 3 min iTBS/ts-iTBS significantly improved MEP (p < 0.050 *) only after the week 3 intervention. The 20 min rTMS/ts-iTBS intervention showed a significant change only in post_5 min after week 4. The BBB score also changed significantly in all groups except for the 20 min rTMS/tsDCS intervention. iTBS/tsDCS and rTMS/ts-iTBS interventions induce neuroplasticity in an incomplete SCI animal model by significantly changing electrophysiological (MEP) and locomotion (BBB) outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shing Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chiun Liou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wing P. Chan
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3070)
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Wang XH, Jiang C, Zhang YY, Chen Z, Wang ZY, Yang H, Hao DJ. Analysis and comparison of a spinal cord injury model with a single-axle-lever clip or a parallel-moving clip compression in rats. Spinal Cord 2021; 60:332-338. [PMID: 34628476 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental animal study. OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of a custom-designed parallel-moving (PM) clip, compared with a single-axle-lever (SAL) clip, for the development of a compressional spinal cord injury (SCI) model in rats. SETTING Hospital laboratory in China. METHODS We used a PM clip and a SAL clip with same compression rate, to develop a SCI model in rats, and set a sham group as a blank control. Within 3 weeks, each group of rats was evaluated for behavioral (Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating score, BBB), and electrophysiological changes (somatosensory evoked potential), and historical staining to observe the differences between the three groups. In particular, the mechanical results of the PM group were calculated. RESULTS The BBB scores for the SAL and PM groups were significantly lower than those for the sham group (P < 0.05), no significant difference between the two methods (P > 0.05), but the values corresponding to the PM group had smaller standard deviations. The interpeak-latency (IPL) was significantly prolonged (P < 0.0001) and the peak-peak amplitude (PPA) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in SAL and PM groups than those in the sham group, but there was no statistical difference in both IPL and PPA between the two SCI groups (P > 0.05). Histological staining showed obvious pathological changes in two SCI groups, and the shape of the lesion zone in the PM group was more symmetrical than that in the SAL groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of a compressional SCI model in rats with the PM clip we designed is an appropriate method to quantify the injury. The degree of the injury caused by this clip is more stable and uniform than those with classical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding-Jun Hao
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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Marufa SA, Hsieh TH, Liou JC, Chen HY, Peng CW. Neuromodulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on neural plasticity and motor functions in rats with an incomplete spinal cord injury: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252965. [PMID: 34086836 PMCID: PMC8177618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on locomotor function, motor plasticity, and axonal regeneration in an animal model of incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Aneurysm clips with different compression forces were applied extradurally around the spinal cord at T10. Motor plasticity was evaluated by examining the motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Long-term iTBS treatment was given at the post-SCI 5th week and continued for 2 weeks (5 consecutive days/week). Time-course changes in locomotor function and the axonal regeneration level were measured by the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scale, and growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 expression was detected in brain and spinal cord tissues. iTBS-induced potentiation was reduced at post-1-week SCI lesion and had recovered by 4 weeks post-SCI lesion, except in the severe group. Multiple sessions of iTBS treatment enhanced the motor plasticity in all SCI rats. The locomotor function revealed no significant changes between pre- and post-iTBS treatment in SCI rats. The GAP-43 expression level in the spinal cord increased following 2 weeks of iTBS treatment compared to the sham-treatment group. This preclinical model may provide a translational platform to further investigate therapeutic mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation and enhance the possibility of the potential use of TMS with the iTBS scheme for treating SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Ainun Marufa
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chiun Liou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Afshari K, Dehdashtian A, Haddad NS, Jazaeri SZ, Ursu DC, Khalilzadeh M, Haj-Mirzaian A, Shakiba S, Burns TC, Tavangar SM, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Sumatriptan improves the locomotor activity and neuropathic pain by modulating neuroinflammation in rat model of spinal cord injury. Neurol Res 2020; 43:29-39. [PMID: 32935647 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1819090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic effects of sumatriptan in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms underlying this effect. METHODS Using an aneurysm mini-clip model of contusive SCI, T9-10 laminectomies were performed for 60 male rats. Animals were divided into six experimental groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: a minocycline administered positive control group, a saline-vehicle negative control group, a sham-operated group, and three experimental groups which received separate doses of sumatriptan (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg). Behavioural assessments were used to evaluate locomotor activity and neuropathic pain for 28 days. At the end of the study, spinal cord tissues were collected from sacrificed animals for histopathological analysis. Levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and two pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-1β) were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Sumatriptan significantly (P < 0.001) improved the locomotor activity in SCI group. Sumatriptan was also more effective than the positive control, i.e. minocycline (0.3 mg/kg). Additionally, sumatriptan and minocycline similarly attenuated the mechanical and thermal allodynia in SCI (P < 0.001). TNF-α, IL-1β and CGRP levels in sumatriptan- and minocycline-treated groups significantly (P < 0.001) decreased compared to controls. Histopathological analysis also revealed a markedly improvement in hemorrhage followed by inflammatory cell invasion, neuronal vacuolation, and cyst formation in both sumatriptan- and minocycline-treated groups compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS Sumatriptan improves functional recovery from SCI through its anti-inflammatory effects and reducing pro-inflammatory and pain mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Afshari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehdashtian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddad
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Daniel C Ursu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan , USA
| | - Mina Khalilzadeh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shakiba
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester , USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine , Worcester, MA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Liu X, Wang J, Li G, Lv H. Effect of combined chondroitinase ABC and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:25-30. [PMID: 29749479 PMCID: PMC6059675 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of combined hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) enzyme therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. A total of 48 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham, SCI, vehicle, HBO, ChABC enzyme and HBO + ChABC. Excluding the sham group, SCI was established in rats by a clip compression injury and rats subsequently received HBO treatment for 2 weeks with or without an intraspinal injection of 0.1 U/µl ChABC. Neuromotor functions were examined using the Basso‑Beattie‑Bresnahan locomotor rating scale and the inclined plane assessment at baseline and for 4 weeks following SCI establishment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured, in addition to the expression of glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK3β) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Results revealed that combined HBO and ChABC treatment significantly improved neuromotor function compared with the HBO or ChABC treatments alone. HBO and/or ChABC treatment significantly increased SOD and decreased MDA levels, as well as GSK3β expression, compared with the sham and SCI rats. The combined HBO and ChABC treatment significantly inhibited SCI‑induced AQP4 expression, but ChABC alone did not. Functional recovery in the HBO + ChABC group was significantly increased compared with the HBO or ChABC groups. These results indicate that combined HBO and ChABC treatment is more effective in treating SCI than either therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jiefeng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guangkuo Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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