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Czuba-Wojnilowicz E, Klemm V, Cortez-Jugo C, Turville S, Aggarwal A, Caruso F, Kelleher AD, Ahlenstiel CL. Layer-by-Layer Particles Deliver Epigenetic Silencing siRNA to HIV-1 Latent Reservoir Cell Types. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2039-2052. [PMID: 36848493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, nanomaterials have been employed to facilitate intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), both in vitro and in vivo, to induce post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA interference. Besides PTGS, siRNAs are also capable of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) or epigenetic silencing, which targets the gene promoter in the nucleus and prevents transcription via repressive epigenetic modifications. However, silencing efficiency is hampered by poor intracellular and nuclear delivery. Here, polyarginine-terminated multilayered particles are reported as a versatile system for the delivery of TGS-inducing siRNA to potently suppress virus transcription in HIV-infected cells. siRNA is complexed with multilayered particles formed by layer-by-layer assembly of poly(styrenesulfonate) and poly(arginine) and incubated with HIV-infected cell types, including primary cells. Using deconvolution microscopy, uptake of fluorescently labeled siRNA is observed in the nuclei of HIV-1 infected cells. Viral RNA and protein are measured to confirm functional virus silencing from siRNA delivered using particles 16 days post-treatment. This work extends conventional particle-enabled PTGS siRNA delivery to the TGS pathway and paves the way for future studies on particle-delivered siRNA for efficient TGS of various diseases and infections, including HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Czuba-Wojnilowicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vera Klemm
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart Turville
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chantelle L Ahlenstiel
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Targeted Nanocarrier Delivery of RNA Therapeutics to Control HIV Infection. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071352. [PMID: 35890248 PMCID: PMC9324444 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of HIV infection has greatly advanced since the discovery of the virus in 1983. Treatment options have improved the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS, turning it from a fatal disease into a chronic, manageable infection. Despite all this progress, a cure remains elusive. A major barrier to attaining an HIV cure is the presence of the latent viral reservoir, which is established early in infection and persists for the lifetime of the host, even during prolonged anti-viral therapy. Different cure strategies are currently being explored to eliminate or suppress this reservoir. Several studies have shown that a functional cure may be achieved by preventing infection and also inhibiting reactivation of the virus from the latent reservoir. Here, we briefly describe the main HIV cure strategies, focussing on the use of RNA therapeutics, including small interfering RNA (siRNA) to maintain HIV permanently in a state of super latency, and CRISPR gRNA to excise the latent reservoir. A challenge with progressing RNA therapeutics to the clinic is achieving effective delivery into the host cell. This review covers recent nanotechnological strategies for siRNA delivery using liposomes, N-acetylgalactosamine conjugation, inorganic nanoparticles and polymer-based nanocapsules. We further discuss the opportunities and challenges of those strategies for HIV treatment.
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Cornetta K, Bonamino M, Mahlangu J, Mingozzi F, Rangarajan S, Rao J. Gene therapy access: Global challenges, opportunities, and views from Brazil, South Africa, and India. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2122-2129. [PMID: 35390542 PMCID: PMC9171243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene and cell therapies for a variety of life-limiting illnesses are under investigation, and a small number of commercial products have successfully obtained regulatory approval. The cost of treatment is high, and clinical studies evaluating safety and efficacy are performed predominately in high-income countries. We reviewed the current status of gene and cell therapies in low- and middle-income countries and highlighted the need and current barriers to access. The state of product development in Brazil, South Africa, and India is discussed, including lessons learned from American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ASGCT)-sponsored virtual symposia in each of these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Cornetta
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Martín Bonamino
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Research Coordination, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vice-Presidency of Research and Biological Collections (VPPCB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johnny Mahlangu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Savita Rangarajan
- Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, UK & KJ Somaiya Super Speciality Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayandharan Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kapur, UP, India
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Urusov FA, Glazkova DV, Tsyganova GM, Pozdyshev DV, Bogoslovskaya EV, Shipulin GA. The Titer of the Lentiviral Vector Encoding Chimeric TRIM5α-HRH Gene is Reduced Due to Expression of TRIM5α-HRH in Producer Cells and the Negative Effect of Ef1α Promoter. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xue W, Zheng X, Hu X, Zhang Y. Research and Clinical Significance of the Differentially Expressed Genes TP63 and LMO4 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211011380. [PMID: 33906487 PMCID: PMC8108076 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211011380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the differential gene expression and clinical significance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals (HIVIIs) with penile squamous cell carcinoma. At our hospital from 2019 to 2020, we selected six samples of HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma for the experimental group and six samples of non-HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma for the control group. Transcriptome sequencing of sample mRNAs was performed by high-throughput sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis, differential Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and differential Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out, and the reads per kilobase per million reads (RPKM) value was used as a measure of gene expression. A total of 2418 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 663 were upregulated and 1755 were downregulated (absolute value of logFC >1 and p value <.05). On the basis of the significance of the GO enrichment analysis, we found that the tumor protein p63 (TP63) gene was significantly upregulated and that the LIM domain only 4 (LMO4) gene was significantly downregulated in the experimental group compared with the control group. KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that DNA replication was the most significant pathway associated with the upregulated genes and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) metabolism was the most significant pathway associated with the downregulated genes. The gene expression profiles of HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma and non-HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma are significantly different and involve significant GO enrichment and KEGG metabolic pathways, and this is very meaningful for the study of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Differential expression of genes may be an important target for the prevention of penile squamous cell carcinoma in HIVIIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Xue
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
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Kelleher AD, Cortez-Jugo C, Cavalieri F, Qu Y, Glanville AR, Caruso F, Symonds G, Ahlenstiel CL. RNAi therapeutics: an antiviral strategy for human infections. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:121-129. [PMID: 33171339 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing induced by RNAi represents a promising antiviral development strategy. This review will summarise the current state of RNAi therapeutics for treating acute and chronic human virus infections. The gene silencing pathways exploited by RNAi therapeutics will be described and include both classic RNAi, inducing cytoplasmic mRNA degradation post-transcription and novel RNAi, mediating epigenetic modifications at the transcription level in the nucleus. Finally, the challenge of delivering gene modifications via RNAi will be discussed, along with the unique characteristics of respiratory versus systemic administration routes to highlight recent advances and future potential of RNAi antiviral treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Yijiao Qu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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