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Mamun TI, Younus S, Rahman MH. Gastric cancer-Epidemiology, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, challenges and opportunities: An updated review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 41:100845. [PMID: 39357127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a significant global health challenge due to its high mortality and incidence rates, particularly in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. This comprehensive review synthesizes the latest epidemiological data and explores both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with gastric cancer, aiming to delineate the multifactorial etiology of this disease. Modifiable risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, obesity, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, whereas nonmodifiable factors comprise genetic predispositions, age, family history and male gender. The interplay of these factors significantly impacts the risk and progression of gastric cancer, suggesting potential preventive strategies. The challenges in treating gastric cancer are considerable, largely because of the late-stage diagnosis and the heterogeneity of the disease, which complicate effective treatment regimens. Current treatment strategies involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies. The FLOT regimen (5-FU, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel) is now a standard for resectable cases in Europe and the US, showing superior survival and response rates over ECF and ECX regimens. For HER2-positive gastric cancer, trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy improves overall survival, as demonstrated by the ToGA trial. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab offer promising results. However, the five-year survival rate remains low, underscoring the urgency for improved therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in molecular biology and cancer genomics have begun to pave the way for personalized medicine in gastric cancer care, focusing on molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapy. This review also highlights the critical need for better screening methods that could facilitate early detection and treatment, potentially improving the prognosis. By integrating epidemiological insights with new therapeutic strategies, this article aims to thoroughly understand of gastric cancer's dynamics and outline a framework for future research and clinical management, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach to tackle this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajul Islam Mamun
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabrina Younus
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hashibur Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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2
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Huang D, Song M, Abe SK, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Saito E, De la Torre K, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Shu XO, Cai H, Hozawa A, Kanemura S, Kim J, Chen Y, Ito H, Sugawara Y, Park SK, Shin MH, Hirabayashi M, Kimura T, Gao YT, Wen W, Oze I, Shin A, Ahn YO, Ahsan H, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D. Family history and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Asia: a pooled analysis of more than half a million participants. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:701-713. [PMID: 38649672 PMCID: PMC11193690 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family history of gastric cancer holds important implications for cancer surveillance and prevention, yet existing evidence predominantly comes from case-control studies. We aimed to investigate the association between family history of gastric cancer and gastric cancer risk overall and by various subtypes in Asians in a prospective study. METHODS We included 12 prospective cohorts with 550,508 participants in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate study-specific adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between family history of gastric cancer and gastric cancer incidence and mortality, then pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Stratified analyses were performed for the anatomical subsites and histological subtypes. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 15.6 years, 2258 incident gastric cancers and 5194 gastric cancer deaths occurred. The risk of incident gastric cancer was higher in individuals with a family history of gastric cancer (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.32-1.58), similarly in males (1.44, 1.31-1.59) and females (1.45, 1.23-1.70). Family history of gastric cancer was associated with both cardia (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00-1.60) and non-cardia subsites (1.49, 1.35-1.65), and with intestinal- (1.48, 1.30-1.70) and diffuse-type (1.59, 1.35-1.87) gastric cancer incidence. Positive associations were also found for gastric cancer mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19-1.41). CONCLUSIONS In this largest prospective study to date on family history and gastric cancer, a familial background of gastric cancer increased the risk of gastric cancer in the Asian population. Targeted education, screening, and intervention in these high-risk groups may reduce the burden of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minkyo Song
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katherine De la Torre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mayo Hirabayashi
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Yu H, Jin Z, Yuan Y, Liu L, Zhou J. Exploring the mechanism of Erteng-Sanjie capsule in treating gastric and colorectal cancers via network pharmacology and in-vivo validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117945. [PMID: 38428659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Erteng-Sanjie capsule (ETSJC) has therapeutic effects against gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the pharmacological mechanism of ETSJC against GC and CRC via network pharmacology and in-vivo validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on the ingredients of ETSJC were obtained from the TCMSP and HERB databases. Further, details on the related targets of the active ingredients were collected from the HERB and SwissTargetPrediction databases. The targets in GC and CRC, which were screened from the OMIM, GeneCards, and TTD databases, were uploaded to STRING for a separate protein-protein interaction network analysis. The common targets shared by ETSJC, GC, and CRC were then screened. Cytoscape and STRING were used to construct the networks of herbs-compounds-targets and PPI. Metascape was utilized to analyze the enrichment of the GO and KEGG pathways. Molecular docking was used to validate the potential binding mode between the core ingredients and targets. Finally, the predicted results were verified with animal experiment. RESULTS Eight core ingredients (resveratrol, quercetin, luteolin, baicalein, delphinidin, kaempferol, pinocembrin, and naringenin) and six core targets (TP53, SRC, PIK3R1, AKT1, MAPK3, and STAT3) were filtered via network analysis. The molecular mechanism mainly involved the positive regulation of various processes such as cell migration, protein phosphorylation, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed that the core ingredients could be significantly combined with all core targets. The animal experiment revealed that ETSJC could suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis of both GC and CRC tumor cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Multiple targets (TP53, SRC, AKT1, and STAT3) were important in GC and CRC. ETSJC could act on these targets and engage in different pathways against GC and CRC. Simultaneously, inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was a promising therapeutic mechanism for treating GC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Zengcai Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yuyao Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Likun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
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Kang K, Bagaoisan MA, Zhang Y. Unveiling the Younger Face of Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies. Cureus 2024; 16:e62826. [PMID: 39036206 PMCID: PMC11260356 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates each year. Despite advancements in screening and treatment, late detection remains a critical issue. Efforts to address this include raising public awareness and implementing targeted screening programs for high-risk populations. The increasing incidence of gastric cancer among younger individuals underscores the need for lifestyle adjustments and targeted interventions to mitigate risks and improve outcomes. Understanding the various factors contributing to gastric cancer risk is essential for effective prevention strategies, including Helicobacter pylori eradication, lifestyle modifications, and regular screening for high-risk groups. A comprehensive approach addressing both individual behaviors and broader societal factors is crucial in the fight against gastric cancer. This review provides an in-depth examination of gastric cancer epidemiology, risk factors, preventive measures, and screening initiatives, with a particular focus on the rising incidence among younger demographics. Emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention, the review highlights the need for proactive screening to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates. By addressing these aspects comprehensively, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of gastric cancer dynamics, particularly its incidence among younger individuals, and to inform future strategies for prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Institute of Nursing, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, PHL
| | | | - YuXin Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Nursing, Gansu Health Vocational College, Lanzhou, CHN
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Tian Y, Xie Y, Bai F, Wang J, Zhang D. Biological Clock Genes are Crucial and Promising Biomarkers for the Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Assessment in Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:900-912. [PMID: 38427147 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Circadian rhythm disturbances driven by circadian clock genes play a role in the development of cancer. However, whether circadian clock genes can serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer remains elusive. METHODS In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the potential relationship between circadian clock genes and gastric cancer using online bioinformatics databases such as GEPIA, cBioPortal, STRING, GeneMANIA, Metascape, TIMER, TRRUST, and GEDS. RESULTS Biological clock genes are expressed differently in human tumors. Compared with normal tissues, only PER1, CLOCK, and TIMELESS expression differences were statistically significant in gastric cancer (p < 0.05). PER1 (p = 0.0169) and CLOCK (p = 0.0414) were associated with gastric cancer pathological stage (p < 0.05). Gastric cancer patients with high expression of PER1 (p = 0.0028) and NR1D1 (p = 0.016) had longer overall survival, while those with high expression of PER1 (p = 0.042) and NR1D1 (p = 0.016) had longer disease-free survival. The main function of the biological clock gene is related to the circadian rhythms and melatonin metabolism and effects. CLOCK, NPAS2, and KAT2B were key transcription factors for circadian clock genes. In addition, we also found important correlations between circadian clock genes and various immune cells in the gastric cancer microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS This study may establish a new gastric cancer prognostic indicator based on the biological clock gene and develop new drugs for the treatment of gastric cancer using biological clock gene targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No. 82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yunqian Xie
- The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province, Haikou City, China
| | - Feihu Bai
- The Gastroenterology Clinical Medical Center of Hainan Province, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province, Haikou City, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 986 Hospital, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 269, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710089, China.
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No. 82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.
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Yan J, Zhang H, Zhang M, Tian M, Nie G, Xie D, Zhu X, Li X. The association between trace metals in both cancerous and non-cancerous tissues with the risk of liver and gastric cancer progression in northwest China. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116011. [PMID: 38359492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer and gastric cancer have extremely high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. It is well known that an increase or decrease in trace metals may be associated with the formation and development of a variety of diseases, including cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contents of aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in cancerous liver and gastric tissues, compared to adjacent healthy tissues, and to investigate the relationship between trace metals and cancer progression. During surgery, multiple samples were taken from the cancerous and adjacent healthy tissues of patients with liver and gastric cancer, and trace metal levels within these samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in tissues from patients with liver cancer were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Similarly, patients with gastric cancer also showed lower levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Zn-but higher levels of Cu and Se-compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with liver and gastric cancers who had poorly differentiated tumours and positive lymph node metastases showed lower levels of trace metals (P < 0.05), although no significant changes in their concentrations were observed to correlate with sex, age, or body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression, principal component analysis (PCA), Bayesian kernel regression (BKMR), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile-based g computing (qgcomp) models were used to analyse the relationships between trace metal concentrations in liver and gastric cancer tissues and the progression of these cancers. We found that single or mixed trace metal levels were negatively associated with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis in both liver and gastric cancer, and the posterior inclusion probability (PIP) of each metal showed that Cd contributed the most to poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis in both liver and gastric cancer (all PIP = 1.000). These data help to clarify the relationship between changes in trace metal levels in cancerous liver and gastric tissues and the progression of these cancers. Further research is warranted, however, to fully elucidate the mechanisms and causations underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtong Zhang
- GanSu Provincial Institute of Drug Control, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tian
- Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guole Nie
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Al-Hawary SIS, Almajidi YQ, Bansal P, Ahmad I, Kaur H, Hjazi A, Deorari M, Zwamel AH, Hamzah HF, Mohammed BA. Dendritic cell-derived exosome (DEX) therapy for digestive system cancers: Recent advances and future prospect. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155288. [PMID: 38653088 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-mediated immunosuppression is a fundamental obstacle to the development of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines, which despite their ability to stimulate host anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity, have not been able to generate meaningful therapeutic responses. Exosomes are inactive membrane vesicles that are nanoscale in size and are produced by the endocytic pathway. They are essential for intercellular communication. Additionally, DC-derived exosomes (DEXs) contained MHC class I/II (MHCI/II), which is frequently complexed with antigens and co-stimulatory molecules and is therefore able to prime CD4 and CD8 T cells that are specific to particular antigens. Indeed, vaccines with DEXs have been shown to exhibit better anti-tumor efficacy in eradicating tumors compared to DC vaccines in pre-clinical models of digestive system tumors. Also, there is room for improvement in the tumor antigenic peptide (TAA) selection process. DCs release highly targeted exosomes when the right antigenic peptide is chosen, which could aid in the creation of DEX-based antitumor vaccines that elicit more targeted immune responses. Coupled with their resistance to tumor immunosuppression, DEXs-based cancer vaccines have been heralded as the superior alternative cell-free therapeutic vaccines over DC vaccines to treat digestive system tumors. In this review, current studies of DEXs cancer vaccines as well as potential future directions will be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasir Qasim Almajidi
- Department of pharmacy (pharmaceutics), Baghdad College of Medical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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8
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Wu D, Guan YX, Li CH, Zheng Q, Yin ZJ, Wang H, Liu NN. "Nutrient-fungi-host" tripartite interaction in cancer progression. IMETA 2024; 3:e170. [PMID: 38882486 PMCID: PMC11170973 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome exhibits a profound connection with the cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response, with particular emphasis on its components of the mycobiome, which are still in the early stages of research. In this review, we comprehensively summarize cancer-related symbiotic and pathogenic fungal genera. The intricate mechanisms through which fungi impact cancer as an integral member of both gut and tissue-resident microbiomes are further discussed. In addition, we shed light on the pivotal physiological roles of various nutrients, including cholesterol, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals, in facilitating the growth, reproduction, and invasive pathogenesis of the fungi. While our exploration of the interplay between nutrients and cancer, mediated by the mycobiome, is ongoing, the current findings have yet to yield conclusive results. Thus, delving into the relationship between nutrients and fungal pathogenesis in cancer development and progression would provide valuable insights into anticancer therapy and foster precision nutrition and individualized treatments that target fungi from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yun-Xuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chen-Hao Li
- Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Quan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zuo-Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Ligato I, Dottori L, Sbarigia C, Dilaghi E, Annibale B, Lahner E, Esposito G. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Risk of gastric cancer in patients with first-degree relatives with gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:606-615. [PMID: 38197125 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer ranks fourth in terms of global cancer-related deaths. Timely identification of high-risk populations is crucial to reduce mortality. Although a family history of gastric cancer increases risk, European and British guidelines report weak recommendations and low-quality evidence about the management of these patients. AIM To quantify the association in case-control studies of patients with gastric cancer with first-degree relatives with gastric cancer compared to those who do not. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies up to November 2023. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. The heterogeneity of effects across studies was quantified by I2 . We calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects models. RESULTS We included 30 studies in the systematic review. In all studies, a first-degree family history of gastric cancer represented a risk factor for gastric cancer. We included 21 studies on the risk of gastric cancer. There was a significantly increased association between gastric cancer and having first-degree relative(s) with gastric cancer, but with significant heterogeneity among studies (OR = 2.92; 95% CI 2.402-3.552; p < 0.001; I2 = 81.85%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis highlights the relevance of patients' family history of gastric cancer and the importance of this risk factor for the early detection of neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ligato
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Dottori
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sbarigia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Dilaghi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edith Lahner
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Zhao T, Yu Z. Modified Gexia-Zhuyu Tang inhibits gastric cancer progression by restoring gut microbiota and regulating pyroptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38195483 PMCID: PMC10775600 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gexia-Zhuyu Tang (GZT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used to treat a variety of diseases. However, its roles in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of modified GZT in GC. METHODS The effects of modified GZT on GC were investigated by constructing mouse xenograft models with MFC cell line. The fecal samples from low-dose, high-dose, and without modified GZT treatment groups were collected for the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Histopathological alterations of mice were evaluated using the hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis with Ki67 and GSDMD was performed to measure tissue cell proliferation and pyroptosis, respectively. Proteins associated with pyroptosis, invasion, and metastasis were detected by Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess inflammation-related factors levels. RESULTS Modified GZT inhibited GC tumor growth and reduced metastasis and invasion-related proteins expression levels, including CD147, VEGF, and MMP-9. Furthermore, it notably promoted caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, and LDH levels, along with elevated protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. Additionally, modified GZT increased species abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora. FMT assay identified that modified GZT inhibited GC tumor progression through regulation of intestinal flora. CONCLUSIONS Modified GZT treatment may promote pyroptosis by modulating gut microbiota in GC. This study identifies a new potential approach for the GC clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai City, 200240, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University,Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou City, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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11
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Yu QY, Zhang HC, Jin H. Prediction of canceration of gastric ulcer with serum pepsinogen Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio and gastrin-17. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:846-851. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i20.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening sensitivity markers for canceration of gastric ulcer is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Previous studies have suggested that pepsinogen and gastrin-17 (G-17) may have appreciated value in the prediction of early gastric cancer, but there is still no definitive consensus on this.
AIM To assess the clinical value of serum pepsinogen I (PGⅠ)/pepsinogen Ⅱ (PGⅡ) ratio combined with G-17 in predicting canceration of gastric ulcer to provide sensitive biochemical markers for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 215 patients with gastric ulcer at our hospital from July 2020 to April 2023. According to the histopathological diagnosis by gastroscopy, the patients were divided into either a simple ulcer group (184 cases) or a gastric cancer group (31 cases). Serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ, G-17, and tumor markers [including carbohydrate antigen (CA)724, CA199, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and ferritin] were detected on admission. The delta over baseline (DOB) value of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was measured by the 13C breath test.
RESULTS There were no differences in gender, age, DOB value, or disease course between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the simple ulcer group, serum levels of PGⅡ, G-17, CA724, CA199, and CEA in the gastric cancer group were increased, while PGⅠ, ferritin, and PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio were decreased (P < 0.05). Spearman test showed that PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio was negatively correlated with G-17, CA724, CA199, and CEA, and positively correlated with ferritin (P < 0.05). G-17 was positively correlated with CA724, CA199, and CEA, and negatively correlated with ferritin (P < 0.05). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio and G-17 for diagnosing canceration of gastric ulcer was 0.804 and 0.742, respectively. The AUC of PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio combined with G-17 was 0.899, significantly higher than that of either indicator alone (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION The decrease of serum PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio and increase of G-17 are closely related to the canceration of gastric ulcer. The combination of PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio and G-17 has good predictive performance for canceration of gastric ulcer. PGⅠ/PGⅡ ratio and G-17 can serve as sensitive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Guangfu Cancer Hospital, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
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12
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Yu S, Tu R, Chen Z, Song J, Li P, Hu F, Yuan G, Zhang R, Li Y. Association of PTGER4 and PRKAA1 genetic polymorphisms with gastric cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:209. [PMID: 37670284 PMCID: PMC10478487 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, affected by several genetic loci in the clinical phenotype. This study aimed to determine the association between PTGER4 and PRKAA1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of GC. METHODS A total of 509 GC patients and 507 age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited to explore the association between PTGER4 and PRKAA1 genetic polymorphisms and GC susceptibility. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the correlation between these SNPs and GC, with odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as indicators. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was utilized to analyze the genetic relationships among SNPs. was conducted to predict gene expression, the impact of SNPs on gene expression, and the signaling pathways involved in PTGER4 and PRKAA1. RESULTS Overall, rs10036575 in PTGER4 (OR = 0.82, p = 0.029), rs10074991 (OR = 0.82, p = 0.024) and rs13361707 (OR = 0.82, p = 0.030) in PRKAA1 were associated with susceptibility to GC. Stratification analysis revealed that the effects of these SNPs in PTGER4 and PRKAA1 on GC susceptibility were dependent on smoking and were associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinoma (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed an association between SNPs and corresponding gene expression (p < 0.05), and PRKAA1 may affect GC by mediating RhoA. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PTGER4 and PRKAA1 SNPs might affect the susceptibility of GC, providing a new biological perspective for GC risk assessment, pathogenesis exploration, and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Ruisha Tu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Feixiang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Guihong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ronglin Zhang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
| | - Yini Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570312, China
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13
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Li G, He L, Sun H. Nutritional risk index predicts the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with pyloric stenosis who received preoperative parenteral nutrition. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:401. [PMID: 37600343 PMCID: PMC10433704 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with gastric cancer with pyloric stenosis frequently have poor nutritional status and preoperative parenteral nutrition has been a common treatment strategy. The present study aimed to explore the predictive ability of the nutritional risk index (NRI) regarding the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and pyloric stenosis who received preoperative parenteral nutrition. A total of 194 patients with gastric cancer with pyloric stenosis who received preoperative parenteral nutrition at Tthe Second People's Hospital of Neijiang (Neijiang, China) between January 2016 and December 2021 were included. At the same time, 221 patients with gastric cancer without pyloric stenosis who received surgery during the same period were also collected and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were compared. The optimal cut-off value of the NRI was determined from the receiver operating characteristic curve and prognostic factors were identified by survival analysis. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to predict the survival probability of patients with gastric cancer. The results indicated that patients with pyloric stenosis exhibited a wide range of unfavorable pathological characteristics and blood parameters. In addition, their overall survival (OS) was significantly worse (P<0.001). Among the patients with pyloric stenosis, there were 120 patients (61.9%) with an NRI <93.42 and 74 patients (38.1%) with NRI ≥93.42. Furthermore, patients with an NRI <93.42 had poorer OS (34.37 months vs. not reached, P=0.004). Of note, age, tumor size, radical resection, NRI and TNM stage were determined to be independent prognostic factors for OS. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.760 (95%CI: 0.688-0.832). In conclusion, the NRI was indicated to be an accurate score reflecting the nutritional status of patients, which was able to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer with pyloric stricture who received preoperative parenteral nutrition. Patients with a low NRI had shorter survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomiao Li
- Cancer Center, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan 641000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan He
- Department of Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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14
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Yan X, Lei L, Li H, Cao M, Yang F, He S, Zhang S, Teng Y, Li Q, Xia C, Chen W. Stomach cancer burden in China: Epidemiology and prevention. Chin J Cancer Res 2023; 35:81-91. [PMID: 37180831 PMCID: PMC10167608 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, stomach cancer was the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the relatively huge population base and the poor survival rate, stomach cancer is still a threat in China, and accounts for nearly half of the cases worldwide. Fortunately, in China, the incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer presented a declining trend owing to the change of individual life styles and the persistent efforts to prevent stomach cancer from the governments at all levels. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, poor eating habits, smoking, history of gastrointestinal disorders, and family history of stomach cancer are the main risk factors for stomach cancer in China. As a result, by taking risk factors for stomach cancer into account, specific preventive measures, such as eradicating H. pylori and implementing stomach cancer screening projects, should be taken to better prevent and decrease the burden of stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yan
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - He Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Siyi He
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yi Teng
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Changfa Xia
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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15
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Zhang Z, Huang Y, Guo AY, Yang L. Research progress of circular RNA molecules in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101913. [PMID: 36934850 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-chain endogenous closed circular RNAs that do not have a poly(A) tail at the 3' end and a cap structure at the 5' end and are connected end-to-end by covalent bonds. CircRNAs, which are pervasive, diverse, stable, and conversed, have functions in transcriptional control and protein translation and play vital roles in modulating cell senescence, individual aging, as well as the occurrence and development of age-related diseases. Studies in recent years were reviewed from aspects including the biosynthesis mechanisms, classification, expression, biomedical functions, associations with aging and age-related diseases, and potential clinical applications of circRNAs. It will provide the theoretic basis for exploring the molecular biological mechanisms of aging, using circRNA as the therapeutic target to delay aging, and finding therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Zhang
- Departments of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - AYao Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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16
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Chan KH, Wright N, Xiao D, Guo Y, Chen Y, Du H, Yang L, Millwood IY, Pei P, Wang J, Turnbull I, Gilbert S, Avery D, Kartsonaki C, Yu C, Chen J, Lv J, Clarke R, Collins R, Peto R, Li L, Wang C, Chen Z. Tobacco smoking and risks of more than 470 diseases in China: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e1014-e1026. [PMID: 36462513 PMCID: PMC7613927 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is estimated to account for more than 1 million annual deaths in China, and the epidemic continues to increase in men. Large nationwide prospective studies linked to different health records can help to periodically assess disease burden attributed to smoking. We aimed to examine associations of smoking with incidence of and mortality from an extensive range of diseases in China. METHODS We analysed data from the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank, which recruited 512 726 adults aged 30-79 years, of whom 210 201 were men and 302 525 were women. Participants who had no major disabilities were identified through local residential records in 100-150 administrative units, which were randomly selected by use of multistage cluster sampling, from each of the ten diverse study areas of China. They were invited and recruited between June 25, 2004, and July 15, 2008. Upon study entry, trained health workers administered a questionnaire assessing detailed smoking behaviours and other key characteristics (eg, sociodemographics, lifestyle, and medical history). Participants were followed up via electronic record linkages to death and disease registries and health insurance databases, from baseline to Jan 1, 2018. During a median 11-year follow-up (IQR 10-12), 285 542 (55·7%) participants were ever hospitalised, 48 869 (9·5%) died, and 5252 (1·0%) were lost to follow-up during the age-at-risk of 35-84 years. Cox regression yielded hazard ratios (HRs) associating smoking with disease incidence and mortality, adjusting for multiple testing. FINDINGS At baseline, 74·3% of men and 3·2% of women (overall 32·4%) ever smoked regularly. During follow-up, 1 137 603 International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10)-coded incident events occurred, involving 476 distinct conditions and 85 causes of death, each with at least 100 cases. Compared with never-regular smokers, ever-regular smokers had significantly higher risks for nine of 18 ICD-10 chapters examined at age-at-risk of 35-84 years. For individual conditions, smokers had significantly higher risks of 56 diseases (50 for men and 24 for women) and 22 causes of death (17 for men and nine for women). Among men, ever-regular smokers had an HR of 1·09 (95% CI 1·08-1·11) for any disease incidence when compared with never-regular smokers, and significantly more episodes and longer duration of hospitalisation, particularly those due to cancer and respiratory diseases. For overall mortality, the HRs were greater in men from urban areas than in men from rural areas (1·50 [1·42-1·58] vs 1·25 [1·20-1·30]). Among men from urban areas who began smoking at younger than 18 years, the HRs were 2·06 (1·89-2·24) for overall mortality and 1·32 (1·27-1·37) for any disease incidence. In this population, 19·6% of male (24·3% of men residing in urban settings and 16·2% of men residing in rural settings) and 2·8% of female deaths were attributed to ever-regular smoking. INTERPRETATION Among Chinese adults, smoking was associated with higher risks of morbidity and mortality from a wide range of diseases. Among men, the future smoking-attributed disease burden will increase further, highlighting a pressing need for reducing consumption through widespread cessation and uptake prevention. FUNDING British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Kadoorie Charitable Foundation, UK Medical Research Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hung Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Wright
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan Xiao
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junzheng Wang
- Licang Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Iain Turnbull
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Gilbert
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Avery
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Peto
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Elshanbary AA, Zaazouee MS, Hasan SM, Abdel-Aziz W. Risk factors for suicide mortality and cancer-specific mortality among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma: A SEER based study. Psychooncology 2021; 30:2067-2076. [PMID: 34453467 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the risk factors for suicide in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) to recognize patients at higher risk who require special mental health care. METHODS Patients' data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1975 to 2016. The relationships among categorical variables were assessed using Person's chi-square test. Standardized mortality ratio was used to compare ratios of suicide and other causes of death between the US population and adenocarcinoma patients. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier were used for multivariate and univariate analyses. The probability of suicide was assessed using the binary regression analysis. All analyses were conducted using SPSS software. RESULTS Among 59,580 patients included in this study, 86 died due to suicide. The mean survival months was higher in patients <50 years (81.759) than in patients ≥50 years (42.961), and in females (49.116) than in males (44.591). The multivariate analysis showed a higher suicide mortality risk in divorced patients (HR = 2.461; 95% CI [1.015, 5.966], p = 0.046), patients not recommended for surgery (HR = 1.997; 95% CI [1.08, 3.694], p = 0.027) and patients with distant stage of the disease (HR = 2.68; 95% CI [1.395, 5.147], p = 0.003). Females had a lower suicide mortality risk (HR = 0.124; 95% CI [0.045, 0.314], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION GAS predisposes to suicide. The risk is higher in patients who are males, divorced, not recommended for surgery, or have a distant spread of the disease.
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