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Jarrard CP, Watso JC, Atkins WC, McKenna ZJ, Foster J, Huang M, Belval LN, Crandall CG. Sex Differences in Sympathetic Responses to Lower-Body Negative Pressure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1056-1065. [PMID: 38233995 PMCID: PMC11187698 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trauma-induced hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in prehospital settings. Experimental data demonstrate that females have a lower tolerance to simulated hemorrhage (i.e., central hypovolemia). However, the mechanism(s) underpinning these responses are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to compare autonomic cardiovascular responses during central hypovolemia between the sexes. We hypothesized that females would have a lower tolerance and smaller increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to simulated hemorrhage. METHODS Data from 17 females and 19 males, aged 19-45 yr, were retrospectively analyzed. Participants completed a progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol to presyncope to simulate hemorrhagic tolerance with continuous measures of MSNA and beat-to-beat hemodynamic variables. We compared responses at baseline, at two LBNP stages (-40 and -50 mmHg), and at immediately before presyncope. In addition, we compared responses at relative percentages (33%, 66%, and 100%) of hemorrhagic tolerance, calculated via the cumulative stress index (i.e., the sum of the product of time and pressure at each LBNP stage). RESULTS Females had lower tolerance to central hypovolemia (female: 561 ± 309 vs male: 894 ± 304 min·mmHg [time·LBNP]; P = 0.003). At LBNP -40 and -50 mmHg, females had lower diastolic blood pressures (main effect of sex: P = 0.010). For the relative LBNP analysis, females exhibited lower MSNA burst frequency (main effect of sex: P = 0.016) accompanied by a lower total vascular conductance (sex: P = 0.028; main effect of sex). CONCLUSIONS Females have a lower tolerance to central hypovolemia, which was accompanied by lower diastolic blood pressure at -40 and -50 mmHg LBNP. Notably, females had attenuated MSNA responses when assessed as relative LBNP tolerance time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin P. Jarrard
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Applied Clinical Research Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Joseph C. Watso
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Applied Clinical Research Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Whitley C. Atkins
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zachary J. McKenna
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Josh Foster
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mu Huang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Office of Science, Medicine, and Health, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX
| | - Luke N. Belval
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Craig G. Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Goldstein DS. Post-COVID dysautonomias: what we know and (mainly) what we don't know. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:99-113. [PMID: 38212633 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Following on from the COVID-19 pandemic is another worldwide public health challenge that is referred to variously as long COVID, post-COVID syndrome or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PASC comes in many forms and affects all body organs. This heterogeneous presentation suggests involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which has numerous roles in the maintenance of homeostasis and coordination of responses to various stressors. Thus far, studies of ANS dysregulation in people with PASC have been largely observational and descriptive, based on symptom inventories or objective but indirect measures of cardiovascular function, and have paid little attention to the adrenomedullary, hormonal and enteric nervous components of the ANS. Such investigations do not consider the syndromic nature of autonomic dysfunction. This Review provides an update on the literature relating to ANS abnormalities in people with post-COVID syndrome and presents a theoretical perspective on how the ANS might participate in common features of PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Seilern Und Aspang J, Zamanzadeh RS, Schwartz AM, Premkumar A, Hussain ZB, Boissonneault A, Martin JR, Wilson JM. The Impact of Frailty on Outcomes Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients of Different Sex and Race: Is Frailty Equitably Detrimental? J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:1668-1675. [PMID: 36868329 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether frailty impacts total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients of different races or sex equally is unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of frailty on outcomes following primary THA in patients of differing race and sex. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing a national database (2015-2019) to identify frail (≥2 points on the modified frailty index-5) patients undergoing primary THA. One-to-one matching for each frail cohort of interest (race: Black, Hispanic, Asian, versus White (non-Hispanic), respectively; and sex: men versus women) was performed to diminish confounding. The 30-day complications and resource utilizations were then compared between cohorts. RESULTS There was no difference in the occurrence of at least 1 complication (P > .05) among frail patients of differing race. However, frail Black patients had increased odds of postoperative transfusion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.77), deep vein thrombosis (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.08-6.27), as well as >2-day hospitalization and nonhome discharge (P < .001). Frail women had higher odds of having at least 1 complication (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.47-1.89), nonhome discharge, readmission, and reoperation (P < .05). Contrarily, frail men had higher 30-day cardiac arrest (0.2% versus 0.0%, P = .020) and mortality (0.3 versus 0.1%, P = .002). CONCLUSION Frailty appears to have an overall equitable influence on the occurrence of at least 1 complication in THA patients of different races, although different rates of some individual, specific complications were identified. For instance, frail Black patients experienced increased deep vein thrombosis and transfusion rates relative to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Contrarily, frail women, relative to frail men, have lower 30-day mortality despite increased complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan S Zamanzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew M Schwartz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ajay Premkumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zaamin B Hussain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adam Boissonneault
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Ryan Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jacob M Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Exploring Health Impacts of Occupational Exposure to Carbon Monoxide in the Labour Community of Hattar Industrial Estate. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the health impacts related to noninvasive carbon monoxide saturation (SPCO %) in the blood of respondents. For this purpose, 150 respondents from the labour community of Hattar Industrial Estate (testing site) and 100 respondents from Sultan Pur (control site) were selected. To achieve this objective, a Rad-57 Pulse CO-Oximeter was used for noninvasive carboxyhemoglobin measurement. Carbon monoxide saturation (SPCO%) in the blood of respondents from Hattar Industrial Estate, Haripur, Pakistan has been compared with the WHO’s standard concentration of SPCO% (5%). High saturation of carbon monoxide (carboxyhemoglobin SPCO) in the blood of respondents and disease association have been interpreted in graphs formed on the basis of statistical analysis in terms of frequencies, using statistical software (SPSS), based on demographic entries as well as exposure time of the employees in the processing, food and steel industries. The highest SPCO% measured was 17% in the steel industry and the lowest measured level was 4.2%. Frequencies and percentages of respiratory inflammation, dermatosis, asthma, breathing issues and eye inflammation among respondents were 29%, 35%, 16.7%, 23.5% and 9%, respectively. Prevalence of disease in three different groups of respondents (from three testing sites) was also analyzed on the basis of exposure time (hrs.) to carbon monoxide emissions. Prevalence of disease among the exposed and non-exposed groups was analyzed and showed comparatively lower disease prevalence in the group of respondents who were not exposed to high carbon monoxide emissions. The data of the current study was also subjected to statistical modelling to find the health risk of air pollutants (carbon monoxide) on population health by calculating attributable risk (AR) or attributable proportion (AP). Results indicated that attributable risk of carbon monoxide exposure for respiratory diseases, dermatosis and eye inflammation were 61.12%, 65.77% and 24.95% respectively. Findings of statistical modelling indicated that dermatosis and respiratory diseases were more prevalent in laborers of industrial units than those at control site.
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Zhao J, Ding Y, Kline GP, Zhou Z, Mallet RT, Shi X. Hypoxic breathing produces more intense hypoxemia in elderly women than in elderly men. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989635. [PMID: 36388125 PMCID: PMC9644051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brief hypoxic exposures are increasingly applied as interventions for aging-related conditions. To optimize the therapeutic impact of hypoxia, knowledge of the sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia is essential. This study compared hypoxia-induced hypoxemic responses in elderly men and women. Methods: Seven elderly men (70.3 ± 6.0 years old) and nine women (69.4 ± 5.5 years old) breathed 10% O2 for 5 min while arterial (SaO2; transcutaneous photoplethysmography) and cerebral tissue O2 saturation (ScO2; near-infrared spectroscopy), ventilatory frequency, tidal volume, minute-ventilation, and partial pressures of end-tidal O2 (PETO2) and CO2 (mass spectrometry) were continuously monitored. Cerebral tissue oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) equaled (SaO2-ScO2)/SaO2. Results: During 5 min hypoxia SaO2 fell from 97.0 ± 0.8% to 80.6 ± 4.6% in the men and from 96.3 ± 1.4% to 72.6 ± 4.0% in the women. The slope ΔSaO2/min was steeper in the women than the men (-4.71 ± 0.96 vs. -3.24 ± 0.76%/min; p = 0.005). Although SaO2 fell twice as sharply per unit decrease in PETO2 in the women than the men (-1.13 ± 0.11 vs. -0.54 ± 0.06%/mmHg; p = 0.003), minute-ventilation per unit hypoxemia increased less appreciably in the women (-0.092 ± 0.014 vs. -0.160 ± 0.021 L/min/%; p = 0.023). OEF fell with hypoxia duration in the women, but remained stable in the men. Conclusion: During 5 min hypoxic breathing, elderly women experience more intense hypoxemia and reduced chemoreflex sensitivity vs. their male counterparts, which may lower OEF stability in women despite augmented O2 dissociation from hemoglobin during hypoxia. These sex-related differences merit attention when implementing brief hypoxic exposures for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Geoffrey P Kline
- Internal Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Physiology and Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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