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Julian KR, Kwong JW, Leversedge C, Zhuang T, Schroeder N, Kamal RN, Shapiro LM. Goal Concordant Care: A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating Correlates of Concordant Care and Association With Satisfaction and Outcomes. Hand (N Y) 2024:15589447241279458. [PMID: 39324747 DOI: 10.1177/15589447241279458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concordance between patient and physician goals has been associated with improved outcomes in many chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between goal concordant care, patient satisfaction, and patient experience and to analyze factors associated with goal concordant care in hand and upper extremity surgery. METHODS New patients who were 18 years or older were invited to participate. Goal concordant care was defined as the patient's previsit treatment goal matching the primary treatment received. The χ2 tests were used to evaluate the association between goal concordant care and patient satisfaction and patient experience. We conducted univariable logistic regression to evaluate variables for their association with concordance and multivariable logistic regression for variables that were significantly associated in the initial analyses to evaluate their aggregate influence on concordance. RESULTS In total, 169 patients enrolled. The rate of goal concordant care was 62%; concordance was not associated with patient satisfaction or experience. Age, sex, English proficiency, health literacy, education level, employment and relationship status, pain self-efficacy, symptom duration, functional disability, and patient-centered decision-making were not associated with concordant care. Patients with annual income less than $50,000 had significantly higher odds of goal discordant care. CONCLUSION Patients with lower income had more than 3 times the odds of receiving discordant care. However, discordant care was not associated with patient satisfaction or experience. Further studies on other pertinent outcomes are needed in orthopedic surgery (eg, treatment adherence). Known care disparities based on socioeconomic status may be mediated through care discordance and should be investigated.
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Sun BL, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Xiong X, Zhong YX, Xing K, Wan Z, Liu ZL, Huang SH, Liu JM. Prevalence of lumbar disc herniation in populations with different symptoms based on magnetic resonance imaging study. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 129:110839. [PMID: 39326345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is common in aged human beings. This study is to investigate the prevalence of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in different symptomatic populations attending outpatient clinics based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and to analyze the characteristics, distribution, and treatment strategies thereof. METHODS Patients who visited our outpatient clinics between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, with complaints of low back pain, either accompanied or unaccompanied by lower limb symptoms (radiating pain, numbness or muscle weakness), were included. All patients underwent comprehensive lumbar spine MRI examinations. The prevalence of LDH in different symptomatic populations, as well as the characteristics, distribution, and treatment strategies of disc herniation were analyzed. RESULTS Among 8,161 individuals (3,411 males and 4,750 females), 4,496 were diagnosed with LDH, resulting in a prevalence of 55.1 %. Of these, 683 (15.2 %) individuals underwent surgical treatment. Among all patients, 3,529 exhibited only low back pain symptoms, 1,820 (51.6 %) were diagnosed with LDH, and 201 (11.0 %) received surgical treatment. Additionally, 2,673 patients with low back pain accompanied by lower limb symptoms were identified, with 1,608 individuals (82.1 %) diagnosed with LDH; 319 (19.8 %) underwent surgical treatment. Furthermore, 1,959 patients presented with lower limb symptoms only, 1,068 (54.5 %) were diagnosed with LDH, and 163 received surgical treatment (P < 0.001). The prevalence rate for males was 58.8 %, compared to females with 52.4 % (P < 0.01). The prevalence of LDH exhibited an initially increasing trend, later decreasing with advancing age. L4/5 and L5/S1 were the most commonly affected segments. CONCLUSION LDH prevalence varies among patients with different symptoms, with a higher rate in those presenting with low back pain accompanied by lower limb symptoms. These symptomatic patients also exhibit a higher rate of surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006 PR China
| | - Xu Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yan-Xin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Kai Xing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zongmiao Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shan-Hu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jia-Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Seas A, Zachem TJ, Valan B, Goertz C, Nischal S, Chen SF, Sykes D, Tabarestani TQ, Wissel BD, Blackwood ER, Holland C, Gottfried O, Shaffrey CI, Abd-El-Barr MM. Machine Learning in the Diagnosis, Management, and Care of Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review of the Literature and Future Directions. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)01029-5. [PMID: 39332687 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Low back pain (LBP) remains the leading cause of disability globally. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a potentially useful tool to aid the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of LBP. PURPOSE In this review, we assess the scope of ML applications in the LBP literature and outline gaps and opportunities. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A scoping review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. METHODS Articles were extracted from the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases. Title/abstract and full-text screening was performed by two reviewers. Data on model type, model inputs, predicted outcomes, and ML methods were collected. RESULTS In total, 223 unique studies published between 1988-2023 were identified, with just over 50% focused on low-back-pain detection. Neural networks were used in 106 of these articles. Common inputs included patient history, demographics, and lab values (67% total). Articles published after 2010 were also likely to incorporate imaging data into their models (41.7% of articles). Of the 212 supervised learning articles identified, 168 (79.4%) mentioned use of a training or testing dataset, 116 (54.7%) utilized cross-validation, and 46 (21.7%) implemented hyperparameter optimization. Of all articles, only 8 included external validation and 9 had publicly available code. CONCLUSIONS Despite the rapid application of ML in LBP research, a majority of articles do not follow standard ML best practices. Furthermore, over 95% of articles cannot be reproduced or authenticated due to lack of code availability. Increased collaboration and code sharing are needed to support future growth and implementation of ML in the care of patients with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tanner J Zachem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duke Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno Valan
- Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Goertz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shiva Nischal
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Sully F Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Sykes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Troy Q Tabarestani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D Wissel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Oren Gottfried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Muhammad M Abd-El-Barr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Gill AS, Tullis B, Mace JC, Massey C, Pandrangi VC, Gutierrez JA, Ramakrishnan VR, Beswick DM, Soler ZM, Smith TL, Alt JA. Health care disparities and chronic rhinosinusitis: Does neighborhood disadvantage impact outcomes in sinonasal disease? Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:1302-1313. [PMID: 38367249 PMCID: PMC11294002 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to health outcomes but has not been well studied in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The area deprivation index (ADI) is a comprehensive measure of geographic SES that ranks neighborhood disadvantage. This investigation used ADI to understand the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on CRS treatment outcomes. METHODS A total of 642 study participants with CRS were prospectively enrolled and self-selected endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) or continued appropriate medical therapy as treatment. The 22-item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short-Form 6-D (SF-6D) health utility value scores were recorded pre- and post-treatment. Using residence zip codes, national ADI scores were retrospectively assigned to patients. Spearman's correlation coefficients (Rs) and Cramer's V effect size (φc) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS A history of ESS was associated with significantly worse ADI scores compared to no history of ESS (φc = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.25; p < 0.001). Baseline total SNOT-22 (Rs = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.22; p < 0.001) and SF-6D values (Rs = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.27, -0.12; p < 0.001) were significantly negatively correlated with national ADI rank. No significant correlations between ADI and within-subject improvement, or achievement of >1 minimal clinically important difference, in SNOT-22 or SF-6D scores after treatment were found. CONCLUSIONS Geographic socioeconomic deprivation was associated with worse baseline disease severity and history of prior surgical intervention. However, ADI did not correlate with improvement in disease-specific outcomes. The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on outcomes in CRS requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S. Gill
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benton Tullis
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jess C. Mace
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery/Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR
| | - Conner Massey
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Vivek C. Pandrangi
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery/Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR
| | - Jorge A. Gutierrez
- Department of Otolaryngology –Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vijay R. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel M. Beswick
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary M. Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology –Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Timothy L. Smith
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery/Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR
| | - Jeremiah A. Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Bernstein DN, Shin D, Poolman RW, Schwab JH, Tobert DG. Are Commonly Used Geographically Based Social Determinant of Health Indices in Orthopaedic Surgery Research Correlated With Each Other and With PROMIS Global-10 Physical and Mental Health Scores? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:604-614. [PMID: 37882798 PMCID: PMC10937004 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographically based social determinants of health (SDoH) measures are useful in research and policy aimed at addressing health disparities. In the United States, the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), Neighborhood Stress Score (NSS), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are frequently used, but often without a clear reason as to why one is chosen over another. There is limited evidence about how strongly correlated these geographically based SDoH measures are with one another. Further, there is a paucity of research examining their relationship with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in orthopaedic patients. Such insights are important in order to determine whether comparisons of policies and care programs using different geographically based SDoH indices to address health disparities in orthopaedic surgery are appropriate. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Among new patients seeking care at an orthopaedic surgery clinic, (1) what is the correlation of the NSS, ADI, and SVI with one another? (2) What is the correlation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 physical and mental health scores and the NSS, ADI, and SVI? (3) Which geographically based SDoH index or indices are associated with presenting PROMIS Global-10 physical and mental health scores when accounting for common patient-level sociodemographic factors? METHODS New adult orthopaedic patient encounters at clinic sites affiliated with a tertiary referral academic medical center between 2016 and 2021 were identified, and the ADI, NSS, and SVI were determined. Patients also completed the PROMIS Global-10 questionnaire as part of routine care. Overall, a total of 75,335 new patient visits were noted. Of these, 62% (46,966 of 75,335) of new patient visits were excluded because of missing PROMIS Global-10 physical and mental health scores. An additional 2.2% of patients (1685 of 75,335) were excluded because they were missing at least one SDoH index at the time of their visit (for example, if a patient only had a Post Office box listed, the SDoH index could not be determined). This left 35% of the eligible new patient visits (26,684 of 75,335) in our final sample. Though only 35% of possible new patient visits were included, the diversity of these individuals across numerous characteristics and the wide range of sociodemographic status-as measured by the SDoH indices-among included patients supports the generalizability of our sample. The mean age of patients in our sample was 55 ± 18 years and a slight majority were women (54% [14,366 of 26,684]). Among the sample, 16% (4381of 26,684) of patients were of non-White race. The mean PROMIS Global-10 physical and mental health scores were 43.4 ± 9.4 and 49.7 ± 10.1, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated among the three SDoH indices and between each SDoH index and PROMIS Global-10 physical and mental health scores. In addition, regression analysis was used to assess the association of each SDoH index with presenting functional and mental health, accounting for key patient characteristics. The strength of the association between each SDoH index and PROMIS Global-10 physical and mental health scores was determined using partial r-squared values. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS There was a poor correlation between the ADI and the NSS (ρ = 0.34; p < 0.001). There were good correlations between the ADI and SVI (ρ = 0.43; p < 0.001) and between the NSS and SVI (ρ = 0.59; p < 0.001). There was a poor correlation between the PROMIS Global-10 physical health and NSS (ρ = -0.14; p < 0.001), ADI (ρ = -0.24; p < 0.001), and SVI (ρ = -0.17; p < 0.001). There was a poor correlation between PROMIS Global-10 mental health and NSS (ρ = -0.13; p < 0.001), ADI (ρ = -0.22; p < 0.001), and SVI (ρ = -0.17; p < 0.001). When accounting for key sociodemographic factors, the ADI demonstrated the largest association with presenting physical health (regression coefficient: -0.13 [95% CI -0.14 to -0.12]; p < 0.001) and mental health (regression coefficient: -0.13 [95% CI -0.14 to -0.12]; p < 0.001), as confirmed by the partial r-squared values for each SDoH index (physical health: ADI 0.04 versus SVI 0.02 versus NSS 0.01; mental health: ADI 0.04 versus SVI 0.02 versus NSS 0.01). This finding means that as social deprivation increases, physical and mental health scores decrease, representing poorer health. For further context, an increase in ADI score by approximately 36 and 39 suggests a clinically meaningful (determined using distribution-based minimum clinically important difference estimates of one-half SD of each PROMIS score) worsening of physical and mental health, respectively. CONCLUSION Orthopaedic surgeons, policy makers, and other stakeholders looking to address SDoH factors to help alleviate disparities in musculoskeletal care should try to avoid interchanging the ADI, SVI, and NSS. Because the ADI has the largest association between any of the geographically based SDoH indices and presenting physical and mental health, it may allow for easier clinical and policy application. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We suggest using the ADI as the geographically based SDoH index in orthopaedic surgery in the United States. Further, we caution against comparing findings in one study that use one geographically based SDoH index to another study's findings that incorporates another geographically based SDoH index. Although the general findings may be the same, the strength of association and clinical relevance could differ and have policy ramifications that are not otherwise appreciated; however, the degree to which this may be true is an area for future inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Bernstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolf W. Poolman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph H. Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G. Tobert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ritter L, Liebert A, Eibl T, Schmid B, Steiner HH, Kerry G. Risk factors for prolonged length of stay after first single-level lumbar microdiscectomy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:81. [PMID: 38349463 PMCID: PMC10864423 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to identify risk factors that potentially prolong the hospital stay in patients after undergoing first single-level open lumbar microdiscectomy. METHODS A retrospective single-centre study was conducted. Demographic data, medical records, intraoperative course, and imaging studies were analysed. The outcome measure was defined by the number of days stayed after the operation. A prolonged length of stay (LOS) stay was defined as a minimum of one additional day beyond the median hospital stay in our patient collective. Bivariate analysis and multiple stepwise regression were used to identify independent factors related to the prolonged hospital stay. RESULTS Two hundred consecutive patients who underwent first lumbar microdiscectomy between 2018 and 2022 at our clinic were included in this study. Statistical analysis of factors potentially prolonging postoperative hospital stay was done for a total of 24 factors, seven of them were significantly related to prolonged LOS in bivariate analysis. Sex (p = 0.002, median 5 vs. 4 days for females vs. males) and age (rs = 0.35, p ≤ 0.001, N = 200) were identified among the examined demographic factors. Regarding preoperative physical status, preoperative immobility reached statistical significance (p ≤ 0.001, median 5 vs. 4 days). Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.043, median 5 vs. 4 days), anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet agents (p = 0.045, median 5 vs. 4 days), and postoperative narcotic consumption (p ≤ 0.001, median 5 vs. 4 days) as comorbidities were associated with a prolonged hospital stay. Performance of nucleotomy (p = 0.023, median 5 vs. 4 days) was a significant intraoperative factor. After linear stepwise multivariable regression, only preoperative immobility (p ≤ 0.001) was identified as independent risk factors for prolonged length of postoperative hospital stay. CONCLUSION Our study identified preoperative immobility as a significant predictor of prolonged hospital stay, highlighting its value in preoperative assessments and as a tool to pinpoint at-risk patients. Prospective clinical trials with detailed assessment of mobility, including grading, need to be done to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Ritter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Adrian Liebert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Thomas Eibl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmid
- Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Hans-Herbert Steiner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ghassan Kerry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
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Shaikh HJF, Cady-McCrea CI, Menga EN, Molinari RW, Mesfin A, Rubery PT, Puvanesarajah V. Socioeconomic disadvantage is correlated with worse PROMIS outcomes following lumbar fusion. Spine J 2024; 24:107-117. [PMID: 37683769 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with differential healthcare outcomes and may be proxied using the area-deprivation index (ADI). Few studies to date have investigated the role of ADI on patient-reported outcomes and clinically meaningful improvement following lumbar spine fusion surgery. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of SES on lumbar fusion outcomes using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective review of a single institution cohort. PATIENT SAMPLE About 205 patients who underwent elective one-to-three level posterior lumbar spine fusion. OUTCOME MEASURES Change in PROMIS scores and achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID). METHODS Patients 18 years or older undergoing elective one-to-three level lumbar spine fusion secondary to spinal degeneration from January 2015 to September 2021 with minimum one year follow-up were reviewed. ADI was calculated using patient-supplied addresses and patients were grouped into quartiles. Higher ADI values represent worse deprivation. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds were calculated using distribution-based methods. Analysis of variance testing was used to assess differences within and between the quartile cohorts. Multivariable regression was used to identify features associated with the achievement of MCID. RESULTS About 205 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The average age of our cohort was 66±12 years. The average time to final follow-up was 23±8 months (range 12-36 months). No differences were observed between preoperative baseline scores amongst the four quartiles. All ADI cohorts showed significant improvement for pain interference (PI) at final follow-up (p<.05), with patients who had the lowest socioeconomic status having the lowest absolute improvement from preoperative baseline physical function (PF) and PI (p=.01). Only those patients who were in the lowest socioeconomic quartile failed to significantly improve for PF at final follow-up (p=.19). There was a significant negative correlation between socioeconomic level and the absolute proportion of patients reaching MCID for PI (p=.04) and PF (p=.03). However, while ADI was a significant predictor of achieving MCID for PI (p=.02), it was nonsignificant for achieving MCID for PF. CONCLUSIONS Our study investigated the influence of ADI on postoperative PROMIS scores and identified a negative correlation between ADI quartile and the proportion of patients reaching MCID. Patients in the worse ADI quartile had lower chances of reaching clinically meaningful improvement in PI. Policies focused on alleviating geographical deprivation may augment clinical outcomes following lumbar surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim J F Shaikh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642 USA
| | - Clarke I Cady-McCrea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642 USA
| | - Emmanuel N Menga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642 USA
| | - Robert W Molinari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642 USA
| | - Addisu Mesfin
- Medstar Orthopaedic Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC 20007, USA
| | - Paul T Rubery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642 USA
| | - Varun Puvanesarajah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642 USA.
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Patel UJ, Shaikh HJF, Brodell JD, Coon M, Ketz JP, Soin SP. Increased Neighborhood Deprivation Is Associated with Prolonged Hospital Stays After Surgical Fixation of Traumatic Pelvic Ring Injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:1972-1979. [PMID: 37725686 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to understand the role of social determinants of health assessed by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) on hospital length of stay and discharge destination following surgical fixation of pelvic ring fractures. METHODS A retrospective chart analysis was performed for all patients who presented to our level-I trauma center with pelvic ring injuries that were treated with surgical fixation. Social determinants of health were determined via use of the ADI, a comprehensive metric of socioeconomic status, education, income, employment, and housing quality. ADI values range from 0 to 100 and are normalized to a U.S. mean of 50, with higher scores representing greater social deprivation. We stratified our cohort into 4 ADI quartiles. Statistical analysis was performed on the bottom (25th percentile and below, least deprived) and top (75th percentile and above, most deprived) ADI quartiles. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS There were 134 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Patients in the most deprived group were significantly more likely to have a history of smoking, to self-identify as Black, and to have a lower mean household income (p = 0.001). The most deprived ADI quartile had a significantly longer mean length of stay (and standard deviation) (19.2 ± 19 days) compared with the least deprived ADI quartile (14.7 ± 11 days) (p = 0.04). The least deprived quartile had a significantly higher percentage of patients who were discharged to a resource-intensive skilled nursing facility or inpatient rehabilitation facility compared with those in the most deprived quartile (p = 0.04). Race, insurance, and income were not significant predictors of discharge destination or hospital length of stay. CONCLUSIONS Patients facing greater social determinants of health had longer hospital stays and were less likely to be discharged to resource-intensive facilities when compared with patients of lesser social deprivation. This may be due to socioeconomic barriers that limit access to such facilities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi J Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Shaikh HJF, Anderson DE, Chait AR, Ramirez G, Bronstein RD, Goldblatt JP, Giordano BD, Maloney MD, Nicandri GT, Voloshin I, Mannava S. Use of Area Deprivation Index to Predict Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2815-2823. [PMID: 37551708 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231187904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic disparities correlate with worse outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. However, use of a surrogate to describe socioeconomic disadvantage has been a challenge. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a tool that encompasses 17 socioeconomic variables into a single metric based on census location. HYPOTHESIS Higher ADI would result in a worse minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and have less improvement in range of motion (ROM) following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHOD A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged quartile (ADIHigh) were compared with the least disadvantaged quartile (ADILow) in the ability to reach MCID. Demographic and surgical features were assessed for attainment of MCID. RESULTS In total 1382 patients were identified who underwent ARCR, of which a total of 306 patients met final inclusion criteria. A higher percentage of patients within the ADIHigh cohort identified as "Black" or "other" race and had government-issued insurance compared with the ADILow cohort (P < .05). The ADIHigh cohort had significantly worse postoperative forward flexion compared with the ADILow cohort (145.0°± 32.5° vs 156.3°± 23.4°; P = .001) despite starting with comparable preoperative ROM (P = .17). Logistic regression showed that ADI was the only variable significant for predicting achievement of MCID for all 3 PROMIS domains, with the ADIHigh cohort having significantly worse odds of achieving MCID Physical Function (odds ratio [OR], 0.31; P = .001), Pain Interference (OR, 0.21; P = .001), and Depression (OR, 0.28; P = .001). Meanwhile, age, sex, body mass index, and smoking history were nonsignificant. Moreover, "other" for race and Medicare insurance were significant for achievement of MCID Depression but not Physical Function or Pain Interference. Finally, ADI was the main feature for predictive logistic regression modeling. CONCLUSION ADI served as the only significant predictor for achieving MCID for all 3 PROMIS domains after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients who face high levels of socioeconomic disadvantage have lower rates of achieving MCID. In addition, patients with greater neighborhood disadvantage demonstrated significantly worse improvement in active forward flexion. Further investigation is required to understand the role of ADI on physical therapy compliance and to identify the barriers that prevent equitable postoperative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim J F Shaikh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Devon E Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alexander R Chait
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Ramirez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Robert D Bronstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John P Goldblatt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brian D Giordano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael D Maloney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gregg T Nicandri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ilya Voloshin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sandeep Mannava
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Siegel N, Lambrechts MJ, Karamian BA, Carter M, Magnuson JA, Toci GR, Krueger CA, Canseco JA, Woods BI, Kaye D, Hilibrand AS, Kepler CK, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD. Readmission and Resource Utilization in Patients From Socioeconomically Distressed Communities Following Lumbar Fusion. Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:E123-E130. [PMID: 36127771 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine whether: (1) patients from communities of socioeconomic distress have higher readmission rates or postoperative healthcare resource utilization and (2) there are differences in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) based on socioeconomic distress. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Socioeconomic disparities affect health outcomes, but little evidence exists demonstrating the impact of socioeconomic distress on postoperative resource utilization or PROMs. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent lumbar fusion at a single tertiary academic center from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2021. Patients were classified according to the distressed communities index. Hospital readmission, postoperative prescriptions, patient telephone calls, follow-up office visits, and PROMs were recorded. Multivariate analysis with logistic, negative binomial regression or Poisson regression were used to investigate the effects of distressed communities index on postoperative resource utilization. Alpha was set at P <0.05. RESULTS A total of 4472 patients were included for analysis. Readmission risk was higher in distressed communities (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.87; P =0.028). Patients from distressed communities (odds ratio, 3.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.60-9.72; P =0.003) were also more likely to be readmitted for medical, but not surgical causes ( P =0.514), and distressed patients had worse preoperative (visual analog-scale Back, P <0.001) and postoperative (Oswestry disability index, P =0.048; visual analog-scale Leg, P =0.013) PROMs, while maintaining similar magnitudes of clinical improvement. Patients from distressed communities were more likely to be discharged to a nursing facility and inpatient rehabilitation unit (25.5%, P =0.032). The race was not independently associated with readmissions ( P =0.228). CONCLUSION Socioeconomic distress is associated with increased postoperative health resource utilization. Patients from distressed communities have worse preoperative PROMs, but the overall magnitude of improvement is similar across all classes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Siegel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Bernstein DN, Lans A, Karhade AV, Heng M, Poolman RW, Schwab JH, Tobert DG. Are Detailed, Patient-level Social Determinant of Health Factors Associated With Physical Function and Mental Health at Presentation Among New Patients With Orthopaedic Conditions? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2023; 481:912-921. [PMID: 36201422 PMCID: PMC10097559 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that routinely collected patient sociodemographic characteristics (such as race and insurance type) and geography-based social determinants of health (SDoH) measures (for example, the Area Deprivation Index) are associated with health disparities, including symptom severity at presentation. However, the association of patient-level SDoH factors (such as housing status) on musculoskeletal health disparities is not as well documented. Such insight might help with the development of more-targeted interventions to help address health disparities in orthopaedic surgery. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) What percentage of patients presenting for new patient visits in an orthopaedic surgery clinic who were unemployed but seeking work reported transportation issues that could limit their ability to attend a medical appointment or acquire medications, reported trouble paying for medications, and/or had no current housing? (2) Accounting for traditional sociodemographic factors and patient-level SDoH measures, what factors are associated with poorer patient-reported outcome physical health scores at presentation? (3) Accounting for traditional sociodemographic factor patient-level SDoH measures, what factors are associated with poorer patient-reported outcome mental health scores at presentation? METHODS New patient encounters at one Level 1 trauma center clinic visit from March 2018 to December 2020 were identified. Included patients had to meet two criteria: they had completed the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 at their new orthopaedic surgery clinic encounter as part of routine clinical care, and they had visited their primary care physician and completed a series of specific SDoH questions. The SDoH questionnaire was developed in our institution to improve data that drive interventions to address health disparities as part of our accountable care organization work. Over the study period, the SDoH questionnaire was only distributed at primary care provider visits. The SDoH questions focused on transportation, housing, employment, and ability to pay for medications. Because we do not have a way to determine how many patients had both primary care provider office visits and new orthopaedic surgery clinic visits over the study period, we were unable to determine how many patients could have been included; however, 9057 patients were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. The mean age was 61 ± 15 years, and most patients self-reported being of White race (83% [7561 of 9057]). Approximately half the patient sample had commercial insurance (46% [4167 of 9057]). To get a better sense of how this study cohort compared with the overall patient population seen at the participating center during the time in question, we reviewed all new patient clinic encounters (n = 135,223). The demographic information between the full patient sample and our study subgroup appeared similar. Using our study cohort, two multivariable linear regression models were created to determine which traditional metrics (for example, self-reported race or insurance type) and patient-specific SDoH factors (for example, lack of reliable transportation) were associated with worse physical and mental health symptoms (that is, lower PROMIS scores) at new patient encounters. The variance inflation factor was used to assess for multicollinearity. For all analyses, p values < 0.05 designated statistical significance. The concept of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was used to assess clinical importance. Regression coefficients represent the projected change in PROMIS physical or mental health symptom scores (that is, the dependent variable in our regression analyses) accounting for the other included variables. Thus, a regression coefficient for a given variable at or above a known MCID value suggests a clinical difference between those patients with and without the presence of that given characteristic. In this manuscript, regression coefficients at or above 4.2 (or at and below -4.2) for PROMIS Global Physical Health and at or above 5.1 (or at and below -5.1) for PROMIS Global Mental Health were considered clinically relevant. RESULTS Among the included patients, 8% (685 of 9057) were unemployed but seeking work, 4% (399 of 9057) reported transportation issues that could limit their ability to attend a medical appointment or acquire medications, 4% (328 of 9057) reported trouble paying for medications, and 2% (181 of 9057) had no current housing. Lack of reliable transportation to attend doctor visits or pick up medications (β = -4.52 [95% CI -5.45 to -3.59]; p < 0.001), trouble paying for medications (β = -4.55 [95% CI -5.55 to -3.54]; p < 0.001), Medicaid insurance (β = -5.81 [95% CI -6.41 to -5.20]; p < 0.001), and workers compensation insurance (β = -5.99 [95% CI -7.65 to -4.34]; p < 0.001) were associated with clinically worse function at presentation. Trouble paying for medications (β = -6.01 [95% CI -7.10 to -4.92]; p < 0.001), Medicaid insurance (β = -5.35 [95% CI -6.00 to -4.69]; p < 0.001), and workers compensation (β = -6.07 [95% CI -7.86 to -4.28]; p < 0.001) were associated with clinically worse mental health at presentation. CONCLUSION Although transportation issues and financial hardship were found to be associated with worse presenting physical function and mental health, Medicaid and workers compensation insurance remained associated with worse presenting physical function and mental health as well even after controlling for these more detailed, patient-level SDoH factors. Because of that, interventions to decrease health disparities should focus on not only sociodemographic variables (for example, insurance type) but also tangible patient-specific SDoH characteristics. For example, this may include giving patients taxi vouchers or ride-sharing credits to attend clinic visits for patients demonstrating such a need, initiating financial assistance programs for necessary medications, and/or identifying and connecting certain patient groups with social support services early on in the care cycle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Bernstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda Lans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrect, the Netherlands
| | - Aditya V. Karhade
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn Heng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolf W. Poolman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph H. Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G. Tobert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang JK, Greenberg JK, Javeed S, Khalifeh JM, Dibble CF, Park Y, Jain D, Buchowski JM, Dorward I, Santiago P, Molina C, Pennicooke BH, Ray WZ. Association Between Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Lumbar Spine Surgery. Neurosurgery 2023; 92:92-101. [PMID: 36519860 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increased understanding of the impact of socioeconomic status on neurosurgical outcomes, the impact of neighborhood-level social determinants on lumbar spine surgery patient-reported outcomes remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of geographic social deprivation on physical and mental health of lumbar surgery patients. METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study analyzing patients undergoing lumbar surgery for degenerative disease from 2015 to 2018 was performed. Surgeries were categorized as decompression only or decompression with fusion. The area deprivation index was used to define social deprivation. Study outcomes included preoperative and change in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement (PROMIS) physical function (PF), pain interference (PI), depression, and anxiety (mean follow-up: 43.3 weeks). Multivariable imputation was performed for missing data. One-way analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression were used to evaluate the association between area deprivation index and PROMIS scores. RESULTS In our cohort of 2010 patients, those with the greatest social deprivation had significantly worse mean preoperative PROMIS scores compared with the least-deprived cohort (mean difference [95% CI]-PF: -2.5 [-3.7 to -1.4]; PI: 3.0 [2.0-4.1]; depression: 5.5 [3.4-7.5]; anxiety: 6.0 [3.8-8.2], all P < .001), without significant differences in change in these domains at latest follow-up (PF: +0.5 [-1.2 to 2.2]; PI: -0.2 [-1.7 to 2.1]; depression: -2 [-4.0 to 0.1]; anxiety: -2.6 [-4.9 to 0.4], all P > .05). CONCLUSION Lumbar spine surgery patients with greater social deprivation present with worse preoperative physical and mental health but experience comparable benefit from surgery than patients with less deprivation, emphasizing the need to further understand social and health factors that may affect both disease severity and access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Jacob K Greenberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Saad Javeed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Jawad M Khalifeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Christopher F Dibble
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deeptee Jain
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacob M Buchowski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ian Dorward
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Paul Santiago
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Camilo Molina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Brenton H Pennicooke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri USA
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Jayabalan P, Bergman R, Huang K, Maas M, Welty L. Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and the Outcome of Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections for Lumbar Radiculopathy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:52-57. [PMID: 35383580 PMCID: PMC9532465 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and pain reduction from epidural steroid injections for lumbar radiculopathy. METHODS The retrospective cohort consisted of patients undergoing epidural steroid injection for lumbar radiculopathy ( n = 544). Numeric Pain Rating Scale was measured at baseline and 2 wks after epidural steroid injection. Socioeconomic status was estimated using median family income in patients' ZIP code. Linear and mixed models examined demographic and clinical differences in pain before and after injection and whether family income moderated the effect. RESULTS Majority of patients were White (72.4%), female (56.4%), engaged in physical activity (68.2%), and underwent unilateral, transforaminal epidural steroid injection (86.0% and 92.1%, respectively). Non-White patients and those who did not engage in physical activity had higher baseline pain ( P < 0.05). Lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher baseline pain (β = 0.06 per $10,000, P = 0.01). Patients with lower socioeconomic status experienced larger improvement in pain after epidural steroid injection: -1.56 units for patients in the 10th percentile of family income versus -0.81 for 90th percentile. Being a current smoker was associated with higher pain (β = 0.76, P = 0.03) and engaging in structured physical activity with less pain (β = -0.07 P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Lower socioeconomic status was independently associated with higher pain alleviation after controlling for other potentially influential demographics. Modifiable lifestyle factors may be a target of potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Jayabalan
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Assistant Professor
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Kevin Huang
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Assistant Professor
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew Maas
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Leah Welty
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Abbas Akbari SH. Sociodemographics of Chiari I Malformation. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2022; 34:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xiong GX, Goh BC, Agaronnik N, Crawford AM, Smith JT, Hershman SH, Schoenfeld AJ, Simpson AK. Impact of insurance type on patient-reported outcome measures in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Spine J 2022; 22:1309-1317. [PMID: 35351668 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniations (LDH) are among the most common spinal conditions. Despite increased appreciation for the importance of social determinants of health, the role that these factors play in patients with lumbar disc herniations is poorly defined. PURPOSE To elucidate the association between insurance status and baseline patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the setting of lumbar disc herniations. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cohort study PATIENT SAMPLE: Baseline patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) were reviewed from 924 adult patients presenting for treatment of lumbar disc herniation within our institutional healthcare system (2015-2020). OUTCOME MEASURES The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function Short Form 10a (PF10a), PROMIS Global-Mental, PROMIS Global-Physical, and visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain were assessed. METHODS PROMIS scores at presentation were defined at the primary outcome and insurance status as the primary predictor. Differences in clinical and sociodemographic characteristics between our cohorts, stratified by insurance status, were evaluated using Wilcoxon rank-sum or chi-squared testing. We used multivariable negative binomial regression modeling to adjust for potential confounders including age, gender, race, language, ethnicity, comorbidity index, and median geospatial household income. RESULTS We included 924 patients, with mean age of 58.4 +/- 15.2 years and 52.6% male prevalence. Patients insured through Medicaid were more likely to be Black, Hispanic, and non-English speaking patients compared with the commercially insured. The Charlson Comorbidity index was significantly higher in the Medicare group. Following adjusted analysis, patients with Medicaid insurance had significantly worse PF10a (IRR, 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.96), as well as PROMIS Global-Physical score (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94), and VAS low back pain (IRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04-1.40) when compared to the commercially insured. CONCLUSIONS We encountered worse physical function, mental, and pain-related patient-reported outcomes for those with Medicaid insurance in a population of patients presenting for evaluation of lumbar disc herniation. These findings, including worse depression, anxiety, and higher axial back pain scores, merit further investigation into potential health system asymmetries, and should be accounted for by treating providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace X Xiong
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C Goh
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander M Crawford
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy T Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart H Hershman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Schoenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew K Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bernstein DN, Karhade AV, Bono CM, Schwab JH, Harris MB, Tobert DG. Sociodemographic Factors Are Associated with Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Completion in Orthopaedic Surgery: An Analysis of Completion Rates and Determinants Among New Patients. JB JS Open Access 2022; 7:e22.00026. [PMID: 35935603 PMCID: PMC9355105 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.22.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and, specifically, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), are increasingly utilized for clinical research, clinical care, and health-care policy. However, completion of these outcome measures can be inconsistent and challenging. We hypothesized that sociodemographic variables are associated with the completion of PROM questionnaires. The purposes of the present study were to calculate the completion rate of assigned PROM forms and to identify sociodemographic and other variables associated with completion to help guide improved collection efforts. Methods All new orthopaedic patients at a single academic medical center were identified from 2016 to 2020. On the basis of subspecialty and presenting condition, patients were assigned certain PROMIS forms and legacy PROMs. Demographic and clinical information was abstracted from the electronic medical record. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare characteristics among those who completed assigned PROMs and those who did not. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to determine which variables were associated with successful completion of assigned PROMs. Results Of the 219,891 new patients, 88,052 (40%) completed all assigned PROMs. Patients who did not activate their internet-based patient portal had a 62% increased likelihood of not completing assigned PROMs (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 1.66; p < 0.001). Non-English-speaking patients had a 90% (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.00; p < 0.001) increased likelihood of not completing assigned PROMs at presentation. Older patients (≥65 years of age) and patients of Black race had a 23% (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.27; p < 0.001) and 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.30; p < 0.001) increased likelihood of not completing assigned PROMs, respectively. Conclusions The rate of completion of PROMs varies according to sociodemographic variables. This variability could bias clinical outcomes research in orthopaedic surgery. The present study highlights the need to uniformly increase completion rates so that outcomes research incorporates truly representative cohorts of patients treated. Furthermore, the use of these PROMs to guide health-care policy decisions necessitates a representative patient distribution to avoid bias in the health-care system. Level of Evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Bernstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditya V. Karhade
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher M. Bono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph H. Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mitchel B. Harris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G. Tobert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sastry RA, Hagan MJ, Feler J, Shaaya EA, Sullivan PZ, Abinader JF, Camara JQ, Niu T, Fridley JS, Oyelese AA, Sampath P, Telfeian AE, Gokaslan ZL, Toms SA, Weil RJ. Influence of Time of Discharge and Length of Stay on 30-Day Outcomes After Elective Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery. Neurosurgery 2022; 90:734-742. [PMID: 35383699 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encouraging early time of discharge (TOD) for medical inpatients is commonplace and may potentially improve patient throughput. It is unclear, however, whether early TOD after elective spine surgery achieves this goal without a consequent increase in re-presentations to the hospital. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether early TOD results in increased rates of hospital readmission or return to the emergency department after elective anterior cervical spine surgery. METHODS We analyzed 686 patients who underwent elective uncomplicated anterior cervical spine surgery at a single institution. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, procedural, and discharge characteristics, and the outcomes of readmission or return to the emergency department and TOD. RESULTS In multiple logistic regression, TOD was not associated with increased risk of readmission or return to the emergency department within 30 days of surgery. Weekend discharge (odds ratio [OR] 0.33, 95% CI 0.21-0.53), physical therapy evaluation (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28-0.71), and occupational therapy evaluation (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.63) were all significantly associated with decreased odds of discharge before noon. Disadvantaged status, as measured by area of deprivation index, was associated with increased odds of readmission or re-presentation (OR 1.86, 95% CI 0.95-3.66), although this result did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION There does not appear to be an association between readmission or return to the emergency department and early TOD after elective spine surgery. Overuse of inpatient physical and occupational therapy consultations may contribute to decreased patient throughput in surgical admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Sastry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Matthew J Hagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joshua Feler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Elias A Shaaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Patricia Z Sullivan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jose Fernandez Abinader
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joaquin Q Camara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tianyi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jared S Fridley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adetokunbo A Oyelese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Prakash Sampath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Albert E Telfeian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven A Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robert J Weil
- Southcoast Health Brain & Spine, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
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Bernstein DN, Mesfin A. What's Important: Cross-Cultural Mentorship in Orthopaedic Surgery: Reflections from a Black Mentor and White Mentee. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:293-295. [PMID: 34157010 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David N Bernstein
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Addisu Mesfin
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Bernstein DN. CORR Insights®: Do Disparities in Wait Times to Operative Fixation for Pathologic Fractures of the Long Bones and 30-day Complications Exist Between Black and White Patients? A Study Using the NSQIP Database. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:64-66. [PMID: 34528920 PMCID: PMC8673987 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David N Bernstein
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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PROMIS Scores Should Not be Used in Isolation to Measure Outcomes in Lumbar Stenosis Patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E1262-E1268. [PMID: 34747910 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the strength of relationship between the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Adult Depression (AD), Physical Function (PF), and Pain Interference (PI) with the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSSQ) in assessing lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA In 2009, there were >35,000 surgeries for LSS, which amounted to $1.65 billion in health care cost. By 2021, there will be >2.4 million people in the United States with symptomatic LSS. There is an increasing emphasis on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to define value in medicine. Therefore, it would be beneficial to compare PROMIS, a universal PRO, against the SSSQ, the "criterion standard" for assessing LSS. METHODS Eighty-two patients with LSS completing the PROMIS and SSSQ were enrolled. Per existing institutional protocol, PROMIS AD, PF, and PI were completed at every clinic visit. Linear regression analysis was then performed to evaluate how well the SSSQ and PROMIS scores correlated to each other. RESULTS When linear regression was performed for pre-treatment values, the R2 value for the SSSQ PF versus PROMIS PF was 0.14 (P = 0.0008), whereas the R2 value for the SSSQ symptom severity versus PROMIS PI was 0.03 (P = 0.13). The R2 value for the combined SSSQ physical function and symptom severity versus PROMIS AD was 0.07 (P = 0.02). When post-treatment SSSQ satisfaction scores were correlated to postoperative PROMIS AD, PI, and PF scores, the R2 values for a good linear fit were 0.13, 0.25, and 0.18 respectively (P values: 0.01, 0.003, and 0.003). CONCLUSION Pre-treatment PROMIS scores do not adequately capture the disease-specific impact of spinal stenosis, but postoperative PROMIS scores better reflect outcomes after surgery for LSS. PROMIS scores should not be used in isolation to assess outcomes in patients with LSS.Level of Evidence: 4.
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