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Kim MS, Kim SH, Yang SH, Kim MS. Restricting extracellular Ca2+ on gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells reverses altered epidermal growth factor-mediated Ca2+ response, which consequently enhances gefitinib sensitivity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238155. [PMID: 32841278 PMCID: PMC7447054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, has a low 5-year survival rate owing to the inevitable acquired resistance toward antitumor drugs, platinum-based chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling activates downstream events leading to phospholipase C/inositol trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+ release from IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores to modulate cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. However, the role of EGFR-mediated Ca2+ signaling in acquired drug resistance is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed alterations of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) responses between gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC PC-9 cells and gefitinib-resistant NSCLC PC-9/GR cells, and we found that acute EGF treatment elicited intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillations in PC-9 cells but not in PC-9/GR cells. PC-9/GR cells presented a more sustained basal [Ca2+]i level, lower endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ level, and higher spontaneous extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e) influx than PC-9 cells. Notably, restricting [Ca2+]e in both cell types induced identical [Ca2+]i oscillations, dependent on phospholipase C and EGFR activation. Consequently, restricting [Ca2+]e in PC-9/GR cells upregulated gefitinib-mediated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. In addition, nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT1) induction in response to EGF was inhibited by gefitinib in PC-9 cells, whereas EGF-mediated NFAT1 induction in PC-9/GR cells was sustained regardless of gefitinib treatment. Restricting [Ca2+]e in PC-9/GR cells significantly reduced EGF-mediated NFAT1 induction. These findings indicate that spontaneous [Ca2+]e influx in NSCLC cells plays a pivotal role in developing acquired drug resistance and suggest that restricting [Ca2+]e may be a potential strategy for modulating drug-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seong Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hui Kim
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hoon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sherwood JL, Brown H, Rettino A, Schreieck A, Clark G, Claes B, Agrawal B, Chaston R, Kong BSG, Choppa P, Nygren AOH, Deras IL, Kohlmann A. Key differences between 13 KRAS mutation detection technologies and their relevance for clinical practice. ESMO Open 2017; 2:e000235. [PMID: 29018576 PMCID: PMC5623342 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study assessed KRAS mutation detection and functional characteristics across 13 distinct technologies and assays available in clinical practice, in a blinded manner. Methods Five distinct KRAS-mutant cell lines were used to study five clinically relevant KRAS mutations: p.G12C, p.G12D, p.G12V, p.G13D and p.Q61H. 50 cell line admixtures with low (50 and 100) mutant KRAS allele copies at 20%, 10%, 5%, 1% and 0.5% frequency were processed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) (n=3), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) (n=2), next-generation sequencing (NGS) (n=6), digital PCR (n=1) and Sanger capillary sequencing (n=1) assays. Important performance differences were revealed, particularly assay sensitivity and turnaround time. Results Overall 406/728 data points across all 13 technologies were identified correctly. Successful genotyping of admixtures ranged from 0% (Sanger sequencing) to 100% (NGS). 5/6 NGS platforms reported similar allelic frequency for each sample. One NGS assay detected mutations down to a frequency of 0.5% and correctly identified all 56 samples (Oncomine Focus Assay, Thermo Fisher Scientific). One qPCR (Idylla, Biocartis) and MALDI-TOF (UltraSEEK, Agena Bioscience) assay identified 96% (all 100 copies and 23/25 at 50 copies input) and 92% (23/25 at 100 copies and 23/25 at 50 copies input) of samples, respectively. The digital PCR assay (KRAS PrimePCR ddPCR, Bio-Rad Laboratories) identified 60% (100 copies) and 52% (50 copies) of samples correctly. Turnaround time from sample to results ranged from ~2 hours (Idylla CE-IVD) to 2 days (TruSight Tumor 15 and Sentosa CE-IVD), to 2 weeks for certain NGS assays; the level of required expertise ranged from minimal (Idylla CE-IVD) to high for some technologies. Discussion This comprehensive parallel assessment used high molecular weight cell line DNA as a model system to address key questions for a laboratory when implementing routine KRAS testing. As most of the technologies are available for additional molecular biomarkers, this study may be informative for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Sherwood
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Brown
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessandro Rettino
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Graeme Clark
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin S G Kong
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Clinical Sequencing Division, West Sacramento, California, UK
| | - Paul Choppa
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Clinical Sequencing Division, West Sacramento, California, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander Kohlmann
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Qin X, Lu J, Wang P, Xu P, Liu M, Wang X. Cytochrome P450 3A selectively affects the pharmacokinetic interaction between erlotinib and docetaxel in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:129-139. [PMID: 28716728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib as a first-line drug is used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with sensitive EGFR mutations, while resistance to this drug will occur after several years of treatment. Therefore, the microtubule disturber docetaxel is introduced as combined regimen in clinical trials. This report investigated the potentials and mechanisms of drug-drug interaction (DDI) between erlotinib and docetaxel using wild type (WT) and Cyp3a1/2 knockout (KO) rats. The erlotinib O-demethylation and docetaxel hydroxylation reactions in the absence or the presence of another drug were analyzed in vitro via the assay of rat liver microsomes. In whole animal studies, erlotinib and docetaxel were given to WT and KO rats individually or jointly, and the pharmacokinetic profiles of these two drugs were analyzed and compared among different groups. The results showed that docetaxel not only inhibited the CYP3A-mediated biotransformation of erlotinib in vitro, but also significantly increased the maximum concentration and systemic exposure of erlotinib in vivo in WT rats. In contrast, the DDI was significantly attenuated in KO rats. On the other hand, erlotinib did not influence docetaxel either in vitro biotransformation or in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors. These results exhibited the potentials of erlotinib-docetaxel interaction and indicated that the CYP3A played the perpetrating role of docetaxel on erlotinib in rats. A better understanding of this DDI with CYP3A may help the regulation of the use of these two drugs, avoid potential problems, and adjust dose carefully and early in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Ye S, Li J, Hao K, Yan J, Zhou H. The Efficacy and Risk Profile of c-Met inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35770. [PMID: 27786238 PMCID: PMC5081544 DOI: 10.1038/srep35770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET inhibitors are considered as a kind of novel drugs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, the results of different clinical studies involving c-MET inhibitors were not consistent. In this report, we performed Meta-analysis to investigate the beneficial and harmful effects of these drugs from 9 studies including 1611 patients in target drug groups and 1605 patients in control groups. As a result, patients in target drugs group had longer progression free survival (PFS) (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.99, p = 0.04) but not overall survival (OS) than those in control group, especially in Asian (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.42-0.76, p < 0.001), Non-squamous (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.97, p = 0.03), Phase III (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.86, p = 0.002), previous treated (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.95, p = 0.01) and small molecular compounds subgroups (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.78, p < 0.001). In addition, target drugs did not affect the objective response rate (ORR) but improved disease control rate (DCR) (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46, p = 0.03) of NSCLC patients. Our study first indicated that targeting c-MET therapies improved PFS and DCR in advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients, especially in previous treated Asian patients with adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiuke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with lung cancer often develop endobronchial disease, endobronchial tumor extension or airway compression. Various nonmalignant diseases can also lead to severe central airway obstruction.Since the early 1980s, technical advances of interventional bronchoscopic techniques have improved symptom-free survival and quality of life for patients with lung cancer. Apart from other techniques, various airway stents have been developed. Although interventional procedures are not definitive therapies, they often relieve the strangling sensation produced by airway occlusion. There have been various new developments and the authors review the available current literature on endobronchial stents RECENT FINDINGS For patients with respiratory symptoms because of malignant airway obstruction, stent placement provides symptom palliation and improved quality of life. SUMMARY Various options for central airway obstruction are in development and will change our daily work. In particular, coated stents have a large potential in minimizing stent complications.
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Ma YM, Peng YM, Zhu QH, Gao AH, Chao B, He QJ, Li J, Hu YH, Zhou YB. Novel CHOP activator LGH00168 induces necroptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells via ROS-mediated ER stress and NF-κB inhibition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1381-1390. [PMID: 27264312 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is a transcription factor that is activated at multiple levels during ER stress and plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. In this study we identified a novel CHOP activator, and further investigated its potential to be a therapeutic agent for human lung cancer. METHODS HEK293-CHOP-luc reporter cells were used in high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify CHOP activators. The cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro was measured with MTT assay. The anticancer effects were further examined in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mice. The mechanisms underlying CHOP activation were analyzed using luciferase assays, and the anticancer mechanisms were elucidated in A549 cells. RESULTS From chemical libraries of 50 000 compounds, LGH00168 was identified as a CHOP activator, which showed cytotoxic activities against a panel of 9 cancer cell lines with an average IC50 value of 3.26 μmol/L. Moreover, administration of LGH00168 significantly suppressed tumor growth in A549 xenograft bearing mice. LGH00168 activated CHOP promoter via AARE1 and AP1 elements, increased DR5 expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. Treatment of A549 cells with LGH00168 (10 μmol/L) did not induce apoptosis, but lead to RIP1-dependent necroptosis, accompanied by cell swelling, plasma membrane rupture, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, MMP collapse and caspase 8 inhibition. Furthermore, LGH00168 (10 and 20 μmol/L) dose-dependently induced mito-ROS production in A549 cells, which was reversed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 10 mmol/L). Moreover, NAC significantly diminished LGH00168-induced CHOP activation, NF-κB inhibition and necroptosis in A549 cells. CONCLUSION LGH00168 is a CHOP activator that inhibits A549 cell growth in vitro and lung tumor growth in vivo.
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Sherwood JL, Corcoran C, Brown H, Sharpe AD, Musilova M, Kohlmann A. Optimised Pre-Analytical Methods Improve KRAS Mutation Detection in Circulating Tumour DNA (ctDNA) from Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150197. [PMID: 26918901 PMCID: PMC4769175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-invasive mutation testing using circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is an attractive premise. This could enable patients without available tumour sample to access more treatment options. Materials & Methods Peripheral blood and matched tumours were analysed from 45 NSCLC patients. We investigated the impact of pre-analytical variables on DNA yield and/or KRAS mutation detection: sample collection tube type, incubation time, centrifugation steps, plasma input volume and DNA extraction kits. Results 2 hr incubation time and double plasma centrifugation (2000 x g) reduced overall DNA yield resulting in lowered levels of contaminating genomic DNA (gDNA). Reduced “contamination” and increased KRAS mutation detection was observed using cell-free DNA Blood Collection Tubes (cfDNA BCT) (Streck), after 72 hrs following blood draw compared to EDTA tubes. Plasma input volume and use of different DNA extraction kits impacted DNA yield. Conclusion This study demonstrated that successful ctDNA recovery for mutation detection in NSCLC is dependent on pre-analytical steps. Development of standardised methods for the detection of KRAS mutations from ctDNA specimens is recommended to minimise the impact of pre-analytical steps on mutation detection rates. Where rapid sample processing is not possible the use of cfDNA BCT tubes would be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Sherwood
- Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire Corcoran
- Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D. Sharpe
- Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Musilova
- Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kohlmann
- Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
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Combined inhibition of DDR1 and Notch signaling is a therapeutic strategy for KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med 2016; 22:270-7. [PMID: 26855149 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma are currently treated with standard chemotherapy because of a lack of efficacious targeted therapies. We reasoned that the identification of mediators of Kras signaling in early mouse lung hyperplasias might bypass the difficulties that are imposed by intratumor heterogeneity in advanced tumors, and that it might unveil relevant therapeutic targets. Transcriptional profiling of Kras(G12V)-driven mouse hyperplasias revealed intertumor diversity with a subset that exhibited an aggressive transcriptional profile analogous to that of advanced human adenocarcinomas. The top-scoring gene in this profile encodes the tyrosine kinase receptor DDR1. The genetic and pharmacological inhibition of DDR1 blocked tumor initiation and tumor progression, respectively. The concomitant inhibition of both DDR1 and Notch signaling induced the regression of KRAS;TP53-mutant patient-derived lung xenografts (PDX) with a therapeutic efficacy that was at least comparable to that of standard chemotherapy. Our data indicate that the combined inhibition of DDR1 and Notch signaling could be an effective targeted therapy for patients with KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma.
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Bible KC, Cote GJ, Demeure MJ, Elisei R, Jhiang S, Ringel MD. Correlative Studies in Clinical Trials: A Position Statement From the International Thyroid Oncology Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4387-95. [PMID: 26418285 PMCID: PMC5399506 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with progressive thyroid cancer in distant metastatic sites represent a population with a need for new therapeutic options. Aspiring to improve the treatment of such patients, the objective of this position statement from the International Thyroid Oncology Group (ITOG) is to clarify the importance of incorporating high-quality correlative studies into clinical trials. PARTICIPANTS ITOG was formed to develop and support high-quality multicenter and multidisciplinary clinical trials for patients with aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. The Correlative Sciences Committee of the ITOG focuses on the quality and types of correlative studies included in ITOG-associated clinical trials. EVIDENCE This document represents expert consensus from ITOG regarding this issue based on extensive collective experience in clinical and translational trials informed by basic science. CONSENSUS PROCESS The Correlative Studies Committee identified an international writing group representative of diverse specialties, including basic sciences. Drafts were reviewed by all members of the writing group, the larger committee, and the ITOG board. After consideration of all comments by the writing group and modification of the document, the final document was then approved by the authors and the ITOG board. CONCLUSIONS High-quality correlative studies, which include variety in the types of correlates, should be intrinsic to the design of thyroid cancer clinical trials to offer the best opportunity for each study to advance treatment for patients with advanced and progressive thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Bible
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Gilbert J Cote
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Michael J Demeure
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Sissy Jhiang
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Mayo Clinic (K.C.B.), Rochester, Minnesota, Minnesota 55905; MD Anderson Cancer Center (G.J.C.), Houston, Texas 77030; Translational Genomics Research Institute (M.J.D.), Phoenix, Arizona 85004; University of Pisa (R.E.), 56126 Pisa, Italy; and The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.J., M.D.R.), Columbus Ohio 43210
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Cecchini MJ, Ishak CA, Passos DT, Warner A, Palma DA, Howlett CJ, Driman DK, Dick FA. Loss of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor correlates with improved outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1922-34. [PMID: 26475095 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor pathway is frequently inactivated in human cancer, enabling unrestrained proliferation. Most cancers, however, maintain expression of a wild-type (WT) retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB). It is generally in a hyperphosphorylated state (ppRB) because of mutations in upstream regulators such as p16 and cyclin D. Hyperphosphorylated ppRB is considered inactive, although data are emerging that suggest it can retain some function. To test the clinical relevance of pRB status, we obtained archival tissue sections from 91 cases of lung adenocarcinoma resected between 2003 and 2008. All cases received platinum doublet chemotherapy, and the median survival was 5.9 years. All cases were assessed for pRB and ppRB using immunohistochemistry and quantified based on intensity of signal and proportion of positive cells. pRB expression was lost in 15% of lung adenocarcinoma cases. In tumors that did not express pRB, the survival rate was significantly improved (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.69; P = .01) in comparison to tumors that express pRB. pRB status was found to be an independent predictor of overall survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.73; P = .01) along with increased stage and age. pRB status did not alter baseline levels of apoptotic or proliferative markers in these tumors, but the DNA damage response protein 53BP1 was higher in cancers with high levels of pRB. In summary, loss of pRB expression is associated with improved survival in patients treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy. This may be useful in classifying patients at greatest benefit for aggressive treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cecchini
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Charles A Ishak
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Daniel T Passos
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute London Health Sciences Centre London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Andrew Warner
- Department of Radiation Oncology London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Radiation Oncology London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | | | - David K Driman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Frederick A Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute London Health Sciences Centre London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
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Hagemann IS, O'Neill PK, Erill I, Pfeifer JD. Diagnostic yield of targeted next generation sequencing in various cancer types: an information-theoretic approach. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:441-7. [PMID: 26227479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The information-theoretic concept of Shannon entropy can be used to quantify the information provided by a diagnostic test. We hypothesized that in tumor types with stereotyped mutational profiles, the results of NGS testing would yield lower average information than in tumors with more diverse mutations. To test this hypothesis, we estimated the entropy of NGS testing in various cancer types, using results obtained from clinical sequencing. A set of 238 tumors were subjected to clinical targeted NGS across all exons of 27 genes. There were 120 actionable variants in 109 cases, occurring in the genes KRAS, EGFR, PTEN, PIK3CA, KIT, BRAF, NRAS, IDH1, and JAK2. Sequencing results for each tumor were modeled as a dichotomized genotype (actionable mutation detected or not detected) for each of the 27 genes. Based upon the entropy of these genotypes, sequencing was most informative for colorectal cancer (3.235 bits of information/case) followed by high grade glioma (2.938 bits), lung cancer (2.197 bits), pancreatic cancer (1.339 bits), and sarcoma/STTs (1.289 bits). In the most informative cancer types, the information content of NGS was similar to surgical pathology examination (modeled at approximately 2-3 bits). Entropy provides a novel measure of utility for laboratory testing in general and for NGS in particular. This metric is, however, purely analytical and does not capture the relative clinical significance of the identified variants, which may also differ across tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Hagemann
- Genomics and Pathology Services, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Patrick K O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Erill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John D Pfeifer
- Genomics and Pathology Services, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Nicoś M, Krawczyk P, Jarosz B, Sawicki M, Szumiłło J, Trojanowski T, Milanowski J. Analysis of KRAS and BRAF genes mutation in the central nervous system metastases of non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:169-76. [PMID: 25902737 PMCID: PMC4844634 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
KRAS mutations are associated with tumor resistance to EGFR TKIs (erlotinib, gefitinib) and to monoclonal antibody against EGFR (cetuximab). Targeted treatment of mutated RAS patients is still considered as a challenge. Inhibitors of c-Met (onartuzumab or tiwantinib) and MEK (selumetinib—a dual inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2) signaling pathways showed activity in patients with mutations in KRAS that can became an effective approach in carriers of such disorders. BRAF mutation is very rare in patients with NSCLC, and its presence is associated with sensitivity of tumor cells to BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib). In the present study, the frequency and type of KRAS and BRAF mutation were assessed in 145 FFPE tissue samples from CNS metastases of NSCLC. In 30 patients, material from the primary tumor was simultaneously available. Real-time PCR technique with allele-specific molecular probe (KRAS/BRAF Mutation Analysis Kit, Entrogen, USA) was used for molecular tests. KRAS mutations were detected in 21.4 % of CNS metastatic lesions and in 23.3 % of corresponding primary tumors. Five mutations were identified both in primary and in metastatic lesions, while one mutation only in primary tumor and one mutation only in the metastatic tumor. Most of mutations were observed in codon 12 of KRAS; however, an individual patient had diagnosed a rare G13D and Q61R substitutions. KRAS mutations were significantly more frequent in adenocarcinoma patients and smokers. Additional analysis indicated one patient with rare coexistence of KRAS and DDR2 mutations. BRAF mutation was not detected in the examined materials. KRAS frequency appears to be similar in primary and CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Nicoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland. .,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Jarosz
- Pathological Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawicki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Szumiłło
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trojanowski
- Pathological Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
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Nintedanib: A Review of Its Use as Second-Line Treatment in Adults with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer of Adenocarcinoma Histology. Target Oncol 2015; 10:303-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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PTPIP51 levels in glioblastoma cells depend on inhibition of the EGF-receptor. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:15-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Jung JH, Lee MY, Choi DY, Lee JW, You S, Lee KY, Kim J, Kim KP. Phospholipids of tumor extracellular vesicles stratify gefitinib-resistant nonsmall cell lung cancer cells from gefitinib-sensitive cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:824-35. [PMID: 25404199 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib are one of gold standard treatment options for nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which eventually fail due to the acquired resistance and relapse because of the development of secondary activating mutations such as T790M in EGFR. Predicting chemo-responsiveness of cancer patients provides a major challenge in chemotherapy. The goal of the present study is to determine whether phospholipid signatures of tumor extracellular vesicles (EV) are associated with gefitinib-resistance of NSCLC. A sophisticated MS-based shotgun lipidomic assays were performed for in-depth analysis of the lipidomes of gefitinib-resistant (PC9R) and responsive (PC9) NSCLC cells and their shed EV from these cell lines (PC9EV or PC9REV). Lipid MALDI-MS analysis showed that EV phospholipid composition was significantly distinct in PC9R, compared to PC9 cells. Following statistical analyses has identified 35 (20 positive and 15 negative ion mode) differentially regulated lipids, which are significantly over- or underexpressed in PC9R EV, compared to PC9 EV (p value < 0.01, fold change > 1.5). Our phospholipid signatures suggest that EV associates with drug sensitivity, which is worthy of additional investigation to assess chemoresistance in patients with NSCLC treated with anti-EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wen YS, Cai L, Zhang XW, Zhu JF, Zhang ZC, Shao JY, Zhang LJ. Concurrent oncogene mutation profile in Chinese patients with stage Ib lung adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e296. [PMID: 25546673 PMCID: PMC4602605 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular characteristics in lung cancer are associated with carcinogenesis, response to targeted therapies, and prognosis. With concurrent oncogene mutations being reported more often, the adjustment of treatment based on the driver gene mutations would improve therapy. We proposed to investigate the distribution of concurrent oncogene mutations in stage Ib lung adenocarcinoma in a Chinese population and find out the correlation between survival outcome and the most frequently mutated genes in EGFR and KRAS in Chinese population. Simultaneously, we tried to validate the Sequenom method by real time fluoresce qualification reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in oncogene detection. One hundred fifty-six patients who underwent complete surgical resection in our hospital between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively investigated. Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 238 mutation hotspots in 19 oncogenes were examined. Genetic mutations occurred in 86 of 156 patients (55.13%). EGFR was most frequently gene contained driver mutations, with a rate of 44.23%, followed by KRAS (8.33%), PIK3CA (3.84%), KIT (3.20%), BRAF (2.56%), AKT (1.28%), MET (0.64%), NRAS (0.64%), HRAS (0.64%), and ERBB2 (0.64%). No mutations were found in the RET, PDGFRA, FGFR1, FGFR3, FLT3, ABL, CDK, or JAK2 oncogenes. Thirteen patients (8.3%) were detected in multiple gene mutations. Six patients had PIK3CA mutations in addition to mutations in EGFR and KRAS. EGFR mutations can coexist with mutations in NRAS, KIT, ERBB2, and BRAF. Only one case was found to have a KRAS mutation coexisting with the EGFR T790M mutation. Otherwise, mutations in EGFR and KRAS seem to be mutually exclusive. There is no survival benefit in favor of EGFR/KRAS mutation. Several concomitant driver gene mutations were observed in our study. None of EFGR/KRAS mutation was demonstrated as a prognostic factor. Polygenic mutation testing by time-of-flight mass spectrometry was validated by RT-PCR, which can be an alternative option to test for multiple mutations and can be widely applied to clinical practice and help to guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Sheng Wen
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China (Y-SW, J-fZ, L-JZ); State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China (Y-SW, LC, J-yS, L-JZ); Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China (LC); Department of Molecular Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China (X-wZ, Z-cZ, J-yS); School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (X-wZ); and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China (J-fZ)
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17
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Reischauer C, Froehlich JM, Pless M, Binkert CA, Koh DM, Gutzeit A. Early treatment response in non-small cell lung cancer patients using diffusion-weighted imaging and functional diffusion maps--a feasibility study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108052. [PMID: 25289671 PMCID: PMC4188818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of monitoring treatment response to chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma using functional diffusion maps (fDMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the Cantonal Research Ethics Committee and informed written consent was obtained from all patients. Nine patients (mean age = 66 years; range = 53-76 years, 5 females, 4 males) with overall 13 lesions were included. Imaging was performed within two weeks before initiation of chemotherapy and at one, two, and six weeks after initiation of chemotherapy. Imaging included a respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted sequence including three b-factors (100, 600, and 800 s/mm2). Treatment response was defined by change in tumor diameter on computed tomography (CT) after two cycles of chemotherapy. Changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on a per-lesion basis and the percentages of voxel with significantly increased or decreased ADCs on fDMs were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Changes in tumor size were used as covariate to examine the ability of ADCs and fDM parameters to predict treatment response. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the percentage of voxels with increased ADCs on fDMs (p = 0.002) as well as the mean ADC increase (p = 0.011) were significantly higher in good responders with a large reduction in tumor size on CT. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the percentage of voxels with significantly increased ADCs on fDMs seems to be a promising biomarker for early prediction of treatment response in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Contrary to averaged values, this approach allows the spatial heterogeneity of treatment response to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Reischauer
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Hirslanden Hospital St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Johannes Malte Froehlich
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Hirslanden Hospital St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Miklos Pless
- Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | - Dow-Mu Koh
- Academic Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Gutzeit
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, Hirslanden Hospital St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Coughlin SS, Matthews-Juarez P, Juarez PD, Melton CE, King M. Opportunities to address lung cancer disparities among African Americans. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1467-76. [PMID: 25220156 PMCID: PMC4298372 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Race and socioeconomic status are well known to influence lung cancer incidence and mortality patterns in the U.S. Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher among blacks than whites. In this article we review opportunities to address disparities in lung cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship among African Americans. First, we summarize recent advances in the early detection and treatment of lung cancer. Then we consider black-white disparities in lung cancer treatment including factors that may contribute to such disparities; the literature on smoking cessation interventions for patients with or without a lung cancer diagnosis; and the important roles played by cultural competency, patient trust in their physician, and health literacy in addressing lung cancer disparities, including the need for culturally competent lung cancer patient navigators. Intervention efforts should focus on providing appropriate quality treatment for lung cancer and educating African Americans about the value of having these treatments in order to reduce these disparities. Culturally competent, patient navigation programs are needed that support lung cancer patients, especially socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, from the point of diagnosis to the initiation and completion of treatment, including cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Coughlin
- Research Center on Health Disparities, Equity, and the Exposome, University of Tennessee College of MedicineMemphis, Tennessee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphis, Tennessee
- Steven Coughlin, Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, c/o 62 N. Main Street, no. 510, Memphis, TN 38103. Tel: (404) 983-2524; E-mail:
| | - Patricia Matthews-Juarez
- Research Center on Health Disparities, Equity, and the Exposome, University of Tennessee College of MedicineMemphis, Tennessee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul D Juarez
- Research Center on Health Disparities, Equity, and the Exposome, University of Tennessee College of MedicineMemphis, Tennessee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphis, Tennessee
| | - Courtnee E Melton
- Research Center on Health Disparities, Equity, and the Exposome, University of Tennessee College of MedicineMemphis, Tennessee
| | - Mario King
- Research Center on Health Disparities, Equity, and the Exposome, University of Tennessee College of MedicineMemphis, Tennessee
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Elevated expression of CRYAB predicts unfavorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:142. [PMID: 25048725 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) is one of the principal members of the small heat-shock protein family, and several studies described the CRYAB expression in human cancers. However, the association between CRYAB expression and the clinical features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rarely elucidated. In this present study, one-step quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with 12 fresh-frozen NSCLC samples and Western blotting as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses in 101 NSCLC cases were conducted to investigate the relationship between CRYAB expression and the clinicopathological attributes of NSCLC. The results showed that CRYAB mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in NSCLC than in matched non-cancerous tissues (p < 0.05). The IHC data indicated that the CRYAB protein expression in NSCLC was significantly correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.043), and overall survival (p = 0.029). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multifactor analysis suggested that higher CRYAB protein level (p = 0.032) and TNM stage (p = 0.048) were statistically associated with the poor survival of patients with NSCLC. The data suggested that CRYAB may be identified as a novel prognostic marker and targeting CRYAB may provide a promising strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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20
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Tabor V, Bocci M, Alikhani N, Kuiper R, Larsson LG. MYC synergizes with activated BRAFV600E in mouse lung tumor development by suppressing senescence. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4222-9. [PMID: 24934810 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The activated RAS/RAF cascade plays a crucial role in lung cancer, but is also known to induce cellular senescence, a major barrier imposed on tumor cells early in tumorigenesis. MYC is a key factor in suppression of RAS/BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence in vitro. However, it is still unclear whether MYC has the same role during tumor development in vivo. Using a conditional, compound knock-in model of Cre-activated BRAF(V600E) and tamoxifen-regulatable MycER, we show that tamoxifen-induced activation of MYC accelerated the onset and increased the number and size of BRAF(V600E)-driven adenomas in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in reduced survival. Furthermore, MYC activation leads to reduced expression of the senescence markers p16(INK4A), p21(CIP1), and H3K9me3-containing heterochromatin foci, and an increased percentage of Ki67(+) tumor cells. This suggests that MYC already early during tumor formation suppresses a BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence-like state. Initial activation of MYC followed by tamoxifen withdrawal still resulted in an increased number of tumors and reduced survival. However, these tumors were of smaller size, showed increased expression of p16(INK4A) and p21(CIP1), and reduced number of Ki67(+) cells, indicating that MYC inactivation restores BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence. Surprisingly, MYC activation did not promote adenoma to carcinoma progression. This suggests that senescence suppression by MYC is a discrete step in tumor development important for sustained tumor growth but preceding malignant transformation and that additional oncogenic events are required for carcinoma development and metastasis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neoplastic transformation process, with implications for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Tabor
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bocci
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Laboratory Medicine in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nyosha Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raoul Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Gunnar Larsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vasohibin-1 expression detected by immunohistochemistry correlates with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:963. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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