1
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Igal RA. Death and the desaturase: Implication of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in the mechanisms of cell stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Biochimie 2024; 225:156-167. [PMID: 38823621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Growth and proliferation of normal and cancerous cells necessitate a finely-tuned regulation of lipid metabolic pathways to ensure the timely supply of structural, energetic, and signaling lipid molecules. The synthesis and remodeling of lipids containing fatty acids with an appropriate carbon length and insaturation level are required for supporting each phase of the mechanisms of cell replication and survival. Mammalian Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCD), particularly SCD1, play a crucial role in modulating the fatty acid composition of cellular lipids, converting saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Extensive research has elucidated in great detail the participation of SCD1 in the molecular mechanisms that govern cell replication in normal and cancer cells. More recently, investigations have shed new light on the functional and regulatory role of the Δ9-desaturase in the processes of cell stress and cell death. This review will examine the latest findings on the involvement of SCD1 in the molecular pathways of cell survival, particularly on the mechanisms of ER stress and autophagy, as well in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.
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2
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Synthesis and properties of novel 4-(diarylmethyl)pyridines based on pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Cai L, Jia X, Zhao J. C7-Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 4-aminoindoles with para-quinone methide derivatives under catalyst-free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1751855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xian Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Junling Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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4
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Meng SS, Wang Q, Huang GB, Lin LR, Zhao JL, Chan ASC. B(C6F5)3 catalyzed direct nucleophilic substitution of benzylic alcohols: an effective method of constructing C–O, C–S and C–C bonds from benzylic alcohols. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30946-30949. [PMID: 35548750 PMCID: PMC9085633 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05811c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and general method of nucleophilic substitution of benzylic alcohols catalyzed by non-metallic Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 was developed. The reaction could be carried out under mild conditions and more than 35 examples of ethers, thioethers and triarylmethanes were constructed in high yields. Some bioactive organic molecules were synthesized directly using the methods. An efficient and general method of nucleophilic substitution of benzylic alcohols catalyzed by non-metallic Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Gong-Bin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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5
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Jillella R, Oh DH, Oh CH. Gold-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-alkynylanilines followed by 1,6-conjugate addition to p-quinone methides: efficient access to unsymmetrical diarylindolylmethanes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, mild, efficient and chemoselective catalytic method for the straightforward synthesis of an interesting class of 2-aryl/alkyl-substituted-3-diaryl indolyl methanes in high yield is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra Jillella
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- South Korea
| | - Dong hwan Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- South Korea
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6
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New C 2 -symmetric six-membered carbene ligands incorporating two hydroxyl groups for palladium-catalyzed deprotonative-cross-coupling processes (DCCP) of sp 3 C–H bonds in diarylmethanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Igal RA. Stearoyl CoA desaturase-1: New insights into a central regulator of cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1865-1880. [PMID: 27639967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The processes of cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation involve an intricate array of biochemical and morphological changes that require a finely tuned modulation of metabolic pathways, chiefly among them is fatty acid metabolism. The critical participation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the fatty acyl Δ9-desaturing enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), in the mechanisms of replication and survival of mammalian cells, as well as their implication in the biological alterations of cancer have been actively investigated in recent years. This review examines the growing body of evidence that argues for a role of SCD1 as a central regulator of the complex synchronization of metabolic and signaling events that control cellular metabolism, cell cycle progression, survival, differentiation and transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.
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8
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Cao X, Sha SC, Li M, Kim BS, Morgan C, Huang R, Yang X, Walsh PJ. Nickel-Catalyzed Arylation of Heteroaryl-containing Diarylmethanes: Exceptional Reactivity of the Ni(NIXANTPHOS)-based Catalyst. Chem Sci 2016; 7:611-618. [PMID: 27213035 PMCID: PMC4869726 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of heteroaryl-containing diarylmethanes with both aryl bromides and chlorides has been achieved. The success of this reaction relies on the introduction of a unique nickel/NIXANTPHOS-based catalyst system, which provides a direct route to triarylmethanes from heteroaryl-containing diarylmethanes. Reactivity studies indicate the Ni(NIXANTPHOS)-based catalyst exhibits enhanced reactivity over XANTPHOS derivatives and other Ni(phosphine)-based catalysts in the reactions examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , PR China
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th St. , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA . ; https://sites.google.com/site/titaniumupenn/ ; Fax: +1-215-573-6743
| | - Sheng-Chun Sha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th St. , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA . ; https://sites.google.com/site/titaniumupenn/ ; Fax: +1-215-573-6743
| | - Minyan Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th St. , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA . ; https://sites.google.com/site/titaniumupenn/ ; Fax: +1-215-573-6743
| | - Byeong-Seon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th St. , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA . ; https://sites.google.com/site/titaniumupenn/ ; Fax: +1-215-573-6743
| | - Catherine Morgan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th St. , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA . ; https://sites.google.com/site/titaniumupenn/ ; Fax: +1-215-573-6743
| | - Rudan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource , School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , 650091 , PR China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th St. , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA . ; https://sites.google.com/site/titaniumupenn/ ; Fax: +1-215-573-6743
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9
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Armenise N, Dughera S, Gualandi A, Mengozzi L, Barbero M, Cozzi PG. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of Stable Aryl or Heteroaryl(3-indolyl)methyliumo-Benzenedisulfonimides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Mridha P, Pal P, Roy K. Chemometric modelling of triphenylmethyl derivatives as potent anticancer agents. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.854897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Zhang J, Bellomo A, Trongsiriwat N, Jia T, Carroll PJ, Dreher SD, Tudge MT, Yin H, Robinson JR, Schelter EJ, Walsh PJ. NiXantphos: a deprotonatable ligand for room-temperature palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of aryl chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6276-87. [PMID: 24745758 PMCID: PMC4017615 DOI: 10.1021/ja411855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Although
the past 15 years have witnessed the development of sterically bulky
and electron-rich alkylphosphine ligands for palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings
with aryl chlorides, examples of palladium catalysts based on either triarylphosphine or bidentate phosphine ligands for efficient room temperature cross-coupling
reactions with unactivated aryl chlorides are rare. Herein we report
a palladium catalyst based on NiXantphos, a deprotonatable
chelating aryldiphosphine ligand, to oxidatively add unactivated
aryl chlorides at room temperature. Surprisingly, comparison of an
extensive array of ligands revealed that under the basic reaction
conditions the resultant heterobimetallic Pd–NiXantphos catalyst
system outperformed all the other mono- and bidentate ligands in a
deprotonative cross-coupling process (DCCP) with aryl chlorides. The
DCCP with aryl chlorides affords a variety of triarylmethane products,
a class of compounds with various applications and interesting biological
activity. Additionally, the DCCP exhibits remarkable chemoselectivity
in the presence of aryl chloride substrates bearing heteroaryl groups
and sensitive functional groups that are known to undergo 1,2-addition,
aldol reaction, and O-, N-, enolate-α-,
and C(sp2)–H arylations. The advantages and importance
of the Pd–NiXantphos catalyst system outlined herein make it
a valuable contribution for applications in Pd-catalyzed arylation
reactions with aryl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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12
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Wiiger MT, Bideli H, Fodstad O, Flatmark K, Andersson Y. The MOC31PE immunotoxin reduces cell migration and induces gene expression and cell death in ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:23. [PMID: 24528603 PMCID: PMC3931919 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The standard treatment of ovarian cancer with chemotherapy often leads to drug resistance and relapse of the disease, and the need for development of novel therapy alternatives is obvious. The MOC31PE immunotoxin binds to the cell surface antigen EpCAM, which is expressed by the majority of epithelial cancers including ovarian carcinomas, and we studied the cytotoxic effects of MOC31PE in ovarian cancer cells. Methods Investigation of the effects of MOC31PE treatment on protein synthesis, cell viability, proliferation and gene expression of the ovarian cancer cell lines B76 and HOC7. Results MOC31PE treatment for 24 h caused a dose-dependent reduction of protein synthesis with ID50 values of less than 10 ng/ml, followed by reduced cell viability. In a gene expression array monitoring the expression of 84 key genes in cancer pathways, 13 of the genes were differentially expressed by MOC31PE treatment in comparison to untreated cells. By combining MOC31PE and the immune suppressor cyclosporin A (CsA) the MOC31PE effect on protein synthesis inhibition and cell viability increased tenfold. Cell migration was also reduced, both in the individual MOC31PE and CsA treatment, but even more when combining MOC31PE and CsA. In tumor metastasis PCR arrays, 23 of 84 genes were differentially expressed comparing CsA versus MOC31PE + CsA treatment. Increased expression of the tumor suppressor KISS1 and the nuclear receptor NR4A3 was observed, and the differential candidate gene expression was confirmed in complementary qPCR analyses. For NR4A3 this was not accompanied by increased protein expression. However, a subcellular fractionation assay revealed increased mitochondrial NR4A3 in MOC31PE treated cells, suggesting a role for this protein in MOC31PE-induced apoptotic cell death. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that MOC31PE may become a new targeted therapy for ovarian cancer and that the MOC31PE anti-cancer effect is potentiated by CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne Andersson
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Liu C, Li M. Room-Temperature Bismuth-Catalyzed Bis-arylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Aryl Ethers and Phenols. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201300522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Zhang J, Bellomo A, Creamer AD, Dreher SD, Walsh PJ. Palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation of diarylmethanes at room temperature: synthesis of triarylmethanes via deprotonative-cross-coupling processes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13765-72. [PMID: 22816972 DOI: 10.1021/ja3047816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although metal-catalyzed direct arylation reactions of non- or weakly acidic C-H bonds have recently received much attention, chemists have relied heavily on substrates with appropriately placed directing groups to steer reactivity. To date, examples of intermolecular arylation of unactivated C(sp(3))-H bonds in the absence of a directing group remain scarce. We report herein the first general, high-yielding, and scalable method for palladium-catalyzed C(sp(3))-H arylation of simple diarylmethane derivatives with aryl bromides at room temperature. This method facilitates access to a variety of sterically and electronically diverse hetero- and nonheteroaryl-containing triarylmethanes, a class of compounds with various applications and interesting biological activity. Key to the success of this approach is an in situ metalation of the substrate via C-H deprotonation under catalytic cross-coupling conditions, which is referred to as a deprotonative-cross-coupling process (DCCP). Base and catalyst identification were performed by high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and led to a unique base/catalyst combination [KN(SiMe(3))(2)/Pd-NiXantphos] that proved to efficiently promote the room-temperature DCCP of diarylmethanes. Additionally, the DCCP exhibits remarkable chemoselectivity in the presence of substrates that are known to undergo O-, N-, enolate-, and C(sp(2))-H arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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