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Wei X, Yi X, Liu J, Sui X, Li L, Li M, Lv H, Yi H. Circ-phkb promotes cell apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced alveolar macrophages via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB/CCL2 axis. Respir Res 2024; 25:62. [PMID: 38287405 PMCID: PMC10826187 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have been associated with acute lung injury (ALI), but their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS This study developed a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and evaluated the modeling effect by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6). Using lung tissues from a rat model of LPS-induced ALI, we then conducted circRNA sequencing, mRNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis to obtain differential circRNA and mRNA expression profiles as well as potential ceRNA networks. Furthermore, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays to screen for circ-Phkb in ALI rat lung tissues, alveolar macrophages, and LPS-induced NR8383 cells. We conducted induction with or without LPS with circ-Phkb siRNA and overexpression lentivirus in NR8383. Cell Counting Kit-8, C5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Edu), TUNEL, and cytometry were used to identify proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. We detected inflammatory factors using ELISA. Finally, we used Western blot to detect the apoptosis-related proteins and TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB/CCL2 pathway activation. RESULTS Our results revealed that both circRNA and mRNA profiles are different from those of the Sham group. We observed a significant circ-Phkb upregulation in NR8383 cells and LPS-exposed rats. Apoptosis and inflammation were greatly reduced when circ-Phkb expression was reduced in NR8383 cells, cell proliferation was increased, and circ-Phkb overexpression was decreased. CONCLUSIONS In terms of mechanism, circ-Phkb suppression inhibits CCL2 expression via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathway in LPS-induced alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Wei
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yi
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Mei Li
- VIP Healthcare Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Haijin Lv
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Huimin Yi
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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Zafar I, Manzoor S, Mariappan N, Ahmad S, Athar M, Antony V, Ahmad A. A Murine Model of Vesicant-Induced Acute Lung Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:568-575. [PMID: 38050084 PMCID: PMC10801773 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries including those caused by chemicals can result in systemic effects and acute lung injury (ALI). Cutaneous exposure to Lewisite, a warfare and chemical burn agent, also causes ALI. To overcome the limitations in conducting direct research on Lewisite-induced ALI in a laboratory setting, an animal model was developed using phenylarsine oxide (PAO) as a surrogate for Lewisite. Due to lack of a reliable animal model mimicking the effects of such exposures, development of effective therapies to treat such injuries is challenging. We demonstrated that a single cutaneous exposure to PAO resulted in disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier as evidenced by elevated protein levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). BALF supernatant of PAO-exposed animals had increased levels of high mobility group box 1, a damage associated molecular pattern molecule. Arterial blood-gas measurements showed decreased pH, increased PaCO2, and decreased partial pressure of arterial O2, indicative of respiratory acidosis, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia. Increased protein levels of interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, CXCL-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CXCL-10, leukemia inhibitory factor, leptin, IL-18, CCL-2, CCL-3, and CCL-7 were observed in the lung of PAO-exposed mice. Further, vascular endothelial growth factor levels were reduced in the lung. Pulmonary function evaluated using a flexiVent showed a downward shift in the pressure-volume loop, decreases in static compliance and inspiratory capacity, increases in respiratory elastance and tissue elastance. These changes are consistent with an ALI phenotype. These results demonstrate that cutaneous PAO exposure leads to ALI and that the model can be used as an effective surrogate to investigate vesicant-induced ALI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study presents a robust model for studying ALI resulting from cutaneous exposure to PAO, a surrogate for the toxic vesicating agent Lewisite. The findings in this study mimic the effects of cutaneous Lewisite exposure, providing a reliable model for investigating mechanisms underlying toxicity. The model can also be used to develop medical countermeasures to mitigate ALI associated with cutaneous Lewisite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Zafar
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (I.Z., S.M., S.A., A.A.), Department of Dermatology (M.A.), and Department of Medicine (V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shajer Manzoor
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (I.Z., S.M., S.A., A.A.), Department of Dermatology (M.A.), and Department of Medicine (V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (I.Z., S.M., S.A., A.A.), Department of Dermatology (M.A.), and Department of Medicine (V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shama Ahmad
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (I.Z., S.M., S.A., A.A.), Department of Dermatology (M.A.), and Department of Medicine (V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (I.Z., S.M., S.A., A.A.), Department of Dermatology (M.A.), and Department of Medicine (V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena Antony
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (I.Z., S.M., S.A., A.A.), Department of Dermatology (M.A.), and Department of Medicine (V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (I.Z., S.M., S.A., A.A.), Department of Dermatology (M.A.), and Department of Medicine (V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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3
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Ageta K, Hirayama T, Aokage T, Seya M, Meng Y, Nojima T, Yamamoto H, Obara T, Nakao A, Yumoto T, Tsukahara K, Naito H. Hydrogen inhalation attenuates lung contusion after blunt chest trauma in mice. Surgery 2023; 174:343-349. [PMID: 37210236 PMCID: PMC10193194 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung contusion caused by blunt chest trauma evokes a severe inflammatory reaction in the pulmonary parenchyma that may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although hydrogen gas has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and is protective against multiple types of lung injury at safe concentrations, the effects of inhaled hydrogen gas on blunt lung injury have not been previously investigated. Therefore, using a mouse model, we tested the hypothesis that hydrogen inhalation after chest trauma would reduce pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury associated with lung contusion. METHODS Inbred male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham with air inhalation, lung contusion with air inhalation, and lung contusion with 1.3% hydrogen inhalation. Experimental lung contusion was induced using a highly reproducible and standardized apparatus. Immediately after induction of lung contusion, mice were placed in a chamber exposed to 1.3% hydrogen gas in the air. Histopathological analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction in lung tissue and blood gas analysis were performed 6 hours after contusion. RESULTS Histopathological examination of the lung tissue after contusion revealed perivascular/intra-alveolar hemorrhage, perivascular/interstitial leukocyte infiltration, and interstitial/intra-alveolar edema. These histological changes and the extent of lung contusion, as determined by computed tomography, were significantly mitigated by hydrogen inhalation. Hydrogen inhalation also significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels and improved oxygenation. CONCLUSION Hydrogen inhalation therapy significantly mitigated inflammatory responses associated with lung contusion in mice. Hydrogen inhalation therapy may be a supplemental therapeutic strategy for treating lung contusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ageta
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Takahiro Hirayama
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Toshiyuki Aokage
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Mizuki Seya
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tsuyoshi Nojima
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hirotsugu Yamamoto
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Takafumi Obara
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Atsunori Nakao
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tetsuya Yumoto
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kohei Tsukahara
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hiromichi Naito
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Langgartner D, Amoroso M, Kempter E, Kustermann M, Scheurer J, Lowry CA, Strauß G, Reber SO. Mycobacterium vaccae protects against glucocorticoid resistance resulting from combined physical and psychosocial trauma in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:221-234. [PMID: 36736929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related somatic and psychiatric disorders are often associated with a decline in regulatory T cell (Treg) counts and chronic low-grade inflammation. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that the latter is at least partly mediated by stress-induced upregulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in newly generated neutrophils and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), as well as glucocorticoid (GC) resistance in predominantly PMN-MDSCs following stress-induced upregulation of TLR4 expression. Here we show in mice exposed to the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm that repeated intragastric (i.g.) administrations of a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a saprophytic microorganism with immunoregulatory properties, protected against the stress-induced reduction in systemic Tregs, increase in basal and LPS-induced in vitro splenocyte viability, as well as splenic in vitro GC resistance. Our findings further support the hypothesis that i.g. M. vaccae protects against CSC-associated splenic GC resistance via directly affecting the myeloid compartment, thereby preventing the CSC-induced upregulation of TLR4 in newly generated PMN-MDSCs. In contrast, the protective effects of i.g. M. vaccae on the CSC-induced upregulation of TLR2 in neutrophils and the subsequent increase in basal and LPS-induced in vitro splenocyte viability seems to be indirectly mediated via the Treg compartment. These data highlight the potential for use of oral administration of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 to prevent stress-induced exaggeration of inflammation, a risk factor for development of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Kempter
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Monika Kustermann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; VIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West NY, NJ 07093, USA
| | - Gudrun Strauß
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Kempter E, Amoroso M, Kupfer S, Lupu L, Kustermann M, Scheurer J, Baumann B, Wirth T, Gündel H, Straub RH, Strauß G, Huber-Lang M, Langgartner D, Reber SO. The PMN-MDSC - A key player in glucocorticoid resistance following combined physical and psychosocial trauma. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:148-161. [PMID: 36427809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-associated somatic and psychiatric disorders are often linked to non-resolving low-grade inflammation, which is promoted at least in part by glucocorticoid (GC) resistance of distinct immune cell subpopulations. While the monocyte/macrophage compartment was in the focus of many clinical and preclinical studies, the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in stress-associated pathologies and GC resistance is less understood. As GC resistance is a clear risk factor for posttraumatic complications in patients on intensive care, the exact interplay of physical and psychosocial traumatization in the development of GC resistance needs to be further clarified. In the current study we employ the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm, a well-characterized mouse model of chronic psychosocial stress, to study the role of myeloid cells, in particular of MDSCs, in innate immune activation and GC resistance following combined psychosocial and physical (e.g., bite wounds) trauma. Our findings support the hypothesis that stress-induced neutrophils, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs and monocytes/monocyte-like (MO)-MDSCs get primed and activated locally in the bone marrow as determined by toll-like receptor (TLR)2 upregulation and increased basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro cell viability. These primed and activated myeloid cells emigrate into the peripheral circulation and subsequently, if CSC is accompanied by significant bite wounding, accumulate in the spleen. Here, PMN-MDSCs and monocytes/MO-MDSCs upregulate TLR4 expression, which exclusively in PMN-MDSCs promotes NF-κB hyperactivation upon LPS-stimulation, thereby exceeding the anti-inflammatory capacities of GCs and resulting in GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kempter
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Kupfer
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludmila Lupu
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Monika Kustermann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Strauß
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Ozkaya S, Alhaja E, Karaman I, Erdem D. Pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis: Can it originate from chest trauma? ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_85_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Kostakoglu U, Topcu A, Atak M, Tumkaya L, Mercantepe T, Uydu HA. The protective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor against cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis via oxidative stress and inflammation. Life Sci 2019; 241:117051. [PMID: 31733315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis is a severe public health problem affecting millions of individuals, with global mortality rates caused by lower respiratory tract infections are approximately 2.38 million people a year die from respiratory failure caused by infection. Although ACE is known to contribute to damage in septicemia, the pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis remain unclear. While mortality can be significantly reduced through effective and sensitive antibiotic therapy, antibiotic resistance restricts the use of these drugs, and the investigation of novel agents and targets is therefore essential. Our aim was to determine whether Perindopril (PER) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capable of preventing these adverse conditions resulting in injury in previous studies. MAIN METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the control group, received oral saline solution alone for four days. the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, underwent only cecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis, while the CLP + PER (2 mg/kg) underwent cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis together with oral administration of 2 mg/kg PER for four days before induction of sepsis. KEY FINDINGS Malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kβ/p65) levels increased in the CLP group. On the other hand, PER (2 mg/kg) oral administration to septic rats decreased MDA, TNF-α and increase glutathione (GSH) in the lung tissue. In addition, PER administration also decreased the lung tissue NF-κB and Caspase-3 immunopositivity against sepsis. SIGNIFICANCE PER treatment may represent a promising means of preventing sepsis-induced lung injury via antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Kostakoglu
- Department of Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Topcu
- Department of Pharmacology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Medicine, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Atak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avni Uydu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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8
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Heck AJ, Ostertag T, Schnell L, Fischer S, Agrawalla BK, Winterwerber P, Wirsching E, Fauler M, Frick M, Kuan SL, Weil T, Barth H. Supramolecular Toxin Complexes for Targeted Pharmacological Modulation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900665. [PMID: 31318180 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The targeted pharmacological modulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is of major medical interest. These innate immune cells play a central role in the defense against pathogenic microorganisms. However, their excessive chemotactic recruitment into tissues after traumatic injury is detrimental due to local and systemic inflammation. Rho-GTPases, being the master regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, regulate migration and chemotaxis of PMNs, are attractive pharmacological targets. Herein, supramolecular protein complexes are assembled in a "mix-and-match" approach containing the specific Rho-inhibiting clostridial C3 enzyme and three PMN-binding peptides using an avidin platform. Selective delivery of the C3 Rho-inhibitor with these complexes into the cytosol of human neutrophil-like NB-4 cells and primary human PMNs ex vivo is demonstrated, where they catalyze the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation of Rho and induce a characteristic change in cell morphology. Notably, the complexes do not deliver C3 enzyme into human lung epithelial cells, A549 lung cancer cells, and immortalized human alveolar epithelial cells (hAELVi), demonstrating their cell type-selectivity. The supramolecular complexes represent attractive molecular tools to decipher the role of PMNs in infection and inflammation or for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for diseases that are associated with hyperactivity and reactivity of PMNs such as post-traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Johanna Heck
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Theresa Ostertag
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Leonie Schnell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Pia Winterwerber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eva Wirsching
- Institute of General Physiology – Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of General Physiology – Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology – Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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9
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Potera RM, Cao M, Jordan LF, Hogg RT, Hook JS, Moreland JG. Alveolar Macrophage Chemokine Secretion Mediates Neutrophilic Lung Injury in Nox2-Deficient Mice. Inflammation 2019; 42:185-198. [PMID: 30288635 PMCID: PMC6775637 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), developing as a component of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced in part by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated the development of pulmonary inflammation in Nox2-deficient (gp91phox-/y) mice that was absent in WT mice in a murine model of SIRS. Given this finding, we hypothesized that Nox2 in a resident cell in the lung, specifically the alveolar macrophage, has an essential anti-inflammatory role. Using a murine model of SIRS, we examined whole-lung digests and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) from WT and gp91phox-/y mice. Both genotypes demonstrated neutrophil sequestration in the lung during SIRS, but neutrophil migration into the alveolar space was only present in the gp91phox-/y mice. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α gene expression and protein secretion were higher in whole-lung digest from uninjected gp91phox-/y mice compared to the WT mice. Gene expression of MIP-1α, MCP-1, and MIP-2 was upregulated in alveolar macrophages obtained from gp91phox-/y mice at baseline compared with WT mice. Further, ex vivo analysis of alveolar macrophages, but not bone marrow-derived macrophages or peritoneal macrophages, demonstrated higher gene expression of MIP-1α and MIP-2. Moreover, isolated lung polymorphonuclear neutrophils migrate to BALf obtained from gp91phox-/y mice, further providing evidence of a cell-specific anti-inflammatory role for Nox2 in alveolar macrophages. We speculate that Nox2 represses the development of inflammatory lung injury by modulating chemokine expression by the alveolar macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Potera
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA.
| | - Mou Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Lin F Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Richard T Hogg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Fitschen-Oestern S, Lippross S, Klueter T, Weuster M, Varoga D, Tohidnezhad M, Pufe T, Rose-John S, Andruszkow H, Hildebrand F, Steubesand N, Seekamp A, Neunaber C. Correction to: A new multiple trauma model of the mouse. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:72. [PMID: 30744619 PMCID: PMC6371601 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fitschen-Oestern
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klueter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Weuster
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Varoga
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hagen Andruszkow
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Steubesand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Torun AC, Tutuncu S, Ustun B, Akdemir HU. A Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Resveratrol on Blunt Chest Trauma-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats and the Potential Role of Endocan as a Biomarker of Inflammation. Inflammation 2018; 40:1803-1810. [PMID: 28726014 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the therapeutic effects of resveratrol in a rat model of blunt chest trauma-induced acute lung injury and the potential role of endocan as a biomarker of inflammation. They were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 7 in each group): control group (no treatment or trauma); trauma group (trauma-induced group); resveratrol group (resveratrol [0.3 mg/kg] administered via the i.p. route group); and resveratrol + trauma group (resveratrol [0.3 mg/kg] administered via the i.p. route 1 h prior to the induction of trauma At the end of the 24 h, all the experimental rats were sacrificed. Lung lobe and blood samples were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. Serum endocan levels were found to be significantly higher in the travma, resveratrol, and resveratrol + trauma groups than in the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Moreover, in resveratrol + trauma group, endocan showed a significant increase compared to trauma and resveratrol group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Serum MDA level was significantly higher in the trauma group than in the control group (p = 0.017). SOD showed a significant increase in resveratrol and resveratrol + trauma groups compared to control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The present study suggested that resveratrol exerted antioxidant properties in a rat model of lung injury after blunt chest trauma. Thus, it may have therapeutic potential in cases of blunt chest trauma-induced lung injury. Serum levels of endocan were not correlated with the inflammation response. The clinical use of endocan as a biomarker of inflammation in lung injury caused by blunt chest trauma is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Caglar Torun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Serife Tutuncu
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ustun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hızır Ufuk Akdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1264913. [PMID: 29950923 PMCID: PMC5989173 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1264913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite development in the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the underlying mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Apart from leukocytes and endothelial cells, macrophages are also essential for the process of the inflammatory response in ALI/ARDS. Notably, macrophages play a dual role of proinflammation and anti-inflammation based on the microenvironment in different pathological stages. In the acute phase of ALI/ARDS, resident alveolar macrophages, typically expressing the alternatively activated phenotype (M2), shift into the classically activated phenotype (M1) and release various potent proinflammatory mediators. In the later phase, the M1 phenotype of activated resident and recruited macrophages shifts back to the M2 phenotype for eliminating apoptotic cells and participating in fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the main subsets of macrophages and the associated signaling pathways in three different pathological phases of ALI/ARDS. According to the current literature, regulating the function of macrophages and monocytes might be a promising therapeutic strategy against ALI/ARDS.
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Fitschen-Oestern S, Lippross S, Klueter T, Weuster M, Varoga D, Tohidnezhad M, Pufe T, Rose-John S, Andruszkow H, Hildebrand F, Steubesand N, Seekamp A, Neunaber C. A new multiple trauma model of the mouse. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:468. [PMID: 29157219 PMCID: PMC5697084 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blunt trauma is the most frequent mechanism of injury in multiple trauma, commonly resulting from road traffic collisions or falls. Two of the most frequent injuries in patients with multiple trauma are chest trauma and extremity fracture. Several trauma mouse models combine chest trauma and head injury, but no trauma mouse model to date includes the combination of long bone fractures and chest trauma. Outcome is essentially determined by the combination of these injuries. In this study, we attempted to establish a reproducible novel multiple trauma model in mice that combines blunt trauma, major injuries and simple practicability. Methods Ninety-six male C57BL/6 N mice (n = 8/group) were subjected to trauma for isolated femur fracture and a combination of femur fracture and chest injury. Serum samples of mice were obtained by heart puncture at defined time points of 0 h (hour), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d (days), and 7 d. Results A tendency toward reduced weight and temperature was observed at 24 h after chest trauma and femur fracture. Blood analyses revealed a decrease in hemoglobin during the first 24 h after trauma. Some animals were killed by heart puncture immediately after chest contusion; these animals showed the most severe lung contusion and hemorrhage. The extent of structural lung injury varied in different mice but was evident in all animals. Representative H&E-stained (Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained) paraffin lung sections of mice with multiple trauma revealed hemorrhage and an inflammatory immune response. Plasma samples of mice with chest trauma and femur fracture showed an up-regulation of IL-1β (Interleukin-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor- α) compared with the control group. Mice with femur fracture and chest trauma showed a significant up-regulation of IL-6 compared to group with isolated femur fracture. Conclusions The multiple trauma mouse model comprising chest trauma and femur fracture enables many analogies to clinical cases of multiple trauma in humans and demonstrates associated characteristic clinical and pathophysiological changes. This model is easy to perform, is economical and can be used for further research examining specific immunological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fitschen-Oestern
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klueter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Weuster
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Varoga
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hagen Andruszkow
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Steubesand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Rho-inhibiting C2IN-C3 fusion toxin inhibits chemotactic recruitment of human monocytes ex vivo and in mice in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:323-336. [PMID: 28924833 PMCID: PMC5773661 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial protein toxins became valuable molecular tools for the targeted modulation of cell functions in experimental pharmacology and attractive therapeutics because of their potent and specific mode of action in human cells. C2IN-C3lim, a recombinant fusion toxin (~50 kDa) of the Rho-inhibiting C3lim from Clostridium (C.) limosum and a non-toxic portion of the C. botulinum C2 toxin (C2IN), is selectively internalized into the cytosol of monocytic cells where C3lim specifically ADP-ribosylates Rho A and -B, thereby inhibiting Rho-mediated signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that these unique features make C2IN-C3lim an attractive molecule for the targeted pharmacological down-regulation of Rho-mediated functions in monocytes. The analysis of the actin structure and the Rho ADP-ribosylation status implied that C2IN-C3lim entered the cytosol of primary human monocytes from healthy donors ex vivo within 1 h. Moreover, it inhibited the fMLP-induced chemotaxis of human monocytes in a Boyden chamber model ex vivo. Similarly, in a 3-dimensional ex vivo model of extravasation, single cell analysis revealed that C2IN-C3lim-treated cells were not able to move. In a clinically relevant mouse model of blunt chest trauma, the local application of C2IN-C3lim into the lungs after thorax trauma prevented the trauma-induced recruitment of monocytes into the lungs in vivo. Thus, C2IN-C3lim might be an attractive lead compound for novel pharmacological strategies to avoid the cellular damage response caused by monocytes in damaged tissue after trauma and during systemic inflammation. The results suggest that the pathophysiological role of clostridial C3 toxins might be a down-modulation of the innate immune system.
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Hypercapnic Conditions After Experimental Blunt Chest Trauma Increase Efferocytosis of Alveolar Macrophages and Reduce Local Inflammation. Shock 2017; 48:104-111. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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CD43Lo classical monocytes participate in the cellular immune response to isolated primary blast lung injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 81:500-11. [PMID: 27306447 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the cellular immune response to primary blast lung injury (PBLI) is limited, with only the neutrophil response well documented. Moreover, its impact on the immune response in distal organs remains poorly understood. In this study, a rodent model of isolated primary blast injury was used to investigate the acute cellular immune response to isolated PBLI in the circulation and lung, including the monocyte response, and investigate distal subacute immune effects in the spleen and liver 6 hours after injury. METHODS Rats were subjected to a shock wave (~135 kPa overpressure, 2 ms duration) inducing PBLI or sham procedure. Rat physiology was monitored, and at 1, 3, and 6 hours thereafter, blood, lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histologic examination. In addition, at 6 hours, spleen and liver were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Lung histology confirmed pulmonary barotrauma and inflammation. This was associated with rises in CXCL-1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α and albumin protein in the BALF. Significant acute increases in blood and lung neutrophils and CD43Lo/His48Hi (classical) monocytes/macrophages were detected. No significant changes were seen in blood or lung "nonclassical" monocyte and in natural killler, B, or T cells. In the BALF, significant increases were seen in neutrophils, CD43Lo monocyte-macrophages and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Significant increases in CD43Lo and Hi monocyte-macrophages were detected in the spleen at 6 hours. CONCLUSION This study reveals a robust and selective response of CD43Lo/His48Hi (classical) monocytes, in addition to neutrophils, in blood and lung tissue following PBLI. An increase in monocyte-macrophages was also observed in the spleen at 6 hours. This profile of immune cells in the blood and BALF could present a new research tool for translational studies seeking to monitor, assess, or attenuate the immune response in blast-injured patients.
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Physiological and immune-biological characterization of a long-term murine model of blunt chest trauma. Shock 2015; 43:140-7. [PMID: 25526372 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blunt chest trauma causes pulmonary and systemic inflammation. It is still a matter of debate whether the long-term course of this inflammatory response is associated with persistent impairment of lung function. We hypothesized that an increase of inflammatory biomarkers may still be present at later time points after blunt chest trauma, eventually, despite normalized lung mechanics and gas exchange. Anesthetized spontaneously breathing male C57BL/6J mice underwent a blast wave-induced blunt chest trauma or sham procedure. Twelve and 24 h later, blood gases and lung mechanics were measured, together with blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and tissue cytokine concentrations (multiplex cytokine kit); heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), activated caspase-3, Bcl-xL, and Bax expression (Western blotting); nuclear factor-κB activation (electrophoretic mobility shift assay); nitrotyrosine formation; and purinergic (P2XR4 and P2XR7) receptor expression (immunohistochemistry). Histological damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. High-resolution respirometry allowed assessing mitochondrial respiration in diaphragm biopsies. Chest trauma significantly increased tissue and BAL cytokine levels, associated with a significant increase in HO-1, purinergic receptor expression, and tissue nitrotyrosine formation. In contrast, lung mechanics, gas exchange, and histological damage did not show any significant difference between sham and trauma groups. Activation of the immune response remains present at later time points after murine blunt chest trauma. Discordance of the increased local inflammatory response and preserved pulmonary function may be explained by a dissociation of the immune response and lung function, such as previously suggested after experimental sepsis.
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Xu YY, Zhang YY, Ou YY, Lu XX, Pan LY, Li H, Lu Y, Chen DF. Houttuyniacordata Thunb. polysaccharides ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:81-90. [PMID: 26190353 PMCID: PMC7127486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Houttuynia cordata (HC) has been used as a folk therapy to treat pulmonary infections. This study aimed to determine the role and mechanism of action of polysaccharides isolated from HC (HCP) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in the mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPS was delivered by the intratracheal route to Balb/c mice 2h before HCP (40, 80 and 160mg/kg) administration. RESULTS The number of total cells, protein and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the wet/dry weight ratio (w/d) of lungs and pulmonary pathology of each mouse were analyzed, it was found that HCP significantly alleviated ALI induced by LPS. Moreover, in lungs of mice, it was found that the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and complement deposition were significantly decreased by HCP treatment. In vitro assays showed that C5a, a complement activation product, induced significant macrophage migration and treatment with HCP prevented it. The in vitro results also proved that LPS increased nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β) production, and HCP antagonized these effects of LPS. It was also found that HCP alone augmented secretion of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION These results indicate that HCP may alleviate LPS induced lung inflammatory injury, which may be associated with its inhibitory effect on the over activation of complement and macrophages. This suggests a potential role to treat ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying-Ye Ou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yu Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can result from both direct and indirect pulmonary damage caused by trauma and shock. In the course of ALI/ARDS, mediators released from resident cells, such as alveolar macrophages, may act as chemoattractants for invading cells and stimulate local cells to build up a proinflammatory micromilieu. Depending on the trauma setting, the role of alveolar macrophages is differentially defined. This review focuses on alveolar macrophage function after blunt chest trauma, ischemia/reperfusion, hemorrhagic shock, and thermal burns.
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Role of alveolar macrophages in the regulation of local and systemic inflammation after lung contusion. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76:386-93. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3182aaa499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Messer MP, Kellermann P, Weber SJ, Hohmann C, Denk S, Klohs B, Schultze A, Braumüller S, Huber-Lang MS, Perl M. Silencing of fas, fas-associated via death domain, or caspase 3 differentially affects lung inflammation, apoptosis, and development of trauma-induced septic acute lung injury. Shock 2013; 39:19-27. [PMID: 23247118 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318277d856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Fas signaling is a potentially important pathophysiological mechanism in the development of septic acute lung injury (ALI). However, so far the optimal targets within this signaling cascade remain elusive. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that in vivo gene silencing of Fas, Fas-associated via death domain (FADD), or caspase 3 by intratracheal administration of small interfering RNA would ameliorate ALI in a clinically relevant double-hit mouse model of trauma induced septic lung injury. Male C57Bl/6 mice received small interfering (Fas, FADD, caspase 3) or control RNA 24 h before and 12 h after blunt chest trauma or sham procedures. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture 24 h after chest trauma. Twelve or 24 h later, lung tissue, plasma, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were harvested. During ALI, lung apoptosis (active caspase 3 Western blotting, TUNEL staining) was substantially increased when compared with sham. Silencing of caspase 3 or FADD both markedly reduced pulmonary apoptosis. Fas- and FADD-small interfering RNA administration substantially decreased lung cytokine concentration, whereas caspase 3 silencing did not reduce lung inflammation. In addition, Fas silencing markedly decreased lung neutrophil infiltration. Interestingly, only in response to caspase 3 silencing, ALI-induced lung epithelial barrier dysfunction was substantially improved, and histological appearance was beneficially affected. Taken together, downstream inhibition of lung apoptosis via caspase 3 silencing proved to be superior in mitigating ALI when compared with upstream inhibition of apoptosis via Fas or FADD silencing, even in the presence of additional anti-inflammatory effects. This indicates a major pathophysiological role of lung apoptosis and suggests the importance of other than Fas-driven apoptotic pathways in trauma-induced septic ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Philipp Messer
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Neunaber C, Oestern S, Andruszkow H, Zeckey C, Mommsen P, Kutter D, Stöfen M, Krettek C, Hildebrand F. Cytokine productive capacity of alveolar macrophages and Kupffer cells after femoral fracture and blunt chest trauma in a murine trauma model. Immunol Lett 2013; 152:159-66. [PMID: 23735227 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Specific cellular and inflammatory factors that contribute to the severity of pulmonary dysfunction after blunt chest trauma and osteosynthesis of femoral fractures are yet not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated alterations of the cytokine productive capacity of alveolar macrophages (AM) and Kupffer cells (KC) after femoral fracture stabilized with intramedullary pin with or without blunt chest trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In male C57BL/6N mice an intramedullary pin was implanted in an intact femur as the sham procedure. In trauma groups mice either received an isolated femoral fracture with subsequent fracture stabilization with an intramedullary pin (group Fx) or a combined trauma of blunt chest trauma and femur fracture also stabilized by an intramedullary pin (group TTFx). Animals were sacrificed 0h, 6h, 12h, 24h and 3d after trauma induction. Cytokine concentrations were measured in plasma and supernatant of cultivated AM and KC by FACS analysis. Pulmonary and hepatic infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was determined by Ly6G-staining. RESULTS At 6h, isolated femoral fracture with intramedullary stabilization resulted in a significantly increased productive capacity of KC (IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL7) compared to sham animals. Combined trauma additionally resulted in an increased productive capacity of AM (IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 and CCL7) at 6h and the effect was prolonged up to 3d compared to controls. Combined trauma also led to a significant higher amount of plasma CCL2 at 3d and plasma CCL7 at 6h after the insult compared to group Fx. Compared to shams, pulmonary and hepatic infiltrations of PMNs were increased in group Fx and TTFx after 6h, but in the combined trauma model the effect was prolonged up to 3d. CONCLUSION An intramedullary stabilized femur fracture alone results in a significant activation of the immune response. The combination of femoral fracture and blunt chest trauma however, results in an increased and prolonged activation of the inflammatory response. Transferred to the clinical setting, these results emphasize the critical role of severe chest trauma for treatment strategies of femoral fractures in multiple trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Neunaber
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Wu X, Song X, Li N, Zhan L, Meng Q, Xia Z. Protective effects of dexmedetomidine on blunt chest trauma–induced pulmonary contusion in rats. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 74:524-30. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31827d5de3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
More than 50% of severely injured patients have chest trauma. Second insults frequently result in acute lung injury (ALI), with sepsis being the main underlying condition. We aimed to develop a standardized, reproducible, and clinically relevant double-hit mouse model of ALI induced by chest trauma and polymicrobial sepsis and to investigate the pathophysiologic role of activated neutrophils. Lung contusion was applied to C57Bl/6 mice via a focused blast wave. Twenty-four hours later, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. For polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) depletion, animals received intravenous injections of PMN-depleting antibody. In response to blunt chest trauma followed by sepsis as well as after sepsis alone, a significant local and systemic inflammatory response with increased cytokine/chemokine levels in lung and plasma was observed. In contrast, lung apoptosis was markedly elevated only after a double hit. Intra-alveolar neutrophils and total bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentrations were markedly increased following isolated chest trauma or the combined insult, but not after sepsis alone. Lung myeloperoxidase activity was enhanced only in response to the double hit accompanied by histological disruption of the alveolar architecture, lung congestion, and marked cellular infiltrates. Neutrophil depletion significantly diminished lung interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 concentrations and reduced the degree of septic ALI. Here we have established a novel and highly reproducible mouse model of chest trauma-induced septic ALI characterizing a clinical relevant double-hit scenario. In particular, the depletion of neutrophils substantially mitigated the extent of lung injury, indicating a pathomechanistic role for neutrophils in chest trauma-induced septic ALI.
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Inhaled Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Suspended Animation, But Does Not Alter the Inflammatory Response After Blunt Chest Trauma. Shock 2012; 37:197-204. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31823f19a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Divergent Effects of Activated Neutrophils on Inflammation, Kupffer Cell/Splenocyte Activation, and Lung Injury Following Blunt Chest Trauma. Shock 2012; 37:210-8. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31823f1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu XJ, Xia ZY, Wang LL, Luo T, Zhan LY, Meng QT, Song XM. Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on pulmonary contusion from blunt chest trauma in rats. Injury 2012; 43:232-6. [PMID: 22055139 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is widely recognised as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in the triggering of innate immunity. Lung inflammation and systemic innate immune responses are dependent on TLR4 activation undergoing pulmonary contusion. Therefore, the author investigated the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on the expression of TLR4 and inflammatory responses of blunt chest trauma-induced pulmonary contusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into three groups: normal control (NC) group, pulmonary contusion (PC) group and penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment (PHC) group. Pulmonary contusion was induced in anesthetised rats at fixed chest impact energy of 2.45J. Lung injury was assessed by the histopathology changes, arterial blood gas and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of lung. The serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The expression of TLR4 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Blunt chest trauma produced leucocytosis in the interstitial capillaries, hypoxemia, and increased MPO activity. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and TLR4 in the lung were significantly enhanced during pulmonary contusion. PHC treatments effectively attenuated pulmonary inflammation responses, as shown by improved pulmonary oxygenation, histopathology damage, decreased the MPO activity, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and TLR4 after lung injury. CONCLUSION It might be concluded that PHC exhibit anti-inflammatory and protective effects in traumatic lung injury via the inhibition of the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Wuchang, 238 of the Liberation Road, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Suresh MV, Yu B, Machado-Aranda D, Bender MD, Ochoa-Frongia L, Helinski JD, Davidson BA, Knight PR, Hogaboam CM, Moore BB, Raghavendran K. Role of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in acute inflammation after lung contusion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:797-806. [PMID: 22281985 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0358oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung contusion (LC), commonly observed in patients with thoracic trauma is a leading risk factor for development of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Previously, we have shown that CC chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, a monotactic chemokine abundant in the lungs, is significantly elevated in LC. This study investigated the nature of protection afforded by CCL-2 in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome during LC, using rats and CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 2 knockout (CCR2(-/-)) mice. Rats injected with a polyclonal antibody to CCL-2 showed higher levels of albumin and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage and myeloperoxidase in the lung tissue after LC. Closed-chest bilateral LC demonstrated CCL-2 localization in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial cells. Subsequent experiments performed using a murine model of LC showed that the extent of injury, assessed by pulmonary compliance and albumin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage, was higher in the CCR2(-/-) mice when compared with the wild-type (WT) mice. We also found increased release of IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1, and keratinocyte chemoattractant, lower recruitment of AMs, and higher neutrophil infiltration and phagocytic activity in CCR2(-/-) mice at 24 hours. However, impaired phagocytic activity was observed at 48 hours compared with the WT. Production of CCL-2 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-5 was increased in the absence of CCR2, thus suggesting a negative feedback mechanism of regulation. Isolated AMs in the CCR2(-/-) mice showed a predominant M1 phenotype compared with the predominant M2 phenotype in WT mice. Taken together, the above results show that CCL-2 is functionally important in the down-modulation of injury and inflammation in LC.
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Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis Is Enhanced After Blunt Chest Trauma and Alters the Posttraumatic Mediator Release. Shock 2011; 36:621-7. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318234f8a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Neher MD, Weckbach S, Flierl MA, Huber-Lang MS, Stahel PF. Molecular mechanisms of inflammation and tissue injury after major trauma--is complement the "bad guy"? J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:90. [PMID: 22129197 PMCID: PMC3247859 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma represents the leading cause of death among young people in industrialized countries. Recent clinical and experimental studies have brought increasing evidence for activation of the innate immune system in contributing to the pathogenesis of trauma-induced sequelae and adverse outcome. As the "first line of defense", the complement system represents a potent effector arm of innate immunity, and has been implicated in mediating the early posttraumatic inflammatory response. Despite its generic beneficial functions, including pathogen elimination and immediate response to danger signals, complement activation may exert detrimental effects after trauma, in terms of mounting an "innocent bystander" attack on host tissue. Posttraumatic ischemia/reperfusion injuries represent the classic entity of complement-mediated tissue damage, adding to the "antigenic load" by exacerbation of local and systemic inflammation and release of toxic mediators. These pathophysiological sequelae have been shown to sustain the systemic inflammatory response syndrome after major trauma, and can ultimately contribute to remote organ injury and death. Numerous experimental models have been designed in recent years with the aim of mimicking the inflammatory reaction after trauma and to allow the testing of new pharmacological approaches, including the emergent concept of site-targeted complement inhibition. The present review provides an overview on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of complement activation after major trauma, with an emphasis of emerging therapeutic concepts which may provide the rationale for a "bench-to-bedside" approach in the design of future pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam D Neher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Breunig A, Gambazzi F, Beck-Schimmer B, Tamm M, Lardinois D, Oertli D, Zingg U. Cytokine & chemokine response in the lungs, pleural fluid and serum in thoracic surgery using one-lung ventilation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2011; 8:32. [PMID: 22078633 PMCID: PMC3253056 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-8-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Thoracic surgery mandates usually a one-lung ventilation (OLV) strategy with the collapse of the operated lung and ventilation of the non-operated lung. These procedures trigger a substantial inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytokine and chemokine reaction in both lungs, pleural space and blood in patients undergoing lung resection with OLV with special interest in the chemokine growth-regulated peptide alpha (GROα) which is the human equivalent to the rat cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1). Methods Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of both the collapsed, operated and the ventilated, non-operated lung, respectively, pleural space drainage fluid and blood was collected and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1RA and GROα were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 15 patients. Results Substantial inter-individual differences in the BAL fluid between patients in cytokine and chemokine levels occurred. In the pleural fluid and the blood these inter-individual differences were less pronounced. Both sides of the lung were affected and showed a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-1RA concentrations over time but not in GROα concentrations. Except for IL-6, which increased more in the collapsed, operated lung, no difference between the collapsed, operated and the ventilated, non-operated lung occurred. In the blood, IL-6 and IL-1RA increased early, already at the end of surgery. GROα was not detectable. In the pleural fluid, both cytokine and chemokine concentrations increased by day one. The increase was significantly higher in the pleural fluid compared to the blood. Conclusion The inflammatory response of cytokines affects both the collapsed, operated and the ventilated, non-operated lungs. The difference in extent of response underlines the complexity of the inflammatory processes during OLV. In contrast to the cytokines, the chemokine GROα concentrations did not react in the BAL fluid or in the blood. This indicates that GROα might not be useful as marker for the inflammatory reaction in complex surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Breunig
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
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Altered Expression OF Fas Receptor on Alveolar Macrophages and Inflammatory Effects of Soluble Fas Ligand Following Blunt Chest Trauma. Shock 2011; 35:610-7. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318213665d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Recknagel S, Bindl R, Kurz J, Wehner T, Ehrnthaller C, Knöferl MW, Gebhard F, Huber-Lang M, Claes L, Ignatius A. Experimental blunt chest trauma impairs fracture healing in rats. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:734-9. [PMID: 21437953 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In poly-traumatic patients a blunt chest trauma is an important trigger of the posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response. There is clinical evidence that fracture healing is delayed in such patients, however, experimental data are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a thoracic trauma on fracture healing in a rat model. Male Wistar rats received either a blunt chest trauma combined with a femur osteotomy or an isolated osteotomy. A more rigid or a more flexible external fixator was used for fracture stabilization to analyze whether the thoracic trauma influences regular healing and mechanically induced delayed bone healing differently. The blunt chest trauma induced a significant increase of IL-6 serum levels after 6 and 24 h, suggesting the induction of a systemic inflammation, whereas the isolated fracture had no effect. Under a more rigid fixation the thoracic trauma considerably impaired fracture healing after 35 days, reflected by a significantly reduced flexural rigidity (three-point-bending test), as well as a significantly diminished callus volume, moment of inertia, and relative bone surface (µCT analysis). In confirming the clinical evidence, this study reports for the first time that a blunt chest trauma considerably impaired bone healing, possibly via the interaction of the induced systemic inflammation with local inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Recknagel
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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