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Good Cop, Bad Cop: Defining the Roles of Δ40p53 in Cancer and Aging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061659. [PMID: 32585821 PMCID: PMC7352174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is essential for maintaining DNA integrity, and plays a major role in cellular senescence and aging. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to p53 dysfunction can uncover novel possibilities for improving cancer therapies and diagnosis, as well as cognitive decline associated with aging. In recent years, the complexity of p53 signalling has become increasingly apparent owing to the discovery of the p53 isoforms. These isoforms play important roles in regulating cell growth and turnover in response to different stressors, depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on Δ40p53, an N-terminally truncated p53 isoform. Δ40p53 can alter p53 target gene expression in both a positive and negative manner, modulating the biological outcome of p53 activation; it also functions independently of p53. Therefore, proper control of the Δ40p53: p53 ratio is essential for normal cell growth, aging, and responses to cancer therapy. Defining the contexts and the mechanisms by which Δ40p53 behaves as a "good cop or bad cop" is critical if we are to target this isoform therapeutically.
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Morten BC, Wong-Brown MW, Scott RJ, Avery-Kiejda KA. The presence of the intron 3 16 bp duplication polymorphism of p53 (rs17878362) in breast cancer is associated with a low Δ40p53:p53 ratio and better outcome. Carcinogenesis 2015; 37:81-86. [PMID: 26586794 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, but it has relatively low rates of p53 mutations, suggesting other mechanisms are responsible for p53 inactivation. We have shown that the p53 isoform, Δ40p53, is highly expressed in breast cancer, where it may contribute to p53 inactivation. Δ40p53 can be produced by alternative splicing of p53 in intron 2 and this is regulated by the formation of G-quadruplex structures in p53 intron 3, from which the nucleotides forming these structures overlap with a common polymorphism, rs17878362. rs17878362 alters p53 splicing to decrease fully spliced p53 messenger RNA (mRNA) in vitro following ionizing radiation and this in turn alters Δ40p53:p53. Hence, the presence of rs17878362 may be important in regulating Δ40p53:p53 in breast cancer. This study aimed to determine if rs17878362 was associated with altered Δ40p53 and p53 expression and outcome in breast cancer. We sequenced p53 in breast tumours from 139 patients and compared this with Δ40p53 and p53 mRNA expression. We found that the ratio of Δ40p53:p53 was significantly lower in tumours homozygous for the polymorphic A2 allele compared with those who were wild-type (A1/A1). Furthermore, there was a lower proportion of breast cancers carrying the A2 allele from patients who subsequently developed metastasis compared with those that did not. Finally, we show that patients whose tumours carried the polymorphic A2 allele had significantly better disease-free survival. These results show that rs17878362 is associated with a low Δ40p53:p53 ratio in breast cancer and that this is associated with better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna C Morten
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia and
| | - Michelle W Wong-Brown
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia and
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia and.,Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia and
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Lauková J, Kozubík A, Hofmanová J, Nekvindová J, Sova P, Moyer MP, Ehrmann J, Hyršlová Vaculová A. Loss of PTEN Facilitates Rosiglitazone-Mediated Enhancement of Platinum(IV) Complex LA-12-Induced Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141020. [PMID: 26492315 PMCID: PMC4619604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated for the first time an outstanding ability of rosiglitazone to mediate a profound enhancement of LA-12-induced apoptosis associated with activation of mitochondrial pathway in human colon cancer cells. This effect was preferentially observed in the G1 cell cycle phase, independent on p53 and PPARγ proteins, and accompanied with significant changes of selected Bcl-2 family protein levels. Further stimulation of cooperative synergic cytotoxic action of rosiglitazone and LA-12 was demonstrated in the cells deficient for PTEN, where mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was more stimulated and G1-phase-associated dying was reinforced. Our results suggest that combined treatment with rosiglitazone and LA-12 might be promising anticancer strategy in colon-derived tumours regardless of their p53 status, and also favourable in those defective in PTEN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Lauková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nekvindová
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sova
- Platinum Pharmaceuticals, a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary Pat Moyer
- INCELL Corporation LLC, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiří Ehrmann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
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Nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of lidocaine: Synthesis, structure and comparative in vitro evaluations of biological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:516-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Han X, Sun J, Wang Y, He Z. Recent Advances in Platinum (IV) Complex-Based Delivery Systems to Improve Platinum (II) Anticancer Therapy. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1268-99. [PMID: 26280923 DOI: 10.1002/med.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and its platinum (Pt) (II) derivatives play a key role in the fight against various human cancers such as testicular, ovarian, head and neck, lung tumors. However, their application in clinic is limited due to dose- dependent toxicities and acquired drug resistances, which have prompted extensive research effort toward the development of more effective Pt (II) delivery strategies. The synthesis of Pt (IV) complex is one such an area of intense research fields, which involves their in vivo conversion into active Pt (II) molecules under the reducing intracellular environment, and has demonstrated encouraging preclinical and clinical outcomes. Compared with Pt (II) complexes, Pt (IV) complexes not only exhibit an increased stability and reduced side effects, but also facilitate the intravenous-to-oral switch in cancer chemotherapy. The overview briefly analyzes statuses of Pt (II) complex that are in clinical use, and then focuses on the development of Pt (IV) complexes. Finally, recent advances in Pt (IV) complexes in combination with nanocarriers are highlighted, addressing the shortcomings of Pt (IV) complexes, such as their instability in blood and irreversibly binding to plasma proteins and nonspecific distribution, and taking advantage of passive and active targeting effect to improve Pt (II) anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres for protein capture. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:482-91. [PMID: 24998890 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The efficient isolation and concentration of protein antigens from complex biological samples is a critical step in several analytical methods, such as mass spectrometry, flow cytometry and immunochemistry. These techniques take advantage of magnetic microspheres as immunosorbents. The focus of this study was on the development of new superparamagnetic polymer microspheres for the specific isolation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Monodisperse macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres measuring approximately 5 μm and containing carboxyl groups were prepared by multistep swelling polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methoxy]ethyl methacrylate (MCMEMA) and ethylene dimethylacrylate (EDMA) as a crosslinker in the presence of cyclohexyl acetate as a porogen. To render the microspheres magnetic, iron oxide was precipitated within their pores; the Fe content in the particles received ∼18 wt%. Nonspecific interactions between the magnetic particles and biological media were minimized by coating the microspheres with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) terminated by carboxyl groups. The carboxyl groups of the magnetic PGMA microspheres were conjugated with primary amino groups of mouse monoclonal DO-1 antibody using conventional carbodiimide chemistry. The efficiency of protein p53 capture and the degree of nonspecific adsorption on neat and PEG-coated magnetic microspheres were determined by western blot analysis.
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Vondálová Blanářová O, Jelínková I, Hyršlová Vaculová A, Sova P, Hofmanová J, Kozubík A. Higher anti-tumour efficacy of platinum(IV) complex LA-12 is associated with its ability to bypass M-phase entry block induced in oxaliplatin-treated human colon cancer cells. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:665-76. [PMID: 24118195 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapeutic potential of conventionally used platinum-based drugs in treatment of colorectal tumours has been limited due to high incidence of tumour resistance to them and to their severe side effects. This evokes a search for more suitable anti-cancer drugs. We have compared ability of oxaliplatin and a novel platinum(IV) complex, LA-12, to modulate the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma HCT116 wt and p53/p21 null cells, and have investigated molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cycle-related changes were analysed by flow cytometry (bromodeoxyuridine/propidium iodide staining, histone H3 phosphorylation). Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry (assays monitoring caspase activity) and fluorescence microscopy (nuclear morphology). Changes in levels of genes/proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation were examined by RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Our results highlight the outstanding ability of LA-12 to induce effective elimination of colon cancer cells independently of p53/p21, and in significantly lower doses compared to oxaliplatin. While oxaliplatin induced p53- and p21-dependent G2 -phase arrest associated with downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdk1, LA-12 allowed cells to enter M-phase of the cell cycle regardless of p53/p21 status. CONCLUSIONS Higher malignant cell toxicity and ability to bypass cell cycle arrest important for the cell damage repair suggest LA-12 to be a more effective candidate for elimination of colon tumours from a variety of genetic backgrounds, compared with oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, 61265, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic
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Dutta J, Bhattacharya S. Controlled interaction of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with palladium: formation of bis-complexes with cis-geometry and organopalladium complexes, and their catalytic application in C–C and C–N coupling. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes of platinum: Syntheses, structures and cytotoxic properties. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Dutta J, Datta S, Kumar Seth D, Bhattacharya S. Mixed-ligand benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes of palladium containing N,O-donor ancillary ligands. Syntheses, structures, and catalytic application in C–C and C–N coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bouchal P, Jarkovsky J, Hrazdilova K, Dvorakova M, Struharova I, Hernychova L, Damborsky J, Sova P, Vojtesek B. The new platinum-based anticancer agent LA-12 induces retinol binding protein 4 in vivo. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:68. [PMID: 22040120 PMCID: PMC3221626 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial pharmacokinetic study of a new anticancer agent (OC-6-43)-bis(acetato)(1-adamantylamine)amminedichloroplatinum (IV) (LA-12) was complemented by proteomic screening of rat plasma. The objective of the study was to identify new LA-12 target proteins that serve as markers of LA-12 treatment, response and therapy monitoring. METHODS Proteomic profiles were measured by surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) in 72 samples of rat plasma randomized according to LA-12 dose and time from administration. Correlation of 92 peak clusters with platinum concentration was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS We identified Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) whose level correlated with LA-12 level in treated rats. Similar results were observed in randomly selected patients involved in Phase I clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS RBP4 induction is in agreement with known RBP4 regulation by amantadine and cisplatin. Since retinol metabolism is disrupted in many cancers and inversely associates with malignancy, these data identify a potential novel mechanism for the action of LA-12 and other similar anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bouchal
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kisova A, Zerzankova L, Habtemariam A, Sadler PJ, Brabec V, Kasparkova J. Differences in the cellular response and signaling pathways between cisplatin and monodentate organometallic Ru(II) antitumor complexes containing a terphenyl ligand. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:949-57. [PMID: 21480648 DOI: 10.1021/mp200105d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The new monofunctional Ru(II)-arene complex [(η⁶-arene)Ru(II)(en)Cl]+, where en = 1,2-diaminoethane and the arene is para-terphenyl (complex 1) exhibits promising cytotoxic effects in human tumor cells including those resistant to conventional cisplatin (J. Med. Chem.2008, 51, 5310). The present study is focused on the cellular pharmacology of 1 to elucidate more deeply the mechanisms underlying its antitumor effects. We have identified several cellular mechanisms induced by 1 in human ovarian carcinoma cells, including inhibition of DNA synthesis, overexpression and activation of p53, expression of proapoptotic proteins p21(WAF1) and Bax, G₀/G₁ arrest, and nuclear fragmentation as a result of apoptotic, and, to a much lower extent, also necrotic processes. Thus, 1 inhibits growth of the cancer cells through induction of apoptotic cell death and G₀/G₁ cell cycle arrest. Further investigations have shown that 1 induces apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. There were significant differences in cellular responses to the treatment with 1 and with conventional cisplatin, particularly in the kinetics and the extent of these responses. In addition, the distinct p53 activation profile of 1 compared with cisplatin provides an explanation for the activity of this ruthenium drug against cisplatin-resistant cells. Hence complex 1 may provide an alternative therapy in patients with acquired cisplatin resistance, particularly with respect to its very low mutagenicity and different mode of action compared to platinum antitumor drugs in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kisova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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Vondalova Blanarova O, Jelinkova I, Szoor A, Skender B, Soucek K, Horvath V, Vaculova A, Andera L, Sova P, Szollosi J, Hofmanova J, Vereb G, Kozubik A. Cisplatin and a potent platinum(IV) complex-mediated enhancement of TRAIL-induced cancer cells killing is associated with modulation of upstream events in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:42-51. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Onambele LA, Koth D, Czaplewska JA, Schubert US, Görls H, Yano S, Obata M, Gottschaldt M, Prokop A. Mitochondrial Mode of Action of a Thymidine-Based Cisplatin Analogue Breaks Resistance in Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2010; 16:14498-505. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kvardova V, Hrstka R, Walerych D, Muller P, Matoulkova E, Hruskova V, Stelclova D, Sova P, Vojtesek B. The new platinum(IV) derivative LA-12 shows stronger inhibitory effect on Hsp90 function compared to cisplatin. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:147. [PMID: 20550649 PMCID: PMC2893458 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin and its derivatives are commonly used anti-cancer drugs. However, cisplatin has clinical limitations including serious side effects and frequent emergence of intrinsic or acquired resistance. Thus, the novel platinum(IV) complex LA-12 represents a promising treatment modality, which shows increased intracellular penetration resulting in improved cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines, including cisplatin resistant cells. Results LA-12 disrupts cellular proliferation regardless of the p53 status in the cells, however the potency of the drug is greatly enhanced by the presence of a functional p53, indicating several mechanisms of action. Similarly to cisplatin, an interaction of LA-12 with molecular chaperone Hsp90 was proposed. Binding of LA-12 to Hsp90 was demonstrated by Hsp90 immunoprecipitation followed by platinum measurement using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). An inhibitory effect of LA-12 on Hsp90 chaperoning function was shown by decrease of Hsp90-assisted wild-type p53 binding to p21WAF1 promoter sequence in vitro and by accelerated ubiqutination and degradation of primarily unfolded mutant p53 proteins in cells exposed to LA-12. Conclusions To generalize our findings, LA-12 induced degradation of other Hsp90 client proteins such as Cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor was shown and proved as more efficient in comparison with cisplatin. This newly characterised molecular mechanism of action opens opportunities to design new cancer treatment strategy profitable from unique LA-12 properties, which combine DNA damaging and Hsp90 inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kvardova
- Department of Oncological and Experimental Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Roubalová E, Kvardová V, Hrstka R, Borilová S, Michalová E, Dubská L, Müller P, Sova P, Vojtesek B. The effect of cellular environment and p53 status on the mode of action of the platinum derivative LA-12. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:445-53. [PMID: 19499188 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the effects of LA-12 on tumor cell lines possessing wild type p53 and on p53-deficient/mutant cell lines and the results were compared to those obtained using cisplatin. We have determined changes of p53 levels, of its transcriptional activity, of its posttranscriptional modifications and the effect of the treatment on the cell cycle, on the induction of apoptosis and on gene expression. LA-12 induces weak accumulation of both transcriptionally active p53 tumor suppressor and of p21(WAF1/CIP1) protein. LA-12 and cisplatin also significantly differ in their effects on apoptosis and cell cycle and on gene expression spectra in studied cell lines. LA-12 induces higher apoptosis levels in comparison with those induced by cisplatin, especially in p53-deficient H1299 cells and in MCF-7DD cells with transcriptionally inactive p53. We suggest that LA-12-mediated apoptosis is not fully dependent on p53. This confirms the therapeutic potential of LA-12 as a more potent cytostatic agent for both tumor cells expressing wild type p53 and for p53-deficient or mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roubalová
- Department of Oncological and Experimental Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zlutý kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
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Grover R, Candeias MM, Fåhraeus R, Das S. p53 and little brother p53/47: linking IRES activities with protein functions. Oncogene 2009; 28:2766-72. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Cisplatin was one of the first chemotherapeutic agents to exhibit broad efficacy in solid tumors and it remains among the most widely used agents in the treatment of cancer. Its introduction inspired great efforts to design similarly effective platinum agents that overcome the three main limitations of cisplatin: toxicity, tumor resistance and poor oral bioavailability. However, 40 years after the initial discovery of cisplatin, only two platinum agents have garnered US FDA approval: carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Although hundreds of promising agents were tested in clinical trials during the 1990s, only oxaliplatin made it past clinical development. For a brief period, the economic cost of these unsuccessful efforts retarded further efforts to develop new agents. However, two exciting platinum agents have been brought to Phase III trials: satraplatin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer and picoplatin in small-cell lung cancer. If successful, they may inspire a new effort to bring better-designed platinum agents to market. This article reviews the clinical development of platinum agents to date and speculates on the role of platinum agents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Shah
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Don S Dizon
- Program in Women’s Oncology, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island/The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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