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Zhu K, Wang Y, Sarlus H, Geng K, Nutma E, Sun J, Kung SY, Bay C, Han J, Min JH, Benito-Cuesta I, Lund H, Amor S, Wang J, Zhang XM, Kutter C, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Högberg B, Harris RA. Myeloid cell-specific topoisomerase 1 inhibition using DNA origami mitigates neuroinflammation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54499. [PMID: 35593064 PMCID: PMC9253741 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting myeloid cells, especially microglia, for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), is underappreciated. Our in silico drug screening reveals topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitors as promising drug candidates for microglial modulation. We show that TOP1 is highly expressed in neuroinflammatory conditions, and TOP1 inhibition using camptothecin (CPT) and its FDA-approved analog topotecan (TPT) reduces inflammatory responses in microglia/macrophages and ameliorates neuroinflammation in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses of sorted microglia from LPS-challenged mice reveal an altered transcriptional phenotype following TPT treatment. To target myeloid cells, we design a nanosystem using β-glucan-coated DNA origami (MyloGami) loaded with TPT (TopoGami). MyloGami shows enhanced specificity to myeloid cells while preventing the degradation of the DNA origami scaffold. Myeloid-specific TOP1 inhibition using TopoGami significantly suppresses the inflammatory response in microglia and mitigates MS-like disease progression. Our findings suggest that TOP1 inhibition in myeloid cells represents a therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory diseases and that the myeloid-specific nanosystems we designed may also benefit the treatment of other diseases with dysfunctional myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Zhu
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heela Sarlus
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keyi Geng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shin-Yu Kung
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cindy Bay
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinming Han
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin-Hong Min
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Benito-Cuesta
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Lund
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Högberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Ho JSY, Mok BWY, Campisi L, Jordan T, Yildiz S, Parameswaran S, Wayman JA, Gaudreault NN, Meekins DA, Indran SV, Morozov I, Trujillo JD, Fstkchyan YS, Rathnasinghe R, Zhu Z, Zheng S, Zhao N, White K, Ray-Jones H, Malysheva V, Thiecke MJ, Lau SY, Liu H, Zhang AJ, Lee ACY, Liu WC, Jangra S, Escalera A, Aydillo T, Melo BS, Guccione E, Sebra R, Shum E, Bakker J, Kaufman DA, Moreira AL, Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Byun M, Albrecht RA, Schotsaert M, Garcia-Sastre A, Chanda SK, Miraldi ER, Jeyasekharan AD, TenOever BR, Spivakov M, Weirauch MT, Heinz S, Chen H, Benner C, Richt JA, Marazzi I. TOP1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced lethal inflammation. Cell 2021; 184:2618-2632.e17. [PMID: 33836156 PMCID: PMC8008343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting millions of lives worldwide. Large retrospective studies indicate that an elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors are associated with both increased disease severity and mortality. Here, using multidimensional epigenetic, transcriptional, in vitro, and in vivo analyses, we report that topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibition suppresses lethal inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic treatment with two doses of topotecan (TPT), an FDA-approved TOP1 inhibitor, suppresses infection-induced inflammation in hamsters. TPT treatment as late as 4 days post-infection reduces morbidity and rescues mortality in a transgenic mouse model. These results support the potential of TOP1 inhibition as an effective host-directed therapy against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. TPT and its derivatives are inexpensive clinical-grade inhibitors available in most countries. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of repurposing TOP1 inhibitors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sook Yuin Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bobo Wing-Yee Mok
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Laura Campisi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tristan Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Soner Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph A Wayman
- Divisions of Immunobiology and Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Natasha N Gaudreault
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - David A Meekins
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sabarish V Indran
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Igor Morozov
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jessie D Trujillo
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yesai S Fstkchyan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kris White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Helen Ray-Jones
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Siu-Ying Lau
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Honglian Liu
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anna Junxia Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alba Escalera
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Teresa Aydillo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Betsaida Salom Melo
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elaine Shum
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, NYU Langone Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jan Bakker
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Editor in Chief, Journal of Critical Care, NYU School of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Kaufman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Udeni B R Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Minji Byun
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emily R Miraldi
- Divisions of Immunobiology and Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin R TenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Virus Engineering Center for Therapeutics and Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine (HKUMed), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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The Expression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Type II Receptor (AMHRII) in Non-Gynecological Solid Tumors Offers Potential for Broad Therapeutic Intervention in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040305. [PMID: 33917111 PMCID: PMC8067808 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Until now, only a few studies have examined the AMHRII expression in tumors. Here, with more than 1000 tumor samples and using several complementary techniques we confirmed AMHRII expression in gynecological cancer and demonstrated AMHRII expression in certain non-gynecological cancers such as colorectal cancers. These findings open the way for new therapeutic approaches targeting AMHRII and emphasize the need to better understand the role of AMH/AMHRII in cancer. Abstract The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) belongs to the TGF-β family and plays a key role during fetal sexual development. Various reports have described the expression of AMH type II receptor (AMHRII) in human gynecological cancers including ovarian tumors. According to qRT-PCR results confirmed by specific In-Situ Hybridization (ISH) experiments, AMHRII mRNA is expressed in an extremely restricted number of normal tissues. By performing ISH on tissue microarray of solid tumor samples AMHRII mRNA was unexpectedly detected in several non-gynecological primary cancers including lung, breast, head and neck, and colorectal cancers. AMHRII protein expression, evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was detected in approximately 70% of epithelial ovarian cancers. Using the same IHC protocol on more than 900 frozen samples covering 18 different cancer types we detected AMHRII expression in more than 50% of hepato-carcinomas, colorectal, lung, and renal cancer samples. AMHRII expression was not observed in neuroendocrine lung tumor samples nor in non-Hodgkin lymphoma samples. Complementary analyses by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry confirmed the detection of AMHRII on a panel of ovarian and colorectal cancers displaying comparable expression levels with mean values of 39,000 and 50,000 AMHRII receptors per cell, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that this embryonic receptor could be a suitable target for treating AMHRII-expressing tumors with an anti-AMHRII selective agent such as murlentamab, also named 3C23K or GM102. This potential therapeutic intervention was confirmed in vivo by showing antitumor activity of murlentamab against AMHRII-expressing colorectal cancer and hepatocarcinoma Patient-Derived tumor Xenografts (PDX) models.
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4
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Drapkin BJ, Rudin CM. Advances in Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Translational Research. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038240. [PMID: 32513672 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, we have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This has been driven in part through the development of a more extensive array of representative models of disease, including a diverse variety of genetically engineered mouse models and human tumor xenografts. Herein, we review recent progress in SCLC model development, and consider some of the particularly active avenues of translational research in SCLC, including interrogation of intratumoral heterogeneity, insights into the cell of origin and oncogenic drivers, mechanisms of chemoresistance, and new therapeutic opportunities including biomarker-directed targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Whereas SCLC remains a highly lethal disease, these new avenues of translational research, bringing together mechanism-based preclinical and clinical research, offer new hope for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Drapkin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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5
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Yuin Ho JS, Wing-Yee Mok B, Campisi L, Jordan T, Yildiz S, Parameswaran S, Wayman JA, Gaudreault NN, Meekins DA, Indran SV, Morozov I, Trujillo JD, Fstkchyan YS, Rathnasinghe R, Zhu Z, Zheng S, Zhao N, White K, Ray-Jones H, Malysheva V, Thiecke MJ, Lau SY, Liu H, Junxia Zhang A, Chak-Yiu Lee A, Liu WC, Aydillo T, Salom Melo B, Guccione E, Sebra R, Shum E, Bakker J, Kaufman DA, Moreira AL, Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Byun M, Miraldi ER, Albrecht RA, Schotsaert M, Garcia-Sastre A, Chanda SK, Jeyasekharan AD, TenOever BR, Spivakov M, Weirauch MT, Heinz S, Chen H, Benner C, Richt JA, Marazzi I. Topoisomerase 1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation and death in animal models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33299999 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.01.404483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting millions of lives worldwide. Large retrospective studies indicate that an elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors are associated with both increased disease severity and mortality. Here, using multidimensional epigenetic, transcriptional, in vitro and in vivo analyses, we report that Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibition suppresses lethal inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic treatment with two doses of Topotecan (TPT), a FDA-approved Top1 inhibitor, suppresses infection-induced inflammation in hamsters. TPT treatment as late as four days post-infection reduces morbidity and rescues mortality in a transgenic mouse model. These results support the potential of Top1 inhibition as an effective host-directed therapy against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. TPT and its derivatives are inexpensive clinical-grade inhibitors available in most countries. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of repurposing Top1 inhibitors for COVID-19 in humans.
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6
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Melcher V, Graf M, Interlandi M, Moreno N, de Faria FW, Kim SN, Kastrati D, Korbanka S, Alfert A, Gerß J, Meyer zu Hörste G, Hartmann W, Frühwald MC, Dugas M, Schüller U, Hasselblatt M, Albert TK, Kerl K. Macrophage-tumor cell interaction promotes ATRT progression and chemoresistance. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:913-936. [PMID: 31848709 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are known for their heterogeneity concerning pathophysiology and outcome. However, predictive factors within distinct subgroups still need to be uncovered. Using multiplex immunofluorescent staining and single-cell RNA sequencing we unraveled distinct compositions of the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME) across ATRT subgroups. CD68+ cells predominantly infiltrate ATRT-SHH and ATRT-MYC and are a negative prognostic factor for patients' survival. Within the murine ATRT-MYC and ATRT-SHH TME, Cd68+ macrophages are core to intercellular communication with tumor cells. In ATRT-MYC distinct tumor cell phenotypes express macrophage marker genes. These cells are involved in the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance in our relapse xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, the tumor cell-macrophage interaction contributes to ATRT-MYC heterogeneity and potentially to tumor recurrence.
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7
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Bleijs M, van de Wetering M, Clevers H, Drost J. Xenograft and organoid model systems in cancer research. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101654. [PMID: 31282586 PMCID: PMC6670015 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient‐derived tumour xenografts and tumour organoids have become important preclinical model systems for cancer research. Both models maintain key features from their parental tumours, such as genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which allows them to be used for a wide spectrum of applications. In contrast to patient‐derived xenografts, organoids can be established and expanded with high efficiency from primary patient material. On the other hand, xenografts retain tumour–stroma interactions, which are known to contribute to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in patient‐derived tumour xenograft and tumour organoid model systems and compare their promises and challenges as preclinical models in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Bleijs
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc van de Wetering
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Blackhall F, Frese KK, Simpson K, Kilgour E, Brady G, Dive C. Will liquid biopsies improve outcomes for patients with small-cell lung cancer? Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:e470-e481. [PMID: 30191851 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumour that seeds metastases early with dismal outcomes. As expected from a disease that is closely associated with smoking, mutation burden in SCLC is high. Intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity is a substantial obstacle to successful treatment and the SCLC genomic landscape reveals few targets that are readily druggable. Chemotherapy elicits responses in most patients with SCLC, but their effects are short lived. Multiple clinical trials have been unsuccessful in showing positive survival outcomes and biomarkers to select patients and monitor responses to novel targeted treatments have been lacking, not least because acquisition of tumour biopsies, especially during relapse after chemotherapy, is a substantial challenge. Liquid biopsies via blood sampling in SCLC, notably circulating tumour cells and circulating free tumour DNA can be readily and repeatedly accessed, and are beginning to yield promising data to inform SCLC biology and patient treatment. Primary cell cultures and preclinical mouse models can also be derived from the relatively plentiful SCLC circulating tumour cells providing a tractable platform for SCLC translational research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Blackhall
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn Simpson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ged Brady
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence at University College London, London, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Zhu H, Wang C, Wang J, Chen D, Deng J, Deng J, Fan J, Badakhshi H, Huang X, Zhang L, Cai J, Guo S, Qian W, Nie Y, Li Q, Zhao K. A subset of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenografts respond to cetuximab, which is predicted by high EGFR expression and amplification. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:5328-5338. [PMID: 30416780 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is reportedly overexpressed in most esophageal tumors, but most targeted therapies showed no efficacy in non-selected patients. This study aims at investigating the adaptive cetuximab subset in a cohort of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Methods A large panel of ESCC PDXs has been established. The copy number, mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of key EGFR pathways have been examined along with cetuximab response. A preclinical trial on a randomly selected cohort of 16 ESCC PDXs was conducted, and the genomic annotations of these models were compared against the efficacy readout of the mouse trial. Results The trial identified that 7 of 16 (43.8%) responded to cetuximab (ΔT/ΔC <0 as responders). The gene amplification and expression analysis indicated that EGFR copy number ≥5 (P=0.035), high EGFR mRNA expression (P=0.001) and IHC score of 2-3 (P=0.034) are associated with tumor growth inhibition by cetuximab, suggesting EGFR may function as a single predictive biomarker for cetuximab response in ESCC. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that an ESCC subtype with EGFR amplification and overexpression benefits from cetuximab treatment, which warrants further clinical confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Dawei Chen
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiaying Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Jianhong Fan
- Department of Gynaecology, Renhe Hospital, Shanghai 200431, China
| | - Harun Badakhshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité School of Medicine and Centre for Cancer Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jie Cai
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Guo
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wubin Qian
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digest Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qixiang Li
- Crown Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kuaile Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Sereti E, Karagianellou T, Kotsoni I, Magouliotis D, Kamposioras K, Ulukaya E, Sakellaridis N, Zacharoulis D, Dimas K. Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) for personalized treatment of pancreatic cancer: emerging allies in the war on a devastating cancer? J Proteomics 2018; 188:107-118. [PMID: 29398619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the eighth most lethal cancer for men and ninth for women worldwide, remains dismal. The increasing rates of deaths by PDAC indicate that the overall management of the disease in 21st century is still insufficient. Thus it is obvious that there is an unmet need to improve management of PDAC by finding new biomarkers to screen high risk patients, confirm diagnosis, and predict response to treatment as well more efficacious and safer treatments. Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) have been developed as a new promising tool in an effort to mirror genetics, tumor heterogeneity and cancer microenvironment of the primary tumor. Herein we aim to give an updated overview of the current status and the perspectives of PDX in the search for the identification of novel biomarkers and improved therapeutic outcomes for PDAC but also their use as a valuable tool towards individualized treatments to improve the outcome of the disease. Furthermore, we critically review the applications, advantages, limitations, and perspectives of PDX in the research towards an improved management of PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and the potential role as well as the challenges of PDX in the road to fight one of the most lethal cancers in the developed countries, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Sereti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Kotsoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Magouliotis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kamposioras
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikos Sakellaridis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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11
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Gazdar AF, Bunn PA, Minna JD. Small-cell lung cancer: what we know, what we need to know and the path forward. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:725-737. [PMID: 29077690 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly tumour accounting for approximately 15% of lung cancers and is pathologically, molecularly, biologically and clinically very different from other lung cancers. While the majority of tumours express a neuroendocrine programme (integrating neural and endocrine properties), an important subset of tumours have low or absent expression of this programme. The probable initiating molecular events are inactivation of TP53 and RB1, as well as frequent disruption of several signalling networks, including Notch signalling. SCLC, when diagnosed, is usually widely metastatic and initially responds to cytotoxic therapy but nearly always rapidly relapses with resistance to further therapies. There were no important therapeutic clinical advances for 30 years, leading SCLC to be designated a 'recalcitrant cancer'. Scientific studies are hampered by a lack of tissue availability. However, over the past 5 years, there has been a worldwide resurgence of studies on SCLC, including comprehensive molecular analyses, the development of relevant genetically engineered mouse models and the establishment of patient-derived xenografts. These studies have led to the discovery of new potential therapeutic vulnerabilities for SCLC and therefore to new clinical trials. Thus, while the past has been bleak, the future offers greater promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
| | - Paul A Bunn
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
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12
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A set of defined oncogenic mutation alleles seems to better predict the response to cetuximab in CRC patient-derived xenograft than KRAS 12/13 mutations. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40815-21. [PMID: 26512781 PMCID: PMC4747370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab is a standard of care for treating EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) exclusive of those with KRAS mutations at codons 12/13. However, retrospective analysis has recently suggested that KRAS-G13D patients can still benefit, while only a fraction of KRAS wild-type patients can benefit, from the treatment. We set out to test this contradicting issue experimentally in an independent cohort of patient derived xenograft (PDX) diseases. We conducted a mouse clinical trial (MCT) enrolling a random cohort of 27 transcriptome sequenced CRC-PDXs to evaluate cetuximab activity. The treatment responses were analyzed against the KRAS 12/13 mutation alleles, as well as several other well-known oncogenic alleles. If the response is defined by >80% tumor growth inhibition, 8/27 PDXs (∼30%) are responders versus 19/27 non-/partial responders (∼70%). We found that indeed there are no significantly fewer KRAS-12/13-allele responders (4/8 or 50%) than non-/partial responders (7/19, or 37%). In particular, there are actually no fewer G13D responders (4/8, or 50%) than in non-/partial responders (2/19 or 10.5%) statistically. Furthermore, majority of the non-/partial responders tend to have certain activating oncogenic alleles (one or more of the following common ones: K/N-RAS-G12V/D, -A146T, -Q61H/R, BRAF-V600E, AKT1-L52R and PIK3CA-E545G/K). Our data on an independent cohort support the recent clinical observation, but against the current practiced patient stratification in the cetuximab CRC treatment. Meanwhile, our data seem to suggest that a set of the six-oncogenic alleles may be of better predictive value than the current practiced stratification, justifying a new prospective clinical investigation on an independent cohort for confirmation.
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13
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Colombo PE, du Manoir S, Orsett B, Bras-Gonçalves R, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Nguyen TT, Boissière F, Pourquier D, Bibeau F, Reis-Filho JS, Theillet C. Ovarian carcinoma patient derived xenografts reproduce their tumor of origin and preserve an oligoclonal structure. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28327-40. [PMID: 26334103 PMCID: PMC4695063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) patients frequently relapse by 24 months and develop resistant disease. Research on EOC therapies relies on cancer cell lines established decades ago making Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) attractive models, because they are faithful representations of the original tumor. We established 35 ovarian cancer PDXs resulting from the original graft of 77 EOC samples onto immuno-compromised mice. PDXs covered the diversity of EOC histotypes and graft take was correlated with early patient death. Fourteen PDXs were characterized at the genetic and histological levels. PDXs reproduced phenotypic features of the ovarian tumors of origin and conserved the principal characteristics of the original copy number change (CNC) profiles over several passages. However, CNC fluctuations in specific subregions comparing the original tumor and the PDXs indicated the oligoclonal nature of the original tumors. Detailed analysis by CGH, FISH and exome sequencing of one case, for which several tumor nodules were sampled and grafted, revealed that PDXs globally maintained an oligoclonal structure. No overgrowth of a particular subclone present in the original tumor was observed in the PDXs. This suggested that xenotransplantation of ovarian tumors and growth as PDX preserved at least in part the clonal diversity of the original tumor. We believe our data reinforce the potential of PDX as exquisite tools in pre-clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stanislas du Manoir
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Orsett
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rui Bras-Gonçalves
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mario B Lambros
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan MacKay
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Tien-Tuan Nguyen
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Boissière
- Unité de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut de Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Pourquier
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Bibeau
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
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14
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Owonikoko TK, Zhang G, Kim HS, Stinson RM, Bechara R, Zhang C, Chen Z, Saba NF, Pakkala S, Pillai R, Deng X, Sun SY, Rossi MR, Sica GL, Ramalingam SS, Khuri FR. Patient-derived xenografts faithfully replicated clinical outcome in a phase II co-clinical trial of arsenic trioxide in relapsed small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2016; 14:111. [PMID: 27142472 PMCID: PMC4855771 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SCLC has limited treatment options and inadequate preclinical models. Promising activity of arsenic trioxide (ASO) recorded in conventional preclinical models of SCLC supported the clinical evaluation of ASO in patients. We assessed the efficacy of ASO in relapsed SCLC patients and in corresponding patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Methods Single arm, Simon 2-stage, phase II trial to enroll patients with relapsed SCLC who have failed at least one line of therapy. ASO was administered as an intravenous infusion over 1–2 h daily for 4 days in week 1 and for 2 days in weeks 2–6 of an 8-week cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression. Pretreatment tumor biopsy was employed for PDX generation through direct implantation into subcutaneous pockets of SCID mice without in vitro manipulation and serially propagated for five generations. Ex vivo efficacy of cisplatin (3 mg/kg i.p. weekly) and ASO (3.75 mg/kg i.p. every other day) was tested in PDX representative of platinum sensitive and platinum refractory SCLC. Results The best response in 17 evaluable patients was stable disease in 2 (12 %), progressive disease in 15 (88 %) patients and median time-to-progression of seven (range 1–7) weeks. PDX was successfully grown in 5 of 9 (56 %) transplanted biopsy samples. Serially-propagated PDXs preserved characteristic small cell histology and genomic stability confirmed by immunohistochemistry, short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and targeted sequencing. ASO showed in vitro cytotoxicity but lacked in vivo efficacy against SCLC PDX tumor growth. Conclusions Cisplatin inhibited growth of PDX derived from platinum-sensitive SCLC but was ineffective against PDX from platinum-refractory SCLC. Strong concordance between clinical and ex vivo effects of ASO and cisplatin in SCLC supports the use of PDX models to prescreen promising anticancer agents prior to clinical testing in SCLC patients. Trial Registration The study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01470248) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0861-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hyun S Kim
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Rabih Bechara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interventional Pulmonology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health and Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health and Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Suchita Pakkala
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rathi Pillai
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael R Rossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Pathology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365C Clifton Road, NE, Suite C3080, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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15
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Yang M, Xu X, Cai J, Ning J, Wery JP, Li QX. NSCLC harboring EGFR exon-20 insertions after the regulatory C-helix of kinase domain responds poorly to known EGFR inhibitors. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:171-6. [PMID: 26891175 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anecdote clinical observations hint that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with exon-20 insertions might respond poorly to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), contrasting to those with classic mutations. Lack of patient-derived experimental models has been a major hurdle for the discovery of new treatment for the diseases. We established two NSCLC-PDXs harboring two different exon-20 insertions, LU0387-adenocarcinoma (ADC) with a nine-base insertion at 2319 (H773-V774insNPH) and LU3075-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a nine-base insertion at 2316 (P772-H773insDNP). Both insertions immediately follow the regulatory C-helix of the kinase domain. Contrary to the generally good responses to EGFR inhibitors observed in PDXs with classic mutations, both exon-20 insertions are largely resistant to cetuximab and TKIs in vivo, suggesting fundamental difference from the classic EGFR mutations, consistent with the poor response rate to TKI seen in anecdotal clinic reports. It is worth noting that although responses are generally poor, they differ between the two exon-20 mutants depending on the type of TKI. In vitro drug sensitivity assays using established primary cell lines from our two PDXs largely confirmed the in vivo data. Our data from patient-derived experimental models confirmed that exon-20 insertions in domain immediately following the C-helix confer poor response to all known EGFR inhibitors, and suggested that these models can be utilized to facilitate the discovery of new therapies targeting NSCLC harboring exon-20 insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Crown Bioscience, Inc, 3375 Scott Blvd, Suite 108, Santa Clara, CA
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Crown Bioscience, Inc, 3375 Scott Blvd, Suite 108, Santa Clara, CA
| | - Jie Cai
- Crown Bioscience, Inc, 3375 Scott Blvd, Suite 108, Santa Clara, CA
| | - Jinying Ning
- Crown Bioscience, Inc, 3375 Scott Blvd, Suite 108, Santa Clara, CA
| | - Jean Pierre Wery
- Crown Bioscience, Inc, 3375 Scott Blvd, Suite 108, Santa Clara, CA
| | - Qi-Xiang Li
- Crown Bioscience, Inc, 3375 Scott Blvd, Suite 108, Santa Clara, CA.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhou C, Manegold C. Chemotherapy of lung cancer: A global perspective of the role of ifosfamide. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:61-71. [PMID: 25806156 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2011.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxazaphosphorine cytostatic ifosfamide (IFO) has been successfully integrated in the treatment of various hematological and solid tumors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for its use in lung cancer starting from basic data of preclinical studies followed by a global summary of the phase III and seminal phase II clinical studies. Global in double respect: first covering both the small cell as well as the non-small cell indications, and, second tracing those studies performed in Europe and the United States as well as those from Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Manegold
- Department of Surgery, Interdisciplinary Thoracic Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Unger C, Kramer N, Walzl A, Scherzer M, Hengstschläger M, Dolznig H. Modeling human carcinomas: physiologically relevant 3D models to improve anti-cancer drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:50-67. [PMID: 25453261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-cancer drug development is inefficient, mostly due to lack of efficacy in human patients. The high fail rate is partly due to the lack of predictive models or the inadequate use of existing preclinical test systems. However, progress has been made and preclinical models were improved or newly developed, which all account for basic features of solid cancers, three-dimensionality and heterotypic cell interaction. Here we give an overview of available in vivo and in vitro models of cancer, which meet the criteria of being 3D and mirroring human tumor-stroma interactions. We only focus on drug response models without touching models for pharmacokinetic and dynamic, toxicity or delivery aspects.
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18
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Rosfjord E, Lucas J, Li G, Gerber HP. Advances in patient-derived tumor xenografts: from target identification to predicting clinical response rates in oncology. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:135-43. [PMID: 24950467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most oncology compounds entering clinical development have passed stringent preclinical pharmacology evaluation criteria. However, only a small fraction of experimental agents induce meaningful antitumor activities in the clinic. Low predictability of conventional preclinical pharmacology models is frequently cited as a main reason for the unusually high clinical attrition rates of therapeutic compounds in oncology. Therefore, improvement in the predictive values of preclinical efficacy models for clinical outcome holds great promise to reduce the clinical attrition rates of experimental compounds. Recent reports suggest that pharmacology studies conducted with patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors are more predictive for clinical outcome compared to conventional, cell line derived xenograft (CDX) models, in particular when therapeutic compounds were tested at clinically relevant doses (CRDs). Moreover, the study of the most malignant cell types within tumors, the tumor initiating cells (TICs), relies on the availability of preclinical models that mimic the lineage hierarchy of cells within tumors. PDX models were shown to more closely recapitulate the heterogeneity of patient tumors and maintain the molecular, genetic, and histological complexity of human tumors during early stages of sequential passaging in mice, rendering them ideal tools to study the responses of TICs, tumor- and stromal cells to therapeutic intervention. In this commentary, we review the progress made in the development of PDX models in key areas of oncology research, including target identification and validation, tumor indication search and the development of a biomarker hypothesis that can be tested in the clinic to identify patients that will benefit most from therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Rosfjord
- Bioconjugate Discovery and Development, Oncology Research Units, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, United States
| | - Judy Lucas
- Bioconjugate Discovery and Development, Oncology Research Units, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, United States
| | - Gang Li
- Bioconjugate Discovery and Development, Oncology Research Units, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, United States
| | - Hans-Peter Gerber
- Bioconjugate Discovery and Development, Oncology Research Units, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, United States.
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19
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Bieche I, Vacher S, Vallerand D, Richon S, Hatem R, De Plater L, Dahmani A, Némati F, Angevin E, Marangoni E, Roman-Roman S, Decaudin D, Dangles-Marie V. Vasculature analysis of patient derived tumor xenografts using species-specific PCR assays: evidence of tumor endothelial cells and atypical VEGFA-VEGFR1/2 signalings. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:178. [PMID: 24625025 PMCID: PMC4007753 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor endothelial transdifferentiation and VEGFR1/2 expression by cancer cells have been reported in glioblastoma but remain poorly documented for many other cancer types. METHODS To characterize vasculature of patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs), largely used in preclinical anti-angiogenic assays, we designed here species-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays. Human and mouse PECAM1/CD31, ENG/CD105, FLT1/VEGFR1, KDR/VEGFR2 and VEGFA transcripts were analyzed in a large series of 150 PDXs established from 8 different tumor types (53 colorectal, 14 ovarian, 39 breast and 15 renal cell cancers, 6 small cell and 5 non small cell lung carcinomas, 13 cutaneous melanomas and 5 glioblastomas) and in two bevacizumab-treated non small cell lung carcinomas xenografts. RESULTS As expected, mouse cell proportion in PDXs -evaluated by quantifying expression of the housekeeping gene TBP- correlated with all mouse endothelial markers and human VEGFA RNA levels. More interestingly, we observed human PECAM1/CD31 and ENG/CD105 expression in all tumor types, with higher rate in glioblastoma and renal cancer xenografts. Human VEGFR expression profile varied widely depending on tumor types with particularly high levels of human FLT1/VEGFR1 transcripts in colon cancers and non small cell lung carcinomas, and upper levels of human KDR/VEGFR2 transcripts in non small cell lung carcinomas. Bevacizumab treatment induced significant low expression of mouse Pecam1/Cd31, Eng/Cd105, Flt1/Vegfr1 and Kdr/Vefr2 while the human PECAM1/CD31 and VEGFA were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results strongly suggest existence of human tumor endothelial cells in all tumor types tested and of both stromal and tumoral autocrine VEGFA-VEGFR1/2 signalings. These findings should be considered when evaluating molecular mechanisms of preclinical response and resistance to tumor anti-angiogenic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Virginie Dangles-Marie
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Laboratoire d'Investigation Préclinique, Paris, France.
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Zhang L, Yang J, Cai J, Song X, Deng J, Huang X, Chen D, Yang M, Wery JP, Li S, Wu A, Li Z, Li Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li Q, Ji J. A subset of gastric cancers with EGFR amplification and overexpression respond to cetuximab therapy. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2992. [PMID: 24141978 PMCID: PMC3801116 DOI: 10.1038/srep02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A preclinical trial identified 4 of 20 (20%) gastric cancer (GC) patient-derived xenografts responded to cetuximab. Genome-wide profiling and additional investigations revealed that high EGFR mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry score (3+) are associated with tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, EGFR amplification were observed in 2/4 (50%) responders with average copy number 5.8 and >15 respectively. Our data suggest that a GC subtype with EGFR amplification and overexpression benefit from cetuximab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhai Zhang
- 1] Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Surgery [2]
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Buczek M, Escudier B, Bartnik E, Szczylik C, Czarnecka A. Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from the patient's bed to molecular mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1845:31-41. [PMID: 24135488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of anti-angiogenic drugs especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was a breakthrough in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although TKIs have significantly improved outcome in patients with metastatic disease, the majority still develop resistance over time. Because different combinations and sequences of TKIs are tested in clinical trials, resistance patterns and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon should be thoroughly investigated. From a clinical point of view, resistance occurs either as a primary phenomenon (intrinsic) or as a secondary phenomenon related to various escape/evasive mechanisms that the tumor develops in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition. Intrinsic resistance is less common, and related to the primary redundancy of available angiogenic signals from the tumor, causing unresponsiveness to VEGF-targeted therapies. Acquired resistance in tumors is associated with activation of an angiogenic switch which leads to either upregulation of the existing VEGF pathway or recruitment of alternative factors responsible for tumor revascularization. Multiple mechanisms can be involved in different tumor settings that contribute both to evasive and intrinsic resistance, and current endeavor aims to identify these processes and assess their importance in clinical settings and design of pharmacological strategies that lead to enduring anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw and Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Poland
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Yang M, Shan B, Li Q, Song X, Cai J, Deng J, Zhang L, Du Z, Lu J, Chen T, Wery JP, Chen Y, Li Q. Overcoming erlotinib resistance with tailored treatment regimen in patient-derived xenografts from naïve Asian NSCLC patients. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:E74-84. [PMID: 22948846 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Overall benefits of EGFR-TKIs are limited because these treatments are largely only for adenocarcinoma (ADC) with EGFR activating mutation. The treatments also usually lead to development of resistances. We have established a panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from treatment naïve Asian NSCLC patients, including those containing "classic" EGFR activating mutations. Some of these EGFR-mutated PDXs do not respond to erlotinib: LU1868 containing L858R/T790M mutations, and LU0858 having L858R mutation as well as c-MET gene amplification, both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Treatment of LU0858 with crizotinib, a small molecule inhibitor for ALK and c-MET, inhibited tumor growth and c-MET activity. Combination of erlotinib and crizotinib caused complete response, indicating the activation of both EGFR and c-MET promote its growth/survival. LU2503 and LU1901, both with wild-type EGFR and c-MET gene amplification, showed complete response to crizotinib alone, suggesting that c-MET gene amplification, not EGFR signaling, is the main oncogenic driver. Interestingly, LU1868 with the EGFR L858R/T790M, but without c-met amplification, had a complete response to cetuximab. Our data offer novel practical approaches to overcome the two most common resistances to EGFR-TKIs seen in the clinic using marketed target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Crown Bioscience, Inc, 3375 Scott Blvd, suite 108, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA
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Lee J, Jiffar T, Kupferman ME. A novel role for BDNF-TrkB in the regulation of chemotherapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30246. [PMID: 22276165 PMCID: PMC3262811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of resistance for HNSCC to cisplatin (CDDP), the foundational chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of this disease, remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that cisplatin resistance (CR) can be overcome by targeting Trk receptor. In the current study, we explored the potential mechanistic role of the BDNF-TrkB signaling system in the development of CDDP resistance in HNSCC. Utilizing an in vitro system of acquired CR, we confirmed a substantial up-regulation of both BDNF and TrkB at the protein and mRNA levels in CR cells, suggesting an autocrine pathway dysregulation in this system. Exogenous BDNF stimulation led to an enhanced expression of the drug-resistance and anti-apoptotic proteins MDR1 and XiAP, respectively, in a dose-dependently manner, demonstrating a key role for BDNF-TrkB signaling in modulating the response to cytotoxic agents. In addition, modulation of TrkB expression induced an enhanced sensitivity of cells to CDDP in HNSCC. Moreover, genetic suppression of TrkB resulted in changes in expression of Bim, XiAP, and MDR1 contributing to HNSCC survival. To elucidate intracellular signaling pathways responsible for mechanisms underlying BDNF/TrkB induced CDDP-resistance, we analyzed expression levels of these molecules following inhibition of Akt. Inhibition of Akt eliminated BDNF effect on MDR1 and Bim expression in OSC-19P cells as well as modulated expressions of MDR1, Bim, and XiAP in OSC-19CR cells. These results suggest BDNF/TrkB system plays critical roles in CDDP-resistance development by utilizing Akt-dependent signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11
- Blotting, Western
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor, trkB/genetics
- Receptor, trkB/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/genetics
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Junegoo Lee
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tilahun Jiffar
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Kupferman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:227-34. [PMID: 21307677 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328344b687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Karam JA, Zhang XY, Tamboli P, Margulis V, Wang H, Abel EJ, Culp SH, Wood CG. Development and characterization of clinically relevant tumor models from patients with renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2010; 59:619-28. [PMID: 21167632 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are instrumental in understanding disease pathophysiology and mechanisms of therapy action and resistance in vivo. OBJECTIVE To establish and characterize a panel of mouse models of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) derived from patients undergoing radical nephrectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In vivo and in vitro animal experiments. MEASUREMENTS Tumor tissues obtained during surgery were implanted into the subcutaneous space of female BALB/c nude mice and serially passaged into new mice. Tumors were characterized by histology, short tandem repeat (STR) fingerprinting, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene sequencing, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with sunitinib or everolimus. Primary cell cultures were derived from patient tumors and transfected with a lentivirus carrying the luciferase gene. Four subcutaneous xenograft mouse models were developed, representing papillary type 1, papillary type 2, clear cell, and clear cell with sarcomatoid features RCC. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS RCC mouse models were established from four patients with distinct histologies of RCC. Tumor growth was dependent on histologic type, the size of the implanted tumor chip, and the passage number. Mouse tumors accurately represented their respective original patient tumors, as STR fingerprints were matching, histology was comparable, and SNP profiles and VHL mutation status were conserved with multiple passages. Bioluminescence imaging results were commensurate with subcutaneous xenograft growth patterns. Mice treated with sunitinib and everolimus exhibited an initial response, followed by a later stage of resistance to these agents, which mimics the clinical observations in patients with RCC. CONCLUSIONS We developed four mouse xenograft models of RCC with clear-cell and papillary histologies, with stable histologic and molecular characteristics. These models can be used to understand the basic biology of RCC as well as response and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Aujla M. SCLC xenografts: a useful tool. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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