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Yu X, Zhao H, Wang R, Chen Y, Ouyang X, Li W, Sun Y, Peng A. Cancer epigenetics: from laboratory studies and clinical trials to precision medicine. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:28. [PMID: 38225241 PMCID: PMC10789753 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature of a myriad of human diseases, particularly cancer. Defining the epigenetic defects associated with malignant tumors has become a focus of cancer research resulting in the gradual elucidation of cancer cell epigenetic regulation. In fact, most stages of tumor progression, including tumorigenesis, promotion, progression, and recurrence are accompanied by epigenetic alterations, some of which can be reversed by epigenetic drugs. The main objective of epigenetic therapy in the era of personalized precision medicine is to detect cancer biomarkers to improve risk assessment, diagnosis, and targeted treatment interventions. Rapid technological advancements streamlining the characterization of molecular epigenetic changes associated with cancers have propelled epigenetic drug research and development. This review summarizes the main mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation and discusses past and present examples of epigenetic inhibitors in cancer diagnosis and treatment, with an emphasis on the development of epigenetic enzyme inhibitors or drugs. In the final part, the prospect of precise diagnosis and treatment is considered based on a better understanding of epigenetic abnormalities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, (Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital Affiliated with China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yingyin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, (Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xumei Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, (Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, (Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yihao Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, (Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Anghui Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, (Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Epp S, Chuah SM, Halasz M. Epigenetic Dysregulation in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17085. [PMID: 38069407 PMCID: PMC10707345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer arising from the neural crest, poses significant clinical challenges, particularly in cases featuring amplification of the MYCN oncogene. Epigenetic factors play a pivotal role in normal neural crest and NB development, influencing gene expression patterns critical for tumorigenesis. This review delves into the multifaceted interplay between MYCN and known epigenetic modifications during NB genesis, shedding light on the intricate regulatory networks underlying the disease. We provide an extensive survey of known epigenetic mechanisms, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, super-enhancers (SEs), bromodomains (BET), and chromatin modifiers in MYCN-amplified (MNA) NB. These epigenetic changes collectively contribute to the dysregulated gene expression landscape observed in MNA NB. Furthermore, we review emerging therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic regulators, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi), and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). We also discuss and summarize current drugs in preclinical and clinical trials, offering insights into their potential for improving outcomes for MNA NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Epp
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
| | - Shin Mei Chuah
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Souza BK, Freire NH, Monteiro TS, Herlinger AL, Jaeger M, Dalmolin MGS, de Farias CB, Gregianin L, Brunetto AT, Brunetto AL, Thiele CJ, Roesler R. Histone Methyltransferases G9a/ Ehmt2 and GLP/ Ehmt1 Are Associated with Cell Viability and Poorer Prognosis in Neuroblastoma and Ewing Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15242. [PMID: 37894922 PMCID: PMC10607632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in epigenetic programming have been proposed as being key events in the initiation and progression of childhood cancers. HMT euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (G9a, EHMT2), which is encoded by the G9a (Ehmt2) gene, as well as its related protein GLP, which is encoded by the GLP/Ehmt1 gene, participate in epigenetic regulation by contributing to a transcriptionally repressed chromatin state. G9a/GLP activation has been reported in several cancer types. Herein, we evaluated the role of G9a in two solid pediatric tumors: neuroblastoma (NB) and Ewing sarcoma (ES). Our results show that G9a/Ehmt2 and GLP/Ehmt1 expression is higher in tumors with poorer prognosis, including St4 International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage, MYCN amplified NB, and metastatic ES. Importantly, higher G9a and GLP levels were associated with shorter patient overall survival (OS) in both NB and ES. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of G9a/GLP reduced cell viability in NB and ES cells. These findings suggest that G9a and GLP are associated with more aggressive NB and ES tumors and should be further investigated as being epigenetic targets in pediatric solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kunzler Souza
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Epigenica Biosciences, Canoas 92035-000, Brazil;
| | - Natalia Hogetop Freire
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Laschuk Herlinger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Mariane Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Matheus G. S. Dalmolin
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Lauro Gregianin
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Pediatric Oncology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André T. Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Algemir L. Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Carol J. Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil (A.T.B.)
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Nishigaya Y, Takase S, Sumiya T, Kikuzato K, Sato T, Niwa H, Sato S, Nakata A, Sonoda T, Hashimoto N, Namie R, Honma T, Umehara T, Shirouzu M, Koyama H, Yoshida M, Ito A, Shirai F. Discovery of Novel Substrate-Competitive Lysine Methyltransferase G9a Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4059-4085. [PMID: 36882960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification of structurally novel inhibitors of lysine methyltransferase G9a has been a subject of intense research in cancer epigenetics. Starting with the high-throughput screening (HTS) hit rac-10a obtained from the chemical library of the University of Tokyo Drug Discovery Initiative, the structure-activity relationship of the unique substrate-competitive inhibitors was established with the help of X-ray crystallography and fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations for the ligand-protein interaction. Further optimization of the in vitro characteristics and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties led to the identification of 26j (RK-701), which is a structurally distinct potent inhibitor of G9a/GLP (IC50 = 27/53 nM). Compound 26j exhibited remarkable selectivity against other related methyltransferases, dose-dependent attenuation of cellular H3K9me2 levels, and tumor growth inhibition in MOLT-4 cells in vitro. Moreover, compound 26j showed inhibition of tumor initiation and growth in a carcinogen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo mouse model without overt acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nishigaya
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Shohei Takase
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tatsunobu Sumiya
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Noriaki Hashimoto
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Namie
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Minoru Yoshida
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Yang Q, Falahati A, Khosh A, Mohammed H, Kang W, Corachán A, Bariani MV, Boyer TG, Al-Hendy A. Targeting Class I Histone Deacetylases in Human Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233801. [PMID: 36497061 PMCID: PMC9735512 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is the most frequent subtype of uterine sarcoma that presents a poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence, and metastasis. Currently, the molecular mechanism of the origin and development of uLMS is unknown. Class I histone deacetylases (including HDAC1, 2, 3, and 8) are one of the major classes of the HDAC family and catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones and cellular proteins. Class I HDACs exhibit distinct cellular and subcellular expression patterns and are involved in many biological processes and diseases through diverse signaling pathways. However, the link between class I HDACs and uLMS is still being determined. In this study, we assessed the expression panel of Class I HDACs in uLMS and characterized the role and mechanism of class I HDACs in the pathogenesis of uLMS. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that HDAC1, 2, and 3 are aberrantly upregulated in uLMS tissues compared to adjacent myometrium. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of HDAC 1, 2, and 3 exhibited a graded increase from normal and benign to malignant uterine tumor cells. Furthermore, inhibition of HDACs with Class I HDACs inhibitor (Tucidinostat) decreased the uLMS proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that inhibition of HDACs with Tucidinostat altered several critical pathways. Moreover, multiple epigenetic analyses suggested that Tucidinostat may alter the transcriptome via reprogramming the oncogenic epigenome and inducing the changes in microRNA-target interaction in uLMS cells. In the parallel study, we also determined the effect of DL-sulforaphane on the uLMS. Our study demonstrated the relevance of class I HDACs proteins in the pathogenesis of malignant uLMS. Further understanding the role and mechanism of HDACs in uLMS may provide a promising and novel strategy for treating patients with this aggressive uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Falahati
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 891581841, Iran
| | - Azad Khosh
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 891581841, Iran
| | - Hanaa Mohammed
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Wenjun Kang
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ana Corachán
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Valencia, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Thomas G. Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Bartolucci D, Montemurro L, Raieli S, Lampis S, Pession A, Hrelia P, Tonelli R. MYCN Impact on High-Risk Neuroblastoma: From Diagnosis and Prognosis to Targeted Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184421. [PMID: 36139583 PMCID: PMC9496712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroblastoma is one of the most diffuse and the deadliest cancer in children. While many advances have been made in the last few decades to improve patients’ outcome, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) still shows a very aggressive pattern of development and poor prognosis, with only a 50% chance of 5-year survival. Moreover, while many factors contribute to defining the high-risk condition, MYCN status is well established as the major element in pathology disclosure. The aim of this review is to describe the current knowledge in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic approaches of HR-NB, particularly in relation to MYCN. The review highlights how MYCN influences the HR-NB scenario and the new therapeutic approaches that are currently proposed to target it, in consideration of MYCN as a highly relevant target for HR-NB patient management. Abstract Among childhood cancers, neuroblastoma is the most diffuse solid tumor and the deadliest in children. While to date, the pathology has become progressively manageable with a significant increase in 5-year survival for its less aggressive form, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) remains a major issue with poor outcome and little survivability of patients. The staging system has also been improved to better fit patient needs and to administer therapies in a more focused manner in consideration of pathology features. New and improved therapies have been developed; nevertheless, low efficacy and high toxicity remain a staple feature of current high-risk neuroblastoma treatment. For this reason, more specific procedures are required, and new therapeutic targets are also needed for a precise medicine approach. In this scenario, MYCN is certainly one of the most interesting targets. Indeed, MYCN is one of the most relevant hallmarks of HR-NB, and many studies has been carried out in recent years to discover potent and specific inhibitors to block its activities and any related oncogenic function. N-Myc protein has been considered an undruggable target for a long time. Thus, many new indirect and direct approaches have been discovered and preclinically evaluated for the interaction with MYCN and its pathways; a few of the most promising approaches are nearing clinical application for the investigation in HR-NB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Montemurro
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Satija G, Sharma B, Madan A, Iqubal A, Shaquiquzzaman M, Akhter M, Parvez S, Khan MA, Alam MM. Benzimidazole based derivatives as anticancer agents: Structure activity relationship analysis for various targets. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garvit Satija
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Barkha Sharma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Anish Madan
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
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Liu Z, Chen SS, Clarke S, Veschi V, Thiele CJ. Targeting MYCN in Pediatric and Adult Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623679. [PMID: 33628735 PMCID: PMC7898977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the MYC family of oncogenes, including c-MYC, MYCN and MYCL occurs in many types of cancers, and is frequently associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of functional studies have focused on c-MYC due to its broad expression profile in human cancers. The existence of highly conserved functional domains between MYCN and c-MYC suggests that MYCN participates in similar activities. MYC encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (TF) whose central oncogenic role in many human cancers makes it a highly desirable therapeutic target. Historically, as a TF, MYC has been regarded as “undruggable”. Thus, recent efforts focus on investigating methods to indirectly target MYC to achieve anti-tumor effects. This review will primarily summarize the recent progress in understanding the function of MYCN. It will explore efforts at targeting MYCN, including strategies aimed at suppression of MYCN transcription, destabilization of MYCN protein, inhibition of MYCN transcriptional activity, repression of MYCN targets and utilization of MYCN overexpression dependent synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel S Chen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Saki Clarke
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most common solid tumors in infancy. Amplification of MYCN, copy number alterations, numerical and segmental chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and rearrangements on a handful of genes, such as ALK, ATRX, TP53, RAS/MAPK pathway genes, and TERT, are attributed as underlying causes that give rise to NB. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease-along with the relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations-reinforces the need to understand the interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in the context of NB. Epigenetic mechanisms tightly control gene expression, embryogenesis, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and tumorigenesis, thereby playing a pivotal role in physio- and pathological settings. The main epigenetic alterations include aberrant DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of posttranslational histone modifications, alterations in chromatin composition and/or architecture, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation and demethylation are mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, respectively, while histone modifications are coordinated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HATs, HDACs), and histone methyltransferases and demethylases (HMTs, HDMs). This article focuses predominately on the crosstalk between the epigenome and NB, and the implications it has on disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Zafar A, Wang W, Liu G, Wang X, Xian W, McKeon F, Foster J, Zhou J, Zhang R. Molecular targeting therapies for neuroblastoma: Progress and challenges. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:961-1021. [PMID: 33155698 PMCID: PMC7906923 DOI: 10.1002/med.21750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify novel therapies for childhood cancers. Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor, and accounts for ~15% of childhood cancer‐related mortality. Neuroblastomas exhibit genetic, morphological and clinical heterogeneity, which limits the efficacy of existing treatment modalities. Gaining detailed knowledge of the molecular signatures and genetic variations involved in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma is necessary to develop safer and more effective treatments for this devastating disease. Recent studies with advanced high‐throughput “omics” techniques have revealed numerous genetic/genomic alterations and dysfunctional pathways that drive the onset, growth, progression, and resistance of neuroblastoma to therapy. A variety of molecular signatures are being evaluated to better understand the disease, with many of them being used as targets to develop new treatments for neuroblastoma patients. In this review, we have summarized the contemporary understanding of the molecular pathways and genetic aberrations, such as those in MYCN, BIRC5, PHOX2B, and LIN28B, involved in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma, and provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular targeted therapies under preclinical and clinical investigations, particularly those targeting ALK signaling, MDM2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS‐MAPK pathways, as well as epigenetic regulators. We also give insights on the use of combination therapies involving novel agents that target various pathways. Further, we discuss the future directions that would help identify novel targets and therapeutics and improve the currently available therapies, enhancing the treatment outcomes and survival of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Zafar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wa Xian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Stem Cell Center, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Stem Cell Center, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Section of Hematology-Oncology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Sampaio RV, Sangalli JR, De Bem THC, Ambrizi DR, Del Collado M, Bridi A, de Ávila ACFCM, Macabelli CH, de Jesus Oliveira L, da Silveira JC, Chiaratti MR, Perecin F, Bressan FF, Smith LC, Ross PJ, Meirelles FV. Catalytic inhibition of H3K9me2 writers disturbs epigenetic marks during bovine nuclear reprogramming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11493. [PMID: 32661262 PMCID: PMC7359371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchestrated events, including extensive changes in epigenetic marks, allow a somatic nucleus to become totipotent after transfer into an oocyte, a process termed nuclear reprogramming. Recently, several strategies have been applied in order to improve reprogramming efficiency, mainly focused on removing repressive epigenetic marks such as histone methylation from the somatic nucleus. Herein we used the specific and non-toxic chemical probe UNC0638 to inhibit the catalytic activity of the histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2. Either the donor cell (before reconstruction) or the early embryo was exposed to the probe to assess its effect on developmental rates and epigenetic marks. First, we showed that the treatment of bovine fibroblasts with UNC0638 did mitigate the levels of H3K9me2. Moreover, H3K9me2 levels were decreased in cloned embryos regardless of treating either donor cells or early embryos with UNC0638. Additional epigenetic marks such as H3K9me3, 5mC, and 5hmC were also affected by the UNC0638 treatment. Therefore, the use of UNC0638 did diminish the levels of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in SCNT-derived blastocysts, but this was unable to improve their preimplantation development. These results indicate that the specific reduction of H3K9me2 by inhibiting EHMT1/2 during nuclear reprogramming impacts the levels of H3K9me3, 5mC, and 5hmC in preimplantation bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vilar Sampaio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
| | - Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Dewison Ricardo Ambrizi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bridi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lilian de Jesus Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Perecin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Bellamy J, Szemes M, Melegh Z, Dallosso A, Kollareddy M, Catchpoole D, Malik K. Increased Efficacy of Histone Methyltransferase G9a Inhibitors Against MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:818. [PMID: 32537432 PMCID: PMC7269128 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of proteins modulating epigenetic changes is an increasingly important priority in cancer therapeutics, and many small molecule inhibitors are currently being developed. In the case of neuroblastoma (NB), a pediatric solid tumor with a paucity of intragenic mutations, epigenetic deregulation may be especially important. In this study we validate the histone methyltransferase G9a/EHMT2 as being associated with indicators of poor prognosis in NB. Immunological analysis of G9a protein shows it to be more highly expressed in NB cell-lines with MYCN amplification, which is a primary determinant of dismal outcome in NB patients. Furthermore, G9a protein in primary tumors is expressed at higher levels in poorly differentiated/undifferentiated NB, and correlates with high EZH2 expression, a known co-operative oncoprotein in NB. Our functional analyses demonstrate that siRNA-mediated G9a depletion inhibits cell growth in all NB cell lines, but, strikingly, only triggers apoptosis in NB cells with MYCN amplification, suggesting a synthetic lethal relationship between G9a and MYCN. This pattern of sensitivity is also evident when using small molecule inhibitors of G9a, UNC0638, and UNC0642. The increased efficacy of G9a inhibition in the presence of MYCN-overexpression is also demonstrated in the SHEP-21N isogenic model with tet-regulatable MYCN. Finally, using RNA sequencing, we identify several potential tumor suppressor genes that are reactivated by G9a inhibition in NB, including the CLU, FLCN, AMHR2, and AKR1C1-3. Together, our study underlines the under-appreciated role of G9a in NB, especially in MYCN-amplified tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bellamy
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Szemes
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Zsombor Melegh
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dallosso
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Madhu Kollareddy
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Momparler RL, Côté S, Momparler LF. Epigenetic Modulation of Self-Renewal Capacity of Leukemic Stem Cells and Implications for Chemotherapy. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:epigenomes4010003. [PMID: 34968237 PMCID: PMC8594708 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a poor prognosis. Curative therapy of AML requires the complete eradication of the leukemic stem cells (LSCs). One aspect of LSCs that is poorly understood is their low frequency in the total population of leukemic cells in AML patients. After each cell division of LSCs, most of the daughter cells lose their capacity for self-renewal. Investigations into the role of Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in AML provide some insight on the regulation of the proliferation of LSCs. The primary role of IDH is to convert isocitrate to alpha-keto-glutarate (α-KG). When IDH is mutated, it converts α-KG to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), an inhibitor of the TET pathway and Jumonji-C histone demethylases (JHDMs). The demethylating action of these enzymes removes the epigenetic gene-silencing markers, DNA methylation, H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 and can lead to the differentiation of LSCs. This enzymatic action is blocked by 2-HG in mutated IDH (mut-IDH) AML patients, who can be induced into remission with antagonists of 2-HG. These observations suggest that there exists in cells a natural enzymatic mechanism that uses demethylation to reverse epigenetic gene-silencing, leading to a loss of the self-renewal capacity of LSCs. This mechanism limits the proliferative potential of LSCs. Epigenetic agents that inhibit DNA and histone methylation exhibit a synergistic antineoplastic action on AML cells. It is possible that the therapeutic potential of this epigenetic therapy may be enhanced by demethylation enzymes, resulting in a very effective treatment for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Momparler
- Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Service d’hématologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.C.); (L.F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-867-2906
| | - Sylvie Côté
- Service d’hématologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.C.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Louise F. Momparler
- Service d’hématologie-oncologie, Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (S.C.); (L.F.M.)
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14
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Weiser DA, West-Szymanski DC, Fraint E, Weiner S, Rivas MA, Zhao CWT, He C, Applebaum MA. Progress toward liquid biopsies in pediatric solid tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:553-571. [PMID: 31836951 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric solid tumors have long been known to shed tumor cells, DNA, RNA, and proteins into the blood. Recent technological advances have allowed for improved capture and analysis of these typically scant circulating materials. Efforts are ongoing to develop "liquid biopsy" assays as minimally invasive tools to address diagnostic, prognostic, and disease monitoring needs in childhood cancer care. Applying these highly sensitive technologies to serial liquid biopsies is expected to advance understanding of tumor biology, heterogeneity, and evolution over the course of therapy, thus opening new avenues for personalized therapy. In this review, we outline the latest technologies available for liquid biopsies and describe the methods, pitfalls, and benefits of the assays that are being developed for children with extracranial solid tumors. We discuss what has been learned in several of the most common pediatric solid tumors including neuroblastoma, sarcoma, Wilms tumor, and hepatoblastoma and highlight promising future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Weiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Ellen Fraint
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shoshana Weiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco A Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carolyn W T Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark A Applebaum
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St., KCBD 5116, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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15
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Ukita M, Matsushita K, Tamura M, Yamaguchi T. Histone H3K9 methylation is involved in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:607-614. [PMID: 31894302 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) increases with age. Condylar articular cartilage degradation, which causes TMJOA, is known to be involved in articular chondrocyte metabolic imbalances in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and in other joints of the body. Epigenetic regulation, such as the chemical modification of DNA and histones, is implicated in cartilage homeostasis. However, few studies have been conducted on the epigenetic regulation of condylar articular cartilage degradation. The present study investigated the regulation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation and its effects on the pathogenesis of degenerative TMJ cartilage disorders. The histone H3K9 methylation level was decreased in degenerated condylar articular cartilage in aged mice. Treatment with chaetocin (a selective H3K9 methylation inhibitor) reduced cell viability and promoted caspase‑3/7 activity in ATDC5 mouse chondroprogenitor cells. The inhibition of H3K9 methylation increased matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)1 and Mmp13 mRNA expression in these cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of Sox9 and collagen α1(II) (Col2a1) mRNA, which are anabolic factors for chondrogenic differentiation, were also decreased by treatment with chaetocin, which is an inhibitor of histone methyltransferases. These results indicated that histone H3K9 methylation regulates chondrocyte homeostasis in terms of cell growth, apoptosis and gene expression, and highlighted a possible future therapy option for TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ukita
- Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474‑8511, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Taihiko Yamaguchi
- Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
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16
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Qi Y, Zhao Y. CBP-triggered KDM2B acetylation accelerates the carcinogenesis of colon cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2901-2910. [PMID: 31531877 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B (KDM2B) has been testified to be an oncogene in diverse cancers, which joins in mediating the carcinogenesis of cancers. Nonetheless, the function of KDM2B in colon cancer remains unexplored. The study attempted to disclose the influences of KDM2B acetylation in the progression of colon cancer. SW48 and SUN-C1 cells were transfected with Flag-KDM2B and administrated by trichostatin A and nicotinamide for 24 hr. Immunoprecipitation with a Flag antibody followed by western blot with acetyl-lysine-specific antibody was executed to detect KDM2B acetylation. The correlation between CREB binding protein (CBP) and KDM2B was then investigated. The K-R and K-Q mutants were constructed and the impacts of KDM2B on demethylation of nucleosomal substrates, p21, and puma transcription and the carcinogenesis of colon cancer were probed. CBP immediately evoked KDM2B acetylation at lysine residue 765 in colon cancer cells. Acetylation of KDM2B obviously destroyed the relevance with nucleosomes, demethylation of nucleosomal substrates, and repressed p21 and puma transcription. More important, KDM2B acetylation restrained SUN-C1 cells proliferation and colony formation, meanwhile, hindered cell migration and invasion. Beyond that, the tumor formation was repressed by KDM2B acetylation. The observations testified that CBP-triggered KDM2B acetylation accelerated the carcinogenesis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Qi
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China.,Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanning Zhao
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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17
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Gonzalez-Jaramillo V, Portilla-Fernandez E, Glisic M, Voortman T, Bramer W, Chowdhury R, Roks AJM, Jan Danser AH, Muka T, Nano J, Franco OH. The role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in blood pressure: a systematic review. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 33:703-715. [PMID: 31346255 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms might play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and renal failure. We aimed to systematically review studies investigating the association between epigenetic marks (global, candidate-gene or genome-wide methylation of DNA, and histone modifications) and blood pressure or hypertension. Five bibliographic databases were searched until the 7th of December 2018. Of 2984 identified references, 26 articles based on 25 unique studies met our inclusion criteria, which involved a total of 28,382 participants. The five studies that assessed global DNA methylation generally found lower methylation levels with higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and/or presence of hypertension. Eighteen candidate-gene studies reported, in total, 16 differentially methylated genes, including renin-angiotensin-system-related genes (ACE promoter and AGTR1) and genes involved in sodium homeostasis and extracellular fluid volume maintenance system (NET promoter, SCNN1A, and ADD1). Between the three identified epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), lower methylation levels of SULF1, EHMT2, and SKOR2 were found in hypertensive patients as compared with normotensive subjects, and lower methylation levels of PHGDH, SLC7A11, and TSPAN2 were associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In summary, the most convincing evidence has been reported from candidate-gene studies, which show reproducible epigenetic changes in the interconnected renin-angiotensin and inflammatory systems. Our study highlights gaps in the literature on the role of histone modifications in blood pressure and the need to conduct high-quality studies, in particular, hypothesis-generating studies that may help to elucidate new molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gonzalez-Jaramillo
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. .,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marija Glisic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wichor Bramer
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jana Nano
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Natesan R, Aras S, Effron SS, Asangani IA. Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:379-407. [PMID: 31900918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to mitotically/meiotically heritable mechanisms that regulate gene transcription without a need for changes in the DNA code. Covalent modifications of DNA, in the form of methylation, and histone post-translational modifications, in the form of acetylation and methylation, constitute the epigenetic code of a cell. Both DNA and histone modifications are highly dynamic and often work in unison to define the epigenetic state of a cell. Most epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene transcription by affecting localized/genome-wide transitions between heterochromatin and euchromatin states, thereby altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery and in turn, reduce/increase transcriptional output. Altered chromatin structure is associated with cancer progression, and epigenetic plasticity primarily governs the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this chapter, we specifically focus on regulators of histone methylation and acetylation, the two well-studied chromatin post-translational modifications, in the context of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shweta Aras
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Sander Effron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irfan A Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Vitkeviciene A, Baksiene S, Borutinskaite V, Navakauskiene R. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and BIX-01294 have different impact on epigenetics and senescence modulation in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Kim SY, Hong M, Heo SH, Park S, Kwon TK, Sung YH, Oh Y, Lee S, Yi GS, Kim I. Inhibition of euchromatin histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 sensitizes breast cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand through reactive oxygen species-mediated activating transcription factor 4-C/EBP homologous protein-death receptor 5 pathway activation. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1492-1506. [PMID: 29964331 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been characterized as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent with prominent cancer cell selectivity over normal cells. However, breast cancer cells are generally resistant to TRAIL, thus limiting its therapeutic potential. In this study, we found that BIX-01294, a selective inhibitor of euchromatin histone methyltransferase 2/G9a, is a strong TRAIL sensitizer in breast cancer cells. The combination of BIX-01294 and TRAIL decreased cell viability and led to an increase in the annexin V/propidium iodide-positive cell population, DNA fragmentation, and caspase activation. BIX-01294 markedly increased death receptor 5 (DR5) expression, while silencing of DR5 using small interfering RNAs abolished the TRAIL-sensitizing effect of BIX-01294. Specifically, BIX-01294 induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated DR5 gene transcriptional activation and DR5 promoter activation was induced by upregulation of the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-mediated activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species by N-acetyl-L-cysteine efficiently blocked BIX-01294-induced DR5 upregulation by inhibiting ATF4/CHOP expression, leading to diminished sensitization to TRAIL. These findings suggest that BIX-01294 sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL by upregulating ATF4/CHOP-dependent DR5 expression with a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Furthermore, combination treatment with BIX-01294 and TRAIL suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo. In conclusion, we found that epigenetic regulation can contribute to the development of resistance to cancer therapeutics such as TRAIL, and further studies of unfolded protein responses and the associated epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may lead to the discovery of new molecular targets for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MiNa Hong
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Heo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Park
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Oh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Seulki Lee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jubierre L, Jiménez C, Rovira E, Soriano A, Sábado C, Gros L, Llort A, Hladun R, Roma J, Toledo JSD, Gallego S, Segura MF. Targeting of epigenetic regulators in neuroblastoma. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 29700278 PMCID: PMC5938021 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15,000 new cases of pediatric cancer are diagnosed yearly in Europe, with 8–10% corresponding to neuroblastoma, a rare disease with an incidence of 8–9 cases per million children <15 years of age. Although the survival rate for low-risk and intermediate-risk patients is excellent, half of children with high-risk, refractory, or relapsed tumors will be cured, and two-thirds of the other half will suffer major side effects and life-long disabilities. Epigenetic therapies aimed at reversing the oncogenic alterations in chromatin structure and function are an emerging alternative against aggressive tumors that are or will become resistant to conventional treatments. This approach proposes targeting epigenetic regulators, which are proteins that are involved in the creation, detection, and interpretation of epigenetic signals, such as methylation or histone post-translational modifications. In this review, we focused on the most promising epigenetic regulators for targeting and current drugs that have already reached clinical trials. Treatments that target chromatin, the combination of DNA and proteins, are emerging as alternative ways to treat aggressive neuroblastomas, cancers of neural tissue. Altering the structure and function of chromatin is a form of “epigenetic therapy”, treatment that affects inheritable molecular signals controlling the activity of genes, rather than targeting the genes directly. Researchers in Spain led by Miguel Segura at the Vall d’Hebron Research Institute in Barcelona review progress in developing epigenetic therapies for neuroblastomas. A growing body of fundamental research and evidence from clinical trials suggest this approach could open promising new avenues to treating aggressive and drug-resistant cancers. The authors recommend an increased effort to identify and explore the activities of small molecules that could form the basis of effective epigenetic therapies for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Jubierre
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Rovira
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aroa Soriano
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constantino Sábado
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Gros
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Llort
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Hladun
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Roma
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Sánchez de Toledo
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Gallego
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Park SE, Yi HJ, Suh N, Park YY, Koh JY, Jeong SY, Cho DH, Kim CS, Hwang JJ. Inhibition of EHMT2/G9a epigenetically increases the transcription of Beclin-1 via an increase in ROS and activation of NF-κB. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39796-39808. [PMID: 27174920 PMCID: PMC5129971 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that BIX-01294 (BIX), a small molecular inhibitor of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9a), induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Herein, we analyzed the epigenetic mechanism that regulates the transcription of Beclin-1, a tumor suppressor and an autophagy-related gene (ATG). Inhibition of EHMT2 reduced dimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me2) and dissociated EHMT2 and H3K9me2 from the promoter of Beclin-1. To this promoter, RNA polymerase II and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were recruited in a ROS-dependent manner, resulting in transcriptional activation. Moreover, treatment with BIX reversed the suppression of Beclin-1 by the cooperative action of EHMT2 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Accordingly, a combination treatment with BIX and 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-Cd), a DNMT1 inhibitor, exerted a synergistic effect on Beclin-1 expression. Importantly, high levels of EHMT2 expression showed a significant association with low levels of Beclin-1 expression, which was related to a poor prognosis. These findings suggest that EHMT2 can directly repress Beclin-1 and that the inhibition of EHMT2 may be a useful therapeutic approach for cancer prevention by activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Park
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Urology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yi
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Suh
- Department of Medicine Engineering, Soon Chun Hyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Asan, Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Neural Injury Research Laboratory, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Urology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Naveja JJ, Oviedo-Osornio CI, Medina-Franco JL. Computational Methods for Epigenetic Drug Discovery: A Focus on Activity Landscape Modeling. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR MODELLING IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 113:65-83. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Yokoyama M, Chiba T, Zen Y, Oshima M, Kusakabe Y, Noguchi Y, Yuki K, Koide S, Tara S, Saraya A, Aoyama K, Mimura N, Miyagi S, Inoue M, Wakamatsu T, Saito T, Ogasawara S, Suzuki E, Ooka Y, Tawada A, Otsuka M, Miyazaki M, Yokosuka O, Iwama A. Histone lysine methyltransferase G9a is a novel epigenetic target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21315-21326. [PMID: 28423509 PMCID: PMC5400586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is mainly regulated by the histone lysine methyltransferase G9a and is associated with the repression of transcription. However, both the role of G9a and the significance of H3K9me2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain unclear. In this study, we conducted loss-of-function assay of G9a using short-hairpin RNA and pharmacological interference. Knockdown of G9a reduced H3K9me2 levels and impaired both HCC cell growth and sphere formation. However, transforming growth factor β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was not suppressed by G9a knockdown. Combined analyses of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and RNA-sequencing led to successful identification of 96 candidate epigenetic targets of G9a. Pharmacological inhibition of G9a by BIX-01294 resulted in both cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in HCC cells. Intraperitoneal administration of BIX-01294 suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors generated by implantation of HCC cells in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed high levels of G9a and H3K9me2 in 36 (66.7%) and 35 (64.8%) primary HCC tissues, respectively. G9a expression levels were significantly positively correlated with H3K9me2 levels in tumor tissues. In contrast, in non-tumor tissues, G9a and H3K9me2 were only observed in biliary epithelial cells and periportal hepatocytes. In conclusion, G9a inhibition impairs anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth, but not EMT in HCC cells. Our data indicate that pharmacological interference of G9a might be a novel epigenetic approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoh Zen
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kusakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Noguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Yuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuhei Koide
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiro Tara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsunori Saraya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Mimura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyagi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toru Wakamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadahisa Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akinobu Tawada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Otsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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25
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Histone methyltransferase G9a promotes liver cancer development by epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene RARRES3. J Hepatol 2017; 67:758-769. [PMID: 28532996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Epigenetic deregulation is a common trait of human HCC. G9s is an important epigenetics regulator however, its role in liver carcinogenesis remains to be investigated. METHODS Gene expressions were determined by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. G9a knockdown and knockout cell lines were established by lentiviral-based shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Tumor-promoting functions of G9a was studied in both HCC cell lines and nude mice model. The downstream targets of G9a were identified by RNA-Seq and confirmed by ChIP assay. The therapeutic value of G9a inhibitors was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified G9a as a frequently upregulated histone methyltransferase in human HCCs. Upregulation of G9a was significantly associated with HCC progression and aggressive clinicopathological features. Functionally, we demonstrated that inactivation of G9a by RNAi knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, and pharmacological inhibition remarkably abolished H3K9 di-methylation and suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, we showed that the frequent upregulation of G9a in human HCCs was attributed to gene copy number gain at chromosome 6p21. In addition, we identified miR-1 as a negative regulator of G9a. Loss of miR-1 relieved the post-transcriptional repression on G9a and contributed to its upregulation in human HCC. Utilizing RNA sequencing, we identified the tumor suppressor RARRES3 as a critical target of G9a. Epigenetic silencing of RARRES3 contributed to the tumor-promoting function of G9a. CONCLUSION This study shows a frequent deregulation of miR-1/G9a/RARRES3 axis in liver carcinogenesis, highlighting the pathological significance of G9a and its therapeutic potential in HCC treatment. Lay summary: In this study, we identified G9a histone methyltransferase was frequently upregulated in human HCC and contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene RARRES3 in liver cancer. Targeting G9a may be a novel approach for HCC treatment.
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26
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Abdel-Hafiz HA. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Tamoxifen Resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer. Diseases 2017; 5:E16. [PMID: 28933369 PMCID: PMC5622332 DOI: 10.3390/diseases5030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancer is the most frequent subtype representing more than 70% of breast cancers. These tumors respond to endocrine therapy targeting the ER pathway including selective ER modulators (SERMs), selective ER downregulators (SERDs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, resistance to endocrine therapy associated with disease progression remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The precise mechanisms of endocrine resistance remain unclear. This is partly due to the complexity of the signaling pathways that influence the estrogen-mediated regulation in breast cancer. Mechanisms include ER modifications, alteration of coregulatory function and modification of growth factor signaling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive luminal breast cancer. We highlight the effect of epigenetic changes on some of the key mechanisms involved in tamoxifen resistance, such as tumor-cell heterogeneity, ER signaling pathway and cancer stem cells (CSCs). It became increasingly recognized that CSCs are playing an important role in driving metastasis and tamoxifen resistance. Understanding the mechanism of tamoxifen resistance will provide insight into the design of novel strategies to overcome the resistance and make further improvements in breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Ms 8106 PO Box 6511, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, Denver, CO 80010, USA; Tel.: +1-303-724-1013; Fax: +1-303-724-3920.
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27
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廖 晖, 田 鎏, 杨 慧, 马 妮, 张 昌, 刁 红. [Methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294 promotes the migration and inhibits decidualization of mouse uterine stromal cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:730-736. [PMID: 28669944 PMCID: PMC6744149 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of BIX01294 (BIX), a methyltransferase inhibitor, on the migration and decidualization of the stromal cells in mouse uterus. METHODS Mouse endometrial stromal cells were isolated and cultured from the uterus of pregnant mice on day 3.5 of gestation. The migration and decidualization of mouse endometrial stromal cells treated with BIX at different concentrations were observed with wound healing assay and real-time PCR. RESULTS The migration distance of mouse endometrial stromal cells increased as the BIX concentration increased within the range below 15 µmol/L. Compared with the control cells, the cells treated with BIX (15 µmol/L) showed significantly increased migration distances, but increasing BIX concentration to 20 µmol/L did not further increase the cell migration distance and began to cause cell death. Compared with the control cells, the BIX-treated stromal cells exhibited significantly down-regulated expression of Ehmt2 mRNA, and 15 µmol/L BIX caused inhibition of decidualization in the stromal cells. CONCLUSION Within a defined concentration range, BIX promotes the migration and inhibits decidualization of mouse uterine stromal cells by inhibiting the expression of Ehmt2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晖淇 廖
- 湖北医药学院 附属人民医院生殖医学中心,湖北 十堰 442000Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 生物医学工程学院,湖北 十堰 442000School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 鎏 田
- 湖北医药学院 附属人民医院生殖医学中心,湖北 十堰 442000Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 生物医学工程学院,湖北 十堰 442000School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 慧 杨
- 湖北医药学院 附属人民医院生殖医学中心,湖北 十堰 442000Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 生物医学工程学院,湖北 十堰 442000School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 妮 马
- 湖北医药学院 附属人民医院生殖医学中心,湖北 十堰 442000Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 生物医学工程学院,湖北 十堰 442000School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 昌军 张
- 湖北医药学院 附属人民医院生殖医学中心,湖北 十堰 442000Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 生物医学工程学院,湖北 十堰 442000School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 胚胎干细胞湖北省重点实验室,湖北 十堰 442000Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - 红录 刁
- 湖北医药学院 附属人民医院生殖医学中心,湖北 十堰 442000Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 生物医学工程学院,湖北 十堰 442000School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- 湖北医药学院 胚胎干细胞湖北省重点实验室,湖北 十堰 442000Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
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28
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Liu X, Yang C, Hu Y, Lei E, Lin X, Zhao L, Zou Z, Zhang A, Zhou H, Chen H, Qian P, Jin M. HIST1H1C Regulates Interferon-β and Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Interacting with IRF3. Front Immunol 2017; 8:350. [PMID: 28392790 PMCID: PMC5364133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus NS2 is well known for its role in viral ribonucleoprotein nuclear export; however, its function has not been fully understood. A recent study showed that NS2 might interact with HIST1H1C (H1C, H1.2). Histones have been found to affect influenza virus replication, such as the H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, but H1 has not been detected. Here, we found that H1C interacts with NS2 via its C-terminal in the nucleus and that H1C affects influenza virus replication. The H1N1 influenza virus replicates better in H1C knockout A549 cells compared to wild-type A549 cells, primarily because of the regulation of H1C on interferon-β (IFN-β). Further studies showed that the H1C phosphorylation mutant (T146A) decreases IFN-β, while H1C methylation mutants (K34A, K187A) increases IFN-β by releasing the nucleosome and promoting IRF3 binding to the IFN-β promoter. Interestingly, NS2 interacts with H1C, which reduces H1C-IRF3 interaction and results in the inhibition of IFN-β enhanced by H1C. In summary, our study reveals a novel function of H1C to regulate IFN-β and uncovers an underlying mechanism, which suggests H1C plays a role in epigenetic regulation. Moreover, our results suggest a novel mechanism for the influenza virus to antagonize the innate immune response by NS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Cha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Erming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Lianzhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology Resources Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology Resources Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology Resources Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology Resources Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology Resources Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Moyon S, Liang J, Casaccia P. Epigenetics in NG2 glia cells. Brain Res 2016; 1638:183-198. [PMID: 26092401 PMCID: PMC4683112 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of transcription and epigenetic marks is essential for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and differentiation during development. Here, we review the recent advances in this field and highlight mechanisms of transcriptional repression and activation involved in OPC proliferation, differentiation and plasticity. We also describe how dysregulation of these epigenetic events may affect demyelinating disorders, and consider potential ways to manipulate NG2 cell behavior through modulation of the epigenome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:NG2-glia(Invited only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moyon
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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30
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Ebbers L, Runge K, Nothwang HG. Differential patterns of histone methylase EHMT2 and its catalyzed histone modifications H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 during maturation of central auditory system. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:247-64. [PMID: 27083448 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation is an important epigenetic mark leading to changes in DNA accessibility and transcription. Here, we investigate immunoreactivity against the euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2 and its catalyzed mono- and dimethylation marks at histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2) during postnatal differentiation of the mouse central auditory system. In the brainstem, expression of EHMT2 was high in the first postnatal week and down-regulated thereafter. In contrast, immunoreactivity in the auditory cortex (AC) remained high during the first year of life. This difference might be related to distinct demands for adult plasticity. Analyses of two deaf mouse models, namely Cldn14 (-/-) and Cacna1d (-/-), demonstrated that sound-driven or spontaneous activity had no influence on EHMT2 immunoreactivity. The methylation marks H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 were high throughout the auditory system up to 1 year. Young auditory neurons showed immunoreactivity against both methylations at similar intensities, whereas many mature neurons showed stronger labeling for either H3K9me1 or H3K9me2. These differences were only poorly correlated with cell types. To identify methyltransferases contributing to the persistent H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 marks in the adult brainstem, EHMT1 and the retinoblastoma-interacting zinc-finger protein RIZ1 were analyzed. Both were down-regulated during brainstem development, similar to EHMT2. Contrary to EHMT2, EHMT1 was also down-regulated in adult cortical areas. Together, our data reveal a marked difference in EHMT2 levels between mature brainstem and cortical areas and a decoupling between EHMT2 abundance and histone 3 lysine 9 methylations during brainstem differentiation. Furthermore, EHMT1 and EHMT2 are differentially expressed in cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ebbers
- Neurogenetics Group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karen Runge
- Neurogenetics Group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hans Gerd Nothwang
- Neurogenetics Group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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31
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Ning B, Li W, Zhao W, Wang R. Targeting epigenetic regulations in cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:97-109. [PMID: 26508480 PMCID: PMC4689160 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a dynamic and reversible process with DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. Recently, groundbreaking studies have demonstrated the importance of DNA and chromatin regulatory proteins from different aspects, including stem cell, development, and tumor genesis. Abnormal epigenetic regulation is frequently associated with diseases and drugs targeting DNA methylation and histone acetylation have been approved for cancer therapy. Although the network of epigenetic regulation is more complex than people expect, new potential druggable chromatin-associated proteins are being discovered and tested for clinical application. Here we review the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulations through DNA methylation, the acetylation and methylation of histones, and the reader proteins that bind to modified histones. We also discuss cancer associations and recent progress of pharmacological development of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ning
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rongfu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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32
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Effect of BIX-01294 on H3K9me2 levels and the imprinted gene Snrpn in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150064. [PMID: 26285804 PMCID: PMC4613706 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BIX-01294 (a diazepin-quinazolin-amine derivative) has important biological effects and its epigenetic regulation at imprinting control regions is highly complex. BIX-01294 may reduce global H3K9me2 levels and affect epigenetic modifications of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N (Snrpn) in MEFs. Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) hypermethylation is thought to be a major influential factor in cellular reprogramming, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induction of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The diazepin-quinazolin-amine derivative (BIX-01294) specifically inhibits the activity of histone methyltransferase EHMT2 (euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2) and reduces H3K9me2 levels in cells. The imprinted gene small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N (Snrpn) is of particular interest because of its important biological functions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of BIX-01294 on H3K9me2 levels and changes in Snrpn DNA methylation and histone H3K9me2 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Results showed that 1.3 μM BIX-01294 markedly reduced global levels of H3K9me2 with almost no cellular toxicity. There was a significant decrease in H3K9me2 in promoter regions of the Snrpn gene after BIX-01294 treatment. A significant increase in methylation of the Snrpn differentially methylated region 1 (DMR1) and slightly decreased transcript levels of Snrpn were found in BIX-01294-treated MEFs. These results suggest that BIX-01294 may reduce global levels of H3K9me2 and affect epigenetic modifications of Snrpn in MEFs.
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33
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Oh SY, Seok JY, Choi YS, Lee SH, Bae JS, Lee YM. The Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitor BIX01294 Inhibits HIF-1α Stability and Angiogenesis. Mol Cells 2015; 38:528-34. [PMID: 26013382 PMCID: PMC4469910 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key regulator of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Recent studies have shown that, BIX01294, a G9a histone methyltransferase (HMT)-specific inhibitor, induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. However, not many studies have investigated whether inhibition of G9a HMT can modulate HIF-1α stability and angiogenesis. Here, we show that BIX01294 dose-dependently decreases levels of HIF-1α in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The half-life of HIF-1α, expression of proline hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), hydroxylated HIF-1α and von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) under hypoxic conditions were decreased by BIX01294. The mRNA expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also significantly reduced by BIX01294 under hypoxic conditions in HepG2 cells. BIX01294 remarkably decreased angiogenic activity induced by VEGF in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, as demonstrated by assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), mouse aortic rings, and chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs), respectively. Furthermore, BIX01294 suppressed VEGF-induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity and inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and paxillin in HUVECs. In addition, BIX01294 inhibited VEGF-induced formation of actin cytoskeletal stress fibers. In conclusion, we demonstrated that BIX01294 inhibits HIF-1α stability and VEGF-induced angiogenesis through the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway and actin cytoskeletal remodeling, indicating a promising approach for developing novel therapeutics to stop tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Oh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Seok
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Young Sun Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Sung Hee Lee
- College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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34
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BIX-01294-induced autophagy regulates elongation of primary cilia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:428-33. [PMID: 25796328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that BIX-01294 treatment strongly activates autophagy. Although, the interplay between autophagy and ciliogenesis has been suggested, the role of autophagy in ciliogenesis is controversial and largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of autophagy induced by BIX-01294 on the formation of primary cilia in human retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. Treatment of RPE cells with BIX-01294 caused strong elongation of the primary cilium and increased the number of ciliated cells, as well as autophagy activation. The elongated cilia in serum starved cultured cells were gradually decreased by re-feeding the cells with normal growth medium. However, the disassembly of cilia was blocked in the BIX-01294-treated cells. In addition, both genetic and chemical inhibition of autophagy suppressed BIX-01294-mediated ciliogenesis in RPE cells. Taken together, these results suggest that autophagy induced by BIX-01294 positively regulates the elongation of primary cilium.
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35
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Abdel-Hafiz HA, Horwitz KB. Role of epigenetic modifications in luminal breast cancer. Epigenomics 2015; 7:847-62. [PMID: 25689414 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancers represent approximately 75% of cases. Explanations into the causes of endocrine resistance are complex and are generally ascribed to genomic mechanisms. Recently, attention has been drawn to the role of epigenetic modifications in hormone resistance. We review these here. Epigenetic modifications are reversible, heritable and include changes in DNA methylation patterns, modification of histones and altered microRNA expression levels that target the receptors or their signaling pathways. Large-scale analyses indicate distinct epigenomic profiles that distinguish breast cancers from normal and benign tissues. Taking advantage of the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, drugs that target epigenetic modifiers, given in combination with chemotherapies or endocrine therapies, may represent promising approaches to restoration of therapy responsiveness in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn B Horwitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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36
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Singh V, Singh LC, Singh AP, Sharma J, Borthakur BB, Debnath A, Rai AK, Phukan RK, Mahanta J, Kataki AC, Kapur S, Saxena S. Status of epigenetic chromatin modification enzymes and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in northeast Indian population. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:979-999. [PMID: 26045981 PMCID: PMC4449430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer incidence is reported in high frequency in northeast India. The etiology is different from other population at India due to wide variations in dietary habits or nutritional factors, tobacco/betel quid chewing and alcohol habits. Since DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNA-mediated epigenetic processes alter the gene expression, the involvement of these processes might be useful to find out epigenetic markers of esophageal cancer risk in northeast Indian population. The present investigation was aimed to carryout differential expression profiling of chromatin modification enzymes in tumor and normal tissue collected from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Differential mRNA expression profiling and their validation was done by quantitative real time PCR and tissue microarray respectively. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the epidemiological data. mRNA expression data was analyzed by Student t-test. Fisher exact test was used for tissue microarray data analysis. Higher expression of enzymes regulating methylation (DOT1L and PRMT1) and acetylation (KAT7, KAT8, KAT2A and KAT6A) of histone was found associated with ESCC risk. Tissue microarray done in independent cohort of 75 patients revealed higher nuclear protein expression of KAT8 and PRMT1 in tumor similar to mRNA expression. Expression status of PRMT1 and KAT8 was found declined as we move from low grade to high grade tumor. Betel nut chewing, alcohol drinking and dried fish intake were significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer among the study subject. Study suggests the association of PRMT1 and KAT8 with esophageal cancer risk and its involvement in the transition process of low to high grade tumor formation. The study exposes the differential status of chromatin modification enzymes between tumor and normal tissue and points out that relaxed state of chromatin facilitates more transcriptionally active genome in esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Singh
- National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research)New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Laishram C Singh
- National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research)New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Avninder P Singh
- National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research)New Delhi-110029, India
| | | | | | | | - Avdhesh K Rai
- B Borooah Cancer Institute (BBCI)Guwahati-781016, Assam, India
| | - Rup K Phukan
- Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC)Dibrugadh-786001, Assam, India
| | - Jagadish Mahanta
- Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC)Dibrugadh-786001, Assam, India
| | - Amal C Kataki
- B Borooah Cancer Institute (BBCI)Guwahati-781016, Assam, India
| | - Sujala Kapur
- National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research)New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Sunita Saxena
- National Institute of Pathology (Indian Council of Medical Research)New Delhi-110029, India
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37
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Cui J, Sun W, Hao X, Wei M, Su X, Zhang Y, Su L, Liu X. EHMT2 inhibitor BIX-01294 induces apoptosis through PMAIP1-USP9X-MCL1 axis in human bladder cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:4. [PMID: 25685062 PMCID: PMC4326523 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BIX-01294, an euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) inhibitor, has been reported to induce apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells and inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. However, the definite mechanism of the apoptosis mediated by BIX-01294 in bladder cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that BIX-01294 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. Moreover, our data show BIX-01294 stimulates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and up-regulated expression of PMAIP1 through DDIT3 up-regulation. Furthermore, down-regulation of the deubiquitinase USP9X by BIX-01294 results in downstream reduction of MCL1 expression, leading to apoptosis eventually. Thus, our findings demonstrate PMAIP1-USP9X-MCL1 axis may contribute to BIX-01294-induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Wendong Sun
- The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuexi Hao
- The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minli Wei
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Xiaonan Su
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100 China
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38
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DRAM1 regulates apoptosis through increasing protein levels and lysosomal localization of BAX. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1624. [PMID: 25633293 PMCID: PMC4669745 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
DRAM1 (DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1) is a TP53 target gene that modulates autophagy and apoptosis. We previously found that DRAM1 increased autophagy flux by promoting lysosomal acidification and protease activation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DRAM1 regulates apoptosis are not clearly defined. Here we report a novel pathway by which DRAM1 regulates apoptosis involving BAX and lysosomes. A549 or HeLa cells were treated with the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor, 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP), or an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. Changes in the protein and mRNA levels of BAX and DRAM1 and the role of DRAM1 in BAX induction were determined. The interaction between DRAM1 and BAX and its effect on BAX degradation, BAX lysosomal localization, the release of cathepsin B and cytochrome c by BAX and the role of BAX in 3NP- or doxorubicin-induced cell death were studied. The results showed that BAX, a proapoptotic protein, was induced by DRAM1 in a transcription-independent manner. BAX was degraded by autophagy under basal conditions; however, its degradation was inhibited when DRAM1 expression was induced. There was a protein interaction between DRAM1 and BAX and this interaction prolonged the half-life of BAX. Furthermore, upregulated DRAM1 recruited BAX to lysosomes, leading to the release of lysosomal cathepsin B and cleavage of BID (BH3-interacting domain death agonist). BAX mediated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and cell death partially through the lysosome-cathepsin B-tBid pathway. These results indicate that DRAM1 regulates apoptosis by inhibiting BAX degradation. In addition to mitochondria, lysosomes may also be involved in BAX-initiated apoptosis.
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39
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Tough DF, Lewis HD, Rioja I, Lindon MJ, Prinjha RK. Epigenetic pathway targets for the treatment of disease: accelerating progress in the development of pharmacological tools: IUPHAR Review 11. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4981-5010. [PMID: 25060293 PMCID: PMC4253452 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of a cell are determined both genetically by the DNA sequence of its genes and epigenetically through processes that regulate the pattern, timing and magnitude of expression of its genes. While the genetic basis of disease has been a topic of intense study for decades, recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the understanding of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and a growing appreciation that epigenetic misregulation makes a significant contribution to human disease. Several large protein families have been identified that act in different ways to control the expression of genes through epigenetic mechanisms. Many of these protein families are finally proving tractable for the development of small molecules that modulate their function and represent new target classes for drug discovery. Here, we provide an overview of some of the key epigenetic regulatory proteins and discuss progress towards the development of pharmacological tools for use in research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Tough
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Epinova DPU, Stevenage, UK
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40
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Ke XX, Zhang D, Zhu S, Xia Q, Xiang Z, Cui H. Inhibition of H3K9 methyltransferase G9a repressed cell proliferation and induced autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106962. [PMID: 25198515 PMCID: PMC4157855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation plays an important role in gene transcription and chromatin organization and is linked to the silencing of a number of critical tumor suppressor genes in tumorigenesis. G9a is a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) for histone H3 lysine 9. In this study, we investigated the role of G9a in neuroblastoma tumor growth together with the G9a inhibitor BIX01294. The exposure of neuroblastoma cells to BIX01294 resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, and BIX01294 treatment resulted in the inhibition of the tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells in NOD/SCID mice. Therefore, G9a may be a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Moreover, we found several specific characteristics of autophagy after BIX01294 treatment, including the appearance of membranous vacuoles and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B). Similar results were observed in G9a-knockdown cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that G9a is a prognostic marker in neuroblastoma, and revealed a potential role of G9a in regulating the autophagy signaling pathway in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dunke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (HC)
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (HC)
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41
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Simó-Riudalbas L, Esteller M. Targeting the histone orthography of cancer: drugs for writers, erasers and readers. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:2716-32. [PMID: 25039449 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is dynamically controlled by epigenetics through post-translational modifications of histones, chromatin-associated proteins and DNA itself. All these elements are required for the maintenance of chromatin structure and cell identity in the context of a normal cellular phenotype. Disruption of epigenetic regulation is a common event in human cancer. Here, we review the key protein families that control epigenetic signalling through writing, erasing or reading specific post-translational modifications. By exploiting the leading role of epigenetics in tumour development and the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, promising novel epigenetic-based therapies are being developed. In this article, we highlight the emerging low MW inhibitors targeting each class of chromatin-associated protein, their current use in preclinical and clinical trials and the likelihood of their being approved in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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42
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Pang ALY, Title AC, Rennert OM. Modulation of microRNA expression in human lung cancer cells by the G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1819-1825. [PMID: 24932239 PMCID: PMC4049738 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of their target genes at the post-transcriptional level. In cancer cells, miRNAs, depending on the biological functions of their target genes, may have a tumor-promoting or -suppressing effect. Treatment of cancer cells with inhibitors of DNA methylation and/or histone deacetylation modulates the expression level of miRNAs, which provides evidence for epigenetic regulation of miRNA expression. The consequences of inhibition of histone methyltransferase on miRNA expression, however, have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study examined the expression pattern of miRNAs in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line, H1299 with or without treatment of BIX01294, a potent chemical inhibitor of G9a methyltransferase that catalyzes the mono-and di-methylation of the lysine 9 residue of histone H3. By coupling microarray analysis with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, two miRNAs were identified that showed consistent downregulation following BIX01294 treatment. The results indicate that histone H3 methylation regulates miRNA expression in lung cancer cells, which may provide additional insight for future chemical treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Lap-Yin Pang
- Laboratory of Clinical and Developmental Genomics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4429, USA
| | - Alexandra C Title
- Laboratory of Clinical and Developmental Genomics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4429, USA
| | - Owen M Rennert
- Laboratory of Clinical and Developmental Genomics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4429, USA
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Posuwan N, Payungporn S, Tangkijvanich P, Ogawa S, Murakami S, Iijima S, Matsuura K, Shinkai N, Watanabe T, Poovorawan Y, Tanaka Y. Genetic association of human leukocyte antigens with chronicity or resolution of hepatitis B infection in thai population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86007. [PMID: 24465836 PMCID: PMC3900446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA-DP, TCF19 and EHMT2 genes may affect the chronic hepatitis B (CHB). To predict the degree of risk for chronicity of HBV, this study determined associations with these SNPs. METHODS The participants for this study were defined into 4 groups; HCC (n = 230), CHB (n = 219), resolved HBV infection (n = 113) and HBV uninfected subjects (n = 123). The HLA-DP SNPs (rs3077, rs9277378 and rs3128917), TCF19 SNP (rs1419881) and EHMT2 SNP (rs652888) were genotyped. RESULTS Due to similar distribution of genotype frequencies in HCC and CHB, we combined these two groups (HBV carriers). The genotype distribution in HBV carriers relative to those who resolved HBV showed that rs3077 and rs9277378 were significantly associated with protective effects against CHB in minor dominant model (OR = 0.45, p<0.001 and OR = 0.47, p<0.001). The other SNPs rs3128917, rs1419881 and rs652888 were not associated with HBV carriers. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations of rs3077 and rs9277378, but not rs3128917, rs1419881 and rs652888, were significantly associated with HBV carriers relative to resolved HBV in Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawarat Posuwan
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Research Unit of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Research Unit of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuko Murakami
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayuki Iijima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noboru Shinkai
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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