1
|
Katopodis P, Khalifa MS, Anikin V. Molecular characteristics of uveal melanoma and intraocular tumors. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:9. [PMID: 33240415 PMCID: PMC7681201 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanomas within the eye present different types of metabolic and metastatic behavior. Uveal melanoma (UM) affects a quarter of a million individuals in the USA; however, the molecular pathogenesis is not well understood. Although UV radiation is a risk factor in cutaneous melanomas, it is not crucial for UM progression. Apart from chromosomal abnormalities, numerous major tumorigenic signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, Ras-association domain family 1 isoform A and Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif signaling pathways, are associated with intraocular tumors. The present review describes the current insights regarding these signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle and apoptosis, and could be used as potential targets for the treatment of UMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Periklis Katopodis
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Mohammad S. Khalifa
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Vladimir Anikin
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London UB9 6JH, UK
- Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Souri Z, Wierenga APA, van Weeghel C, van der Velden PA, Kroes WGM, Luyten GPM, van der Burg SH, Jochemsen AG, Jager MJ. Loss of BAP1 Is Associated with Upregulation of the NFkB Pathway and Increased HLA Class I Expression in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081102. [PMID: 31382450 PMCID: PMC6721427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristics of prognostically infaust uveal melanoma (UM) is an inflammatory phenotype, which is characterized by high numbers of infiltrating T cells and macrophages, and a high HLA Class I expression. We wondered how this inflammation is regulated, and considered that one of the most important regulators of inflammation, the NFkB pathway, might play a role. We analyzed 64 UM samples for expression of HLA Class I, its regulators, and of members of the NFkB transcription family, using an Illumina HT12V4 array. HLA Class I expression and infiltrating immune cells were also determined by immunohistochemical staining. Information was obtained regarding chromosome status by Affymetrix Nsp array. Our analysis shows that expression of NFkB1, NFkB2 and RELB positively correlates with the level of HLA Class I expression and the number of infiltrating T cells and macrophages, while SPP1 and PPARγ are negatively correlated. Increased levels of NFkB1 and NFkB2 and decreased levels of SPP1 and PPARγ are seen in Monosomy 3/BAP1-negative tumors. This is also the case in non-inflammatory UM, indicating that our observation not only involves infiltrating leukocytes but the tumor cells themselves. We report that the NFkB pathway is associated with inflammation and HLA Class I expression in UM, and is upregulated when BAP1 expression is lost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Souri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemijn P A Wierenga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan van Weeghel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A van der Velden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma G M Kroes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorius P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roy R, Saurabh K, Das D, Sharma P, Ghose A, Chandrasekharan DP. Bilateral retinitis pigmentosa with unilateral choroidal nevus: A hitherto unreported association. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2016; 30:207-209. [PMID: 28210186 PMCID: PMC5299104 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) has been reported to be associated with retinal hemangioma, retinal angiomatous proliferation, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and vasoproliferative tumours. However there is no previous report of choroidal nevus in an eye with RP. We describe such a case in which the eye with RP had a choroidal nevus at the macula. The coexistence of these two entities in the same eye emphasizes the need of careful examination of patients with RP. The presence of choroidal nevus warrants additional investigations such as B scan ultrasonography and a close follow-up to pick up changes in the nevus size and morphology.
Collapse
|
4
|
López-Nieva P, Vaquero C, Fernández-Navarro P, González-Sánchez L, Villa-Morales M, Santos J, Esteller M, Fernández-Piqueras J. EPHA7, a new target gene for 6q deletion in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:452-8. [PMID: 22114070 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic deletions at chromosome 6q are common cytogenetic abnormalities in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LBL), but the target genes have not been formally identified. Our results build on detection of specific chromosomal losses in a mouse model of γ-radiation-induced T-LBLs and provide interesting clues for new putative susceptibility genes in a region orthologous to human 6q15-6q16.3. Among these, Epha7 emerges as a bona fide candidate tumor suppressor gene because it is inactivated in practically all the T-LBLs analyzed (100% in mouse and 95.23% in human). We provide evidence showing that Epha7 downregulation may occur, at least in part, by loss of heterozygosity (19.35% in mouse and 12.5% in human) or promoter hypermethylation (51.61% in mouse and 43.75% in human) or a combination of both mechanisms (12.90% in mouse and 6.25% in human). These results indicate that EPHA7 might be considered a new tumor suppressor gene for 6q deletions in T-LBLs. Notably, this gene is located in 6q16.1 proximal to GRIK2 and CASP8AP2, other candidate genes identified in this region. Thus, del6q seems to be a complex region where inactivation of multiple genes may cooperatively contribute to the onset of T-cell lymphomas.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptor, EphA7/genetics
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/genetics
- Sequence Deletion
- GluK2 Kainate Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar López-Nieva
- Departmento Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Houston SK, Murray TG. Microarray gene-expression analysis in ocular oncology: uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.11.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
6
|
Gordiyuk VV. Genetic and epigenetic changes of genes on chromosome 3 in human urogenital tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.00007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Gordiyuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu J, Lei G, Mei M, Tang Y, Li H. A novel C53/LZAP-interacting protein regulates stability of C53/LZAP and DDRGK domain-containing Protein 1 (DDRGK1) and modulates NF-kappaB signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15126-15136. [PMID: 20228063 PMCID: PMC2865345 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C53/LZAP (also named as Cdk5rap3) is a putative tumor suppressor that plays important roles in multiple cell signaling pathways, including DNA damage response and NF-kappaB signaling. Yet how its function is regulated remains largely unclear. Here we report the isolation and characterization of two novel C53/LZAP-interacting proteins, RCAD (Regulator of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1) and DDRGK1 (DDRGK domain-containing protein 1). Our co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed their interactions, while gel filtration assay indicated that C53/LZAP and RCAD may form a large protein complex. Intriguingly, we found that RCAD knockdown led to dramatic reduction of C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 proteins. We also found that C53/LZAP and DDRGK1 became more susceptible to the proteasome-mediated degradation in RCAD knockdown cells, whereas their ubiquitination was significantly attenuated by RCAD overexpression. In addition, we found that RCAD, like C53/LZAP, also plays an important role in regulation of NF-kappaB signaling and cell invasion. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that RCAD is a novel regulator of C53/LZAP tumor suppressor and NF-kappaB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Wu
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Guohua Lei
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Mei Mei
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Yi Tang
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Honglin Li
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwon J, Cho HJ, Han SH, No JG, Kwon JY, Kim H. A novel LZAP-binding protein, NLBP, inhibits cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12232-40. [PMID: 20164180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.065920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LXXLL/leucine zipper-containing alternative reading frame (ARF)-binding protein (LZAP) was recently shown to function as a tumor suppressor through inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. LZAP is also known as a negative regulator of cell invasion, and its expression was demonstrated to be reduced in several tumor tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of the negative effect of LZAP on cell invasion is unclear. In this study, we identify NLBP as a novel LZAP-binding protein using tandem affinity purification. We demonstrate the negative effects of NLBP on cell invasion and the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. NLBP expression was not detected in hepatocellular carcinoma cells with strong invasive activity, whereas its expression was detected in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with no invasive activity. We also demonstrate that these two proteins mutually affect the stability of each other by inhibiting ubiquitination of the other protein. Based on these results, we suggest that NLBP may act as a novel tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell invasion, blocking NF-kappaB signaling, and increasing stability of the LZAP protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhye Kwon
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wackernagel W, Schneider M, Mayer C, Langmann G, Singh AD. Genetik des Aderhautmelanoms. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00717-009-0360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
10
|
Di Cesare S, Nantel A, Marshall JC, Fernandes BF, Antecka E, Orellana ME, Abourbih D, Saornil AM, Burnier MN. Expression profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded primary human uveal melanomas using DASL matrices. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:577-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Fung JMW, Smith R, Brown MA, Lau SH, Xie D, Lau GK, Guan XY. Identification and characterization of a novel melanoma tumor suppressor gene on human chromosome 6q21. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:797-803. [PMID: 19188149 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE By characterizing a complex chromosome rearrangement involving 6q and 17p in melanoma cell line UACC-930, we isolated a candidate tumor suppressor gene at 6q21, named prenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2), which was interrupted by an inversion breakpoint. The purpose of this study was to determine the tumor-suppressive potential of PDSS2 in the development of melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To isolate the rearranged 6q in UACC-930 cells, a bacterial artificial chromosome clone (RP1-67A8) covering the breakpoint at 6q21 was digested with HindIII and each DNA fragment was used as the probe for the breakpoint in Southern blotting. The HindIII fragment probe covering the breakpoint was then used to screen an EcoRI-digested DNA library generated from UACC-930. To characterize the tumor-suppressive potential of PDSS2, PDSS2 was stably transfected into a highly tumorigenic melanoma cell line, UACC-903. The tumor-suppressive function of PDSS2 was shown by both in vitro and in vivo assays. The differential expression of PDSS2 in benign nevi and primary melanoma samples was also studied. RESULTS Down-regulation of PDSS2 was observed in 59 of 87 (67.8%) primary melanomas, which was significantly higher than that in benign nevi (7 of 66, 10.6%; P < 0.001). In addition, an overexpression of the PDSS2 in UACC-903 cells could inhibit tumor cell growth, decrease the colony-forming ability in soft agar, and totally abrogate the tumorigenicity of UACC-903 in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the proposal that PDSS2 is a novel tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in the development of malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Mei-Wah Fung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|