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Yeh SD, Khasanah N, Gustafson KJ, Sun C, Tsai ML, Lin BS, Wu CW, Peng CW. Beneficial carry-over effects of chronic at-home genital nerve stimulation on incontinence in individuals with spinal cord injury: A pragmatic trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2024; 67:101799. [PMID: 38128350 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2023.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital nerve stimulation (GNS) is a promising, but under-researched, alternative treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in those with spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES To investigate the urodynamic, quality-of-life (QOL) and carry-over effects of GNS when applied at home for 2 weeks by participants with incomplete SCI and NDO during activities of daily living. METHODS Seven men and 1 woman participated in this 1-month protocol study. Urodynamic and QOL data were gathered during week 1 (baseline measurements), followed by 2 weeks of daily GNS at home using a portable device. GNS was applied either on-demand or thrice daily, depending on the individual's sensation. At week 4, post-stimulation tests were repeated to record any carry-over effect from the GNS. Participants maintained voiding diaries throughout the study. Assessments were carried out at the end of each protocol period in a randomized order. Clinical procedures were conducted at Taipei Medical University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). RESULTS Everyone completed the study but only 7 of the 8 participants completed their voiding diary. Two weeks after GNS, average cystometric bladder capacity was increased by 30 % compared to baseline (P< 0.05). A 1-week carry-over effect was demonstrated as this capacity remained, on average, 35 % greater than baseline in week 4 after GNS was stopped (P< 0.05). Incontinence frequency significantly decreased by the end of week 3 (P< 0.05) but no significant improvements were recorded for either detrusor pressure or bladder compliance. CONCLUSIONS Chronic at-home GNS improved cystometric bladder capacity and reduced urinary incontinence for individuals with incomplete SCI and NDO. A carry-over effect of 1 week was observed following GNS treatment. The use of portable GNS treatment that can be applied by the individual at home merits further investigation as alternative treatment for NDO in those with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauh-Der Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nurida Khasanah
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kenneth J Gustafson
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland FES Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering & Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chi Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Lin Tsai
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bor-Shing Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chung YH, Chen SJ, Lee CL, Wu CW, Chang YS. Relaxing Effects of Breathing Pseudotsuga menziesii and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils on Psychophysiological Status in Older Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15251. [PMID: 36429972 PMCID: PMC9690885 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of breathing Pseudotsuga menziesii (P. menziesii) and Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) essential oils (EOs) during a horticultural activity on older adults. A total number of 92 older adult (71.2 ± 7.7 years old) participants were guided through a leaf printing procedure. In the meantime, water vapor and EOs were diffused in an orderly manner. The heart rate variability-related parameters as well as the brain waves were recorded. In addition, we also collected data for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) questionnaires before and after the whole indoor natural activity program. The physiological parameters including standard deviation of normal to normal intervals, normalized high frequency (nHF), and high alpha wave increased while the normalized low frequency (nLF), the ratio of LF-to-HF power, high beta wave, and gamma wave decreased following the breathing of P. menziesii and L. angustifolia EOs. These changes indicated a relaxing effect of breathing both EOs during a horticultural activity on older adults. Our results demonstrated a beneficial effect of P. menziesii EO which is as good as a well-known relaxant L. angustifolia EO. This notion was supported by the results of STAI-S. Here we developed an indoor natural activity program for older adults to promote physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chung
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Jen Chen
- College of Nursing and Health, Kang Ning University, Taipei 11485, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Luug Lee
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, New Taipei 236354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Huang YJ, Wang SM, Chen C, Chen CA, Wu CW, Chen JJ, Peng CW, Lin CW, Huang SW, Chen SC. High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current with Electrical Theta Burst on Post-Stroke Motor Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:645-654. [PMID: 36047662 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-definition transcranial electrical theta burst superimposing direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS-eTBS) not only incorporates the therapeutic advantages of tDCS and TBS but enhances stimulation focality and practicality. However, the applicability of this innovative neuromodulatory device in post-stroke rehabilitation remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the HD-tDCS-eTBS on upper extremity (UE) motor function in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS A patient-blinded, randomized controlled study was conducted. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned into either the active HD-tDCS-eTBS group or sham HD-tDCS-eTBS group. Both groups received 20 minutes of active/sham HD-tDCS-eTBS combined with 30 minutes of conventional UE rehabilitation each time, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity, Wolf Motor Function Test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Finger-Nose Test, and Modified Ashworth Scale were assessed before and immediately after the intervention period. RESULTS Spasticity of shoulder adductor (P = .05), elbow extensor (P = .04), and thumb flexor (P < .01) were significantly reduced in the active HD-tDCS-eTBS group versus the sham group. Nonsignificant trends in the improvements of most other outcome measures were in favor of the active HD-tDCS-eTBS group with moderate to large effect sizes (P = .06-.26, ηp2 = 0.06-0.16). No severe adverse events except for slight skin redness under the stimulus electrode was detected after the HD-tDCS-eTBS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that HD-tDCS-eTBS is safe and has therapeutic potential for post-stroke UE motor rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04278105).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Huang
- School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Shun-Min Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Chieh Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Jia-Jin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Che-Wei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Institute of Medical Informatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Shih-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
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Adeel M, Lin BS, Chen HC, Lai CH, Liou JC, Wu CW, Chan WP, Peng CW. Motor Neuroplastic Effects of a Novel Paired Stimulation Technology in an Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169447. [PMID: 36012710 PMCID: PMC9409074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired stimulation of the brain and spinal cord can remodel the central nervous tissue circuitry in an animal model to induce motor neuroplasticity. The effects of simultaneous stimulation vary according to the extent and severity of spinal cord injury. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the significant effects on an incomplete SCI rat brain and spinal cord through 3 min and 20 min stimulations after 4 weeks of intervention. Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were classified into six groups: (1) normal, (2) sham, (3) iTBS/tsDCS, (4) iTBS/ts-iTBS, (5) rTMS/tsDCS, and (6) rTMS/ts-iTBS. Paired stimulation of the brain cortex and spinal cord thoracic (T10) level was applied simultaneously for 3−20 min. The motor evoked potential (MEP) and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were recorded after every week of intervention for four weeks along with wheel training for 20 min. Three-minute stimulation with the iTBS/tsDCS intervention induced a significant (p < 0.050 *) increase in MEP after week 2 and week 4 treatments, while 3 min iTBS/ts-iTBS significantly improved MEP (p < 0.050 *) only after the week 3 intervention. The 20 min rTMS/ts-iTBS intervention showed a significant change only in post_5 min after week 4. The BBB score also changed significantly in all groups except for the 20 min rTMS/tsDCS intervention. iTBS/tsDCS and rTMS/ts-iTBS interventions induce neuroplasticity in an incomplete SCI animal model by significantly changing electrophysiological (MEP) and locomotion (BBB) outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shing Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chiun Liou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wing P. Chan
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3070)
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Yuan MH, Lo FC, Yu CP, Tung HH, Chang YS, Chiueh PT, Chang CC, Guan CY, Wu CW, Xu ZX, Lo SL. Nature-based solutions for securing contributions of water, food, and energy in an urban environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:58222-58230. [PMID: 35366723 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing awareness that nature-based solutions (NBS) prevent negative effects and secure ecosystem services. However, the potential of NBS to provide intended benefits has not been rigorously assessed. Water, food, and energy (WFE) are essential for human well-being. This study highlights the importance of NBS in terms of water, food, and energy. A set of on-site NBS that includes permeable pavements, plant microbial fuel cells, bio-filtration basins, and rain gardens is used to determine the contribution of NBS to the environmental and economic development of urban environments. The results of this study show that NBSs benefit an urban environment in terms of water treatment, stormwater retention, food production and energy generation, carbon sequestration, pollination, sedimentation retention, and cultural services dimension. This research highlights an urgent need for the integration of water, food, and energy plans to ensure that NBSs contribute to the environment and for the conservation of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Yuan
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica (AS), Academia Rd, No. 128, Sec. 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Chen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Hsin Tung
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture, Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, No. 1, Ln. 380, Qingyun Rd, Tucheng Dist, 236302, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Te Chiueh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Shennong Rd, Yilan, 260, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, No. 1, Ln. 380, Qingyun Rd, Tucheng Dist, 236302, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xuan Xu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Chou-Shan Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Nguyen VT, Lu YH, Wu CW, Sung PS, Lin CCK, Lin PY, Wang SMS, Chen FY, Chen JJJ. Evaluating Interhemispheric Synchronization and Cortical Activity in Acute Stroke Patients Using Optical Hemodynamic Oscillations. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35617937 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac73b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An understanding of functional interhemispheric asymmetry in ischemic stroke patients is a crucial factor in the designs of efficient programs for post-stroke rehabilitation. This study evaluates interhemispheric synchronization and cortical activities in acute stroke patients with various degrees of severity and at different post-stroke stages. APPROACH Twenty-three patients were recruited to participate in the experiments, including resting-state and speed finger-tapping tasks at week-1 and week-3 post-stroke. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure the changes in hemodynamics in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the sensorimotor cortex (SMC). The interhemispheric correlation coefficient (IHCC) measuring the synchronized activities in time and the wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) measuring the phasic activity in time-frequency were used to reflect the symmetry between the two hemispheres within a region. The changes in oxyhemoglobin during the finger-tapping tasks were used to present cortical activation. MAIN RESULTS IHCC and WPCO values in the severe-stroke were significantly lower than those in the minor-stroke at low frequency intervals during week-3 post-stroke. Cortical activation in all regions in the affected hemisphere was significantly lower than that in the unaffected hemisphere in the moderate-severe stroke measured in week-1, however, the SMC activation on the affected hemisphere was significantly enhanced in week-3 post-stroke. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, non-invasive NIRS was used to observe dynamic synchronization in the resting-state based on the IHCC and WPCO results as well as hemodynamic changes in a motor task in acute stroke patients. The findings suggest that NIRS could be used as a tool for early stroke assessment and evaluation of the efficacy of post-stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Truong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Tainan, 70101, TAIWAN
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Tainan, 70101, TAIWAN
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University College of Biomedical Engineering, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei city, Taiwan 11031, Taipei, 11031, TAIWAN
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138,Sheng Li Road,Tainan, Taiwan 704, R.O.C, Tainan, 70403, TAIWAN
| | - Chou-Ching K Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, tainan, 70103, TAIWAN
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard U, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, UNITED STATES
| | - Shun-Min Samuel Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, Tainan, 70101, TAIWAN
| | - Fu-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, Taoyuan City, 32023, TAIWAN
| | - Jia-Jin Jason Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, ROC, Tainan, 70101, TAIWAN
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Adeel M, Chen HC, Lin BS, Lai CH, Wu CW, Kang JH, Liou JC, Peng CW. Oxygen Consumption (VO 2) and Surface Electromyography (sEMG) during Moderate-Strength Training Exercises. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19042233. [PMID: 35206420 PMCID: PMC8872100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen consumption (VO2) during strength training can be predicted through surface electromyography (sEMG) of local muscles. This research aimed to determine relations between VO2 and sEMG of upper and lower body muscles to predict VO2 from sEMG during moderate-intensity strength training exercises. Of the 12 participants recruited, 11 were divided into two groups: untrained (n = 5; with no training experience) and trained (n = 6; with 2 months of training experience). On different days, each individual completed six training sessions. Each participant performed training sessions consisting of three types of dumbbell exercises: shoulder press, deadlift, and squat, while wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements of VO2 using the Cortex Metalyzer 3B. sEMG measurements of the bilateral middle deltoid, lumbar erector spinae, quadriceps (rectus femoris), and hamstring (biceps femoris) muscles were recorded. The VO2 was predicted from sEMG root mean square (RMS) values of the investigated muscles during the exercise period using generalized estimating equation (GEE) modeling. The predicted models for the three types of exercises for the untrained vs. trained groups were shoulder press [QIC = 102, * p = 0.000 vs. QIC = 82, * p = 0.000], deadlift [QIC = 172, * p = 0.000 vs. QIC = 320, * p = 0.026], and squat [QIC = 76, * p = 0.000 vs. QIC = 348, * p = 0.001], respectively. It was observed that untrained vs. trained groups predicted GEE models [quasi-likelihood under an independence model criterion (QIC) = 368, p = 0.330 vs. QIC = 837, p = 0.058], respectively. The study obtained significant VO2 prediction models during shoulder press, deadlift, and squat exercises using the right and left middle deltoid, right and left lumbar erector spinae, left rectus femoris, and right and left biceps femoris sEMG RMS for the untrained and trained groups during moderate-intensity strength training exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shing Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Hung Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jiunn-Horng Kang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chiun Liou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (J.-C.L.)
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Lin KH, Lin TY, Wu CW, Chang YS. Protective Effects of Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Sage Plants ( Salvia officinalis L. and Salviaelegans Vahl) under High-Temperature Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102110. [PMID: 34685919 PMCID: PMC8540575 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature stress is a major risk to fresh-market Salvia production, and heat intolerance is a major constraint in sage cultivation, particularly during the hot summer season. Previously, we investigated heat tolerance in five common-market cultivars of sage plants using leaf relative injury (RI) values and found that S. elegans Vahl (SE) and S. officinalis L. (SO) were the most and least heat-tolerant species, respectively. The exogenous applications of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to alleviate heat stress in various species have been extensively studied, but reports of the effects of SA and CaCl2 treatments on the heat tolerance of sage plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate how SA and CaCl2 affect the physiology and morphology of SE and SO plants under high-temperature conditions. Potted plants were pretreated with SA (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) and CaCl2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM), alone and combined, exposed to 55 °C and 80% humidity for 30 min, then placed in an environment-controlled chamber at 30 °C for three days and evaluated for changes in phenotypic appearance, RI, spectral reflectance, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices at different time intervals. Plants watered without chemical solutions were used as controls. Our results show that the growth of SO plants pretreated with SA and CaCl2 was more robust, compared with control plants, which were considerably affected by heat stress, resulting in brown, withered leaves and defoliation. The effects of the combined applications of SA (100 μM) and CaCl2 (5 mM) to SO plants were superior to control plants in increasing values of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the maximal quantum yield of photosystemII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while reducing RI%. Furthermore, SO plants exhibited higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values and lower RI% than SE plants in combined treatments at all time intervals after heat stress, implying that different genotypes displayed variations in their SPAD, Fv/Fm, and RI%. Thus, a combined treatment of 100 μM of SA and 5 mM of CaCl2 is effective and beneficial to plant appearance and ability to ameliorate heat stress. These indices can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants and applied on a commercial scale for informing the development of rapid and precise management practices on bedded sage plants grown in plant factories to achieve maximum market benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Tse-Yen Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, New Taipei 23630, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yu-Sen Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11106, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (Y.-S.C.)
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9
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Wang SMS, Huang YJ, Chen JJJ, Wu CW, Chen CA, Lin CW, Nguyen VT, Peng CW. Designing and pilot testing a novel high-definition transcranial burst electrostimulation device for neurorehabilitation. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34479230 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac23be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Non-invasive brain stimulation has been promoted to facilitate neuromodulation in treating neurological diseases. Recently, high-definition (HD) transcranial electrical stimulation and a novel electrical waveform combining a direct current (DC) and theta burst stimulation (TBS)-like protocol were proposed and demonstrated high potential to enhance neuroplastic effects in a more-efficient manner. In this study, we designed a novel HD transcranial burst electrostimulation device and to preliminarily examined its therapeutic potential in neurorehabilitation.Approach.A prototype of the transcranial burst electrostimulation device was developed, which can flexibly output a waveform that combined a DC and TBS-like protocol and can equally distribute the current into 4 × 1 HD electrical stimulation by automatic impedance adjustments. The safety and accuracy of the device were then validated in a series ofin vitroexperiments. Finally, a pilot clinical trial was conducted to assess its clinical safety and therapeutic potential on upper-extremity rehabilitation in six patients with chronic stroke, where patients received either active or sham HD transcranial burst electrostimulation combined with occupational therapy three times per week for four weeks.Main results.The prototype was tested, and it was found to comply with all safety requirements. The output parameters were accurate and met the clinical study needs. The pilot clinical study demonstrated that the active HD transcranial burst electrostimulation group had greater improvement in voluntary motor function and coordination of the upper extremity than the sham control group. Additionally, no severe adverse events were noted, but slight skin redness under the stimulus electrode immediately after stimulation was seen.Conclusions.The results demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating the HD electrical DC and TBS-like protocol in our device; and the novel neuromodulatory device produced positive neurorehabilitation outcomes in a safe fashion, which could be the basis for the future clinical implementation for treating neurological diseases.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04278105. Registered on 20 February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Min Samuel Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin Jason Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Van-Truong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Li Y, Zhang W, Lu YC, Wu CW. Hyper-viscoelastic mechanical behavior of cranial pia mater in tension. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 80:105108. [PMID: 32736277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranial pia mater, the innermost layer of the meninges, protects the central nervous system by tightly wrapping the brain and damping the external impact force to the brain. Accurate experimental data of the mechanical property of the cranial pia mater can enhance the theoretical prediction of traumatic brain injury or the scientific surgery design for brain disease. The aim of this study is to characterize the mechanical behavior of the cranial pia mater. METHODS In vitro tensile and stress-relaxation experiments of ovine cranial pia mater specimens were conducted at eight strain rates to characterize the rate-dependent viscoelastic property. The tensile and stress-relaxation experimental data were fitted by an Ogden hyper-viscoelastic model with a strain rate function to describe the mechanical behavior of the cranial pia mater. FINDINGS The elastic modulus and the ultimate stress are significantly increased from 5.545 MPa and 0.535 MPa at 0.00167 s-1 to 18.345 MPa and 2.547 MPa at 0.83 s-1 (p < .0001), respectively. The initial stress and the long-term stress (300 s) are also increased significantly with the increasing strain rates (p < .0001). A good fit of the experimental data with the Ogden hyper-viscoelastic model incorporated with a strain rate function was achieved (R2 > 0.93). INTERPRETATION The cranial pia mater exhibits as a rate-dependent hyper-viscoelastic material in the tensile and stress-relaxation experiments. Compared with the brain, the stiffer nature of the cranial pia mater indicates its essential role in brain protection. The rate-dependent constitutive model provides a proper description of the hyper-viscoelastic characteristics of the cranial pia mater in tension and may provide a basic constitutive relationship for numerical simulations of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Y-C Lu
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - C W Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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11
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Kung CY, Fang WL, Wang RF, Liu CA, Li AFY, Wu CW, Shyr YM, Chou SC, Huang KH. Prognosis and clinicopathologic features in patients with gastric stump cancer after curative surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e259-e264. [PMID: 32669931 DOI: 10.3747/co.27.6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric stump ("remnant") cancer is the development of a malignancy related to previous gastric surgery. Prognosis in gastric stump cancer, compared with that in primary gastric cancer, is still controversial. Methods From January 1988 to December 2012 at a single medical centre in Taiwan, 105 patients with gastric stump cancer, including 85 with previous peptic ulcer disease and 20 with previous gastric cancer, were analyzed for clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (os). Results The 5-year os rates for patients with gastric stump cancer and with primary gastric cancer were 51.2% and 54.5% respectively (p = 0.035). Analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics indicated that, compared with patients having primary gastric cancer, those with gastric stump cancer had more lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and had been diagnosed at a more advanced stage (p = 0.047). Multivariate analysis with os as an endpoint showed that age [p = 0.015; hazard ratio (hr): 2.300; 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.173 to 4.509], tumour size (p = 0.037; hr: 1.700; 95% ci: 1.031 to 2.801), stromal reaction (p = 0.021; hr: 1.802; 95% ci: 1.094 to 2.969), and pathologic N category (p = 0.001; hr: 1.449; 95% ci: 1.161 to 1.807) were independent predictors in gastric stump cancer. The os rates for patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer or peptic ulcer disease were 72.9% and 50.0% respectively (p = 0.019). The Borrmann classification was more superficial (p = 0.005), lymph node metastases were fewer (p = 0.004), and staging was less advanced (p = 0.025) in patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer than in their counterparts who previously had peptic ulcer disease. Conclusions Survival is poorer in patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had peptic ulcer disease than in those who previously had primary gastric cancer. Patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer and could receive curative gastrectomy tended to have a better prognosis because of a more superficial Borrmann classification. Regular follow-up in patients who have undergone gastric surgery is recommended for the early detection of gastric stump cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Kung
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W L Fang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R F Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C A Liu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A F Y Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y M Shyr
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S C Chou
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K H Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Wu CW, Yuen CM, Shao WC, Lee HY, Chung YJ, Chen JJJ. Measurement of Interhemispheric Correlation Coefficient in Rodent Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:4205-4208. [PMID: 31946796 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive brain imaging technique that measures hemodynamics by determining the optical properties of tissue. Clinical potential of NIRS for monitoring cerebral hemodynamics in cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke, has been studied. However, inconsistencies in measurements among studies, which are believed to be partly due to anatomical variance and diversity in disease presentation, limit the clinical feasibility of NIRS for stroke monitoring. In the present study, bihemispheric frequency-domain NIRS measurements on middle cerebral artery occlusion rats were performed. The discrepancy in interhemispheric synchronicity in hemodynamic oscillation appeared during the early reperfusion stage is related to the size of infarct that developed three days later. These NIRS parameters may have the potential to be early prognostic biomarkers for long-term stroke monitoring in the future translational investigation.
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13
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Wu CW, Chiu WT, Hsieh TH, Hsieh CH, Chen JJJ. Modulation of motor excitability by cortical optogenetic theta burst stimulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203333. [PMID: 30161250 PMCID: PMC6117070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) are protocols used in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or cortical electrical stimulation (CES) to facilitate or suppress corticospinal excitability. However, rTMS and CES excite all types of neuron in the target cortex probed by the coil or electrode, making it difficult to differentiate the effect of TBS on specific neural circuits involved in motor plasticity. In this study, TBS protocols were converted into an optogenetic model to achieve focalized and cell-type-specific cortical modulation. Light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) was expressed in the glutamatergic neuron in the primary motor cortex (M1) driven by the CaMKIIα promoter. A custom-made optrode comprising an optical fiber and a metal cannula electrode was fabricated to achieve optogenetic stimulation and simultaneous local field potential (LFP) recording. Single-pulse CES was delivered into M1 to elicit motor-evoked potential (MEP), which served as an indicator of motor excitability, before and after TBS intervention. Results show that both CES-iTBS and optogenetic iTBS (Opto-iTBS) can potentiate MEP activity. However, CES-cTBS suppressed MEP activity whereas Opto-cTBS enhanced it. This discrepancy may have resulted from the different neural networks targeted by the two TBS modalities, with CES-cTBS exciting all types of neuron and Opto-cTBS targeting excitatory neuron specifically. The results support the idea that intra-cortical networks determine the variation of TBS-induced neuroplasticity. This study shows that focalized and cell-type-specific brain stimulation using the optogenetic approach is viable and can be extended for further exploration of neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Han Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin Jason Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Meng YY, Wu CW, Yu B, Li H, Chen M, Qi GX. PARP-1 Involvement in Autophagy and Their Roles in Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells under Oxidative Stress. Folia Biol (Praha) 2018; 64:103-111. [PMID: 30394268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) are activated and involved in a series of cell processes under oxidative stress, which is associated with pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Research on their relationship under oxidative stress has been limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the activation, relationship, and role of autophagy and PARP-1 in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) death under oxidative stress. This study explored the signal molecule PARP-1 and autophagy in VSMCs using gene silencing and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated oxidative stress model. We observed that H2O2 could induce autophagy in VSMCs, and the inhibition of autophagy could protect VSMCs against oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Meanwhile, PARP-1 could also be activated by H2O2. Additionally, we analysed the regulatory role of PARP-1 in oxidative stress-mediated autophagy and found that PARP-1 was a novel factor involved in the H2O2-induced autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Finally, PARP-1 inhibition protected VSMCs against caspase-dependent apoptosis. These data suggested that PARP-1 played a critical role in H2O2-mediated autophagy and both of them were involved in apoptosis of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - C W Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - B Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Cardiology, No.1 Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - M Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - G X Qi
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Wu CW, Wu JY, Lee MTG, Lai CC, Wu IL, Tsai YW, Chang SS, Lee CC. Risk of incident active tuberculosis disease in patients treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a population-based study. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:82. [PMID: 28472944 PMCID: PMC5418697 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's most devastating public health threats. Our goal is to evaluate whether the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affect the risk of new incident active TB disease. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control analysis by using a 1 million longitudinally followed cohort, from Taiwan's national health insurance research database. Effects of NSAIDs on active TB were estimated by conditional logistic regression and adjusted using a TB-specific disease risk score (DRS). NSAIDs exposures were defined as having a prescription record of NSAIDs ≧ 7 days that ended between 31 and 90 days prior to the index date. RESULTS A total of 123,419 users of traditional NSAIDs, 16,392 users of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor (Coxibs), and 4706 incident cases of active TB were identified. Compared with nonusers, use of traditional NSAIDs was associated with an increased risk of TB in the unadjusted analysis ([RR], 1.39; 95% [CI], 1.24 - 1.57 and DRS adjusted analysis ([ARR], 1.30; 95% [CI], 1.15- 1.47). However, use of Coxibs was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of TB after DRS adjustment ([ARR], 1.23; 95% [CI], 0.89 - 1.70). CONCLUSIONS In this large population-based study, we found that subjects using traditional NSAIDs were associated with increased risk for active TB. We did not find evidence for a causative mechanism between traditional NSAIDs and TB, and more research is required to verify whether the association between traditional NSAIDs and TB is causal, or simply reflects an increased use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the early phases of TB onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Yih Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tse Gabriel Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Number 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shy-Shin Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No.252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Number 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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16
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Liu CW, Sung HC, Lin SR, Wu CW, Lee CW, Lee IT, Yang YF, Yu IS, Lin SW, Chiang MH, Liang CJ, Chen YL. Resveratrol attenuates ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesiveness to TNF-α-treated endothelial cells: evidence for an anti-inflammatory cascade mediated by the miR-221/222/AMPK/p38/NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44689. [PMID: 28338009 PMCID: PMC5364502 DOI: 10.1038/srep44689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, an edible polyphenolic phytoalexin, improves endothelial dysfunction and attenuates inflammation. However, the mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the molecular basis of the effects of resveratrol on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in HUVECs. The resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression. The inhibition of p38 phosphorylation mediated the reduction in ICAM-1 expression caused by resveratrol. Resveratrol also decreased TNF-α-induced IκB phosphorylation and the phosphorylation, acetylation, and translocation of NF-κB p65. Moreover, resveratrol induced the AMPK phosphorylation and the SIRT1 expression in TNF-α-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, TNF-α significantly suppressed miR-221/-222 expression, which was reversed by resveratrol. miR-221/-222 overexpression decreased p38/NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression, which resulted in reduced monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-treated ECs. In a mouse model of acute TNF-α-induced inflammation, resveratrol effectively attenuated ICAM-1 expression in the aortic ECs of TNF-α-treated wild-type mice. These beneficial effects of resveratrol were lost in miR-221/222 knockout mice. Our data showed that resveratrol counteracted the TNF-α-mediated reduction in miR-221/222 expression and decreased the TNF-α-induced activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB, thereby suppressing ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion. Collectively, our results show that resveratrol attenuates endothelial inflammation by reducing ICAM-1 expression and that the protective effect was mediated partly through the miR-221/222/AMPK/p38/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chung HP, Huang KH, Yang SL, Chang WK, Wu CW, Setzpfandt F, Pertsch T, Neshev DN, Chen YH. Adiabatic light transfer in titanium diffused lithium niobate waveguides. Opt Express 2015; 23:30641-30650. [PMID: 26698696 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of adiabatic light transfer in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) waveguides. This peculiar adiabatic tunneling scheme was implemented in a three-waveguide coupling configuration with the intermediate waveguide being inclined with respect to the outer waveguides to facilitate the adiabatic passage process. We have investigated and determined the adiabatic conditions of the LiNbO3 device in terms of the structure configuration of the waveguide system and found optimal structure parameters by both simulation and experimental approaches. Broadband adiabatic couplings of bandwidth ~456 and 185 nm and peak coupling efficiencies of >0.96 have been obtained with a 2-cm long device for TE- and TM-polarized fundamental modes, respectively. Longer (5 cm) devices were also studied and found to be useful in increasing the adiabaticity of the device, especially for the TM-polarized mode.
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Hsiao KY, Wu MH, Chang N, Yang SH, Wu CW, Sun HS, Tsai SJ. Coordination of AUF1 and miR-148a destabilizes DNA methyltransferase 1 mRNA under hypoxia in endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:894-904. [PMID: 26433194 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS DNA methylation is regulated by hypoxia in endometriosis. STUDY FINDING Hypoxia causes global hypomethylation through AU-rich element binding factor 1 (AUF1)/microRNA-148a (miR-148a)-mediated destabilization of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mRNA. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Eutopic endometrial and ectopic endometriotic stromal cells have the same genetic background, but differ in several cellular and molecular responses. Both hypoxia and DNA methylation regulate several genes involved in the development of endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS This laboratory study included 15 patients of reproductive age with endometriosis or normal menstrual cycles. Paired endometrial and endometriotic tissues were collected for assaying the levels of DNMT1, 3a and 3b using quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Primary cultured endometrial stromal cells maintained in normoxia/hypoxia (1% O2) or treated with hypoxia-mimetic compounds were also assayed. The levels of DNA 5-methylcytosine were assayed by using IHC in clinical specimens and murine tissues, and by ELISA in cultured stromal cells. The 3'-untranslated region reporter assay was used to evaluate the effect of hypoxia, microRNAs (miRNAs) and human antigen R (HuR)/AUF1 on DNMT1 mRNA stability. RNA immunoprecipitation was used to assess the interaction of HuR/AUF1 and miR-148a/DNMT1 mRNA under hypoxia. Finally, a transplant-induced mouse model of endometriosis using 20 mice was used to elucidate the alteration of Dnmt1 levels and DNA methylation in the endometriotic tissues. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Levels of DNMT1 mRNA and protein and 5-methylcytosine were lower in the ectopic stromal cells (P < 0.05) than in the eutopic cells. Treatment with hypoxia and its mimetic compounds recapitulated the reduced levels of DNMT1 and 5-methylcytosine levels (P < 0.05 versus control). Hypoxia treatment destabilized DNMT1 mRNA through recruitment of miR-148a and AUF1. Mutations introduced to the miR-148a targeting site or AU-rich element (ARE) restored the hypoxia-suppressed DNMT1 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) reporter activity (P < 0.05 versus control). Levels of proteins of three hypermethylated genes in endometrial stroma cells, GATA6, HOXA3 and SLC16A5, were elevated after 72 h of hypoxia treatment (P < 0.05 versus control). Finally, a transplant-induced model of endometriosis demonstrated the down-regulation of DNMT1 and a decrease in 5-methylcytosine in the endometriotic tissues (P < 0.05, eutopic versus ectopic). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Primary human cell cultures and a murine model were used in this study, and thus the results may not fully represent the situation in vivo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to elucidate how microenvironmental hypoxia links to the epigenetic effects of DNA methylation in the endometriosis, and to delineate the molecular mechanism of hypoxia-coordinated AUF1/miR-148a interaction and recruitment to DNMT1 mRNA during the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The development of future therapeutics in endometriosis may aim at disrupting this specific interaction and eventually restore the epigenetic regulation. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC101-2320-B-006-030-MY3). The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Yang Hsiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Han B, Zhang XY, Wang DY, Ren WW, Gu YY, Zhu L, Chang YL, Wang LP, Wu CW, Jin QQ, Chen C, Lyu DZ, Zhao JY, Shao B, He JC. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and psychotic symptoms in heroin dependence. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 62:80-5. [PMID: 26343470 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychotic symptoms are commonly observed among heroin users. Low serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported in schizophrenia and psychosis; however, studies assessing the relationship between serum BDNF levels and psychotic symptoms in heroin dependence are lacking. METHOD A total of 31 heroin-dependent patients who had never experienced psychotic symptoms during heroin consumption and 21 patients with a history of psychotic symptoms were consecutively recruited. We measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum BDNF levels during early abstinence. A gender- and age-matched sample of healthy controls was also recruited and underwent measurement of BDNF. RESULTS BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with psychotic symptoms than in those without psychotic symptoms (P<0.001). BDNF levels were not found to be correlated with sex, age, age of onset, duration of heroin use, average daily dose of heroin use, frequency of heroin use, SDS scores, BAI scores and BDI scores in the psychotic subsamples (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that heroin-dependent patients with psychotic symptoms share some of the neurotrophic insult that characterizes schizophrenia and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, BJ 100096, PR China; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D Y Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, People's Hospital of Yueqing, Wenzhou, 325600, China
| | - W W Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Y Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y L Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L P Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - C W Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Q Q Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - C Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - D Z Lyu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - B Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - J C He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Yau TO, Wu CW, Dong Y, Tang CM, Ng SSM, Chan FKL, Sung JJY, Yu J. microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1765-71. [PMID: 25233396 PMCID: PMC4453736 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in stool is a novel approach for the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The aim of this study is to investigate the use of miR-221 and miR-18a in stool samples as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. METHODS A miRNA expression array containing 667 miRNAs was performed to identify miRNA dysregulation in CRC tissues. We focused on miR-221 and miR-18a, two significantly upregulated miRNAs which were subsequently verified in 40 pairs of CRC tissues and 595 stool samples (198 CRCs, 199 polyps and 198 normal controls). RESULTS miR-221 and miR-18a were upregulated in the miRNA expression array. miR-221 and miR-18a levels were also significantly higher in 40 CRC tumours compared with their respective adjacent normal tissues. In stool samples, miR-221 and miR-18a showed a significant increasing trend from normal controls to late stages of CRC (P<0.0001). The levels of stool miR-221 and miR-18a were both significantly higher in subjects with stages I+II (miR-221: P<0.0001, miR-18a: P<0.0001) and stages III+IV of CRC (miR-221: P=0.0004, miR-18a: P<0.0001) compared with normal controls. The AUC of stool miR-221 and miR-18a were 0.73 and 0.67 for CRC patients as compared with normal controls, respectively. No significant differences in stool miR-221 and miR-18a levels were found between patients with proximal and distal CRCs. The use of antibiotics did not influence stool miRNA-221 and miRNA-18a levels. CONCLUSIONS Stool-based miR-221 can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for the detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Yau
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology & Therapeutics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - C W Wu
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology & Therapeutics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Dong
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C-M Tang
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - S S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - F K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Yu
- 1] Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology & Therapeutics Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Chiu WT, Lin CM, Tsai TC, Wu CW, Tsai CL, Lin SH, Chen JJJ. Real-time electrochemical recording of dopamine release under optogenetic stimulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89293. [PMID: 24586667 PMCID: PMC3930700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic PC12 cells can synthesize and release dopamine, providing a good cellular model for investigating dopamine regulation. Optogenetic stimulation of channelrhodopsin-2 provides high spatial and temporal precision for selective stimulation as a powerful neuromodulation tool for neuroscience studies. The aim of this study is to measure dopamine release from dopaminergic PC12 cells under optogenetic stimulation using electrochemical recording of self-assembled monolayers modified microelectrode with amperometric measurement in real time. The activation of PC12 cells under various optogenetic stimulation schemes are characterized by measuring single-cell Ca2+ imaging. After 10 seconds of optogenetic stimulation, the evoked intracellular Ca2+ level and dopamine current of channelrhodopsin-2-transfected PC12 cells were 1.6- and 3.5-fold higher than those of the control cells. The optogenetic stimulation effects on Ca2+ influx and dopamine release were 81% and 63% inhibition by using a Ca2+ channel antagonist Nifedipine. The results indicate that optogenetic stimulation can evoke voltage-gated Ca2+ channel-dependent dopamine exocytosis from PC12 cells in a cell specific, temporally precise and dose-dependent manner. This proposed dopamine recording system can be developed to be a good cell model for dopamine regulation and drug screening in vitro, or dopaminergic cell implantation therapy in vivo using optogenetic stimulation in a precise and convenient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chun Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lin Tsai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin Jason Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lü ZM, Cui WT, Liu LQ, Li HM, Wu CW. Phylogenetic relationships among Octopodidae species in coastal waters of China inferred from two mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:3755-65. [PMID: 24085437 DOI: 10.4238/2013.september.19.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Octopus in the family Octopodidae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) has been generally recognized as a "catch-all" genus. The monophyly of octopus species in China's coastal waters has not yet been studied. In this paper, we inferred the phylogeny of 11 octopus species (family Octopodidae) in China's coastal waters using nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial DNA genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA. Sequence analysis of both genes revealed that the 11 species of Octopodidae fell into four distinct groups, which were genetically distant from one another and exhibited identical phylogenetic resolution. The phylogenies indicated strongly that the genus Octopus in China's coastal waters is also not monophyletic, and it is therefore clear that the Octopodidae systematics in this area requires major revision. It is demonstrated that partial sequence information of both the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COI could be used as diagnostic molecular markers in the identification and resolution of the taxonomic ambiguity of Octopodidae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Lü
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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Qi P, Guo B, Zhang Z, Xie C, Wu CW. Complete mitochondrial genome of Abramis brama orientalis Berg (cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Leuciscinae). Mitochondrial DNA 2013; 25:351-2. [PMID: 23815319 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.803089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we cloned and sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Abramis brama orientalis Berg. The genome was 16,610 bp (LR) in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 main non-coding regions [the control region (CR) and the origin of the light strand replication], the gene composition and order of which was similar to those reported from other fish mitochondrial genomes. The overall base composition of the heavy strand was T 26.7%, C 26.5 %, A 30.0% and G 16.8%, with a slight A+T bias of 56.7%. This mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the Leuciscinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Qi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei , PR China and
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Yu CW, Juan LI, Hsu SC, Chen CK, Wu CW, Lee CC, Wu JY. Role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31:935-41. [PMID: 23601504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) is a diagnostic challenge. We aimed to systemically summarize the current evidence on the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) in identifying IE. METHODS We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and reference lists of relevant articles with no language restrictions through September 2012 and selected studies that reported the diagnostic performance of PCT alone or compare with other biomarkers to diagnose IE. We summarized test performance characteristics with the use of forest plots, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves, and bivariate random effects models. RESULTS We found 6 qualifying studies that included 1006 episodes of suspected infection with 216 (21.5%) confirmed IE episodes from 5 countries. Bivariate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, and negative likelihood ratios were 64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52%-74%), 73% (95% CI 58%-84%), 2.35 (95% CI 1.40-3.95), and 0.50 (95% CI 0.35-0.70), respectively. Of the 5 studies examining C-reactive protein (CRP), the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, and negative likelihood ratios were 75% (95% CI 62%-85%), 73% (95% CI 61%-82%), 2.81 (95% CI 1.70-4.65), and 0.34 (95% CI 0.19-0.60), respectively. The global measures of accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and diagnostic odds ratio (dOR), showed CRP (AUC 0.80, dOR 8.55) may have higher accuracy than PCT (AUC 0.71, dOR 4.67) in diagnosing IE. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence does not support the routine use of serum PCT or CRP to rule in or rule out IE in patients suspected to have IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Zhang N, Li X, Wu CW, Dong Y, Cai M, Mok MTS, Wang H, Chen J, Ng SSM, Chen M, Sung JJY, Yu J. microRNA-7 is a novel inhibitor of YY1 contributing to colorectal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 23208495 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using microRNA (miRNA) expression array, we identified that miR-7 was deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied the biological role and molecular target of miR-7 in CRC. miR-7 was downregulated in six out of seven colon cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-7 suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation (P<0.05), induced apoptosis (P<0.05) and caused cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase (P<0.05). The tumor suppressive function of miR-7 was further confirmed in nude mice (P<0.05). The 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) mRNA contains an evolutionarily conserved miR-7 binding site using in silico searches, luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed that miR-7 directly bound to YY1 3'UTR to negatively regulate the protein expression of YY1 in colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and LOVO. Intriguingly, knock-down of YY1 in three colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, LOVO and DLD1) consistently suppressed cell proliferation (P<0.01) and induced apoptosis (P<0.01), indicating the opposite functions of miR-7 and YY1 in CRC. Consistent with these data, ectopic expression of YY1 promoted cell growth by increasing proliferation (P<0.01) and suppressing apoptosis (P<0.001). The tumorigenic ability of YY1 was further confirmed in vivo in xenograft-nude mouse model (P<0.01). In addition, pathway analyses revealed that the oncogenic effect by YY1 was associated with inhibiting p53 and modulating its downstream effectors p15, caspase cascades and C-Jun, and activating Wnt signaling pathway through activating β-catenin, anti-apoptotic survivin and fibroblast growth factor 4. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that patients with YY1 protein high expression had a significant decrease in overall survival, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that these patients had significantly shorter survival than others (P<0.0001). In conclusion, MiR-7 is a novel miRNA with tumor suppressive function in colon cancer by targeting oncogenic YY1. YY1 promotes colon cancer growth through inhibiting p53 and promoting Wnt signaling pathways and serves as an independent prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- 1] Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong [2] Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dionigi G, Alesina PF, Barczynski M, Boni L, Chiang FY, Kim HY, Materazzi G, Randolph GW, Terris DJ, Wu CW. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in video-assisted thyroidectomy: lessons learned from neuromonitoring. Surg Endosc 2012; 26:2601-8. [PMID: 22476838 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-012-2239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of the study was to assess the mechanism of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). METHODS The study examined 201 nerves at risk (NAR). VAT with laryngeal neuromonitoring (LNM) was outlined according to this scheme: (a) preparation of the operative space; (b) vagal nerve stimulation (V1); (c) ligature of the superior thyroid vessels; (d) visualization, stimulation (R1), and dissection of the RLN; (e) extraction of the lobe; (f) resection of the thyroid lobe; (g) final hemostasis; (h) verification of the electrical integrity of the RLN (V2, R2). The site, cause, and circumstance of nerve injury were elucidated with the application of LNM. Laryngeal nerve injuries were classified into type 1 injury (segmental) and 2 (diffuse). RESULTS Fourteen nerves (6.9 %) experienced loss of R2 and V2 signals. 80 percent of lesions occurred in the distal 1 cm of the course of the RLN. The incidence of type 1 and 2 injuries was 71 and 29 % respectively. The mechanisms of injury were traction (70 %) and thermal (30 %). Traction lesions were created during the extraction of the lobe from the mini-incision [point (e)]. Thermal injury occurred during energy-based device use in (f) and (g) circumstances. CONCLUSIONS RLN palsy still occurs with routine endoscopic identification of the nerve, even combined with LNM. LNM has the advantage of elucidating the mechanism of RLN injury. Traction and thermal RLN injuries are the most frequent lesions in VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dionigi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery Research Center, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Zhang W, Shiozawa H, Wu CW, Hamerton I, Cox DC, Silva SRP. The effect of pH on the functionalization of nylon fabric with carbon nanotubes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:84-90. [PMID: 22523949 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were dispersed in water and attached to nylon fabrics by a dip-drying procedure; scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggest the attachment of the SWCNTs. The electrical resistance of the functionalized fabrics is found to be pH-dependent, which is correlated with the quantity of SWCNTs dispersed in water at different values of pH. This can be further ascribed to the influence of the pK(a) of the acid (e.g., acetic acid in this study) used to tune pH. The acid may affect the dispersion of SWCNTs through two different mechanisms: (1) the free protons may protonate the amine and/or sulfonate group in the dye molecules, resulting in a variety of interactions among the dye molecules, SWCNTs and water molecules and (2) the resulting ions may increase the ionic strength of the solution, compressing the electric double layers of SWCNT colloids and thus impairing their stability. The former possibility is ruled out by data obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy; thus the latter is proposed to account for the experimental results. The colour strength of the functionalized fabrics increases with increasing pH, which is in agreement with their measured electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Nanoelectronics Centre, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Microneedles have recently received much attention as a novel way for transdermal drug delivery. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the insertion process of the microneedle into human skin is reported using the finite element method. A multilayer skin model consisting of the stratum corneum, dermis and underlying hypodermis has been developed. The effective stress failure criterion has been coupled with the element deletion technique to predict the complete insertion process. The numerical results show a good agreement with the reported experimental data for the deformation and failure of the skin and the insertion force. The influences of the mechanical properties of the skin and the microneedle geometry (e.g. tip area, wall angle and wall thickness) on the insertion force are discussed. The numerical results are helpful for the optimum design of the microneedles for the transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Abstract
Recent researches have shed light on the biological importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) genesis, progression and response to treatments. The potential utility of miRNAs in the preclinical stage have been explored and investigated. In this review, we explored the literature and reviewed the cutting edge progress in the discovery of noninvasive plasma and faecal miRNAs for CRC early diagnosis, as well as their measurability and predictability. We also discussed the utility of miRNAs as novel prognostic and predictive markers, and their association with CRC clinical phenotypes including recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we summarised miRNA-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms and their potential influence on sporadic CRC susceptibility and therapeutic response. In conclusion, the use of miRNAs as biomarker for CRC is still in its infancy and need further characterisation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Shi LT, Jiang CG, Ma GJ, Wu CW. Electric field assisted manipulation of microdroplets on a superhydrophobic surface. Biomicrofluidics 2010; 4:41101. [PMID: 21221172 PMCID: PMC3017567 DOI: 10.1063/1.3523472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficient manipulation of low-volume droplets offers many potential applications in relation to chemical and biomedical tests and protocols. A novel approach to the manipulation of a microdroplet on a superhydrophobic surface is introduced in the present communication. The microdroplet was first picked up onto a hydrophilic needle, transported from one location to another, and finally released under the action of an electric field force. Three key parameters in this process, the radius of the droplet, the distance between the two electrodes, and the required voltage, were investigated. This study should be helpful for the design of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Shi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Yu J, Ma X, Cheung KF, Li X, Tian L, Wang S, Wu CW, Wu WKK, He M, Wang M, Ng SSM, Sung JJY. Epigenetic inactivation of T-box transcription factor 5, a novel tumor suppressor gene, is associated with colon cancer. Oncogene 2010; 29:6464-74. [PMID: 20802524 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes involved in the regulation of developmental processes. The function of TBX5 in cancer development is largely unclear. We identified that TBX5 was preferentially methylated in cancer using methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR. We aim to clarify the epigenetic inactivation, biological function and clinical significance of TBX5 in colon cancer. Promoter methylation was evaluated by combined bisulfite restriction analysis and bisulfite genomic sequencing. Cell proliferation was examined by cell viability assay and colony formation assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry and cell migration by wound-healing assay. TBX5 target genes were identified by cDNA microarray analysis. Cox regression model and log-rank test were used to identify independent predictors of prognosis. TBX5 was silenced or downregulated in 88% (7/8) colon cancer cell lines, but was expressed in normal colon tissues. Loss of gene expression was associated with promoter methylation. The biological function of TBX5 in human colon cancer cells was examined. Re-expression of TBX5 in silenced colon cancer cell lines suppressed colony formation (P<0.001), proliferation (P<0.001), migration and induced apoptosis (P<0.01). Induction of apoptosis was mediated through cross-talk of extrinsic apoptosis pathway, apoptotic BCL2-associated X protein and Granzyme A signaling cascades. TBX5 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, metastasis suppressor 1 and downregulation of synuclein gamma and metastasis-associated protein 1 family member 2. TBX5 methylation was detected in 68% (71/105) of primary colon tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with TBX5 methylation had a significantly poor overall survival (P=0.0007). In conclusion, we identified a novel functional tumor suppressor gene TBX5 inactivated by promoter methylation in colon cancer. Detection of methylated TBX5 may serve as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR China.
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Yu J, Ma X, Cheung KF, Li X, Tian L, Wang S, Wu CW, Wu WKK, He M, Wang M, Ng SSM, Sung JJY. Epigenetic inactivation of T-box transcription factor 5, a novel tumor suppressor gene, is associated with colon cancer. Oncogene 2010. [PMID: 20802524 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes involved in the regulation of developmental processes. The function of TBX5 in cancer development is largely unclear. We identified that TBX5 was preferentially methylated in cancer using methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR. We aim to clarify the epigenetic inactivation, biological function and clinical significance of TBX5 in colon cancer. Promoter methylation was evaluated by combined bisulfite restriction analysis and bisulfite genomic sequencing. Cell proliferation was examined by cell viability assay and colony formation assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry and cell migration by wound-healing assay. TBX5 target genes were identified by cDNA microarray analysis. Cox regression model and log-rank test were used to identify independent predictors of prognosis. TBX5 was silenced or downregulated in 88% (7/8) colon cancer cell lines, but was expressed in normal colon tissues. Loss of gene expression was associated with promoter methylation. The biological function of TBX5 in human colon cancer cells was examined. Re-expression of TBX5 in silenced colon cancer cell lines suppressed colony formation (P<0.001), proliferation (P<0.001), migration and induced apoptosis (P<0.01). Induction of apoptosis was mediated through cross-talk of extrinsic apoptosis pathway, apoptotic BCL2-associated X protein and Granzyme A signaling cascades. TBX5 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, metastasis suppressor 1 and downregulation of synuclein gamma and metastasis-associated protein 1 family member 2. TBX5 methylation was detected in 68% (71/105) of primary colon tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with TBX5 methylation had a significantly poor overall survival (P=0.0007). In conclusion, we identified a novel functional tumor suppressor gene TBX5 inactivated by promoter methylation in colon cancer. Detection of methylated TBX5 may serve as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR China.
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Kong XQ, Wu CW. Mosquito proboscis: an elegant biomicroelectromechanical system. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:011910. [PMID: 20866651 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.011910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mouthparts of female mosquitoes have evolved to form a special proboscis, a natural biomicroelectromechanical system (BMEMS), which is used for painlessly penetrating human skin and sucking blood. Scanning electron microscope observations show that the mosquito proboscis consists of a small bundle of long, tapering, and feeding stylets that are collectively called the fascicle, and a large scaly outer lower lip called the labium. During blood feeding, only the fascicle penetrates into the skin while the labium buckles back to remain on the surface of the skin. Here, we measured the dynamic force of penetration of the fascicle into human skin to reveal the mechanical principle underlying the painless process of penetration. High-speed video observations of movements associated with insertion of the fascicle indicate that the "smart" mosquito does not directly pierce its victim's skin with the fascicle. Instead, it uses the two maxillas as variable frequency microsaws with nanosharp teeth to advance into the skin tissue. This elegant BMEMS enables the mosquito to insert its feeding fascicle into human skin using an exceedingly small force (average of 16.5 μN).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Blundell TL, Pitts JE, Tickle IJ, Wood SP, Wu CW. X-ray analysis (1. 4-A resolution) of avian pancreatic polypeptide: Small globular protein hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 78:4175-9. [PMID: 16593056 PMCID: PMC319751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.7.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of avian pancreatic polypeptide (aPP), a 36-residue polypeptide with some hormonal properties, has been determined by using single isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering to 2.1-A resolution. The phases were extended to 1.4-A resolution by using a modified tangent formula. The molecule contains two regions of secondary structure-an extended polyproline-like helix (residues 1-8) and an alpha-helix (residues 14-31)-that run roughly antiparallel. The packing together of nonpolar groups from these regions gives the molecule a hydrophobic core in spite of its small size. The aPP molecules form a symmetrical dimer in the crystal stabilized principally by interlocking of nonpolar groups from the alpha-helices. The aPP dimers are crosslinked by coordination of Zn(2+); three aPP molecules contribute ligands to each zinc. The coordination geometry is a distorted trigonal bipyramid. The properties of the aPP molecule in solution are consistent with expectations based on the crystal structure. The aPP molecule has several general features in common with the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon. All three hormones have complex mechanisms for self-association. Like insulin, aPP seems to have a stable monomeric structure but its biological activity seems to depend on the more flexible COOH-terminal region analogous to the flexible NH(2)-terminal region of glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Blundell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX England
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Chen KT, Lu CS, Chang TH, Lai YY, Chang TH, Wu CW, Chen CC. Comparison of photodegradative efficiencies and mechanisms of Victoria Blue R assisted by Nafion-coated and fluorinated TiO2 photocatalysts. J Hazard Mater 2010; 174:598-609. [PMID: 19815344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this research were to study the effects of two modified photocatalysts, Nafion-coated TiO(2) and fluorinated TiO(2), and photocatalytic degradation of Victoria Blue R in aqueous solution. Photocatalytic degradation of Victoria Blue R was accelerated by the modified photocatalysts. Bulk and surface characterizations of the resulting powders were carried out. Attachment of the anions to the TiO(2) surface using the Nafion-coated-TiO(2) possibly results in increased adsorption of the cationic dye, and the degradation rate is larger for the cationic dye. It was found that Victoria Blue R on the two illuminated TiO(2) surfaces underwent very different changes. To obtain a better understanding on the mechanistic details of this modified-TiO(2)-assisted photodegradation of the Victoria Blue R dye with UV irradiation, a large number of intermediates of the process were separated, identified, and characterized by a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Several probable photodegradation pathways were proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Chen
- Department of General Education, Ming Hsing University of Science and Technology, 304 Taiwan, ROC
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Kao YH, Huang IYE, Chen CM, Wu CW, Hsu KJ, Chen CM. Late mandibular fracture after lower third molar extraction in a patient with Stafne bone cavity: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 68:1698-700. [PMID: 19939535 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Kao
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the quality of life, health satisfaction and family impact on caregivers of children with developmental delays in Taiwan. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS The caregivers of children with diagnoses of developmental delays recruited from a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. METHODS The main caregivers of 48 male and 22 female children with developmental delays were recruited. WHOQOL-BREF for health-related quality of life (HRQOL), PedsQL-Health Satisfaction for health satisfaction, PedsQL-Family Impact Module and Impact on Family Scale for family impact were evaluated. The correlation of caregivers' HRQOL, health satisfaction and family impact were also studied. RESULTS Caregivers in nuclear families had higher health satisfaction scores (78.2 for nuclear families vs. 66.9 for extended families, P < 0.05) when assessed by the PedQL-Health Satisfaction questionnaire. Children's age was negatively correlated with family impact, including parent (-0.272, P = 0.023), family (-0.262, P = 0.029) and total scores (-0.281, P = 0.018) as assessed using the PedsQL-Family Impact Module. CONCLUSION A negative relation between impact of burden and child's age suggests that family members gradually adapt to the delayed developmental status in their children as they grow. Caregivers in nuclear families having higher health satisfaction than those in extended families may be due to Chinese cultural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Hsieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu CW, Kong XQ, Wu D. Micronanostructures of the scales on a mosquito's legs and their role in weight support. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:017301. [PMID: 17677603 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.017301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We show here that the mosquito cannot only give rise to a higher water-supporting force than the water strider if the ratio of the water-supporting force to the body weight of the insect itself is compared, but also can safely take off or land on the water surface, and also can attach on any solid surface like the fly. We found that the mosquito's legs are covered by numerous scales consisting of the uniform microscale longitudinal ridges (nanoscale thickness and microscale spacing between) and nanoscale cross ribs (nanoscale thickness and spacing between). Such special delicate microstructure and/or nanostructure on the leg surface give a water contact angle of approximately 153 degrees and give a surprising high water-supporting ability. It was found that the water-supporting force of a single leg of the mosquito is about 23 times the body weight of the mosquito, compared with a water strider's leg giving a water-supporting force of about 15 times the body weight of the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms underlying the mitogenic effect of ferulic acid (FA), an active compound derived from Angelica sinensis, have never been elucidated. It was the aim of this study to investigate the proliferative effect of FA on human breast cancer cell lines and to elucidate its modulation mechanism on HER2 expression in MCF7 line. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using MCF7 (oestrogen receptor-positive; ER+, HER2-low), BT474 (ER+, HER2-high), MDAMB231 (ER-, HER2-low) and SKBR3 (ER-, HER2-high) human breast cancer cell lines as in vitro models, the mitogenic effects of FA were assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion assay and DNA flow cytometry. Ferulic acid-modulated cell signalling and HER2 gene expression were evaluated in MCF7 line by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Ferulic acid ER-dependently stimulated cell proliferation on MCF7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The HER2 oncogene (one of the prognostic factors of breast cancer) and ESR1 gene (oestrogen receptor-alpha; ERalpha) transcription were markedly up-regulated by FA treatment. Besides, HER2 signalling and its downstream molecules such as AKT and ERK1/2 were involved in FA-modulated ERalpha and cyclin D1 synthesis. Addition of anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab, abrogated FA-enhanced proliferative effect on MCF7 cells, indicated a positive feedback control for the action of HER2 in this setting. The fact that the ER antagonist blocked most of the FA-up-regulated HER2 expression, and that trastuzumab down-regulated ERalpha gene expression, suggested a cross-talk between ERalpha and HER2 signalling on MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION The authors' conclude that FA causes human breast cancer cell proliferation by up-regulation of HER2 and ERalpha expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu CW, Hsiung CA, Lo SS, Hsieh MC, Chen JH, Li AF, Lui WY, Whang-Peng J. Stage migration influences on stage-specific survival comparison between D1 and D3 gastric cancer surgeries. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31:153-7. [PMID: 15698731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We evaluate the influency stage migration in a randomised trial comparing D1 (N 1 lymphadenectomy) and D3 (N 1, 2 and 3 lymphadenectomy) dissections. METHODS Two hundred and thirteen curatively resected patients were analysed, with this TNM data. RESULTS After applying D3 patients' data according to simulated D1 staging, D3 resections were associated with up-staging to N2-3 levels in 8% of patients according to the N stage. The likelihood of N-status migration increased with increasing depth of invasion into the gastric wall. The increases in the calculated survival rate after stage migration on known 5-year survival rates were: 2% in stage IB, 1% in stage II, 4% in stage IIIA, and 1% in stage IIIB. CONCLUSIONS Stage migration secondary to meticulous lymph node dissection affects stage-specific survival rates. True therapeutic survival benefit of D3 resection can only be assessed in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wu
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University, ShiPai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Veum TL, Carlson MS, Wu CW, Bollinger DW, Ellersieck MR. Copper proteinate in weanling pig diets for enhancing growth performance and reducing fecal copper excretion compared with copper sulfate. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:1062-70. [PMID: 15080328 DOI: 10.2527/2004.8241062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 28-d experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low dietary concentrations of Cu as Cu-proteinate compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 with growth performance, plasma Cu concentrations, and Cu balance of weanling swine as the criteria. In the production study (Exp. 1), 240 crossbred pigs that averaged 19.8 d of age and 6.31 kg BW initially were group-fed (two or three pigs per pen) the basal diets (Phase 1: d 0 to 14 and Phase 2: d 14 to 28) supplemented with 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate, or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 (as-fed basis). The basal diets contained 16.5 ppm Cu supplied as CuSO4 before supplementation with Cu-proteinate or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. There were quadratic responses (P < or = 0.05) in ADFI and ADG for wk 1, Phases 1 and 2, and overall because ADFI was higher for pigs fed 25 or 50 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate, and ADG increased with increasing Cu-proteinate up to 50 ppm Cu. The Cu-proteinate treatment groups combined had a higher (P < or = 0.05) Phase 2 and overall ADFI and ADG than the CuSO4 group. In the mineral balance study (Exp. 2), 20 crossbred barrows that averaged 35 d of age and 11.2 kg/BW initially were placed in individual metabolism pens with total urine and fecal grab sample collections on d 22 to 26. Treatments were the basal Phase 2 diet supplemented with 0, 50, or 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate, or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 (as-fed basis). Treatments did not differ in growth performance criteria. There were linear increases (P < 0.001) in Cu absorption, retention, and excretion (milligrams per day) with increasing Cu-proteinate. Pigs fed 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate absorbed and retained more Cu and excreted less Cu (mg/d, P < or = 0.003) than pigs fed 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Plasma Cu concentrations increased linearly (P = 0.06) with increasing Cu-proteinate. In conclusion, weanling pig growth performance was increased by 50 or 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate in our production Exp. 1, but not in our balance Exp. 2, compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. However, 50 or 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate increased Cu absorption and retention, and decreased Cu excretion 77 and 61%, respectively, compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Veum
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211-5300, USA.
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Abstract
Dysfunction of the renal graft may not only be due to rejection but also other causes such as ischemia and reperfusion injury and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Antioxidant free radical scavengers may decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Previous animal studies suggest that vitamins C (ascorbic acid) and E (alpha-tocopherol) are both strong antioxidants, that decrease oxidative stress caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity. But there have been only limited reports about clinical efficacy. We report five cases supplemented with vitamin C (500 mg per day), vitamin E (500 mg per day), or both. After a 1- to 3-month prescription, the serum creatinine level decreased more than 20% from the original value. Interestingly, one patient had this experience: he ceased vitamin E for 1 month due to noncompliance. The serum creatinine level increased more than 50%. When he took vitamin E again, his serum creatinine level declined and returned to the previous level. From our limited experience, antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C or E may improve renal transplant function, especially in grafts donated from marginal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Loong
- Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A randomized comparison of D1 (level 1 lymphadenectomy) and D3 (levels 1, 2 and 3 lymphadenectomy) dissection was performed to evaluate morbidity and effects on survival from gastric cancer. METHODS A total of 221 patients were studied after resection for gastric cancer, 110 after D1 surgery and 111 after D3 surgery. RESULTS The morbidity rate was higher after D3 than after D1 resection (17.1 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 10.1 to 24.1) versus 7.3 (95 per cent c.i. 2.4 to 12.2) per cent respectively; P = 0.012). The difference was largely related to abdominal abscess (8.1 per cent after D3 versus none after D1 resection; P = 0.003). The D3 group had an anastomotic leak rate of 4.5 per cent whereas there was no leakage in the D1 group (P = 0.060). All anastomotic leaks were minor and were managed non-operatively with nutritional support. Patients who had D3 resection had longer operating times, greater blood loss and postoperative drain outputs, and more patients needed blood transfusion. There was no death in either group. The hospital stay was longer after D3 than D1 surgery (mean(s.d.) 19.6(13.9) (range 10-98) versus 15.0(4.0) (range 10-30) days; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer is associated with more complications than limited lymphadectomy but this does not lead to significant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wu
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lin C, Wang ST, Wu CW, Chuo LJ, Kuo YM. The association of a cystatin C gene polymorphism with late-onset Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2003; 46:111-5. [PMID: 14672279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A polymorphism in the cystatin C (CST3) gene was suggested to associate with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study we attempted to determine the association between CST3 polymorphism and AD or vascular dementia (VD), and whether such effects are dependent of the APOE4 allele. The polymorphisms of CST3 genotype were determined using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) followed by gel electrophoresis in 124 AD, 70 VD, and 115 control individuals. No statistical difference in CST3B allele frequencies was observed among all three groups. Associations between CST3B/B genotype and AD patients older than 75-year-old, or VD patients younger than 75-year-old were evident. The APOE4 allele alone significantly increased the odds for the developing AD, but not VD. A logistic regression analysis revealed that either CST3 or its interaction with APOE4 were not significant predictors of AD. However, a synergistic association of CST3 and APOE4 alleles was observed in predicting VD patients. These results suggest that CST3 might interact with APOE4 on conferring vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Loong
- Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Tsui PT, Lai ST, Leung WS, Mok NS, Wu CW, Lau ST, Choi YC. Prolonged jaundice following percutaneous coronary intervention and ticlopidine therapy. Hong Kong Med J 2002; 8:57-9. [PMID: 11861996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticlopidine, an adenosine diphosphate receptor blocker, is widely used to prevent subacute stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Along with neutropenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, cholestatic hepatitis is one of the most serious potential side-effects of ticlopidine therapy. Four patients with prolonged jaundice after ticlopidine therapy, including one fatal case, are presented. Alternative antithrombotic therapy for subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention is also described. Clopidogrel therapy was found to be safe and effective in two patients with a history of ticlopidine-related cholestatic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Tsui
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Laichikok, Hong Kong
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Wu CW, Eder PS, Gopalan V, Behrman EJ. Kinetics of coupling reactions that generate monothiophosphate disulfides: implications for modification of RNAs. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:842-4. [PMID: 11716671 DOI: 10.1021/bc0100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of guanosine-5'-monothiophosphate (GMPS) in an in vitro transcription reaction facilitates enzymatic synthesis of an RNA transcript with a monothiophosphate group at the 5' end. A kinetic study of the modification reactions that generate monothiophosphate disulfide linkages with either 5'-GMPS alone or 5'-GMPS-primed RNA as the substrate revealed that the second-order rate constants increased as the pH was decreased. For example, when the reaction pH was lowered from 8 to 4, the k2 value for the coupling reaction between N-(6-[biotinamido]hexyl)-3'-(2'-pyridyldithio)propionamide (biotin-HPDP) and GMPS increased 67-fold from 1.84 to 123 M(-1) x s(-1). In addition to discussing a possible mechanism for coupling reactions that involve GMPS and disulfides, we also indicate conditions that are likely to be optimal for modification of the nucleophilic sulfur in 5'-GMPS-primed RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1292, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Loong
- Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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50
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Chiou SH, Liu JH, Hsu WM, Chen SS, Chang SY, Juan LJ, Lin JC, Yang YT, Wong WW, Liu CY, Lin YS, Liu WT, Wu CW. Up-regulation of Fas ligand expression by human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene product 2: a novel mechanism in cytomegalovirus-induced apoptosis in human retina. J Immunol 2001; 167:4098-103. [PMID: 11564832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human CMV (HCMV) is an important pathogen that causes widespread diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Among the opportunistic HCMV infections, HCMV retinitis is most common in transplant recipients and AIDS patients. It often leads to blindness if left untreated. The question as to how HCMV infection causes retinal pathogenesis remains unresolved. Here, we report that viral immediate-early gene product 2 (IE2), but not IE1, up-regulates the Fas ligand (FasL) expression in HCMV-infected human retinal pigment epithelium cells. Increased secretion of FasL from virally infected cells into cultured medium was observed upon HCMV infection. The capability of such cell-free medium to induce apoptosis of Fas (CD95)-expressing Jurkat cells further implies that Fas-FasL interaction might mediate cell death in the lesion of HCMV retinitis. To support this idea, we observed augmented soluble FasL levels in vitreous from AIDS patients with HCMV retinitis as compared with that from AIDS patients without HCMV infection. In addition, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we detected enhanced signals of FasL, the existence of viral IE Ags and apoptotic cells at the same sites in the lesion of HCMV-infected retina. These results strongly suggest that IE2 induction of FasL expression in human retina might be an important event that takes place in the early stage of infection and finally leads to visual loss in individuals affiliated with HCMV retinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chiou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Infection, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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