1
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Tietze JK. [Tumor-infiltrating natural killer and T cells in melanoma]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 73:929-936. [PMID: 36401123 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly immunogenic cancer with an increased infiltration of lymphocytes (TIL). TIL are a very heterogeneous population which consists among others of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells and may differ highly between melanoma patients. Distribution, concentration, phenotype, and activation status of the infiltrating lymphocytes vary greatly and impact the prognosis. Different subpopulations of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and NK cells have been identified and have been associated with both the course of the disease and the therapeutic response to different therapies. Increased knowledge of the different functions, interactions, activation, and possibilities of actively influencing relevant subgroups may lead to novel, innovative, and promising therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Tietze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland.
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2
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Baleeiro RB, Bouwens CJ, Liu P, Di Gioia C, Dunmall LSC, Nagano A, Gangeswaran R, Chelala C, Kocher HM, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. MHC class II molecules on pancreatic cancer cells indicate a potential for neo-antigen-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2080329. [PMID: 35655709 PMCID: PMC9154752 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2080329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC class II expression is a hallmark of professional antigen-presenting cells and key to the induction of CD4+ T helper cells. We found that these molecules are ectopically expressed on tumor cells in a large proportion of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and on several PDAC cell lines. In contrast to the previous reports that tumoral expression of MHC-II in melanoma enabled tumor cells to evade immunosurveillance, the expression of MHC-II on PDAC cells neither protected cancer cells from Fas-mediated cell death nor caused T-cell suppression by engagement with its ligand LAG-3 on activated T-cells. In fact and surprisingly, the MHC-II/LAG-3 pathway contributed to CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity toward MHC-II-positive PDAC cells. By combining bioinformatic tools and cell-based assays, we identified a number of immunogenic neo-antigens that can be presented by the patients' HLA class II alleles. Furthermore, CD4+ T-cells stimulated with neo-antigens were capable of recognizing and killing a human PDAC cell line expressing the mutated genes. To expand this approach to a larger number of PDAC patients, we show that co-treatment with IFN-γ and/or MEK/HDAC inhibitors induced tumoral MHC-II expression on MHC-II-negative tumors that are IFN-γ-resistant. Taken together, our data point to the possibility of harnessing MHC-II expression on PDAC cells for neo-antigen-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B. Baleeiro
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian J. Bouwens
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carmela Di Gioia
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louisa S. Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rathistevy Gangeswaran
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hemant M. Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySino-British, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversitySino-British, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Zhang L, Dong R, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhou T, Jia D, Meng Z. The anti-breast cancer property of physcion via oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and immune response. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:303-310. [PMID: 33715588 PMCID: PMC7971271 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1889002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Physcion (Phy) exerts several pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the cytotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms of Phy on breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human breast cancer cell MCF-7 was treated with 5-400 µM Phy for 24 h, MCF-7-xenografted BALB/c nude mice and immunosuppressive mice model induced by cyclophosphamide were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL/mouse normal saline (control group) and 30 mg/kg Phy every other day for 14 or 28 days, and pathological examination, ELISA and western blot were employed to investigate the Phy anti-breast cancer property in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In MCF-7 cells, Phy 24 h treatment significantly reduced the cell viability at dose of 50-400 µM and 24 h, with an IC50 of 203.1 µM, and 200 µM Phy induced 56.9, 46.9, 36.9, and 46.9% increment on LDH and caspase-3, -8 and -9. In MCF-7-xenograft tumour nude mice and immunosuppressive mice, 30 mg/kg Phy treatment inhibited tumour growth from the 8th day, and reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL >50%, HO-1 and SOD-1 > 70% in tumour tissues of immunosuppressive mice. In addition, Phy reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 > 30% and its downstream proteins, and enhanced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B > 110% and inhibitor of NF-кB α > 80% in the tumour tissues of BALB/c mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrated that Phy has an anti-breast cancer property via the modulation of oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and immune response, which provides a scientific basis for further research on its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- The Gastroenterology & Endoscopy Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruitao Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Gastroenterology & Endoscopy Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Longxiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongxu Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- CONTACT Dongxu Jia School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Zhaoli Meng Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
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4
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Gadeyne L, Van Herck Y, Milli G, Atak ZK, Bolognesi MM, Wouters J, Marcelis L, Minia A, Pliaka V, Roznac J, Alexopoulos LG, Cattoretti G, Bechter O, Oord JVD, De Smet F, Antoranz A, Bosisio FM. A Multi-Omics Analysis of Metastatic Melanoma Identifies a Germinal Center-Like Tumor Microenvironment in HLA-DR-Positive Tumor Areas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636057. [PMID: 33842341 PMCID: PMC8029980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced melanoma. However, relatively low response rates and a high incidence of severe immune-related adverse events have prompted the search for predictive biomarkers. A positive predictive value has been attributed to the aberrant expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) by melanoma cells, but it remains unknown why this is the case. In this study, we have examined the microenvironment of HLA-DR positive metastatic melanoma samples using a multi-omics approach. First, using spatial, single-cell mapping by multiplexed immunohistochemistry, we found that the microenvironment of HLA-DR positive melanoma regions was enriched by professional antigen presenting cells, including classical dendritic cells and macrophages, while a more general cytotoxic T cell exhaustion phenotype was present in these regions. In parallel, transcriptomic analysis on micro dissected tissue from HLA-DR positive and HLA-DR negative areas showed increased IFNγ signaling, enhanced leukocyte adhesion and mononuclear cell proliferation in HLA-DR positive areas. Finally, multiplexed cytokine profiling identified an increased expression of germinal center cytokines CXCL12, CXCL13 and CCL19 in HLA-DR positive metastatic lesions, which, together with IFNγ and IL4 could serve as biomarkers to discriminate tumor samples containing HLA-DR overexpressing tumor cells from HLA-DR negative samples. Overall, this suggests that HLA-DR positive areas in melanoma attract the anti-tumor immune cell infiltration by creating a dystrophic germinal center-like microenvironment where an enhanced antigen presentation leads to an exhausted microenvironment, nevertheless representing a fertile ground for a better efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors due to simultaneous higher levels of PD-1 in the immune cells and PD-L1 in the HLA-DR positive melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannick Van Herck
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Milli
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jasper Wouters
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Marcelis
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jan Roznac
- ProtATonce Ltd, Athens, Greece.,Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- Pathology, Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Van Den Oord
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Asier Antoranz
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Maria Bosisio
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Expressions of HLA Class II Genes in Cutaneous Melanoma Were Associated with Clinical Outcome: Bioinformatics Approaches and Systematic Analysis of Public Microarray and RNA-Seq Datasets. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9020059. [PMID: 31212865 PMCID: PMC6628136 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, encoded by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, play important roles in antigen presentation and initiation of immune responses. However, the correlation between HLA class II gene expression level and patient survival and disease progression in cutaneous melanoma is still under investigation. In the present study, we analyzed microarray and RNA-Seq data of cutaneous melanoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using different bioinformatics tools. Survival analysis revealed higher expression level of HLA class II genes in cutaneous melanoma, especially HLA-DP and -DR, was significantly associated with better overall survival. Furthermore, the expressions of HLA class II genes were most closely associated with survival in cutaneous melanoma as compared with other cancer types. The expression of HLA class II co-expressed genes, which were found to associate with antigen processing, immune response, and inflammatory response, was also positively associated with overall survival in cutaneous melanoma. Therefore, the results indicated that increased HLA class II expression may contribute to enhanced anti-tumor immunity and related inflammatory response via presenting tumor antigens to the immune system. The expression pattern of HLA class II genes may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic targets in cutaneous melanoma.
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6
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Wouters J, Vizoso M, Martinez-Cardus A, Carmona FJ, Govaere O, Laguna T, Joseph J, Dynoodt P, Aura C, Foth M, Cloots R, van den Hurk K, Balint B, Murphy IG, McDermott EW, Sheahan K, Jirström K, Nodin B, Mallya-Udupi G, van den Oord JJ, Gallagher WM, Esteller M. Comprehensive DNA methylation study identifies novel progression-related and prognostic markers for cutaneous melanoma. BMC Med 2017; 15:101. [PMID: 28578692 PMCID: PMC5458482 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, with an increasing incidence and mortality rate. Currently, staging of patients with primary melanoma is performed using histological biomarkers such as tumor thickness and ulceration. As disruption of the epigenomic landscape is recognized as a widespread feature inherent in tumor development and progression, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers providing additional clinical information over current factors using unbiased genome-wide DNA methylation analyses. METHODS We performed a comprehensive DNA methylation analysis during all progression stages of melanoma using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips on a discovery cohort of benign nevi (n = 14) and malignant melanoma from both primary (n = 33) and metastatic (n = 28) sites, integrating the DNA methylome with gene expression data. We validated the discovered biomarkers in three independent validation cohorts by pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We identified and validated biomarkers for, and pathways involved in, melanoma development (e.g., HOXA9 DNA methylation) and tumor progression (e.g., TBC1D16 DNA methylation). In addition, we determined a prognostic signature with potential clinical applicability and validated PON3 DNA methylation and OVOL1 protein expression as biomarkers with prognostic information independent of tumor thickness and ulceration. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscores the importance of epigenomic regulation in triggering metastatic dissemination through the inactivation of central cancer-related pathways. Inactivation of cell-adhesion and differentiation unleashes dissemination, and subsequent activation of inflammatory and immune system programs impairs anti-tumoral defense pathways. Moreover, we identify several markers of tumor development and progression previously unrelated to melanoma, and determined a prognostic signature with potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Wouters
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miguel Vizoso
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Martinez-Cardus
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Javier Carmona
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Laguna
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Claudia Aura
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mona Foth
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Roy Cloots
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van den Hurk
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Balazs Balint
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ian G Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Enda W McDermott
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Joost J van den Oord
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - William M Gallagher
- OncoMark Ltd, NovaUCD, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Abstract
T-cell-mediated immunity has the ability to produce durable antimelanoma responses, resulting in improved survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Antigen presentation is a key determinant of T-cell responses. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II-restricted presentation of multiple melanoma antigens to CD4+ T cells. However, GILT expression in melanoma has not been defined. We evaluated GILT and MHC class II expression in human primary and metastatic melanomas and nevi using immunohistochemical analysis. GILT staining in melanocytes was observed in 70% of primary and 58% of metastatic melanomas versus 0% of nevi. When present, the GILT staining intensity in melanocytes was typically faint. Both GILT and MHC class II expression were increased in melanocytes of primary and metastatic melanomas compared with nevi. GILT staining in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was detected in 100% of primary and metastatic melanomas versus 31% of nevi, and it was typically intense. GILT expression was increased in APCs of primary and metastatic melanomas compared with nevi, whereas MHC class II had equivalent high expression in APCs of all melanocytic lesions. GILT staining in keratinocytes was detected in 67% of primary melanomas versus 14% of nevi and 6% of metastatic melanomas. GILT, but not MHC class II, expression was increased in keratinocytes of primary melanomas compared with nevi and metastases. GILT expression is anticipated to result in improved presentation of melanoma antigens and more effective antimelanoma T-cell responses. GILT expression may be a biomarker of immune recognition of melanoma.
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Cancer immunology and canine malignant melanoma: A comparative review. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 169:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Dumitrascu GR, Lupu AR, Caruntu C, Boda D, Zurac S. Inflammation markers in cutaneous melanoma - edgy biomarkers for prognosis. Discoveries (Craiova) 2015; 3:e38. [PMID: 32309563 PMCID: PMC6941591 DOI: 10.15190/d.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a fine balance between inflammation and tumorigenesis. While environmentally induced inflammatory condition can precede a malignant transformation, in other cases an oncogenic change of unknown origin can induce an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the development of tumors. Regardless of its origin, maintaining the inflammation milieu has many tumor-promoting effects. As a result, inflammation can aid the proliferation and survival of malignant cells, can promote angiogenesis and metastasis, can down-regulate innate/adaptive immune responses, and can alter responses to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. There is an abundance of studies unveiling molecular pathways of cancer-related inflammation; this wealth of information brings new insights into biomarkers domain in the diagnosis and treatment improvement pursue.
In cutaneous tissue there is an established link between tissue damage, inflammation, and cancer development. Inflammation is a self-limiting process in normal healthy physiological conditions, while tumorigenesis is a complex mechanism of constitutive pathway activation. Once more, in cutaneous melanoma, there is an unmet need for inflammatory biomarkers that could improve prognostication. Targeting inflammation and coping with the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells represent rational strategies to specifically interfere with metastatic progression. We have shown that there is a prototype of intratumor inflammatory infiltrate depicting a good prognosis, infiltrate that is composed of numerous T cells CD3+, Langerhans cells, few/absent B cells CD20+ and few/absent plasma cells. Circulating immune cells characterized by phenotype particularities are delicately linked to the stage melanoma is diagnosed in. Hence circulatory immune sub-populations, with activated or suppressor phenotype would give the physician a more detailed immune status of the patient. A panel of tissue/circulatory immune markers can complete the immune status, can add value to the overall prognostic of the patient and, as a result direct/redirect the therapy choice. The future lies within establishing low-cost, affordable/available, easily reproducible assays that will complete the pre-clinical parameters of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biochemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Roxana Dumitrascu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Roxana Lupu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.,Dermatology Research Laboratory, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Hastings KT. GILT: Shaping the MHC Class II-Restricted Peptidome and CD4(+) T Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:429. [PMID: 24409178 PMCID: PMC3885806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class II-restricted antigen processing pathway generates peptide:MHC complexes in the endocytic pathway for the activation of CD4(+) T cells. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) reduces protein disulfide bonds in the endocytic compartment, thereby exposing buried epitopes for MHC class II binding and presentation. T cell hybridoma responses and elution of MHC class II bound peptides have identified GILT-dependent epitopes, GILT-independent epitopes, and epitopes that are more efficiently presented in the absence of GILT termed GILT-prevented epitopes. GILT-mediated alteration in the MHC class II-restricted peptidome modulates T cell development in the thymus and peripheral tolerance and influences the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Recent studies suggest an emerging role for GILT in the response to pathogens and cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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11
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Ghislin S, Obino D, Middendorp S, Boggetto N, Alcaide-Loridan C, Deshayes F. LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression induced during melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture favors the transendothelial migration of melanoma cell lines in vitro. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:455. [PMID: 23039186 PMCID: PMC3495854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor median rate of survival. It is therefore necessary to increase our knowledge about melanoma cell dissemination which includes extravasation, where cancer cells cross the endothelial barrier. Extravasation is well understood during travelling of white blood cells, and involves integrins such as LFA-1 (composed of two chains, CD11a and CD18) expressed by T cells, while ICAM-1 is induced during inflammation by endothelial cells. Although melanoma cell lines cross endothelial cell barriers, they do not express LFA-1. We therefore hypothesized that melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture might induce the LFA-1/ICAM ligand/receptor couple during melanoma transmigration. Methods A transwell approach has been used as well as blocking antibodies against CD11a, CD18 and ICAM-1. Data were analyzed with an epifluorescence microscope. Fluorescence intensity was quantified with the ImageJ software. Results We show here that HUVEC-conditioned medium induce cell-surface expression of LFA-1 on melanoma cell lines. Similarly melanoma-conditioned medium activates ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Accordingly blocking antibodies of ICAM-1, CD11a or CD18 strongly decrease melanoma transmigration. We therefore demonstrate that melanoma cells can cross endothelial monolayers in vitro due to the induction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 occurring during the co-culture of melanoma and endothelial cells. Our data further suggest a role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in the formation of melanoma cell clumps enhancing tumor cell transmigration. Conclusion Melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture induces LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression, thereby favoring in vitro melanoma trans-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ghislin
- Team Regulation des Reponses Immunitaires, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75205, France
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12
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Abstract
This chapter describes how skin immune system (SIS) is specifically involved in the development of cutaneous melanoma. Local immune surveillance is presented as a complex process that comprises markers to be monitored in disease's evolution and in therapy. The ranking of tissue or soluble immune markers in a future panel of diagnostic/prognostic panel are evaluated. Taking into account the difficulties of cutaneous melanoma patients' management, this chapter shows the immune surveillance at the skin level, the conditions that favor the tumor escape from the immunological arm, the immune pattern of skin melanoma with diagnostic/prognostic relevance, the circulatory immune markers, and, last but not least, how immune markers are used in immune-therapy monitoring. The chapter cannot be exhaustive but will give the reader a glimpse of the complex immune network that lies within tumor escape and where to search for immune-therapeutical targets in skin melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
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Plasticity of melanoma cells induced by neural cell crest conditions and three-dimensional growth. Melanoma Res 2012; 22:184-94. [PMID: 22454190 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e328351e7c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma tumors have been shown to comprise both invasive and proliferative cell subpopulations. These populations are highly plastic, thus hampering full characterization and therapeutic targeting of dormant and partially dedifferentiated invasive cells. We have reported, previously, that melanoma cells grown in a serum-free neural crest medium, in which they propagate as spheroids, show higher invasiveness and increased immune escape. In addition, in spheroids, we showed the increased expression of several genes which are involved in pluripotency, differentiation, and invasion. We therefore proposed that these culture conditions favor the polarization of proliferative melanoma cells toward an invasive state. As plasticity may suggest a reversible polarization, the aim of this report is to assess the transient phenotype of invasive cells generated through this procedure. We provide evidence that spheroid cells mimic dormant populations, and that this phenotype is fully reversible when cells are reintroduced into culture media that contain serum in which they grow as a monolayer. We also show that most transcriptional deregulations can be reversed. To further explain this plasticity in melanoma cells, we explored the epigenetic status of four gene promoters, assuming changes in acetylation or dimethylation on histone 3. We show reversible modifications on lysine 9 and lysine 4. We propose that spheroids allow the transient polarization of melanoma cells toward enhanced dormancy, loss of differentiation, and invasiveness, thereby reproducing the properties and plasticity of invasive subpopulations in melanoma tumors. This in-vitro model will allow further characterization and targeting of melanoma invasive cell populations.
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Borrull A, Ghislin S, Deshayes F, Lauriol J, Alcaide-Loridan C, Middendorp S. Nanog and Oct4 overexpression increases motility and transmigration of melanoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1145-54. [PMID: 22406932 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma tumors are highly heterogeneous and can undergo phenotypic modifications depending on their plasticity and the microenvironment, with shifts between proliferative and invasive states. We have shown that melanoma cells, grown as spheroids in a neural crest cell medium, polarize toward an invasive and motile phenotype, in agreement with transcriptomic modulations, including the up-regulation of Nanog and Oct4. Overexpression of these genes was shown to be associated with poor prognosis and metastatic forms of some cancers. We thus investigated implication of Nanog and Oct4, two embryonic transcription factors, in melanoma motility. METHODS Our team used stable transfection of Nanog or Oct4 in A375 melanoma cell line to investigate motility in a wound healing assay and a transendothelial migration assay. Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, expression of two gene panels involved either in mesenchymal motility or in amoeboid migration was studied. RESULTS Strongly enhanced capacities of motility and extravasation were observed with cells overexpressing Oct4 and Nanog. The A375 cell line has been described as having a mesenchymal migration type. However, in the Oct4 and Nanog transfectants, several amoeboid migration markers are strongly induced. Accordingly, amoeboid migration inhibitors decrease significantly the transmigration of Oct4- and Nanog-expressing cells through endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose here that Nanog and Oct4 pluripotency marker expression in melanoma cells increases the transmigration capacity of these cells through the gain of amoeboid motility, leading to higher invasiveness and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Borrull
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Ramgolam K, Lauriol J, Lalou C, Lauden L, Michel L, de la Grange P, Khatib AM, Aoudjit F, Charron D, Alcaide-Loridan C, Al-Daccak R. Melanoma spheroids grown under neural crest cell conditions are highly plastic migratory/invasive tumor cells endowed with immunomodulator function. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18784. [PMID: 21526207 PMCID: PMC3078142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aggressiveness of melanoma tumors is likely to rely on their well-recognized heterogeneity and plasticity. Melanoma comprises multi-subpopulations of cancer cells some of which may possess stem cell-like properties. Although useful, the sphere-formation assay to identify stem cell-like or tumor initiating cell subpopulations in melanoma has been challenged, and it is unclear if this model can predict a functional phenotype associated with aggressive tumor cells. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed the molecular and functional phenotypes of melanoma spheroids formed in neural crest cell medium. Whether from metastatic or advanced primary tumors, spheroid cells expressed melanoma-associated markers. They displayed higher capacity to differentiate along mesenchymal lineages and enhanced expression of SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and/or OCT4 transcription factors, but not enhanced self-renewal or tumorigenicity when compared to their adherent counterparts. Gene expression profiling attributed a neural crest cell signature to these spheroids and indicated that a migratory/invasive and immune-function modulating program could be associated with these cells. In vitro assays confirmed that spheroids display enhanced migratory/invasive capacities. In immune activation assays, spheroid cells elicited a poorer allogenic response from immune cells and inhibited mitogen-dependent T cells activation and proliferation more efficiently than their adherent counterparts. Our findings reveal a novel immune-modulator function of melanoma spheroids and suggest specific roles for spheroids in invasion and in evasion of antitumor immunity. Conclusion/Significance The association of a more plastic, invasive and evasive, thus a more aggressive tumor phenotype with melanoma spheroids reveals a previously unrecognized aspect of tumor cells expanded as spheroid cultures. While of limited efficiency for melanoma initiating cell identification, our melanoma spheroid model predicted aggressive phenotype and suggested that aggressiveness and heterogeneity of melanoma tumors can be supported by subpopulations other than cancer stem cells. Therefore, it could be constructive to investigate melanoma aggressiveness, relevant to patients and clinical transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Ramgolam
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Lauriol
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMRS 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Claude Lalou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laura Lauden
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Michel
- UMRS976, INSERM, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Pierre de la Grange
- GenoSplice Technology, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Charron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigations Biomédicales-Hématologie, Oncologie et Greffes (CIB-HOG), Hôpital St Louis, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Alcaide-Loridan
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMRS 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 940, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Hemon P, Jean-Louis F, Ramgolam K, Brignone C, Viguier M, Bachelez H, Triebel F, Charron D, Aoudjit F, Al-Daccak R, Michel L. MHC Class II Engagement by Its Ligand LAG-3 (CD223) Contributes to Melanoma Resistance to Apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5173-83. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Tanase C. Immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis and therapy monitoring of cutaneous melanoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2011; 10:897-919. [PMID: 20964610 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Skin melanoma, a life-threatening disease, has a recently reported worldwide increase in incidence, despite primary prevention. Skin melanoma statistics emphasize the need for finding markers related to the immune response of the host. The mechanisms that are able to over-power the local immune surveillance comprise molecules that can be valuable markers for diagnosis and prognosis. This article summarizes the immune markers that can monitor the disease stage and evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Recent data regarding immunotherapy are presented in the context of tumor escape from immune surveillance and the immune molecules that are both targets and a means of monitoring. Perspectives for developing immune interventions for skin melanoma management and the position of tissue or soluble immune markers as a diagnostic/prognostic panel are evaluated. State-of-the-art technology is emphasized for developing immune molecular signatures for a complex characterization of the patient's immunological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
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The SSX family of cancer-testis antigens as target proteins for tumor therapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:150591. [PMID: 20981248 PMCID: PMC2963798 DOI: 10.1155/2010/150591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) represent an expanding class of tumor-associated proteins defined on the basis of their tissue-restricted expression to testis or ovary germline cells and frequent ectopic expression in tumor tissue. The expression of CTA in MHC class I-deficient germline cells makes these proteins particularly attractive as immunotherapeutic targets because they serve as essentially tumor-specific antigens for MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells. Moreover, because CTAs are expressed in many types of cancer, any therapeutic developed to target these antigens might have efficacy for multiple cancer types. Of particular interest among CTAs is the synovial sarcoma X chromosome breakpoint (SSX) family of proteins, which includes ten highly homologous family members. Expression of SSX proteins in tumor tissues has been associated with advanced stages of disease and worse patient prognosis. Additionally, both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to SSX proteins have been demonstrated in patients with tumors of varying histological origin, which indicates that natural immune responses can be spontaneously generated to these antigens in cancer patients. The current review will describe the history and identification of this family of proteins, as well as what is known of their function, expression in normal and malignant tissues, and immunogenicity.
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