1
|
MCM2 in human cancer: functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Mol Med 2022; 28:128. [PMID: 36303105 PMCID: PMC9615236 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA replication is the main source of genomic instability that leads to tumorigenesis and progression. MCM2, a core subunit of eukaryotic helicase, plays a vital role in DNA replication. The dysfunction of MCM2 results in the occurrence and progression of multiple cancers through impairing DNA replication and cell proliferation. Conclusions MCM2 is a vital regulator in DNA replication. The overexpression of MCM2 was detected in multiple types of cancers, and the dysfunction of MCM2 was correlated with the progression and poor prognoses of malignant tumors. According to the altered expression of MCM2 and its correlation with clinicopathological features of cancer patients, MCM2 was thought to be a sensitive biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapy response. The anti-tumor effect induced by MCM2 inhibition implies the potential of MCM2 to be a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Since DNA replication stress, which may stimulate anti-tumor immunity, frequently occurs in MCM2 deficient cells, it also proposes the possibility that MCM2 targeting improves the effect of tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu B, Xi S. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathways in the development of cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:733. [PMID: 34174849 PMCID: PMC8236200 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore and identify key genes and signaling pathways that contribute to the progression of cervical cancer to improve prognosis. Methods Three gene expression profiles (GSE63514, GSE64217 and GSE138080) were screened and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the GEO2R and Venn diagram tools. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to analyze the three gene expression profiles. Moreover, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. On this basis, hub genes from critical PPI subnetworks were explored with Cytoscape software. The expression of these genes in tumors was verified, and survival analysis of potential prognostic genes from critical subnetworks was conducted. Functional annotation, multiple gene comparison and dimensionality reduction in candidate genes indicated the clinical significance of potential targets. Results A total of 476 DEGs were screened: 253 upregulated genes and 223 downregulated genes. DEGs were enriched in 22 biological processes, 16 cellular components and 9 molecular functions in precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. DEGs were mainly enriched in 10 KEGG pathways. Through intersection analysis and data mining, 3 key KEGG pathways and related core genes were revealed by GSEA. Moreover, a PPI network of 476 DEGs was constructed, hub genes from 12 critical subnetworks were explored, and a total of 14 potential molecular targets were obtained. Conclusions These findings promote the understanding of the molecular mechanism of and clinically related molecular targets for cervical cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08412-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Wu
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Pilot Department, Building 9, 1690 Zhangheng Road Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shuyi Xi
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Pilot Department, Building 9, 1690 Zhangheng Road Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Guo J, Zhou J, Wang D, Kang X, Zhou L. NF-κB maintains the stemness of colon cancer cells by downregulating miR-195-5p/497-5p and upregulating MCM2. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:225. [PMID: 33109220 PMCID: PMC7592593 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer represents one of the leading causes of gastrointestinal tumors in industrialized countries, and its incidence appears to be increasing at an alarming rate. Accumulating evidence has unveiled the contributory roles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumorigenicity, recurrence, and metastases. The functions of NF-kappa B (NF-κB) activation on cancer cell survival, including colon cancer cells have encouraged us to study the role of NF-κB in the maintenance of CSCs in colon cancer. METHODS Tumor samples and matched normal samples were obtained from 35 colon cancer cases. CSCs were isolated from human colon cancer cell lines, where the stemness of the cells was evaluated by cell viability, colony-forming, spheroid-forming, invasion, migration, and apoptosis assays. NF-κB activation was then performed in subcutaneous tumor models of CSCs by injecting lipopolysaccharides (LPS) i.p. RESULTS We found that NF-κB activation could reduce the expression of miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p, where these two miRNAs were determined to be downregulated in colon cancer tissues, cultured colon CSCs, and LPS-injected subcutaneous tumor models. Elevation of miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p levels by their specific mimic could ablate the effects of NF-κB on the stemness of colon cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that NF-κB could maintain the stemness of colon cancer cells by downregulating miR-195-5p/497-5p. MCM2 was validated as the target gene of miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p in cultured colon CSCs. Overexpression of MCM2 was shown to restore the stemness of colon cancer cells in the presence of miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p, suggesting that miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p could impair the stemness of colon cancer cells by targeting MCM2 in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that the restoration of miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p may be a therapeutic strategy for colon cancer treatment in relation to NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longgang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jinxiang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of QingdaoUniversity Medical, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xiuwen Kang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 440, Jiyan Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Samad A, Haque F, Nain Z, Alam R, Al Noman MA, Rahman Molla MH, Hossen MS, Islam MR, Khan MI, Ahammad F. Computational assessment of MCM2 transcriptional expression and identification of the prognostic biomarker for human breast cancer. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05087. [PMID: 33024849 PMCID: PMC7530310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) is a highly conserved protein from the MCM protein family that plays an important role in eukaryotic DNA replication as well as in cell cycle progression. In addition, it maintains the ploidy level consistency in eukaryotic cells, hence, mutations or alteration of this protein could result in the disintegration of the fine-tuned molecular machinery that can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Moreover, MCM2 has been found to be an important marker for progression and prognosis in different cancers. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the MCM2 expression and the associated outcome in breast cancer (BC) patients based on the publicly available online databases. In this study, server-based gene expression analyses indicate the upregulation of MCM2 (p < 10-6; fold change>2.0) in various BC subtypes as compared to the respective normal tissues. Besides, the evaluation of histological sections from healthy and cancer tissues showed strong staining signals indicating higher expression of MCM2 protein. The overexpression of MCM2 was significantly correlated to promoter methylation and was related to patients' clinical features. Further, mutation analysis suggested missense as the predominant type of mutation (71.4%) with 18 copy-number alterations and 0.2% mutation frequency in the MCM2 gene. This study revealed a significant correlation (Cox p ≤ 0.05) between the higher MCM2 expression and lower patient survival. Finally, we identified the co-expressed genes with gene ontological features and signaling pathways associated in BC development. We believe that this study will provide a basis for MCM2 to be a significant biomarker for human BC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Samad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Haque
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Zulkar Nain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Alam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdullah Al Noman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Habibur Rahman Molla
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Saddam Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Raquibul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iqbal Khan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fadaka AO, Bakare OO, Sibuyi NRS, Klein A. Gene Expression Alterations and Molecular Analysis of CHEK1 in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030662. [PMID: 32178478 PMCID: PMC7139733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the Checkpoint kinase (CHEK1) gene, its regulation, and the possible clinical outcomes in human solid tumors have not been previously examined. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the expression of CHEK1 in solid tumors as well as the mechanism by which it can be regulated through non-coding RNAs. The expression of CHEK1 was investigated using Oncomine analysis. cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and PrognoScan were performed to identify the prognostic roles of this gene in solid tumors. The copy number alteration, mutation, interactive analysis, and visualization of the altered networks were performed by cBioPortal. The molecular binding analysis was carried out by Schrodinger suite, PATCHDOCK, and discovery studio visualizer. The study demonstrated that the CHEK1 gene was differentially expressed in four different cancers, and that reduced CHEK1 mRNA expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. The molecular docking results showed that the CHEK1 gene can be regulated by microRNAs (miR-195-5p) due to the number of stable hydrogen atoms observed within the distance of 2.0 Å and the favorable amino acids (Ala221, Ile353, Ile365, Ile756, Val797, Val70, Val154, Ile159, Val347, Tyr804, Phe811, Tyr815, and Phe156) identified in the binding pocket of the argonaute protein. Due to the possibility of CHEK1's involvement in solid tumors, it may potentially be a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Further studies into the interaction between CHEK1 and other co-expressed genes may give further insight into other modes of regulation of this gene in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Bioinformatics research group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-630511928 or +234-8039242052
| | - Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare
- Bioinformatics research group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ranking Cancer Proteins by Integrating PPI Network and Protein Expression Profiles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3907195. [PMID: 30723737 PMCID: PMC6339728 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3907195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, is contributing greatly to understanding gene function in the postgenomic era. However, disease protein ranking using shotgun proteomics data has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we prioritized disease-related proteins by integrating the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and protein differential expression profiles from colon and rectal cancer (CRC) or breast cancer (BC) proteomics. We applied Local Ranking (LR) and Global Ranking (GR) methods in network with three kinds of protein sets as a priori knowledge, which were known disease proteins (KDPs) that were collected from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and the collection of KDPs and their direct neighborhood with differential expression (eKDPs). The cross-validations showed that GR method outperformed LR method while using eKDPs as the initial training showed significantly higher accuracy compared to using the other two a priori sets. And then we validated the top ranked proteins using RNAi-based loss-of-function screens in the DepMap database. The results showed that 75% of top 20 proteins in CRC are necessary for tumor survival. In summary, the network-based Global Ranking with protein differential expression can efficiently prioritize cancer-related proteins and discover new candidate cancer genes or proteins.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang X, Xu Y, Lu L, Jiao Y, Liu J, Wang L, Zhao H. Identification of key candidate genes and small molecule drugs in cervical cancer by bioinformatics strategy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3533-3549. [PMID: 30271202 PMCID: PMC6145638 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s171661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors among women. The present study aimed at integrating two expression profile datasets to identify critical genes and potential drugs in CC. Materials and methods Expression profiles, GSE7803 and GSE9750, were integrated using bioinformatics methods, including differentially expressed genes analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Subsequently, survival analysis was performed among the key genes using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis websites. Connectivity Map (CMap) was used to query potential drugs for CC. Results A total of 145 upregulated genes and 135 downregulated genes in CC were identified. The functional changes of these differentially expressed genes related to CC were mainly associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, p53 signaling pathway, and oocyte meiosis. A PPI network was identified by STRING with 220 nodes and 2,111 edges. Thirteen key genes were identified as the intersecting genes of the enrichment pathways and the top 20 nodes in PPI network. Survival analysis revealed that high mRNA expression of MCM2, PCNA, and RFC4 was significantly associated with longer overall survival, and the survival was significantly better in the low-expression RRM2 group. Moreover, CMap predicted nine small molecules as possible adjuvant drugs to treat CC. Conclusion Our study found key dysregulated genes involved in CC and potential drugs to combat it, which might provide insights into CC pathogenesis and might shed light on potential CC treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yicong Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, China,
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, China,
| | - Yang Jiao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, China,
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, China,
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, China,
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming, China,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liao X, Han C, Wang X, Huang K, Yu T, Yang C, Huang R, Liu Z, Han Q, Peng T. Prognostic value of minichromosome maintenance mRNA expression in early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3255-3271. [PMID: 30233242 PMCID: PMC6130532 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s171293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) genes in patients with early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy by using the RNA-sequencing dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods An RNA-sequencing dataset of 112 early-stage PDAC patients who received a pancreaticoduodenectomy was obtained from TCGA. Survival analysis was used to identify potential prognostic values of MCM genes in PDAC overall survival (OS). Results Through mining public databases, we observed that MCM genes (MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6, and MCM7) were upregulated in pancreatic cancer tumor tissue and have a strong positive coexpression with each other. Multivariate survival analysis indicated that a high expression of MCM4 significantly increased the risk of death in patients with PDAC, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.655, 0.587, and 0.509 for a 1-, 2-, and 3-year PDAC OS prediction, respectively. Comprehensive survival analysis of MCM4 using stratified and joint effects survival analysis suggests that MCM4 may be an independent prognostic indicator for PDAC OS. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that MCM4 may participate in multiple biologic processes and pathways, including DNA replication, cell cycle, tumor protein p53, and Notch signaling pathways, thereby affecting prognosis of PDAC patients. Conclusions Our study indicates that MCM2–7 were upregulated in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues, and mRNA expression of MCM4 may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for PDAC OS prediction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Quanfa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liao X, Liu X, Yang C, Wang X, Yu T, Han C, Huang K, Zhu G, Su H, Qin W, Huang R, Yu L, Deng J, Zeng X, Ye X, Peng T. Distinct Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of Minichromosome Maintenance Gene Expression in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:2357-2373. [PMID: 30026832 PMCID: PMC6036720 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to identify diagnostic and prognostic values of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) gene expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The biological function of the MCM genes were investigated by bioinformatics analysis. The diagnostic and prognostic values of the MCM genes were investigated by using the data of HCC patients from the GSE14520 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Results: Bioinformatics analysis of the MCM genes substantiated that MCM2-7 genes were significantly enriched in DNA replication and cell cycle, and co-expressed with each other. These genes also co-expressed in HCC tumor tissue in both the GSE14520 and TCGA cohort. We also observed that the expression of the MCM2-7 genes was increased in tumor tissue, and diagnostic receiver operating characteristic analysis of MCM2-7 indicated that these genes could serve as sensitive diagnostic markers in HCC. Survival analysis in the GSE14520 cohort suggested that expression of MCM2, MCM4, MCM5, and MCM6 were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus-related HCC overall survival (OS). However, none of the MCM genes were associated with recurrence-free survival in the GSE14520 cohort. The validation cohort of TCGA suggested that the expression of MCM2, MCM6, and MCM7 were significantly correlated with HCC OS. Conclusion: Our study indicated that MCM2-7 genes may be potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with HCC. Among them, MCM2 and MCM6 may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jianlong Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Teng Y, Yang F, Wang M, Hong X, Ye LG, Gao YN, Chen GY. MCM2 is a therapeutic target of lovastatin in human non-small cell lung carcinomas. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2599-605. [PMID: 25738322 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. In previous studies, lovastatin, acting as an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Co A (HMG-CoA) reductase, exhibited significant antitumor activity during tumorigenesis. However, whether or not this effect is mediated through changes in minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 2 expression remains unclear. The present study investigated whether lovastatin inhibits proliferation due to MCM2 in NSCLCs. We first assessed the effects of lovastatin on cell anti-proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in NSCLC cells. We found, by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, that lovastatin treatment markedly and consistently inhibited the expression of MCM2. Then, to further explore the anticancer mechanism of lovastatin involving MCM2, we silenced MCM2 by siRNA in two cell lines (A549 and GLC-82). Silencing of MCM2 triggered G1/S arrest. Following further examination of cell cycle-related factors, MCM2 knockdown inhibited protein retinoblastoma (Rb), cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression, but increased p21 and p53 expression, suggesting that siMCM2 indeed triggered cell cycle arrest. In addition, siMCM2 induced apoptosis. Finally, lovastatin treatment increased p-JNK, which is involved in the downregulation of MCM2. In conclusion, our data suggest that MCM2 may be a novel therapeutic target of lovastatin treatment in NSCLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Teng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Guang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Na Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Gong-Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Li Y, Zhou B, Zhang WY, Guan JT, Wang R, Yang L, Xia QJ, Zhou ZG, Sun XF. Expression of the apoptosis inhibitor livin in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: correlations with pathology and outcome. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11791-8. [PMID: 25339450 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis family member livin is expressed in several types of cancer but not in most benign tissues, and it has been considered to be a poor prognostic mark in various malignancies. However, livin expression and its prognostic relevance have not been evaluated in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In this study, we analyzed the difference of livin expression among normal mucosa, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma and investigated the relationship of livin expression in carcinomas with clinicopathological variables using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-PCR. We observed that the expression of livin protein was mainly present on base of colorectal crypts in adenoma and throughout the epithelium in carcinoma, whereas did not present in accompanying normal mucosa, and the expression of livin messenger RNA (mRNA) in adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than in adenomas and in normal mucosa (P = 0.001, respectively), whereas, compared with normal mucosa, the expression level of livin mRNA was up-regulated in adenomas but no significant difference (P = 0.196). We also found that the expression levels of livin mRNA in rectal cancer was significantly higher than those in colonic cancer, and livin mRNA expression was strongly related to colorectal cancer invasive depth but not to clinical tumor stage, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor morphological category and pathological type, and patient's age and gender. These findings support the possibility that the livin gene may play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis, and increased expression of livin mRNA may serve as a new target for colorectal cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|