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Melanoma in Iranian Childhood and Adolescence: An Analysis of 14 Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in Iran. Given the importance of early diagnosis in treating early tumors, knowledge of the demographic and pathological findings of the disease is helpful. Objectives: The aim of present study was to investigate the incidence, trend and risk factors of melanoma in Iranian childhood and adolescents. Methods: The present retrospective study was performed between 2005 and 2013 on registered data in the National Cancer Registry System, Iran. The age group studied was patients 18 years or younger. Data included demographic status, risk factors, clinical and histopathological characteristics, and stage. Results: The results showed that 8 (57.1%) of 14 patients were males. The mean age of the study population was 8.71 ± 6.02 years (range, 1-15 years). Ten (71.4%) patients were of Fars ethnic groups. In terms of tumor invasiveness, 13 (92.9%) patients were invasive and one (7.1%) patient was in situ. The growth phase of melanoma was vertical in 13 (92.9%) patients and radial phase in one (7.1%) patient. In terms of lymph node metastasis, it was observed in only one patient. Surgical treatment was performed on all patients. Melanoma histology was nodular in 3 patients and unspecified or unregistered in the rest. The most area of the tumor was in the head/neck and lower limbs. Conclusions: According to the results, regardless of the differences in the specific coverage of the Iranian people, the distribution and statistical characteristics of malignant melanoma in Iran are almost similar to other countries in the world. Wider studies are recommended to confirm the findings of the present study.
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Chousakos E, Kose K, Kurtansky NR, Dusza SW, Halpern AC, Marghoob AA. Analyzing the Spatial Randomness in the Distribution of Acquired Melanocytic Neoplasms. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3274-3281. [PMID: 35841946 PMCID: PMC10475172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the clinical impression and current knowledge, acquired melanocytic nevi and melanomas may not occur in random localizations. The goal of this study was to identify whether their distribution on the back is random and whether the location of melanoma correlates with its adjacent lesions. Therefore, patient-level and lesion-level spatial analyses were performed using the Clark‒Evans test for complete spatial randomness. A total of 311 patients with three-dimensional total body photography (average age of 40.08 [30‒49] years; male/female ratio: 128/183) with 5,108 eligible lesions in total were included in the study (mean sum of eligible lesions per patient of 16.42 [3‒199]). The patient-level analysis revealed that the distributions of acquired melanocytic neoplasms were more likely to deviate toward clustering than dispersion (average z-score of ‒0.55 [95% confidence interval = ‒0.69 to ‒0.41; P < 0.001]). The lesion-level analysis indicated a higher portion of melanomas (n = 57 of 72, 79.2% [95% confidence interval = 69.4‒88.9%]) appearing in proximity to neighboring melanocytic neoplasms than to nevi (n = 2,281 of 5,036, 45.3% [95% confidence interval = 43.9‒46.7%]). In conclusion, the nevi and melanomas' distribution on the back tends toward clustering as opposed to dispersion. Furthermore, melanomas are more likely to appear proximally to their neighboring neoplasms than to nevi. These findings may justify various oncogenic theories and improve diagnostic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Chousakos
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; 1(st) Department of Pathology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kivanc Kose
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas R Kurtansky
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen W Dusza
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Rashid S, Shaughnessy M, Tsao H. Melanoma classification and management in the era of molecular medicine. Dermatol Clin 2022; 41:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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AlZahrani F, Kuzel P, Metelitsa A, Smylie M, Dover D, Fiorillo L. A Clinicoepidemiological Study of Melanoma in Young Patients (20 Years of Age or Less) in Alberta, Canada, From 1992 to 2011. J Cutan Med Surg 2020; 25:133-141. [PMID: 33095029 DOI: 10.1177/1203475420963658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological trends of malignant melanoma have been well described in the literature. However, there remains a paucity of population-based studies assessing melanoma epidemiology in our younger patients (20 years of age or less). Other studies indicate that melanoma incidence has risen in pediatric populations over the last several decades and that these tumors may display different clinical characteristics from those arising in adult populations. We conducted a retrospective, population-based analysis of all incident cases of melanoma occurring in young patients aged ≤20 years in Alberta from 1992 to 2011. Information, including patient age, sex, anatomical location, date of diagnosis, histological subtype (if available), level of invasion, and date of death (if applicable), was obtained from the Alberta Cancer Registry. All cases occurring during a 10-year period from 1993 to 2011 have been reviewed. A total of 71 cases were diagnosed during this time (63% female and 37% male). Age range was 0-20 years (mean of 17.5 years). Truncal melanomas made up 36% of cases, while 28% occurred on the lower limbs, 17% on the upper limbs, and 18% in the head and neck region. Average Breslow thickness was 1.97 mm; 67% of tumors were less than 1 mm thick. Unfortunately, 8 of 71 patients died from their disease. Overall, the incidence of melanoma in patients aged ≤20 years appeared to decrease in Alberta in the past 20 years; however, there has been an increase in the thickness of melanoma at diagnosis, which needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah AlZahrani
- 3158 Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Paul Kuzel
- 3158 Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrei Metelitsa
- 2129 Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Beacon Dermatology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Smylie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Douglas Dover
- Alberta Health and Wellness, Community and Population Health Division, Surveillance and Assessment, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Loretta Fiorillo
- 3158 Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Phan K, Onggo J, Loya A. Mohs micrographic surgery versus wide local excision for head and neck melanoma- in-situ. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 31:559-562. [PMID: 31264932 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1639605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Various surgical options can be used to remove melanoma in situ (MIS). These include wide local excision (WLE), staged excision, and Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). For MIS lesions located in the head and neck regions, the WLE approach may not always be a technically feasible option if both cosmesis and anatomical function is to be preserved.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEERs) cancer registry. A total of 7933 cases of MIS in the head and neck region were included in this study, of which 5353 cases were treated by WLE and the remaining 2580 cases by MMS.Results: Comparing between the WLE and MMS group, cancer-specific survival rates at 5 (99% vs. 99%) and 10 years (98% vs. 98%) as well as the 5 year overall survival rate (85% vs. 86%) were similar. After adjusting for confounders, there was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival (HR: 0.902, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.539-1.511, p = .695) and overall-survival (HR: 0.943, 0.813-1.093, p = .435).Conclusions: For cosmetic and functional purposes, MMS is a valid and suitable alternative to WLE to treat MIS due to its tissue-preserving nature particularly in the head and neck region.Key PointsOur adjusted analysis demonstrates similar overall and cancer-specific survival for Mohs surgery vs wide local excision for head and neck melanoma-in-situFor cosmetic and functional purposes, MMS is a valid and suitable alternative to WLE to treat MISThis is due to its tissue-preserving nature particularly in the head and neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Phan
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Liverpool, Australia
| | | | - Asad Loya
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Lai M, La Rocca V, Amato R, Freer G, Pistello M. Sphingolipid/Ceramide Pathways and Autophagy in the Onset and Progression of Melanoma: Novel Therapeutic Targets and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143436. [PMID: 31336922 PMCID: PMC6678284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor deriving from neoplastic transformation of melanocytes. The incidence of melanoma has increased dramatically over the last 50 years. It accounts for most cases of skin cancer deaths. Early diagnosis leads to remission in 90% of cases of melanoma; conversely, for melanoma at more advanced stages, prognosis becomes more unfavorable also because dvanced melanoma is often resistant to pharmacological and radiological therapies due to genetic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells that regenerate the tumor, and efficient elimination of drugs. This review illustrates the role of autophagy in tumor progression and resistance to therapy, focusing on molecular targets for future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica La Rocca
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rachele Amato
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Similar anatomical distributions of childhood naevi and cutaneous melanoma in young adults residing in northern and southern Sweden. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:2067-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stokes WA, Lentsch EJ. Age is an independent poor prognostic factor in cutaneous head and neck melanoma. Laryngoscope 2013; 124:462-5. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Stokes
- Department of Otolaryngology; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina U.S.A
| | - Eric J. Lentsch
- Department of Otolaryngology; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina U.S.A
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